Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th November 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 11, MANIFESTO OF THE REFUGEES IN JERSEY. The...

Page 11
Page 11
11 of 16

On this page

  • Departments (1)
    • MAZZINI AND KOSSUTH.
  • Text (5)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      The French Republicans And The Coming Em...

      fl Bninst their children , despoiled by them of their patrimony , which it took two ^ volutions to regain-lastly , a en me against themselves , for in dishonourin g tlie , n . « lves , Ihey committed suicide . Now , Citizens , you r . re invited to renew " that taflwww lease of servitude ; you are called to the second Empire ; and this time its godmother is not victory , but the police ; and its Italian campaigns are called 2 tfa »* Cayenne , and Xatnbessa ! If Prance , dazzled by the glitter- of a seat sword , dishonoured and lost herself in the calends of the year IV what Ute thought of you , mature Citizens , enlightened by two" revolutions / aidin * the police to crown the Cjcsar of burglars ? Conscience , has but one name for such a suicide-cowardice ; and history will have no page for such a people but one of infamy , Citizens , the exercise of the sovereignty is but an abominable

      trea son , and the most melancholy of human farces when liberty guards not the Uras ; who guards them now , these urns of the sovereignty 1 The dictator Shi ,, of assassination , the men of the 2 nd of December ! Even secret votiu * is tut an organised theft , when they are emptied by falsehood under the auspices of force ; but who empties them now thesesaeved bulletins dropped in the u' -n under the eye of the gendarmes ? The incarnate lie , the bloody and hypocritical perjury , -the system of the 2 nd of December . A people may vote for or «* inst on taxation , on peace , on war , and on the relative forms of sovereignty , when it interferes not with the original right , but on the very existence of that sovereignty eternal

      on the inalienable , right , on the pr inciple and the essence of life , any vote is a crime ; there should be no reply but by arms ! But what is now ' in question ? The Empire—the hereditary Empire—that is to sav , sovereignty sinking into eternal servitude , like the sun in the sea , perpetual alienation , voluntary death , and dishonour ! Citizens , you will not commit such a horrible crime ; you will not spread , like a winding-sheet , over the tomb of the Republic sealed by you , the stained purple of a Caesar of the highway ; you wiJI not put an impious hand on your revolutions , your trophies , your hopes , on civilisation , which lives but in liberty , on your children , and on yourselves ! You will not consummate that murder of renown and duty . You will mi vote ! Leave the

      police and the everlasting parasites to labour at the iiaperial garland , and you prepare the avenging hemp ! Yes , night and day , in public and in private , organise and fortify yourselves , so that each live in ail and all in each . May you be animated with a common faith , the revolutionary faith , implacable , persevering , and bold , like that of ouv fathers of ' 92 , and be always ready to arise , to strike ' Citizens , in presence of a tyrant , a perjurer , an assassin of the public liberties , this is the one great duty you have to fulfil ! London , November 3 , 1852 .

      "*— M In Star Of Mnti.

      " *— in star of mnti .

      Manifesto Of The Refugees In Jersey. The...

      MANIFESTO OF THE REFUGEES IN JERSEY . The French exiles resident in Jersey have issued the following proclamation , which is clandestinely circulated in Paris : — TO THE PEOPLE . CmzEss , —The empire is about to be created . Is a continuation of abstention necessary ? Such is the question addressed to us . In the department of the Seine , a certain number of Republicans , of those who , till now , have abstained , as they ought , from taking a part , under any form whatever , in the acts of the government of M . Bonaparte , who seem now to think that on the occasion of the Empire , a hostile demonstration on the part of Paris might be useful , and that , perhaps , the proper moment shall have arrived to intervene in the election . They add , that in any case , the vote will be a means of numbering the Republican party . They ask our advice . Our reply will be simple ; and what we say for the town of Paris may be said for all the departments . M . Bonaparte has not decided on declaring himself Emperor without having first decided with his accomplices the number of votes he needs to surpass the 7 , 500 , 000 of his 20 th

      of December . At tins hour , whatever it be , eight millions , nine millions , or ten millions , the number is settled . We need not take the trouble to recall to you what is M . Bonaparte's " Universal Suffrage" —M . Bonaparte's ballot . A manifestation from the town of Paris , or from the town of Lyons , a numbering of the Kepublicau party , is that possible ? Where is the guarantee of the ballot ? Where is the control ? Where are the searchers ? Where is Liberty 1 Think of these mockeries . What is it that will issue from the urn 1 The will of M . Bonaparte—nothing else . M . Bonaparte has in his hands the keys of the ballot-boxes , the votes , theoui and the non . After the work of the prefects and mayors terminates , this government of highwaymen will shut itself up with the

      ballot-boxes , and pillage them . What is it to this government to increase or diminish votes , alter a proees-vevbal . invent a total , and fabricate a figure . A lie , that is a trifle ; a falsehood , that is nothing . Adhere to principles , ' Citizens . This is what we have to say to you : M . Bonaparte finds that the time has come to call himself Majesty . He did not restore a Pope to leave him nothing to do ; he means to be consecrated and crowned . Since the 2 nd of December he has had the fact , despotism , now he desires the name , Empire . So be it . We , Republicans , what is our duty 1 what should be our attitude ? Citizens , Louis Bonaparte is an outlaw—he is beyond the pale of humanity . During the ten months that this scoundrel has reigned , the right of insurrection has been

      enjwmanence , and governs the situation At the present hour , a perpetual call to arms exists in every conscience . But be tranquil ; that which revolts every conscience , will not be very long before it places arms in every hand . Friends and brothers , in presence of that Infamous government , negation of all morality , and obstacle to alt social progress , in presence of that murderer of the people , assassin of the Republic , and violator of the laws , of that ^ govcrnment born of force , and which must needs perish of force , of that government raised by crime , and which must be brought down by right , the French Citizen worthy of the name knows „„ . „„ * „„ .. ^ not tn tnnw whether there be some semblance of the ballot , a not and not to knowwhether there be some semblance ot tne Daiiot , a

      cares , comedy of universal suffrage , and the parody of an appeal to the nation : he seeks not to know whether there be men who vote , or men who may vote , whether there be a flock , called the Senate , that deliberates , and another flock called the people , that obeys ; he seeks not to know whether the Pope will come to consecrate at Notre-Dame the man who—doubt it not . such is the mvitable future-will he claimed by the hand of the executioner . In presence of M . Bonaparte and his government , the citizen , worthy of the name , will do but one thins and has but one thing to do-to load his musket and wait . Vice la

      Sell tTFrench democratic-socialists resident in Jersey , met in general assembly on the 31 st of October , 1853 / J Yio tob Hugo , Fosbertsaux , Philippe Faure . THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . At a meetin- of the Committee of this Society on Sunday evening , November 7 th ., the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : — 1 st-That having read I the Star of Freedom an account of he atrocious e ^^ £ « H * r * l » ***** 1 r ^^< £££ ? a order of that incarnation of priestcraft and tyranny , the ^^^^^ hereby express our heartfelt grief and indignation , and our earnest resolution to aSTby every Possible means , the Italian Republicans , and their cause ,-which is

      that of European Freedom . « nd-That viewing Stiffing Subscription for European Freedom , to be * na . —mat vievnu eHf ' . „ .., __ t ,, p rfqiian "National Cause , we resolve one of the most effectual means of aiding « ie * *» * ' ' b u ^• js ^ s »!^^ Worlc .. x * o ^ nnmfPtl to draw ui ) an address to the British ard .-Thata suh . commUtee ^ of continental people expressing the views of f ^^ f ^ Ho bear upon the British Britain in aid of Italian Freedom . ^ ttZ ^ ttZZ * Democratic journal * , ana peisoiuu . f tj An „ i 0-CeUic race , who , sri ^ a ^^^ ** " - " . ' - the work of human regeneration . 53

      great Sssw ™*** between this Society and the Continental democrats 6 th .-That copies of these resolutions be forwarded to Joseph Maz . ini , and to the Society of the Friends of Italy . ( Si-ned in the name of the Committee ) 1 e . Join * Milse , Chairman . G . Julian Harney , 7 Secretaries . Alexax jser Bell , J M Rrr- \ n he addressed to George Julian All Communications , newspapers , & c „ to be adonuea Harney , 4 , Brunswick-row , Queen-square , Bioomsbury , London .

      Manifesto Of The Refugees In Jersey. The...

      THE MARTYRDOM OF ROBERT BLUM . anniversary commemoration . cZvlT ^ T / ' murier ° " 6 wman P *** . » obert Blum , was Sl eTLfU ° " U ? ^ ° Vember 9 t "> b ? a demonstration of ( toman w v v mmr a ? n ; if , m ' ° f tllC * " **«<»» ' Tamn . The attendance F « ench ^ Z 5 h h ™" ° CV 0 Wded ' There Wlls P «« ° til Skiing of ddSv ' 0 l f ' ,. Hun amns and En but the great mass was W ^ , ' MC , Bdln * considerable number of ladies . Their charming 100 * 8 , and dresses to match , increased the picturesque and agreeable appearance OTiSir ??^ T ? , aracle ; , istlc Mtt «» i ««» , the ladies gave unmistakable canol ? w P , ° ! 1 al Wp , nU , 0 M by a m " rked dis l ? of the true Repubii-* : , We ^ uldadd , thatat the back of the platform was a large and beautiful oil pa-ntiug presenting a most striking likeness of the martyr , and appropriately surrounded by laurel leaves . In the centre and high aloft was suspended the black-red-gold flag of United Germany , supported on each side bv the revolutionary standard—the glorious red banner

      IUe chair was taken by professor Arnold Huge , a gentleman of extensive political celebrity in his own country , and of considerable political power . After a prelude of music , he addressed the meeting ( in German ) . He commenced by explaining how it was that Robert Blum had become the apostle and martyr oi German ireedom . Blum was tiie thorough German representative man . He was intensely the man of the German poeple ; he incorporated all their instincts , all their iaiths , all their aspirations ; he embodied the people ' s demand for those rights promised when Kapoleon had to be crushed but never granted ; and he was the voice of the people ' s generosity iriien they had their tyrants in their power and

      should not have been generous . Be was the man of the era—precisely the man to translate and put in action the passions of the time . All Germany spoke m him in 1848 , with the greater effect that lie was sprung from the democracy ; but he was too German in not being severe enough , for when the Germans h ; ul conquered their kings , the sword was left in the hands of those kings , and the democracy had suffered accordingly for that fault . Blum , however , was intensely the democrat . He was a large-hearted , clear-headed , practical man , hating wrong , and loving his race ; and he had determined to do and to call on others to do precisely that which he believed the time demanded . The speaker proceeded to sketch Blum ' s political life—the political action he had called

      into existence in . Saxony , and the impetus he gave by his personal dauntiessness to the religious anti-papal movement of Ronge . After a rapid survey of the history of the Frankfort parliament , and the appointment of Blum ( with Flobel and Hartinan , the poet ,, as a deputation to the Viennese revolutionists , he entered into a defence of Blum ' s conduct during the straggle in Vienna . Vienna was , at the time , the turning point of all the efforts of enslaved Europe in 1848 . If Vienna were made secure again in the hands of her Emperor , and without conditions , Hungary could not long have resisted , Italy would have been overwhelmed ; and the Austrian empire reformed , the rest of Germany would have been overrun with reaction . Blum understood this , and attempted to master the crisis ; and lie fought gallantly , and fell like a hero of humanity under the hands of his

      assassins . Rut in Blum ' s blood had been written a new charter for the people ; for , as Pericles said of the Athenians who foil in resisting the Spartans , the grave of a great man was the whole earth . This part of the speech , or rather elegiac eloge , was loudly cheered , and the cheers were taken up again when the orator—announcing his belief that the time was fast approaching when Blum would he avenged by a new and permanently successful revolution throughout Europeexpressed his conviction that , in their next contest for freedom , the Germans would obtain the sympathy of the English people . He distinguished between the English government and the English people . The English people were no longer dictated to by a class or a man—by an aristocracy , or by a Pitt , or a Wellington , as the mouthpieces of classes . The English nation was dictating for itself in these days in its political relations with other peoples ; and it could not be that within the same hemisphere there could long be a London and a Naples—British institutions and military despotism . London was becoming the beacon of the

      world ; and the English nation would soon admit that thoy must obtain another people , because it fought and did not win , in struggling with despotisms . In Germany force must be met by force ; and the English must not suppose that freedom was to be got , like a reform in degree—by a motion , or by a division , or by public meetings . The English had used the sword once ; and the Germans had imitated them , and would imitate them again arid again . ( Cheers . ) The battle would recommence ere long . Humanity still lived ; and people had but to be patient and to have fa -th in themselves , and to be true to that faith . This faith in the destiny of democracy was the new religion of the world , Professor Huge went on to point out the errors committed in the years 1848-9 ; and then to vindicate the democrats from the . false charges brought against them . The Germans had learnt necessary lessons in their failures . They had learnt to know themselves ; and * , still more , to appreciate their tyrants . They might fall again , but it should not be because they were deceived in their kings .

      Mk . Oscar . Falke gave an eloquent sketch of Blum ' s career , from Ms early and struggling youth , to the day on which lie was shot by order of an Austrian court-martial . At all times he had been a revolutionary—that was , a religious reformer , an opposer of priestly oppression , a writer of the public feelings and sentiments , a man who , whether iu Parliament or on the barricade , was ever ready to devote every exertion , and even his life to his country ' s welfare , Referring to the future , the Speaker expressed his earnest belief in the speedy corning of the next revolution which he hinted would begin in Paris by the dethronement and death of the " Caligula of the day . ' ' His speech was received with repeated burets of enthusiastic applause .

      Dr . Tausenau followed , speaking in English . He speaks our language with ease , if not with elegance . He contended that the meeting could not be regarded as a bragging demonstration . The Germans were not to be silent because they were beaten for the time ; and they could not but be right in standing on and speaking from the only free platform left them in Europe , and in encouraging among one another those political virtues of patience and perseverance to which the English had themselves taugiit the rest of the world to trust . lie proceeded to answer the question he was often asked—why the German democrats held Blum in such reverence : repeating the opinions of Blum's character previously expressed , and saying that it was not because Blum was tiie only or even the greatest martyr , but because a concurrence of circumstances had made Blum the

      representative of the whole German people at Vienna ; and because the man himself was of that pure nature—loveable in his family , and therefore virtuous in the political arena—which excited enthusiasm in arousing regrets . Therefore it is that the name of Robert Blum will be the rallying cry of the people in the great day of the future—( cheers . ) The learned doctor went on to show that the English nation had ludicrously misunderstood the whole German political struggle ; and , as an instance of the fallacious reasoning still influencing our leading statesmen when they had to refer to German politics , he mentioned Mr . Macaulay ' s speech at Edinburgh . That speech , said Dr . Tanseuau , was a libel upon the democracy of Europe . He was an admirer of the - works of Mr . Macaulav : but this particular speed ) had made him pause in his tribute ; and he

      had begun to doubt whether the heart of Mr . Macaulay really beat with that ot mankind ; whether it did not beat merely for tiie success of a single party 1 Mr . Macaulay had proved Gibbon to be short-sighted in having thought that civilization could no longer be in danger from barbarians , who were more savage than Huns and Vandals . He ( Dr . Tausenau ) might ask if that could be the real genuine civilization which produced such matters ? ( Great cheering . ) But he did not admit the fact ; and , judging of the army by their leaders , he would ask if Louis Kossuth was a barbarian 1 Was Joseph Mazzini a savage ? Was Arnold Huge a Vandal 1 Was Johannes Ronge a Hun 1 ( Much cheering . ) Civilization , according to Mr . Macaulay , had been saved ; but where were the signs of this salvation 1 Was civilization saved because Vienna . Prague , Cracow ,

      Veniceall the capitals of Germany and Italy have been bombarded and sacked—because the press was gagged—education in the hands of an ignorant and arrogant priesthood—because the free congregations had been suppressed and popery was everywhere triumphant—because thousands were bucthered in Hungary by cowardly assassins in the pay of the Austrian government—not to speak of those who fell on the battle-iield , and the thousands that were slaughtered by the master-hangman Haynau in the shambles , as established by him in Brescia and elsewl , ereJ ! because in the Hungarian war , ladies' hands were cut off for the sake of the rings on their fingers , children ript up by the swords of the brutal soldiery , and other atrocities too numerous to mention were committed—because Louis is - anoleon , crowned scoundrel , was about to become an emperor ?—( cheers ) .

      Look at the perjuries cotmmittnl by all the sovereigns , and say if civilization has been served —( enthusiastic applause ) . If that were civilization he would turn Arab or Caffre , and make war on that civilization —( great cheering ) . Mr . Macaulay mistook desolation for peace : he did not see that the democrats had never committed a crime , and that they had been crushed only by their oppressors resorting to all the crimes which were accursed of God and man . Mr . Macaulay Jived too much in his closet for the JieaJthy play of his genius . He lived only in the circles oi government boards , and did not understand that a people had faith iu more than one routine , aud that what now existed from Paris to St . Petersburg was false and artificial , and could not last —( loud cheers ) . This Mr . Macaulay would soon ascertain , and then , perhaps , change his opinion .

      Manifesto Of The Refugees In Jersey. The...

      Louis Kapoleon , the patent saviour of civilization , would soon invade Germany or England —(« No ; he can ' t" ) . Well , he would try . If he invaded Germany , there would be at first only German armies to meet him ; and it was possible that lie would conquer those armies . And when rogues fell out honest men came by their own ; and when the German armies were destroyed the German people would look up , would organise sucli a popular army as would for ever put to flight the French invaders and the German princes —( cheers ) . This was what the successful tyrants of Germany must be now anticipating ; and he ( Dr . Tausenau ) would tell them that though they had 3 , 000 , 000 of bayonets to defend them he knew they rested uneasily ; for they knew themselves that they were not Mr . Macaulay ' s saviours of Europe , but Asiatic despots , and that though they had sown disease , death , and destruction , the people , and not they , would reap the fruit —( loud cheers ) .

      Johannes Ronge , the celebrated religious reformer ,-and founder of tho " Free Congregations , " next addressed the meeting . He expatiated chiefly on the solidarity of nations . Mr . Lockkart followed , speaking in English , and was succeeded by Mr . Wercell , one of the Polish democracy , who read a paper ( in French ) in which he spoke of the noble Blum , and recounted how he had di sired and struggled * for the freedom of heroic Poland—how he had opposed the reaction in the Assembly , in their mean denial of justice to Poland , and how lie had lived and died heroically in defence of the solidarity of nations , and the holy principles of liberty , equality , and fraternity . The meeting then broke up , but a number of those present remained and partook of a supper , which was served up in the hall .

      The Friends Of Italy. From The Monthly R...

      THE FRIENDS OF ITALY . From the Monthly Record for jSoveniuer published by the above named society we select the following extracts . The first contains particulars as to the names of the Sinigaglia victims hitherto unpublished in any English journal . The Roman States , —Since the publication of our last Record , news has been received of an occurrence intheUoman states morehorrible in its individual cruelty than any which has taken place in Italy since the commencement of the Reaction . We alude to the execution of twenty-four political prisontrs in Sinigaglia—an atrocity to which , we are very sjrry to say , the British Press , with one or two exceptions , has hardly done more than allude . In the last days of September , twenty-four men who had been imprisoned since 1849 , on political

      charges , and who during that time had endured tiie sufferings , privations , and tortures peculiar to an Italian prison , were led out—eight , the first day ; six , the second ; and ten , the third—into a public place in "" the town of Sinigaglia , : ind there shot by Swiss soldiers in the pay of ( he Pope . Some of them had been condemned by a sentence of the 31 st of December , 1851 ; others , by a sentence of the 21 st of Febuary , 1852 ; so that , from the delay , everybody believed that the sentences would never be carried into effect , and the men themselves were kept for months in a state of alternation between hope and despair—a refinement of cruelty which conld only be practised by Iroquois Indians , or the Government of the Pope . Among the executed were the following—Giambartelomei ,

      aged 24 , and married , a porter Cirolamia , 35 , married , a hemp-worker ; Paraventi , 2-i . married , a mason ; Perini , 28 , married , a mason ; Roeheggia , 46 < married , a shoemaker ; Clavi , 33 , married , a merchant ; Georgietti , 25 , single , a comb-maker ; Guistini , 40 , married , a hemp-worker : Polini , 23 , married , a comb-: i ; aker : Giantanelli , 25 , single , employed in the hospital ; Marchetti , 34 , married , a shoemaker ; Prancesconi , 22 , single , a hemp-worker ; Salvatori , 23 , single , a shoemaker . The most distinguished of the victims was Girolamo Simoncelli , ex-lieutenant of the national guard , a man of the most amiable , generous , and noble character , and universally beloved . * * -X- -X- * % *

      After three years and a half of imprisonment , and weak and haggard by their sutfeiings during that time , twenty-four men , selected from a greater number—the rest being condemned to imprisonment for life or for twenty years —are led out into the light , to go to their death ; and yet all the -months of sickness and endurance have not conquered their spirit ; the light of day brings back to them the enthusiasm which dwelt in their breasts when they last saw it ; and they use tho last few minutes of their lives in singing the l * Marseillaise , " and shouting the name of Mazzini . If anything were wanting to stamp the character of the Papal government as

      the worst on earth , these Sinigaglia executiens have supplied it . This horror , the worst of all during a long course of revolution and reaction , has been reserved , not for the territories of King Bomba , or any other secular despot , but for those of the Pope , Christ's vicar on earth—the holy and merciful man who refused to send soldiers against the Austrian invaders because " they wero Christians . " This is right . It is right that the central spot of the world ' s iniquity—the spot on which the energies of reform must be most powerfully concentrated , in order that the whole world may feel the renovation—should be the spot exhibiting , in the most odious form , the accumulation of all that can disgust men and make them indignant .

      NAPLES . —There have been seven capital condemnations at Naples , referring to I 84 S—the condemned being men of high repute , such as Professor Spaventa . They have not been executed , and perhaps will not be ; but the prisons of Naples know how to kill slowly . Lombardy . —In Lombardy new political arrests are being made , in continuation of the extraordinary number made already . In Verona especially , arrests go on at a great rate , f he trials of the arrested are proceeding , the prisoners behaving heroically . There as in the rest of Italy , the atrocity with which political persecution is conducted is really abnormal—hardly any country o : ? time exhibiting a parallel . The official gazettes are sickening—a true martyrology .

      Mazzini And Kossuth.

      MAZZINI AND KOSSUTH .

      Impobtant Meeting Of The Society Of The ...

      IMPOBTANT MEETING OF THE SOCIETY OF THE FfilENDS OFjflTALY . ^ " The first conversazione of the season" of this society took place on Wednesday evening at the Music-hall , Store-street . The hevll was densely crowded . The English preponderated ; but a large number of Italians , Hungarians , Germans , & c , were also present . M . M . Mazzini and Kossuth , w / io were present , were vehemently cheered . The Italian triumvir looked care-worn , but tho Hungarian leader , on the contrary seemed to be in excellent health , and not at all depressed in spirits . In speeking he has greatly advanced in correct accentuation of the English language . The chair was taken by P . A . Taylor , treasurer to the society .

      The Chairman , in opening the proceedings , expressed his gratification at t the large attendance . He accepted the fact as an indication that the Society of f Friends of Italy was progrossng in public opinion , and that the necessity was s beginning to be more and more perceived by the English people , if only on sel- - fish grounds , taking more pains to comprehend foreign politics . He afterwards Is proceeded , in a compact and eloquent speech , to point out the reasons which h induced a belief on his part that reaction on the continent , and the apathy in n England had nearly reached Its limits . Mr . Ieuson moved a resolution to the following effect : "That consideringig the great historical recollections associated with the city of Rome ; consideringag ; the late nobly-conducted struggle that had been carried on there ; and con-nsidering further that Rome , the centre of Iialian freedom , was at that mo-. oment occupied by foreign forces , the meeting were of opinion that a petition fronimu the meeting should be presented to parliament , declaring that this abnormal al state of things ought to be abolished . " Mr . W . Coningham seconded the resolution .

      M . Mazzini then came forward and was , as usual on these occasions , verjerji warmly received . He said—Having only this evening to read to you a petitioriorr which the society recommends this meeting aud its friends everywhere to adoptoptt I shall prefix only a very few words . Powers of eloquence have never beeieen granted to me ; but even if they had been I could not have used them on tins os a all evenings . And the reason is in one word , Every one of you has heareanv within these three or four days that nine individuals belonging to the populaulai party of Italy have baen shot in Ancona . That would seem to have beebee ; enough ; but I have received to-day and you will probably - to-morrow read iid ii

      your newspapers , the further information that 27 were shot the day after thoshoss nine had been shot . ( Cries of "Shame , shame . " ) Before these facts it wouloull be a mockery for me , an Italian , to make a long speech . The state of Italy ly really sad , and has been realiy sad beyond measure for some time . W e hadum wholesale butcheries , as you see , in the states of the church , and we have wholholdi sale condemnations , not to death , but to the galleys for life or for twenty yearearr at Naples . We have wholesale arrests of 100 to 250 persons in Lombardy . Thet'he ; arrests are most likely to lead to condemnations and executions , likethobe be Sinigaglia and at Ancona . It is only two months since one of my personsonn friends strangled himself with his cravat the first day of his entering a dungecigecc

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 13, 1852, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13111852/page/11/