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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th July 1845, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, flnftjflitss, <B$mit$, & h\q\mt^

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    • THE LAXDl
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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      -Kly 12 ^ 1845. The Northern >Star 7 ' -...

      -Kly 12 ^ 1845 . THE NORTHERN > STAR 7 ' - ^ " ~ ¦ ¦ ' X ^__ ' * " '" - 1 MI—1 ^ . . _^____ .. ___ - « . - . in . n > tt . > .. _« .

      The Laxdl

      THE LAXDl

      Tv'tlaa Ibat Land Ivas Hicny S. :..:."¦;...

      TV ' tlaa ibat land ivas Hicny s . :..:. "¦; : ; tsnt , V v vzrzA flneijssajiy to yvbicb iis 1-Kit ; 7 :. t- 5 t- ! fu > " many a r . TJnpng ili-ifo : sav ~ n . v - -ri-rli *^ Ms ira : nw : jic ; s : a feral Of bar .

      -Byron . ' A ?""' - * c " : » ¦ niom e-Tuali ' r rcfgncl , would p-st--5 i- " .. ; Yi . V .. a v ' i . oy v .: ' -ited wi-. tre - . b-. y Vtisscsfed * . * ucr ~ v : -. z .- - ¦ •' - ¦ ¦ -ii- " "S'K-. v'h / -SwiM ; l .. " v pra-U :- :: < idlr " i / H 3 l r . v :---- " "• - ' - ~' * - ?' - ^>» wan tancultivatemora than a Cirz ' . zz : --.: lV-2 « f laa-i **—Uc-C . im . ' ' ¦ ::. s ' ^ v 5 . - able to yrtilai ^ a charier from bcavou , or jj . i ; .: ; v i . r-:: ; -r ihi-j iu a particular pt ^ sersiwi than his Ei .. " - " .-i . r . V . I ' c : . "' . - i "_ -.-re t--. -da f-c- r . o reel : inlng a . - lauik-J property cr . fzz . V- ? - - ¦ ' - ' " ' *! : lt * " *¦*¦ ¦ "' - « : r :: i , s » l , thvngi : lie l / i : ; :- i ^ istTiWrht fo . ycrr-: ^ it , lie hr . il :. o rU ' -l t-y loev ' c < : t lii t - ; ; -.- " . ' « j-e . yiisU ? anyixtrlof if ; neither < li < l tlicf r -: :-r .- ; " fn * enrC : open : i land <> fik-s . fro :: ; whciice the

      £ ? si irZe iV . 'i-. is tboabl issue . "— Tjt-:. i .. 2 s J ' « r on " . be far ..:-, « rT . art : i : v . i : ;! t thereto , 2 > it - ; - - ? - " ullii' -C'ilo las lixh-g inhabitants of thc said CO" --- ; " « r r . t" ri . l « urlicul in r . n t-jusl wanner . P-or jj ; - ' j ~ :, i . -.:-. yb ~ t tfulatnlaudits i . r' -: a ?; ieas ; cor . £ C 1 : 1 :-::- - . " . " . "• - : ¦• : we caanut live wilby-jt . wc have the same , " -- » . r ; v in : * s in «> r . r live-.-. "—77-9 M >« . ~ fj > iriC-:. - " T ; -. i ' : ; , i ; , u-ir . t-v =.- . ] d ^? inberitai-, yc ; aKdbing 5 , prince ? , _ -.- — = — ' . " -.= i . ~ r--- -- i ; .:. i c-, s » iii ,. iim- ^_ v . " 1 ; o lliLTir slsjlt-ji it

      Tv'tlaa Ibat Land Ivas Hicny S. :..:."¦;...

      ft ' . ? ::: ; * : c"fi , H . - " . < l < * ui » 'JU the uUeuf I'l ^ ninr ignorant-i , tsutr Vr . ; . n n sr . ai . y i ^ nx , V . nnum ur uv . r . ic . "" —ratrgitt O ' C-...:-. ¦¦!' . - r ; -: i-:-r . iearhfsss ? that ? . - ! - * ' >¦¦? , ¦ ¦; : < ?• - . - ¦ : ¦ J . The-Gr ; -:.: i- - ir " . - . ~ :. - > e i « toi-is cbilur < :-. i t < j"ive \ V "" ., twdcr . Usv ..: ? .: ? ' .. r a ; is ia , cc ?; : iry i " -v their : "b .- ; = lr :. fc ; an . iso jr .- ; . - ' . ' ,., -y .. i-ci-. j >> and t-. ' . ' -avate ; -.. C \ ey bavftisviigbltoj ¦ tL . 'V . i!—iu " . it * tiivj v « im : t .-. r ! ij- icir . v i-., thf . i anyyti : t-r 2 = i ;; Kilr . -- ; - . r ;^ l : t i < . is :-Ul . -ti : i . < :. ::: "" .-thisi . si" : !! bcsuhl , b « : * = -. ; . ; i : J .::. . .- ^ :: 5 c . -: a hcczrri < xL' axrar . " - —? . l > ' ?> Jf < : e £ . r . v .- ' . 7 . t . i : vV . u-. - . l i-. Kf : s ? c-s , lt- ~ .-a-. ia-. i-ly , i " to << : i « . '' v . ii b ; :- j . i * .-r-r . r . bis i : itc * iKj ? aco {• - - - wtro jji-aerally ) tiaHj :.:.-v - . :- : " vh = s created .

      - 11 J- ; - ri :. jU-1-- is incor-ltsuule , asd it is v . fcl' io rcniar . * that : : ci .-iti . r . i /' i-sj . ressiT an srisi : « w * cc ?« : «! t iftiie right of : iH :- > ::- • ^ -. •"» . 1 ' or as the s .. il has r . i * bt-rfi ? r ? at « . il by Etiv .. i : : " -:: ¦ .-. vs f-itn tiie fua-laaieatal j : rhscij > * c of } # ropirr » , - . l .:.-i it cannot bclt-ns - » sny :-i :: a 5 ; jioni-oa of tbe I : u ! . - " r . n : •_ .-..- . who bare created it by their activity . Let «? tirc :-. * c . > :: - i- « dctl .:. i the true tbeoryt-f } a *;« riy is fuunded 012 the * ' -. - < .- llx ft' t ' - 'C ttwfl ;«>«•«• -: <•' . ' "—J- ' orikr . " If : r . an has a ' ri ^ bt fo ' lurbt , air , ai : d water , vhich no one will atf-nn * *« < piasi : oii , be has a rijlit al ^ o to the f ? ::-3 " -aifrais Jsst as ncccsaiyfiir t * : e iiiaintciiaace Ol lib £ nl > - ' =: t £ -j : re . It every jxrsva bad an o ; isal share 01 4 be £ . i"l js-jrerly would l > e isslosowa in the ivoi'W , aud Ciius r . osl-I di ^ sviscar with -. ' . ¦ an t . ''—Aul-e Wv-sli .

      " A . z the nature and - . vasts of all man are aiUte , tbe vaivr ; --: .-ill r .. ti .-t be etjv . il ; r . nd as husian rastence is dei- < : r . > : ' . t « : itt ! e same contingencies , it fuli-t-. rs that the great i-. l- ' t frr all exertion , and tbe raw material of all wsah " s . ft . ; c trlli . is the cennnon i ; roiicrty of all its inba-Ktui 4- * . "— . hov . Friv . cisJA \~ o . " IVjrat in . ii ! cj » ' -Iy ianicts evils of such rnagnihide as VIsat « . f " a 3 ; u ? Ji i / ilic «> : . hirricr to -auHsiuzl j-risj-crV-l Ihc i « -ir : e , t * i-2 old ; , - creatora tf -wealth , possess buovi ' - li-dgs ; ; " -i :-r jjosssss industry : andiftbey ]! i ! S > es-cdlar . d , they c-j :: l't £ ft xll other tisonoiwiies at defiance ; they -woidd iiica be enabled to employ machinery f « r tbtir oiva benefit , as : j the world woald bibold Mih delight find astoaUhictiit the beuencial cSects of this lnighix cagine , VW-u i-Tc-i'tTiy wrectoi . " —Auilii / r cf ( if ' flteprcof cj gdi ' Mf '

      Tffects Of Landlordism In Ele!**^* " Hol...

      tFFECTS OF LANDLORDISM IN ElE !**^* " HOLLY MAClinE . " Gar rc-sders will remember thcjrsrful immler committed two oi * three weeks since , en the noram of a >! i \ Estiii , a mn « istraie of the « . imiy Cavas , Iit-Iaiid . In announcing the murder , the Irish Frcie . . ; er : lajcrs asserted that the victim was slain hcear ^ c he was a Protestant , tausiinpatii ; g thc . crinic to th ? Itc-man Catholic body . On thc other hand t ; : 3 Cfujiclie papers—or at leait one paper—the Z » H- ! 2 h r .-tiiifsrtt Journal , insinuated that thc blood-~ rilk-r vra ? a Protestant , adding , that the deed of _; -rro : had been perpetrated to cast odium oa the Catholic party , and excite thc vengeance of their c ^ pt-rents ! The assertion of the Protestant papers , irx-uihig the crime to the Catholics , wc believe to be « Ue , ~ anu iae assertion of thc frfraian ' s Journal

      we be-leve to be not less false , and Sim more disgraceful , b :-i ? arsc the writer could not have had the least faith ia lhe truth of his assertion . We believe the truth is , thsi religion or polities had nothing to do with the murder . For some time past there has existed in the counties of Cavan , Leitrim , Fermanagh , Su-J RoiecjiunoH , atK-eretcomluEaiisi ! , laon-n as the ** I » : & 2 y Magnire" system ; that is , landlords and ctier i-ersons who render themselves obnoxious to the iHsu . - . nii-.-j ' . re intimidated , or assassinated , in the rioire ol si -nvifcrioiis persocayc wsose <« tai missives -e liped "Moiiy Slaguirc ;" * iust as duringthe turs--c- dlhturbanc-es in Wales , ttll-houseswers destroyed , s .. 'i cl-uyxier . ; peisonagcs punished , by a secret

      com-Lkr . Tia : i assuming thc name of " itebceea and her osaglit-HS . " Thc name of " Molly Magnire" is as riaieziens as that of " Rebecca ; " both sound absurd ciot ^ a , but- Lath arc thc svnibsiis of the miserable a ^ d clicontcafe : ! , illegally confederated to punish wro 2- ~ -ucers . From all that has appeared in ilio 3 rI = L papers , we infer that Mr . Loom was no worse thra : hi ^ iicklil'suro in his character of a landlord , izek-eu Lc ii rerd * seatcd to havo been mitch better tLin jsany of them ; but as a magistrate , he was zc-al ' jzs ia uis endeavours to put down the " Molly iissires , " two of whom , it is said , he Lad only rccccuy committed to prison—hence a iccling of vengiasee . in ; iU prohabiiity , prompted tiie fatal act which in a moment deprived him of life , aad branded Lis & s : rovcr as a miuxlerer .

      Of eenrse there is a cause for the illegal combinaiiozs whieii , ancer some name or ciLei ' ^ iiwiatabi a ceaseless existence ia Ireland . In vain dses the hvr ' s -rcjuresnce smite the discovcfcd members of the ; e eomblnations—in vain do even pi-k-sts and Ilepcalers ueiiounec their existence—these combinations never cease . In vain thc gallows and the Lalks are satiated with victims—in raw OToxxell L « elio ^ i an « l Tom Steele " paciiicatcs "—thc cause of those eunibiuations remains uuameliorated , aud the combinations therefore continue . That cause is , the crasissw , tltc tyranny , and tltc cruelly jiCrpetrated ly Irish landlords upon thc liapkss pcoplc over whom ihcrrale . Li proof cf this , we call attention to tlic state of these dislriels , as sworn , to by witnesses before the Ir " i * i Land . Commission .

      IntLo evidaiei ? taken at Virginia , county Cavan , in 3 niy , lS 4 i . wc and it sworn hy Ecnry M'Quadc , a . 2 = ) -acre fanner , residing in Ivillinkere , that lie , with JQiiy-six or fifty ^ eveu other tenants , without reckoning cotters , wer * served with ejectments from their teuemtnts at the expiration of their leases , in May , lSiS . They had each made considerable improvements a short time before the ejectment , on the i : neerctaiiuing that they were to get renewal leases ; ye : tieir lands were set over their heads to a iniddlc-Tzzzzi , although they had sent ia proposals , and o £ .-7 ed io pay any reasonable rent that might be laid or : the Lmds . I'hc-v were anxious to hold , at any

      rent , under the head landlord , whom tluy had never s : r . i . Thcv understood Ms name was Major North , andthev applied to the agent to learn his address , tin : thev might make their proposals to him direct , L-zt the * information was refused . They then wrote to a club in Lontko , of which they supposed him a Eeabc-r ; they wrote to thc "War-ofiice , and to thc 3 ; -: « re of Ordnance , bat they could get no account of sxy such , person ss Major ^ orth . They then by subscription employed a deputation to go to England to c-Tideavonr to find him out , if he was in existence ; 1 st sll to tvo cSett . The matter was not finally decided at tiie date of thc witness ' s examination . —Sec £ viekr . cc , FariU , NoMG .

      Mr . Piuxrr Siara , of Artina , near Stradone , dcpesed that but few leases arc now granted . Q'hc tesarts depend much on loan funds ana local usurers , Lotii of which arc bad , thc latter charging from Is . to 5 s . per poiir . ii interest . A similar state of things is described as existing in Ferz & aas ;!) . In the county of ltoscommon . Mr . iJsiie ; MeGaim , of Sheep-walk , gi-azicr and landa < ic- "i , savs—There is a system of paying rent by LUls ia this district The ViU is passed for three moalL ? , add * u ' . g fraiaG to 10 per cent , interest . The ssalicr tenants depend upon loan funds and local isarers . The former are ruinous , charging an ktere *; ofBearlv 20 per cent ., and causing aniniuncise less of time . The local usurers charge 2 a per cent . ; rait is recovered from defaulters by driving

      and bv eieetmont . In many cases arrears of long standicg ' are held over the tenant . There has been much consolielatioa of farms in order to make £ 10 freeholders—when a townland happened to be out of ler ^ e , n » c or six who were ntonied men were selecti-l , lhey got the kind and thc poor people lad to go , aid tiiev were located in bog ? , without any lemmieration . " The report in the coauiry was—that Jnacyefthcin dieilofa ' brokcn heart . Thc witness incw instances of it—not of a brcken heart , but they died m his ueigWiourliood , being obliged to leave tier wraBi cabias and build houses ou the road side . Coras xee nest to the labonrers . In the county of Caps it is sworn that their wages are but Sd . a day * JritHCllt jood . In Fermanagh i ' roin Sd . to lOd . a day . Ia lloscommon from 7 d . to Sd . a day , and one ¦ witness , Capt . IuxgsiosLotd , amairistrale , deposed that in some of tiie rural districts tlic wages were as low as 4 < L to 5 d . a day ! "H ' e next come to Leitrim , where JoiixDrsE , Esq ., M . D ., ofMohiU . deposed that

      lie had had charge of thc dispensary and fever hos- ; pital for twenty years . The small tcnantiy arc 50 ; per cent , worse in their condition than they were twenty years ago . Nothing can be more wretched thasthc condition of the labourers . Thc value of their labour is so reduced in price that they arc not able to pay their rents , and they arelving naked and iu suti a state that it would hanliy be believed . As a mediealman , he is obliged to visit their Louses , and mm * sees what other gentlemen cannof ^ -they have no bedsteads , they are lying on a small quantity of straw , or rushes , without bed covering—not oikj H < xrJxieansr . a dx . "When fcrcr sets in , tbe whole fernily generally take it . Latterk Lonl Leitrim has got una fever hospital—and though it decs much good , itisksuiScient . This lie deposes to be thc teneral condition of thc labouring classes . Their iet is liever better tiiaapotatoesandmilkinsunimcr —in winter no milk , but they sometimes get a herrinc , or stirabout they consider wholesome , but latterly they are cot able to tet it—farmers holding

      Tffects Of Landlordism In Ele!**^* " Hol...

      tivo acres or thereabouts ere better off—there is scner . dly a bedstead l-eservc-d for the old couple , the rest sleep on thc ground . To this state of things hcattnoiitcs thc fever t ^ 5 \ rc \ a . \ is to afti-UM c ^ ent 111 the country . JVJ 1 . 1 t a niass o ? misery is detailed in the abovcfcw extracts . Tnc farmers subjected to a rent of from 20 to 25 per cent , above the gOTcrnment valuation . j 0 make np this lt-nt compelled to liavo recourse to bds , loan lands , or local usurers—thc iiret chardiig 0 > ier cent ., the second IS per cent ., and the third 20 to i' . 3 per cent . If unable to procure this ruinous

      flcaaaniodatMi :: di-traint and seizure follows , and the poor tenant is driven to irJetrievabic destruction . - "Sometimes—indeed \ ery often—the case forms the rule rather than thc reception , —the tenant is allowed io hold his land until such time as he has made ' r . n r . i : pi-oiitablo waste profitable , and then , to enable the kmulcrd or middleman to get a higher and exorbitant tout , he { the tenant ) , wLcse skill and labour lias made the gi-ouad valuable , is ruthle-sly weeded out , to die on Iiie road-side of . stsrratioii . is there anv wonder there should be "Moslv jlnsuires ?"

      And hoy hoiieltsslr v . retched is the lot of f 3 : e labourer—Sd . a-t ' . ay , 4 s . a-weck wlicn fuliv employed , to maintain himself niui family . ' JIc woald iaia Iio . ' u r . little bit « sf earth to grow potatoes , which is often ^ together denied him , or if granted him the infamous amount of rent he is" compelled to pay leaves him well nigh as b ;; d off as if lie had not tlic land . The consequence is tbe wretchedness tSescribcil bv Air Dose , iivi » « and . Jyii : » in a state of nakedness , ' wituont deeenfc tloihing , without bedstead , without l > edcorcring , p ' gglng o . u . straw , and vegetating on the " accui-sed poiaoes . " Is tlere any wonder , wc ask again , that there should be " iioliv ilaiiuivcs V

      And despite coanty meetings aiid tile frateinisatioas of Protestant and Catholic oppressors asaiust the oppressed—despite the gathering oi' troops , the increase of the police-force , aad appointment ofcsira magistrates , the system of agrarian ien-or of which the iiiagittr ; tle Booth became tise ' vietim continues . This is fciifiieieutiy -. lio'vn in thc foikwing tstraet from the Times of Wednesday , contained in thc cominunieat'sn of that piper ' s Irish correspondent , and dated Dublin , Meiuiav : —

      STATE OF CAViS . AV . bougb there are iso funiier accounts of any actual outrages u . 'on life or propeity iu tbe disturbed districts , still a state of terrorism is represented to prevail to a racst alarming aad hitherto iminowa extent . Several of tha leading giSnlry bnvln ^ l'OC ^ lvt-1 i . rlvate aad friendly hilisaaliou that they would best consult their safety bjabandoniuij ( for a tiiae at k-a & t ) tbtir residences iu tile country , have promptly tahen the hint , and are now litctaUy iccUing refuse " m and about the v . ti « bbova-booii of Dublin . It is greatly to be feared that all the efforts of the ltoinan Catholic clergy willpiove quite unavailing to remedy ibis dreadful siafe of society , wore < 3 . a : i one of these revercad gtiitleir . eii wlio bad rendered the : nseives som-. -wbat cyiisjik-aous by tbeir deuiuieiatiur . s of tbe spreading di & ar . ' ectioii , having ban duly cautioned by the self-eltclcd legislators to beep within the strict sphere of their spiritual duties , as they ( the conspirators ) v . eretlie host judges of matters temporal . Under such circusnstiaiecsit is bard to conceive what course Covenuiteut

      can deiisa , or wiiat legifiaiirc nostrum ckk come at thc root of a disease which seems thus far to defy all reasonable hope of cure by the old and legitimate methods . Accompanying the above there is a curious decu-- > ^ - 'nieilfrom the iVcfiaaii ' s Journal , puvpertin ; " «¦ - " : *„ ., „ , "< ion from " idollv Ak-nire , " fioin to he a piv - !; - ^ ' 7 . - - extracts : —Auilrcsaiis which wo give uis io .. t ; Wi . i . ** Ler cbildren , " she says , ihere ate - -. ., A set of men called landlords , having less regarutv . you than for then- dogs , not carlr . ;; if you had not encurii of dry potatoes to eat , or abas to cover you by nisht :

      tlut a heap of manure aud a pig was your only property , and a drink of water your only beverage . I have lived to see you so reduced ; and . it is now too plain there is 110 redress for even after all the fass about the Land Commission , it now turns out to be tb 2 greatest delusion that was ever attempted on any people . I am , i :: y dear little ones , old enough to see Lord Stanley ' s humbug bill about old ditches ; it now lies with yourselves , lay dear little ones , not to starve in thc midst of plenty , and to obtain that end , and to obtain your fond mother ' s Messing , may Ibfg of you , tar dear children , to observe the following rules , viz .:

      —• ' i . Keen strictly to tbe land question , by allowing r . o landlord more than fair value for his * teuour . ' " 2 . No rent to be paid until harvest . ' " 3 . i ' ot even then without an abatement , where the

      laud is too high . ' ' 4 . So tmuermiJiiiis of teaaats , nor s ' - * . ISo tmuermijang of teaaats , nor

      sai-ki s fees to be paid . '" 5 . So turning out of tenants , unless two years' rent due before ej ectment served . " * * * # My dear children , —I have laid down tbe above rules for your guidance , and by strictly observing them yon will have the well wishes of every good man except the heartless landlord , aad by it you will be hnown to bs true sons of mine ; but lhe wretch that will violate this , my parental command , inflict on bun a salutary chastisement : but , above all , my dear little ones , the landlord

      that will treat those rules of mine with contempt , it grieves me to the heart iq bid you commit mortal sin , bnt my patience is nearly worn out ; but , before you do so , for God ' s saht , and my sake , take no life or limb without giving your victim three written warnings ; should titer not be regarded , let him that loves tbe dangerpcrisi : in it ; but I hope none will be found so obstinate , for all tbe military and police under her Majesty will not save the tip of the wretch that will have no feeling for my starving children . Attend , my dear little ones , to those rules of mine , and thc Lord will , prosper your cause , which is the prayer of your afil-ctioiiate mother , ilous JiACrrjiE .

      Maguire ' s Grove , Parish of vloone . After tills wc think there can be no mistake as to \ rhatthe "Molly Maguires" want , and why magistrate Boom was assassinated . "We shall return to this subject at thc first opportunity ; in thc meantime let us ask by what right does Major Is ' own claim thc ownership of the land at lulhnkcrc ? It appears this Major Rosin had never been seen by thc tenants—had iu ail probability never been in Ireland—was notto be found even when sought for by a deputation sent to England for that purpose . Here is complete abrogation o f the lardlord ' s moral law— " property has its duties as well as rights . " The landlord exacts enormous rents from his tenants , hut in return thc tenants can obtain no

      sort of protection from their landlord . Is this just ? Does it even accord with thc first principles of that system on which the landlords base their pretended " rights ? " Nothing of thc sort . Major Konni , whoever he may be , is aland-robberandpeoplc-pltindei-er , having no claim to soil or rent , save the claim ot usurpation , thc law of fraud and force . It affords some ground for hope that a better state cf things will vet be established in Ireland when we find it acknowledged that even the spiritual humbug of the Catholic priests is beginning to be powerless to shield the oppressors from the vengeance of the oppressed ; and when wefiud the Irish mouth-piece of the "leading journal" compelled to admit that the " old and legitimate methods" of treating the

      disease arc useless . By the " old legitimate methods " he means bayonets * and bullets , thc hulks and the gallows , aided by the threats of a p lentiful allowance of purgatory—not to say something worse—in the next world , which the Catholic priests ' arc ever ready to belch forth to serve the cause cf despotism . These good old methods , ltappears , are at a discount . " What ' s then to be done ? "Wh y , try something " illegitimate , " something just , something in accordance with thc laws cf God and nature—restore the land to the people and drivcVie plundering drones to honest labour , li thk " jnethed" was tried , " "legitimate" or "ille"itiinate" there would soon be an end to the reign of " Molly Magnire ; " King T ) . w would 110 longer 1 ) 8 able to trade on thc misery of Ills countrymen , and Peo . -would get over his " great difficulty \"

      TILE SCOTCH POOR LAW SYSTEM . Wc return to thc report of the Commissioners of Scottish Poor Law Inquiry . Passing by a deal of " feclosofieal" rubbish , we come to the commissioners' views on thc all-hnpnrtant question of relief to the able-bodied poor . The commissioners savin the case of the able-bodied poor , all that humanity or even Christian philanthropy requires to be done , is that we furnish them with flic means of developing their own resources . Wc learn , upon an authority , which , if rightly understood and applied , is no less conclusive in political economy than in religion , and the disregard of which in any relation of human life , cannot fail to be attended with injurious results , that if a n . an trill not

      wort , neitlier should he eat Thc overlooking of this salutary maxim in the provisions of statutes appointed to regulate the administration of charitable funds—a maxim , on the incontrovertible equity of which it wera mere waste of time to insist—has been proved by experience to be productive of the most serious evils in the social system . And no portion of society liaa suffered more from the baneful effects of such nejjlis «; ce than tbe labouring classes themselves , whose interests it might at first sight be supposed to favour . A correct apprehension of thc distinction above laid down , discovers to us the more prominent featurses which , in a greater or less dejree , as circumstance may permit , ought to

      characterize every system of provisions instituted for the relief of the able-bodied poor . It hence evidently appears tint thefundameutal and primary object to be constantly kept in view in the administration of relief to this class ofnooris thc industrious and profitable application of their own capabilities . The more any system of relief looks to this object , the better thc provisions made by it for tbe conservation of the poor man ' s feebngs of selfrespect , thc higher the stimulus which it applies to every nobler sympathy of his nature—in a word , thc more that it calls forth in bim the intellectual , moral , religious , and therefore , under God , self-dependent man , by so much the nearer rail it approach to pcrfiCtion . Thev conclude their argument as follows : —

      At all events , while such marked contracts subsist , and while the common view , which ascribes to tliem important bearings on sanatory matters , has not been proved to be without foundation , we cannot hold that the greater pre-vakneeof epidemical diseases in the manufacturing towns of Scotland makes out a . case for the radical subversion of the present system of Poor Laws . These laws appear to be well calcalatsd for the attai nment of their

      Tffects Of Landlordism In Ele!**^* " Hol...

      own limited object of affording a rcsoure ; to the reallv destitute , ami & f encouraging at the sa : i : c li no , bv the most powerful motives , industrious application wherever it is practicable ; anditilues sc-cin io us to be unwise to alter urn in accordance with theoretical * P ccui-tior . s , particularly wk-n other cans : * mav be assigned for thc evil , which , by fiu-h alteration , it is * proposed to remedy . It is , we apprehend , to the removal oJ ' iijyse other causes , iu as far as it may be sWlninable , more especially since their removal , even if not effectual for the particular ohjeet in -,-ltw , must yet be regarded as an unmixed good , tli . it tho attention of the legislature ought in tiie first instance to be ilii-ected . On these grounds , then , we have come to the conclusion that , with rc-lVrer . cc at least to an ordinary state of trade and manufactures , the present Poor Laivs of . Scotland , if amended as we have ventured to propose , wilt be found sufficient for their purpose , and , therefore , that relief to :: Wc- ! .-ouieii persons from funds raised by assessment is neither nceess-. iw nor csnstUoit .

      Our readers may wish to know the names of the pions gentry who cant so beautifully on iiie scriptural injunction— "If a man wiilnot work , neither should he cat . " Their names are Lords . Melville and lki .-havrx , llr . Home IJucmmoxd , and . Mr . Camviiew . ( of Craigie ) , the Rev . Mr . Patkick Macfahlasi : { of ilio West Kirk of Greenock ) , and thc ilev . Mr . RoiiititTso : ; ( minister of Ellon ) . That is , two Scotch peere , two Scotch lauded proprietors , and two Scotch priests . There was another " commissioner , " an Englishman , Edw . u : » Twistletos , ]' m "| ., barrister , but he ( thank God !) had nothing to do with tin ' s disgraceful report , except protesting against it as bcina opposed io thc evidence on which " it is professedly founded . It is , then , th- ? six Scotchmen , thc two peers , tlic two landholders , and the two priests , who have the exclusive honour of this disgraceful document . We arc sorry wc don't know the history oi these six Scotch worthies , as we doubt not the

      history of each would form a rich commentary on the text il- . ey have ro approvingly quoted . The name of Melville—connected historically as that name is with the conservation of State abuses and political corruption—is sufficientl y ominous to stand at the head of a body appointed to inquire into the necessity of reforming a rotten i-ysteni . We need net comment on the " work" performed bv landlords , and as to thc " work" performed by the lie v . P . vr Macfaklaxi :, and the Hcv . Jamie IIouebtsox , if tho value of their work was measured by its utility , the Lord pity their hungry wames ; for precious " little vouii the science of » ajitioiwmy he indebted to their labours in thc art of mastication . How true to their craft are these ministers in labouring to " make the worse appear thc better reason . " With what devotion they apply themselves to prolong the war oi classes , and perpetuate the wrongs of thc poor . How they prate of " God" and " religion , " the " social system , " and " man s independence "—

      '" Oh for a forty parson power , To sing thy praise , hypocrisy ' . " Wc are quite willing , on behalf of the poor , to nbide by thu law of thcliiblc , that " ho that will notwork neither should he eat ; " wc only require that that law shall be Mly and fairly carried out , in which case there would be but little need for 1 ' cor Laws , and few ivould be these who would need Poor Law relief . If tho text is binding upon aivy one section of thc sons of Adam it is equally binding upon . every other section . " In thc sweat of thy brow shale thou cat bread" was the doom passed upon Adam , but it was not said " one portion only of your children shall bear this ' curse' inul ail the rest be free from it , living upon the substance of the workers . " This was not said ; thc doom was passed « noii all alike without distinction . Isthe " curse " > / ¦*« >« : &* It is not . It has followed , thcrctnen so iu ..... • •" . - , - worked have never been fere , that those who - " ' . ; :. . , " ' them as thc reable to cat tho " bread" pM'Sl'set . ... . „ ., bM t 0 ward of their " sweat " -orai 1 ?& - - " " V

      ; , earn a miserable subsistence by their labour , ^ labour is so dependent upon the avaricious ami scheming caprices of thc privileged classes , that thc working men are never for long ' iegcther certain ot employment , and when employed , " thc produce oi their labour is so taxed and iik-hed from them l-y political , clerical , and profit-niongerhtg ncn-pro ' - daeers as to leave them no means " of storing up a provision against the tune of adversity . jNow , it only those eat who worked , thc wealth of thc country would 1 * enormously increased , the working classes would not have to support the idlers and plunderers who -impudently ea ) l themselves the " better classes , " and each man enjoying the fall fruits of " his own resources , " there would—as a general rule—be no need of Toor Laws . Tiiosn apologists oi wrong should be careful how they quote scripture ; scriptural texts are often like two-cu ^ ed swords , they cat both wars , and the Reverends Pat Mac-FAKiixi : and Jamie ltonEnisox should know that

      those who use the sword shall perish by thc sword . " The commissioners ainrm that the best system of Poor Laws is that which calls forth the industrious and profitable application of the capabilities of the poor . This is true ; but to insinuate that the Scotch Poor Law system does this , is glaringly take . Tho wretched state of the Sulherlandshirc poor is proof of this . All thc relief they get amounts at thc best to the means of getting a pair of shoes in which to go begging . Do the coniiiiissioiiers consider begging one of the " capabilities" of thc poor ? But Bnthcrlandshire is not an exceptional ? instance , the state of its poor is—more or less modified—that of the poor of Scotland generally ; as a further illustration take the following : —

      Okas . —The following remavhs arc made by tbe minister , and Andrew Aldeoni , JI . D ., elder : —The legal assessment for Kilmorc and Kiibride , including Obiui , was begun in October , lS-il , and discontinued in January , 1 S 12 , by the heritors , notwithstanding the most pressing destitution amongst the impotent poor ; a great many of ' them were very aged , aud several of them bedridden , Ac . The average sum actually distributed annually to each pauper by the Itirlc session for some years , excepting 1 S 11-2 , was a fraction less than 8 s . Cd . " The ordinary poor are at all times , but particularly at present , suffering a bind of slow starvation ; aud were it not for tho charitable aid of a comparatively small number of persons , who cannot bear the sight of fellow-cveatuvcs starving outright before their eyes , this dreadful process would often be more rapid . But these individuals are often forced to go far beyond what tlic-ir means will warrant hy this system of throwing the poor upon tliopooi for support . "

      Mr . Duncan Itfncarther . —He farms to some extent in the neighbourhood of Oban . His farm is so near thc town , that the poor he is in the habit of seeing chiefly belong to it . lie does not think the allowance they get from thc session is at all sufficient to keep them in life . They are chiefly supported by begging—if they were not supported in that way they must starve , as far as he can ndgc ; and he is acquainted with the expense of every article which the poor can require . What they get from the session would not beep them in coals during winter , There arc , as it were , three classes of the poor—those who cannot go about at all , those who can go about , but cauuot do any work , and those who can do a little . The first class are kept from actual starvation cli ' wfiy by thc second class , who beg for ( km . * * * The assessment that was tried fell to the ground , from some of the heritors refusing to pay their proportions , so that it had not a fair . rial .

      Andrew Aldeoni , Esq . — Practised medicine abeut eighteen years in Oban , but gave up practice some years ago . He very frequently visited the poor upon the roll when he practised in the parish , and now visits them more than ever . Not being in general practice , he has more leisure to bestow upon them when at home . * * * * The bed-ridden poor are in a very destitute state iu point of diet . The allowance they get from the session cannot be intended to maintain them , it is so perfectly inadequate ; and tb « e are very few people in Oban who are able to give in charity , and stm fewer who do give . Tin poor iclio are ci & le to go about have tickets to authorise thm to beg ; the bed-ridden have also tickets , and ( hey send their tickets round icitli some of flitir neighbours , telio bring them back what they receive on their account . The witness has tahen great pains to ascertain what a person may make by begging in thc waek , and he has never found any one make 7 d . Their receipts are generally about 5 d . It is only on Saturdays they are authorised to beg by their tickets , when they get halfpence .

      There was an assessment in the parish for the year 1811-13 . The assessment was laid on in 1 S 11 . So far as he saw , that measure improved the condition of tlic poor in tbe town , at least , for they received an additional allowance from the poor's funds ; aiid , as they were not stopped from begging within the town , they had the same allowance from that source as before , or nearly so . * * * * As a proof that the poor were better off under tbe assessment than what they weve without it , witness may state that after the distribution under the assessment ceased , in January , 1812 , threefourths of all ike bed-ridden and very destitute paupers died witliin three or four months of that time .

      The parish authorities did not take care that thc poor people who were unable to do for themselves were attended to . They never inquired after them to see what condition thoy were in . * * * A poor woman , Efty il'CuUoeh , lived with a brother , a shoemaker , seventy years of . ' -go , almost as poor as herself . She was so peer that she lay upon the fioor , on a UUte strcuv , for thirteen weeks on her dcath-bed , during v * hieh period , being from tbe time of the stopping of the distribution under the assessment till her death , she received only 2 s . Cd . from the parish .

      Here is shewn the working of the system which , according to thc commissioners , " appears to be vvoil calculated to afford a resource to the really destitute , and encourage , at the same time , industrious app lication wherever practicable ! " In the above evidence we find the poor doomed to subsist on Ss . Cu . a-year , about two-pence a-week , with thc privilege ot besgiOSTho heritors " repudiated" the miserable assessment ofscveapencein thc pound on " the ^ J }} }' and , as a consequence , the poor were left < £ slow starvation ; " the bed-ridden left to beg by proxy " ; "an old woman suffered to lie upon the floor , on a little straw , for thirteen weeks on her death-bed , during which time sho had the sum of Ss . Cd . from the parish ; and " three-fourths of all thc bed-ridden ana very destitute paupers" were killed off by starvation within threc or four months 1 Is it in Scotland cv is it in Hell where these murderous enormities fire permitted ? Alas ! there is no mistake , it i * in Scotland , that stronghold of Calvinistic cant ; in Scotland , that

      Tffects Of Landlordism In Ele!**^* " Hol...

      boasted scat of enlightenment aiid "heddikashun ;" n J f , i ¦• Jat country .. of-saints and " feciosoibrs , " ' tiuu , i , ' . c poor arc wesdod i ' rraa thu soil , kkhIc outcasts from sscieiy , and Mb to perish on twopence n-wece ; r . ml such men as priests M . icwnLisn and uOTL-nTsoxgiyc i !; eiv : ir , pvoval of the system , alfirni it wor . is well , " ilml declare iiurt ; to make any euangejexecst for the worse ) would be thc " wantonness oi innovation •" Undoubtedly a system which would enable the poor to utt themselves from tho abyss of pauperism iy the profitable application of < heir own capabilities' would be the Ijcsfc sort of Yaov Law ; but tiie commissioners propose nochinq- of the sort , thev simply content themselves with coming to the conclusion tnat " relief to able-bodied persons from funds raised b y assessment is neither necessary nor expedient . "

      Tim contemptible " amendments" suggeste d , by tiie commissioners it is not iicccssni-y wo shoiiiilcxaiiVinc , as most uf them arc embodied in the bill at present under the consideration of the legislature ; these socalled " amendments" we can therefore better discuss when considering that- measure . One , however , of the commissioners' '' siiiemiiaciits , " fo which practical effect will bo given by the Lord Advocate ' s bill , the taking - from ilTe poor the right of appeal from the decision of tho parochial managers as to the amount of allowances , is so darina ai » infamous an act of advised wrong , that WC I ' cel Cftiictl upon . tO make special reference to it . The report snvs : —

      The fixing the amount of allowances is a matter which requires thc knowledge of so many local details , so many petty circumstances , upon which a person at a distance , ignorant of the reai situation of the pauper , can with difficulty obtain accurate information , that i ; is , of all others , the point on which the parochial board alone are competent to come to a correct decision . ' Our own views are so opposed to any court of appeal as to the amount of allowances , that , instead of investin " any new tribunal or board Willi jurisdiction in such matters , we are inclined to suggest that the appeal to the Court of Session , the competency of which lias been declared only by a very recent decision of that Court , should be taken nwav .

      . ulany of those who advocate a power of appeal do not hesitate to avow their objections to the Court of Session as the court of review . In the opinion of those person . ' , to deprive file Court of Session of its jurisdiction in such cases would be vainer desirable than otherwise ; and it mtist be obvious that most of the objections to the judge ordinary or local magistrates apply with greater force to the judges of lhe Court of Session . They must have greater diliiculty in informing themselves of the real situation of tho party secliir . g relief , and in ascertaining the circumstances of the particular locality . On these grounds , we have come to be of opinion , Tltat it is not desirable that there should be any appeal from lhe decision of the parochud managers as io lhe amount oj allowances .

      Wcjirc compelled , by want of room , to let thc above pass for the present without comment . When we come to describe move fully than wc have hitherto done the nature and dctails ' of tho Lord Advocate ' s bill , wc shall shew thc " artful dodging" means the Scotch lawyer has employed to give practical effect in his bill to the shameless suggestion of the commissioner . ? . It is some consolation for us Southerner ? , that -the only Englishman amongst thc commissioners refused his signature to tho report , and protested acainst all its leading features . Tlio report , therefore , " is not a ve-iM'Uif the commissioners , ' out of & ix Scotchmen .

      all interested in upholding the existing system , or in making bad worse . The cold-blooded doctrines put forth in this report , sanctioned by Scotch lords , Scotch landholders , and Scotch priests , arc , we rejoice to know , unsanctioned bv tho » niv . r « - tif any Englishman . How much Imjf , jjj t ]; c people ot Gotland l « content to fc the tlupes and victims of the accursed doctrine that the poor have not a right to sv " * "" tcilC 0 * " tllc laiu - of tJlcu' kn ' tu ' ¦ N' thcv arereai'iythei ' nJ'dlig ^ Pco Ic they assume to be ' let them shew that thev tcu-. a 3 mli it f . Jo «• # priests-know how to read tho { oxr -J 10 tllat wd not work , neither should ho eat . "

      By a reference to our Parliamentary lntelligt'fiCO , it will be seen that amongst the govci' ? . mental measures Sir lloiiEBT Fuel ' s determined to press this session , is thc Scotch 1 ' oor Law Bill . Thc people ol Scotland , therefore , have no time to lose , if they would procure the amendment of a measure which has been truly described as " an artful contrivance for giving power to tho powerful , and throwing additional burdeks on the oppressed poor . "

      IRISH TENANTS' COMPENSATION PILL . Our readers will perceive that this bill meets with great opposition in tho House of Lords , wiio are also a house of landlords , many of them being also Irish landlords . Had thc bill been better , and more practicable than it is , this opposition Would have been the same . The truth of tho matter is , the Irish landlords have , for centuries , considered their tenants as mere serfs ; and any step to rescue them from this state of vassalage they very naturally consider , and call , an " invasion of thc rights of property ; " they being tlic only authorities as to what these rights really are . ^^ c , _ for oui ^ parts , consider the introduction of this bill into Parliament an important point ; not because wc deem the bill a good one practically , but because it embodies in a ministerial bill , for the first time , a

      great principle . In itself , as a practical measure , thc bill will fail . It cannot be worked , if passed , — A law to render rent not recoverable , except under a lease of a long date , would havo been infinitely better , because it would secure the tenant the benefit oi his outlay , and need no machinery . But as embodying a great priucirdc , this bill , we affirm , is a highly important one . When brought in , tho mover stated , in plain terms ? , that thc " monster evil" of Ireland wiis " ovjnt roruLAnoa ' . " This ho distinctly stated at setting out . lie is right—it is so ; and this bill he described as being one means to cure that evil of " over population , " inasmuch as it would go to "better the condition and means of living" of every holder of land in Ireland , from the large farmer to the poor holder of an acre or two . Here , then , wo have this

      truth at last admitted and enunciated in Parliament , that the way to check " swpluspopulation" is not to starve a people , but to feed them : to turn poor living into better living ; to change a potatoc and water diet into one of bacon and of beer . Hero wo have tossed overboard , for the first time , in open Parliament , thc absurd , blasphemous , and most ignorant assertion oiMalthus , tltat thc more food apcople havo , the faster they will increase ; and that the only check to this terrible state of things are vice , misery , absolute starvation , or the forbidding of marriage , and thc denial of relief to all poor persons , who may have married , and had children " and ultimately come to

      want . Haying thc opposite principle as a basis ( for , upon this foundation , this bill was put when brought before the Legislature ) , we hail it as a great step towards better and wiser ways of thinking on this important subject . As a practical measure , we repeat , we fear it is a mere nullity ; and wc do not believe it oan ever become law , or , if it did , be anything better than a mere dead letter . In so far , however , as it has been thc occasion for thc acknowledgment in Parliament , that the way to cure surplus population" is to better thc living of the people , and not to starve them , it has already done good service , and as such we notice it . —Tync Mercury , ¦ MIM . I I ! I ¦! I I ¦ I I I I ' II !!!¦ I "I

      Flnftjflitss, &Lt;B$Mit$, & H\Q\Mt^

      flnftjflitss , < B $ mit $ , & h \ q \ mt ^

      Desiri'ciio.N" Or A Disiilleny Nv Fiee H...

      Desiri ' Ciio . n" or a DisiiLLEnY nv Fiee hear Croydox . —Shortly before nine o ' clock on Saturday night , tlic herb distillery of Mr . J . Arthur , situate on Waddon Marsh , near Croydon , was destroyed by fire . It appears that almost simultaneously flames were discovered by several persons bursting from the body of the building , a considerable wood erection with an admeasurement of GO i ' cet by 30 , and in a very few

      minutes the whole place was in a blaze . There being at the time upon the premises several hundred gallons of spirit and a considerable quantity of essential oil , « L-c . ( amounting iu value to not less than £ 1500 ) , thc fury of thc fire was considerably enhanced ; and before any assistance could bo procured thc whole of the contents and thc building were destroyed , or rendered useless . The total damage is not precisely known ; but at a moderate calculation it is estimated that it will reach £ 2000 . How the iu'e originated is not known .

      Serious Affray ix Liverpool . —Yesterday afternoon thc inhabitants of tho lower end of Dale-street , Byrom-strcet , Great Crosshall-strcct , Lace-street , Fontenoy-street , and tho various other streets which intersect that'densely-populated locality , were kept inastateofgrcat commotion by a mob which had assembled and attacked a body of Orangemen . It appears that Orangemen to the number of 150 had been walking in procession at the funeral of a deceased brother . Thc funeral [ proceeded from New Bird-street , Toxtcth-park , the residence of tho deceased , to St . Mary ' s Cemetery ; and , alter tho deceased had been interred , thc procession was returning to the Park by Scotland-road , Byrom-strcet , and , wc believe , Dale-street . Tho Orangemen , composing it wore black sashes , tied , in some instances at thc ends with orange ribbons . When they had reached tho end ol Great Crosshall-strcct , tho crowd whicli had been accompanying them down Scotland-road was considerably reinforced by the Irishmen resident in Laco-strcet

      and other low streets in that neighbourhood . The Irishmen appear to have been the aggressive party , exasperated , no doubt , by the display of orange ribbons . A stone was thrown , and then a volley of stones followed . Thc Orangemen , who were walking two deep , and were only accompanied by about sixteen policemen , immediately'halted and made an attempt to repel their assailants . In this they were , to a ccrfwin extent successful , for they drove them up some of the adjacent streets , with ' the assistance of Hie police . The uproar , however , drew largo bodies of other irishmen to the spot , and the mob , having in tins way regained strength and courage , made tho Orangemen , after a vigorous resistance , fly before them . W « have been assured by the policemen and others who witnessed the malic , that stones and brickbats wcreflyingabout as tMckaaiuul ! iUn-ing | the greater part of thc affray . Happily , no life was lost on tho occasion , and the in ; urifls-,. 30 far as we could ascer . t-ftia * we ^ very few . * H k . Superintendent M'Donald

      Desiri'ciio.N" Or A Disiilleny Nv Fiee H...

      received a yery severe blow of a stone on thc leg , ami had to be conveyed home in a car . Inspector llibby was sir-nek in t ' .-. p , i ? . v .- ; and two or three of the i ' orcv Wore wounded slightly iu the upper pai . t of the head , When the affray had lasted abjut half an hour , thc Orangemen were induced rjuioiiy to make tlic best o . ' their way home through some of tho by-streets leading towards ' London-road ; and Air . Dowling , and very shortly after Superintendent Lcverclt , having come up with stroiw- detachments ol the police force from the neighbourhood of thc docks , the mob were overawed , and all active disturbance was from this moment at an cud . Besides the iu ' uvles a ' veady mentioned , several sancs of class wera broken , anil

      part ot a shop sign was carried away by the force with which the stones were thrown . " Mr . Bowling continued until nbor . t half-past eight in the evening tSperaniLulalo a large section ol the consiivbulary VoYce In the streets in " the vicinity , which were deiisaly ero-. vtled by the lower classes ; but about that hour a heavy -shower of rain fell which dispersed ihtm io their homes without much trouble or delay . Yi \ should not omit to mention that three ' l Ionian Catholic clergymen also remained in the neighbourhood during the evening , and used their exertion . " tii allay tiie excited feelings of the people—Liverpool Albion , Monday .

      a _ GmiMAX i ! , xi : cni & x . —STL-TioAr . n , Jiwt . 29 . — During the last ten year : -, there hnr , -,- ; r > t been any capital execution in onv city . The day before yesterday the sctiil ' old was creeled for tho decapitation ol ' u young woman named Margaret l ' udhardl , who was sentenced to death for poiswihtg her husband wiih arsenic . This act of supreme justice v . \\ s marked !> y ; i strange incident : —The execution here take * pk ... - ' e with a " sword . The culprit is placed ou Iiis knees , with a white handkerchief over his eyes ; Que of the exeeutietii-r ' s lusi & isiiis thon llos down before lhe culprit , schte . i him with hi .-: two hands by the ^ kisks ami keeps him immovably fixed to tiie ground ' , whi ! -.. t nnot-hci'liciilshim by the hair , jukI draws his head back , so that the muscles of the v . cek be extended ,

      when the executioner , wiih his sword , which h ' - ' grasps with both hands , cuts off the head . At the moment when tho latter was about to inflict the fatal blow on Margaret lludluu-dc , a uuvn rushed through the compact crowd . that surrounded the scaffold , crying out in a stentorian voice , " Stop . iio ;» . ' ' and waving at the same time over his head a whiie handkerchief , The cxcciitiimvv instinctively dropped hisarm , liisnids loosened tlievicf im , removed tho bandage from her eyes , and Margaret itiidbardt , who ( hiring those awful preparation / had exhibited a good deal of calmness , ro > e smiling , for th :- unhappy woman , as well as tltc executioner and everybody , — inchuliint lhe recorder of the Uoval Court of

      Stutlgard , who was on the platform drawing up the minutes of the execution , —believed that she had been pardoned . This , however , was not the case Thc author of thc incident wan arrotcd , and it was soon discovered that ho bad been an old servant of Margaret llndharJl ' s lather , who iuifgined that , by interrupting the execution , it would be retarded , and that the daughter of his former master would then have a chance of obtaining her pardon . After an ' literal of half an hour , which was a painful respite for Margaret ^ ltudhardt , she was again obliged to kneel , i \ iul justice had its course . The crowd , although much moved by thc spectacle , observed thc greatest order , and shortly afterwards silently dispersed .

      DREADFUL THUNDER STORMS . TF . w . iyic Stoum ix Biroiixcu . ui . —On Sunday nsgVA this town and neighbourhood were visited by one ol the most terrific fempests which have occurred in lhe recollection of the oldest man living . Nothing like U has happened since the memorable " night preceding the death of George IV . About half-pa y ; eight o ' clock distant thunder was heard in the west , and in ' fiin , ' .,-, "vu « ilf half an hour fiic tempest set in in ui me Lu . iii . i- v » . - ..... ,. . 1 I . right good earnest . 'Jt ' Jiu ! : L ' llt , lin = > io % w } W crashes of thunder , was of tlic l . ' M aw'ii ! iiOJeription ; while the rain , which fell in torrcnt , s , l ^ 'catened to deluge thc whole town and neighbourhood . In Sraailbrook-strcet , Dudley-street , Barford-aheet , Kca-strcet , Digbeth , the lower parts of Deritc-nd , and other parts of tho borough , the effects of the storm were most serious to the occupiers and owners of prope *' . ^' . Some of the streets , in consequence of the height iu ' ~ 1 ' ' ° flood , were rendered altogether impassable In mai ? y Qh them iiie wixisv wan middle deep ,

      and in more than oiiG instance lift was endangered in atfemptsto preserve property . Jt is calculated that some of thc tradesmen , in the lower' warts of tlic town ( in particular grocers ) must have It ,. ' * ; to "Kj amount of hundreds of pounds by the sudden al - destructive inundation . The devastation cecasionci . by this awful tempest was not confined io Birmingham . It extended miles around thc town . At Mo .-olcy , llarbone , King ' s-heatli , Salt-ley , Handsworth , and other hamlets in the vicinity , the like consequences were felt . It is stated , moreover , that at Studley and lledditch , in the immediate neighbourhood of the seat of Sir Francis Gcodricke , still move disastrous consequences have resulted . The truth of this statement 1 cannot nt present ascertain ; but it is satisfactory to know that at Birmingham , although much property is destroyed , no life has been lost . This fortunate result is ' so far a matter of congratulation .

      Awfvi . iSToiui at tNoTTiXGiiAM . —On Sunday night last . Nottingham and its vicinity was visited by one of the most extraordinary storms , which have happened for a considerable number of years past . Thc weather during the day hail been , on the whole , very fine ; and there was a total absence of that oppressive closeness which is usually the precursor of th under . A t a little before sunset there was sc . ircc-l y a cloud to be seen , but shortly afterwards it dense mass gathered near thc south-western horizon , and flashes of sheet-lightning ' streamed forth in quick succession . As the darkness advanced , these electric discharges followed each other still more rapidly , until at length the heavens from the north to the south were completely illumined as with fireworks . At about ten o clock it commenced raining ; and thc shower , which lasted till nearly eleven , was one of

      the most heavy known for a long period . The lower parts of thc houses in Narrow-marsh ., thc Meadowplats , and other similar situations , were completely deluged , and the damage done will amount to several hundred pounds at the least . A double brick wall at Messrs . Fisher ' s factory was washed down , and other similar injuries arc quite common in various parts of thc surrounding country . Atthe Milton ' s Head Inn , on the Derby-road , a man named Alfred Greenwood , of Radford , was struck blind . A surgeon was instantly fetched , who bled him and administered other remedies , lie was soon after removed home , and since then to thc General Hospital , where he has received thc unremitting attention of the first medical practitioners in thc town . We understand that he has since been enabled to see a little , and that hopes arc entertained that his sight will be ultimately restored io him .

      Terrific 1 huxber-stouji ix WoncESTi-msiimE . —An awful -thunder-storm visited the county of Worcester on Sunday last ( July 6 ) , and did a great deal of damage to the agricultural produce The storm appeared to come from thc south-west , whence dark masses of clouds floated , hurried over the land , deluging thc earth with rain and hail . Thc lightning flashed continuously , and peals of thunder succeeded in terrific rapidity . The storm was most severe about the eastern boundary of thc county ; and at Evesham and Pcrshorc great damage was done to thc garden crops , the corn , grass , & c ., by the hail , which fell very heavily . A great number of trees were levelled to thc ground by thc sweeping hurricane which accompanied the storm , and there has been very considerable destruction of class in the

      hothouses , conservatories , and private dwelling-houses . Next day tli » rivers of tho county—tho Severn , the Avon , and the 'feme—rose considerably from the effects of thc previous day ' s storm . Wc have not heard of the loss of any lives . TiiuxDiin Storm . —About twenty minutes to four o ' clock on Monday morning tho town of Erith was visited by a rain and hail storm , accompanied by thunder , which greatly alarmed the inhabitants . At the time mentioned the thunder was heard at a distance , and as it approached was accompanied with largo drops of rain . In the course of a few seconds a shower of hailstones descended , which continued from five to ten minutes , and was immediately followed by torrents of rain . Thc hailstones in " some places were the size of marbles , and did an immense

      ( leal of damage amongst the hot and green houses . In Lord Sayo and Scle ' sgrounds there were upwards of 4000 panes of glass broken , and tlic frait damaged which will cost from £ 200 to £ 300 to repair . TliVXDER AXD HAIL-STORM IX DoHSliTSIllKE . —• On Sunday , the Gth inst ., about half-past fire in thc afternoon , a violent thunder-storm , attended with a heavy fall of hail , or rather ice , took place in thc neighbourhood of Frampton and Sydling St . Nicholas , in the county of Dorset . The lumps of ice averaged , perhaps , about an inch in diameter , but there wore many of a much larger size ; and ono was measured , which was upwards of two inches across in thc loagest part . They were very irregular in shape , generally resembling the fantastic forms which glass is apt to assume when run through a fire , some of them presenting a surface of jagged spikes , and others of small globules , like common hailstones partially melted and then frozen together again . Tho force with which they fell did not appear to be very great ,

      and as their fall only continued lor a few minutes , but little damage resulted from it . TiioxDER Storm at York . — On Thursday week York and its neighbourhood were visited with a violent thunder storm , accompanied by very heavy rains . An ash tree was struck by lightning at Sand Ilutfon , and a cow , which was sheltering under it , was killed on the spot . A considerable quantity of bark was stripped off the tree . Tkmvest ix Suffolk . —This town and neighbourhood were on Sunday last visited with a severe tcmpest , which commenced about ton o ' clock in the evening . At Monks Eleigh tho liehtning sot fire to a barn , the property of the late Mr . Strutt , which , we understand , was comp letely destroyed . About a hundred and twentv coombs of wheat in straw were consumed . The Brent , Eloign , and Bildestone engines were quickly upon tho spot , and by their timely assistance prevented any further damage being done

      I! Ii]Rm. Iiim!(Gn ^ , ..

      i ! ii ] rM . IiiM !( gn ^ , ..

      Lo.Vnos Cofin' Exciiasgk, Moxpav, T'Cxv ...

      LO . VnOS COfiN' EXCIIASGK , MOXPAV , t'CXV V ' . ~ w ' . C arrivals of wheat coastwise weresmaiiias ; wet ! :, ami tho * : of Kudish bariev and oafs very scanty . 1-Von-i Scotland the receipts of all art ich' -j were trnu : ^ , ouj from Ireland a fair qua : in-y of eat ;; ear . ; c to ham ! . Ofb » . v ;! - < and peas the supnlk' 3 were of !!;• . same milked character as has been the <• : ;!» for . c : uo tirtift back . From iho Continent only a mcxliTaicvjUmitity « f wheat , barley , and oats wiw received , a :. d from Cv ^ ivki n ? 0 i b . vivk : ; 5 . v . ir . Ai this morning ' s marke t , there wag a scanty show of whvat bv laud carriage from the home cotiiiiie ; - ; of kirlrv , bc-a ::--, ami peas thc display uf simmies -v ; w triiiii !^ , and ilieiv wen * not many oats iVe < h m > . The weather has ken hot ami iyrr . ii- ; shiee i- 'ridav , which has some iaiUwace on business at Mark-June f o-dav . Wheat was taken i >\?

      wii . ! eai ' . >! oii , i ' , iuiiioL-v , 'i ( :: 5 t : ijidi ; ii . ''thcs ! iO"t ! iCft > e"ii : ie ^\ ' . tit , von ! isle . faclo : ' . < wcr ( . uu : i ' i ! -. 'toi . 'i > :: ' . i ; : hither prices than on Monday l ,- ? t , the trifling im ; Tiiv ; ' -iie . ifc oi i ) ednesday being barely HininLuuei ! . l : t freis ferei :. " . ! wheat there was scarcely ativfliiii ! : iluim- ; . ami q .: iiii . iie ; : s lrainijied nominaih- ju ^ kercd . ilciided paiveU were also negknai . ' l"i . nr hu : ;? ratherheavily on hatnl , but sei ' t- ; -- - - ivniaii-ed !< : :: ¦ ' . and the . sties mads were nt jnovi i ' . ij vriiv .- "To 'i-. 'eiiry tor bnrlrv wn ? of a strictly retail chi ' " rr . ctci . ' anll Lionel the ti-niicucy was upward ;; , pi-hos wr . j not

      actually higher thnr . on this day ss ' iud / itt , Midi was taken to a moderate extent ; - . t former rates , " i ' lsu prinei pal dev . ' . evs bought eaf . i very cautious ' ; . - , r- 'ipretingtoiit ) l ; i .-l- . or when ike lay i ' -n ; .: -, !<}' rijine - -Villi ! cargoes lately received J ' rmii I ' t'cland and abroad * all haye expired . The trade was coitfieiiue ' . ' . tl ; - ' (' . »;! an prices quite CM , P ' . rqr . Wow tho / ecirri . ' :- ! vn ' iienday b- . ^ t . ' iieansand peas-, though not much scur . ht ai ' ies-, eonuuaiuic-d fully former vatw . Cannyy « c . ! ws ; s i .-.- iu with more firmness . In oilier Usndi cfs-eul t . - . tro was very little passing . cnuiiaiT vric-es op cn . ir ** , run viv :: iu . \ 7 i

      0 , 1 AllTKi ' . —lJdl' f ' i . s s s a ffhciit , Ess ' . * , . ' c Kout , new . '; old rsri •!¦! 30 V ,- | i-: ; B - ' ,: > fis — Xoi-r . il ' iaiid j / iiiciji . '» -: ? " J T / tint ii' ' jC >" urihuin . ur ., 1 Sc « teh wui-. u-il "s Vi «» -,: ! 55 —JrW * red old 0 0 l ! t- il -J-l-IS White ! 3 4 'J Hve Old ? -l S 2 Kmr i : i Si ) V-ru ;* : ;; ?' , Ikr .-lfv Grinding . . ' . - - "i - . ' 7 I'i ; - !;! . W > M Sin ! :, -j l : : •„' lla . ! : J ! i-.. w : i .... . ;¦ ' ill r .-. ia i . r , - , ' . ) v , V . v i ,-- ! ;;•_• Bi : » ns TivViSuid & mv . 'Sfi -iT llniw . i '& i ; -0 Ph . w .-.-. -li -i-j I ' esio Orvv- w > yiS llyr-li ¦ ' SS iVj . ; :-,. : •; -m Outs J . iKo . h-. s & Yoi-iisll 5-o lVcd ' - -J ' . 'I IVjlanil'J ; in Sviouih An /;> .: s ¦ !¦ - , 'X Y .. i : i \ u is i' > Irish Yi " li ; its - J ) il lllai-k Ml iJ Per : '> '' ; * : b . net . s s I Per 2 B 0 ii > . not . a s Town-v . ' . ade Fluur . . , « ir , j XarloVn & Stwhu . n : : ; Si Essex aud Kout . . . . 3 j tid j Irish as - ;(;

      Tree . LV . id Foreign . s s * & V . 'heat , Ji .-. iitsiV , K ., ii-: . ^ burg , Ac ;"• ; o . ) io •;; : liar ' -ia , iVtclilrnburg J , - . ' y , :.. ; U ) J ' aiii . ' . h , lTi » i ..-: ei : i , anil I ' i " ft .-hi : id red 44 iC , ¦ ; $ ;' z Ku .-. thu ! , jl . 'ird 4 i -iG Soft ... it :: ! -Jv SSI Itaihin , Hud . . 47 -IS White ... SI 52 oi ' ¦>* Spanish , Hard . ll ! -J 8 f - ' -. i ' t .... 45 "> ' ; il :-:-t live , Haitic , Jh-icd . . . . i 3 : ;« Uudrir-il . . . -: : ' . ) ;•_> - ; Jhiricy , (; - . 'i : n : i : ; s , i > . 20 j . itiitlni : . . 1 3 12 31 . : i " 3 .. .: > ii ;; , Ticks . . 34 Sii i ' syptiiiu . ;;¦¦ : ; . ; , ; -.. : y . \ rVas , WUho . , S 7 iJi > lUr ^ lu . . Kit ;"; 7 t-sJ ») Oats , Dnteh , ltvowandTlii-jIi ' ' ;¦! 25 2 ft 21 Russian feed , 20 ' .- ' . U 1 <> Danish , Pi'ieshir . d feed 20 22 is 1 " Flour , pur barrel ' ; 3 'j ? in

      l . osiics ? JiiTiiriEi . D C ' aittj ; iU ' . r . iu . i , Mo . ' iBAV , Ji-iy 7 . —In t he past wr c . \ " tiie imports of live stock ft t-in abroad fi . r turmarke ! have bent a ^ ain extensive , thiyli . 'iving' fiiiu uiitctl to 20 estn per tie John Lull , firm Hamburg ; 110 exen and uws per the Oiv :. ne , Ihitavia , and Cttan tlc . - . r .-c-jr , fius Kflk >> '; j ; i ; while 20 can have r . riivid ;;! f-Li-thtv : p ! ni frciu IJV ' iiitt , i-. nd'iGOoxcniicv . i Ilin . U . ie vm \ l ; otlcri ; f : 5 ** , at Jit-.: ] . Thc fact of ire ? h in-j titaiioiiS ittl-ii-t : riacc friin Spin has iiajuraljy f . jtiad . i . t ! mwli \ f ti Q r : " ! ' ! ui . iiy 6 i u : c jtiajiu-rsiiiU ! oll'irij ic « ¥ ; ' r ; l ; ' : ; ri " n what ccr . ilitioii thi-y have ct . n : e to l . T . r . d ; v . o i : i ' . vc to oUtive , theri- ' orc , lhat-the SiiBiiish Ira :. is en ( Jl ' cr i l ; . -it moiiiiiig , in l'xmber 13 , v . tie cfveiy litiddiii . g < it' . alilv , , 11 . ( 1 aa , Vv . ch . were dif post d ci ' r . t < c mparr . iivcly

      low f . gm oh .. As fo the i-tcik li wn 1 iniv . / uie , it , was by r . o means first-rate , but ik ix-v , i . j . d Ccv . k ficiif IkttcuVni were very peed r . - .-d v . sci ' v . 1 animals , r . iul f ' cuiul buyers at , wc sl' . oufd nnatir . e , n-nmr . orative onoiatiens . The Lulloclt diovis , fvoh up fitm cur various frazing ( iisfriefs , ncio t {] i ;( v ; l :. " . t in the increase , though by r . o means s-cascfllv hixc . hi quality—as we some time snccMr . tcd vitu'd ' te the ca ; c a brut iiis j-civ . d—thc-ic w ; -. « a drchitd iirrj'C ' t'Cmonl } jv . dccd , r . c inr . y tbcivc ti-Ut . the " Uf . its , f tncrnlly ; pea ] : h ; g , wt-rc in r . c v . ay i * cf * clci . t in iittir haitdlii . j ; poinis ; while not nilw ofilam were ] . c <\ Yy wtighc-is . In ( cnuqncncc d" li . e \ inaiii :- w . iim wsatkr , f . r . d the thin r . tUr . ti ' . iuo if Ik-li .-iu-. ti . c (' cn :. ud fcr nil hiiii ' s ( f beef wr . s 1 r ;; vy . ; , { r , duiir . u in ihc ivitis cLtained ci ; J . 'tr . iVy hi' ci " V . uiu 3 . 1 per Sib , —the j . -rJir . « t Stols ie ]]] i g wifli ( ' : i ; i : ( i . ;; y hi is 'hi to ^ s id ]' cr Gil ' , and a c- ' raiMfe va .-l r . oi I'fi ' c-efcd . 1 ' ieni Koi i ' tih , t ' . il . hlh , Y jsa ? . ti . d

      Cambridge ! -hive , we mtivcO * f 0 Stole . I . ( r .. ! . i . iCtiy , aiHli-hcrt-l . cjiifi ; inn : lie j . tiih cf Kr . ph . i-. - ! . CCO shcrt-hci'iis , Ac ; 1 uni t ' i . c vtricin ai . Vi niidiand districts , 4 C 0 ilercferti ? , ir . i . i ; : , Lcvu ;; : , At .: iuin other rails of England , J'Ow " varitn ? Lrttts : and fieiii Scctiand 310 hoiicii ainl i < i . cii , ? tcts . i- ' ) tlii Ktrfolh ai : dtl crxitltoi Erjihy . d . ir . f-luitii g 3 . t , ' ctstcrf-hire , fiiclccu ' pfsef ' fiitcp wno us ticr .. ' ucf . ? . o . :: r . d of somewhat improved ftivaiily . i ' lcin il e estiMS before ir . iiitkr . id thc iiuitfin ' fiaiic x >; . y in a very sluggish itate , t . v . A jsts-t vtck ' s irites who with difficulty fiipprrlcd . The nuvilir ( . fh . ml . s was i . ot lar ! . e ; nhile thc Irmb trade n \ kd \ nhh at i ' ui ' . y , hit at ijciliiiig quctabic Lcyoi . u the ciuiencits cbiniiieil on thk dsy so ' niiij ; lit . C « lv « swnvin j . f . id supply , but met a dull inquiry , r . t barely ttaiid .-aiy \ ilas . In pigs only a limited business ' was t ' oing , yet the- iatcs were supported .

      By tho quantities of 81 b ., siuhir . g the ( . f . al . T , . s . ti . p . iinferior coarse beasts ... 3 0 " - < Second nuality .... « s S 10 Prime large oxen .... -1042 IVimcSi-ots , il-c 4 4 4 C Coarse inforior sheep . , . 3 2 at Second quality .... S S 4 ¦* Prime coarse ivooilcd ... 4 G 4 8 l ' l-hne Southdown ... -l l « o u J-a mhs ...... 5000 Large coarse calves .... , 'i S i ' & Prime simill 4 C 4 10 Suckling calves , each . . . 13 0 SO O Lurgehogs 8 0 $$ Neat small perkors ... 3 10 4 2 Qmu-Ksr-old store i . i « s . eaoh . . 1 C 0 20 O

      11 KAD ur CATTLE OS SALE , ( From the Books nt ' lhe Clerk of the Ma rkci . ) Beasts , 2 , 500-Sheep and Lambs , 28 , 0-10—0 alves , 2 S 0—Pigs , i'SO . UiciiMosn Conx Maukkt , Satukdav , Jci . y 5 .- ~? . ' e had a thin supply of grain in our ir . arhet tc-d .-iv , and tho sale only dull . IVJic-at sold from Cs . toYs . Cd . ; oais 2 s . !) d . to Ss . id . ; barley Ss . fjd . fo 4 s . ; beaiw 4 s . Cd . to 'Is . 9 d . per bushel .

      MAXcnr . STF . n Cons Maiikm , Satit . day , Jn . v 5 . — The weathertliroiiphcutthewct-lc has been e . veecdingly showery and unsettled , which eimnustaucc rauscil some apprehensions of injury to thc crops . There was , in consequence , more disposition shown to purchase flour , and a fair anisunt of business was transacted in that article , at an improvement on the previous currency . Oats and catir . cal wore but , in moderate request , without change in value . The weather proving fine during our marhct flu ' s mornii : g " , there was not much activity in thc inquiry for wheat , holders , nevertheless , firmly demanded an advance of Sd . to 4 d . per 70 lbs . en the rates of thisilay so nnhjhf , and wc raise our Quotations accerdin ; ly . Flsur , on thc contrary , met a tolerably free sale , a :: d prime fresh qualities readily roalisod an anientbnuit of fully la . per such' . Both oals and oatmeal moved off rather slowly , but no change in prices can to noted .

      r Lin ; nroor . C ' oit . v Markbt , Mox p av , Jci . v 7 . — The arrivals of grain , meal , and flour this week comparatively arc small . On 1 ' onign beans the duty is reduced to 4 s . ( id . per quarter , which forms the only alteration since our last report . The weather during the week has been of a variable character : We havis had frequent heavy showers with strong winds , ami two or three days fine and warm . Cur wheat tradehas consequently derived more firmness , and , having ; some- buyers from a distance , the business in both British and bonded has been of importance , at advancing prices . Several samples have been withdrawn from present sale . Sack flour has also had a better demand , and at improved rates . About 1000 barrels

      united States sweet Hour , in bond , have changed hands at 10 s . Gd . per barrel of ISO lbs . The demand for oats and oatmeal has been quite limited ; but holders of cither article do not lower their pretensions , and no alteration in value lias occurred . As regards barley , beans , and peas , very little has been done in them , aud last week's quotations are repeated . Livehpool Cattle Market , Monday , July 7 .- « * » Ve have had a larger supply of cat tie at market today than of late , with a brisk demand for mutton anel Lamb . Beef met with duil tale . Beef , Bid to 6 *< l ; mutton , 6 'dto 02 d ; Iamb , C'dtoC'dpcrlb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 30 th June to the 7 th July : —Cows 1 S 07 , caires ' 43 , sheep 0513 , lambs 1957 , pigs 3577 , tees 39 .

      Ionic Cons Market , Satl * bdat , Jcxy 5 . —We have had a great deal of rain during the week , and tbe advance of 2 s to 0 s at Wakefield yestcrtlay has caused our farmers to bring fresh samples to market this morning ; but they are asking such high prices , that nothing but needy customers have been purchasers , consequently but very little dono . The advance obtained on wheat will be about Is per load . All other articles withoutaltcrntion . _ Tuatve o p Maschesteu . —Tho yarn market continues in thc same stato iw for tiro or three weeks past . The spinners being nearly working to order , there is scarcely any business done for immediate delivery ; but exporters arc still desirou s of making contracts—in some cases extending to thc terminal tion of tho shipping season ; and prices remain exceedingly firm . In goods thero is rather more business doing , and manufacturers , in some cases , arc asking a slight advance , —ibneteMtr Guardian ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 12, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_12071845/page/7/