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      October 11, 1851. , The Northern Star. 3

      October 11 , 1851 . , THE NORTHERN STAR . 3

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      A S03& Op Welcome To Kossuth. Bi Gesald ...

      A S 03 & OP WELCOME TO KOSSUTH . Bi Gesald Mabset , Author of "Voices of Freedom , " & c , dsc There's not a breathing of the common wind Tha t will forget thee ; th » u hast great allies ; Thy friends are exultations , agonies , And love , man ' s unconquerable mind , ' a tmVa * aeh natriot sire and son ,

      And join us heart and hand ; To welcome Treedom ' s glorious One Within our fatherland I He needs no proud triumphal arch—Xor banners on tha wind— ' ¦ - In hearts that beat his triumph-march , Our Kossuth ' s , fitly shrined ! We meet htm here , we greet him herewith Love ' s wide arms caress him ! And Sings have no such welcome dear , As Kossuth hath : Godbksshim .

      He rose like Freedom ' s morning star , Where all was darkling dim—We saw his glory from afar , And fought in soul for him I Brave Victor ! how his radiant brow King * d Freedom ' s host like Saul : And in his crown of sorrow now He ' s royalest heart of all ! We meet him here , we greet him herewith Love ' s wide arms caress bim ! . And Kings have no such welcome dear , As Kossuth hath t God bless him .

      Ay , English hearts thro proud tears gush With g lory at his name-. Whose brave deeds made the ronsed blood rush Along our veins like flame : We cheered him ' mid his hero-strife—And in his presence met . We'll show the world that noble life Lives in Old England yet I We meet him here , we greet him herewith Love ' s wide arms caress him ! And Kings have no such welcome dear , As Kossuth hath : God bless Mm .

      His Hungary billows o ' er with graves Of Martyrs not in vain : See what a golden harvest waves Its fruit of that red rain 1 Again his conquering sword shall glare The Despots' splendour dim : And palsy strike the arm that dare Hot strike a blow for him J We meet him here , we greet him herewith Lore ' s wide arms caress him ! And Kings have no such welcome dear , As Kossuth hath : God bless him .

      Ring out , exult , and clap jour hands Free Men and Women brave-Shout Britain ! shake the startled lands With "Freedomfor the Slave I " Come forth , make merry in the sun And give him welcome due ; Heroic hearts have crown'd him one Of Earth ' s Immortal few J We meet him here , we greet him herewith Love ' s wide arms caress bim 1 And Kings have no such welcome dear , As Kossuth hath : God Mess Mm ,

      Jrhymes Asb Reasons Against Laxdloiidlsm...

      JRHYMES ASB REASONS AGAINST LAXDLOIiDlSM . ZEE FABES . The noble Paris of England , — with all their clumps of green , And dips of knee-deep grassy land The graceful slopes between , Their beeches—silvered by the breeze-So stately to be seen , Their bird and squirrel palaces Built high in oaken screen : The grand old Parks of England , — With their ancestral mien , Their avenues where Sidney plann'd His pastoral serene , And their pleasant leaf-strewn terraces Whence the level sun is seen Flinging over the miles of trees Its glorious golden sheen :

      Those Parks , despite their beauty ' s worth , And memories proudly worn , 2 fo ralue less than common earth Tbat grows the peasant's corn ; We'd raze their bowers and plough them o ' er , Ay I " confiscate" the best , Ire one of England's Martyr Poer Should hunger unredressed . It need not be : there ' s room for both The means for man to live And all magnificence of growth The Beautiful can give . Our Parks we yet shall live to see Tbe Nation ' s own domain , When Labour ' s daily path shall be Across the sward again . From tho "English Republic . "

      DEMOCRATIC PERIODICALS . The English Republic . For October . London : Watson . The Operative . Part IS . London : Victors . The Christian Socialist . PartII . London : Bezer . These periodicals represent -with great ability different phases of the political and social movement , among the intelligent and reflective

      working classes in this country . Their circulation may he limited , as compared with the deleterious trash and really dear penny -worths with which certain publishers—intent only on making money—pander to the passions and tbe ignorance of the multitude , and deluge tbe market ; but , inasmuch as intelligence and moral power must always in the end gain the ascendancy , the appearance of each publications must be accepted as the guarantee of a steady and progressive mental and moral revolution among tbe masses .

      The character and objects of tbe English Republic have been frequently described by us in former notices . It is ultra-republican in p rinci ple , earnest in spirit , and lofty in tone . That it should , therefore , deal with great questions in a manner not likely to secure the assent of quiet reformers— * practical men of the world —who are prepared to take instalments , and rub on with the existing system as they best can , is a matter of course . But it is not by such men that great and beneficial Changes are made In societ y J and li is well that , in the midst of our smooth

      conventionalities and jog-trot common places , there should be heard such trumpet notes aa those of Mr . Linton to remind us , that before Eight can subdue Might a terrible and a trying battle most be fought , and to breathe into the hosts of Democracy that self-sacrificing and devoted spirit , by which alone victory can be obtained . The present number opens with a continuance of the articles by M . Mazzini , which gave such a peculiar value to the periodical ; and this is followed by a series of vigorouslywritten papers , on important topics . As specimens of the contents—besides being extremel y interesting in themselves—we give the

      following extracts : — THE SEPTEMBER UA ^ ACRSl ( Abridged from CarlyleJ " It Is unfortunate , thousft very natural , that the history of this period has generally beea written in hysterics . — atoms Carlisle , , . Two great movements : a rushing against domestic traitors , a rushing against foreign despots . The country is in danger : in danger , truly , if ever country was . Arise , 0 Country ! or be trodden down to ignominious ruin . Say , * r ? not , ™ chances a hundred to one that no r ising of the country will save it : Brunswick , the emigrants , and feudal Europe drawing nigh ? More desperate

      posture no country ever stood in . Longwi , onr first strong place on the borders , is fallen "in fifteen hours . " Brunswick is at Verdun . - Verdun surrendered . Eighty thousand of the invading army , sworn to rescue or revenge the usurper , advance from stage to stage : who shall stay them ? covering forty miles of country . Foragers fly far ; the Tillages of the north-east are harried . Brunswick ' s manifesto offers no very pleasant " terms " to the patriotism ^ of Paris . It is the 2 nd of September when rumour of the fall of Verdun is in Paris . On the moment huge placards are plastered to the walls ; at two o ' clock

      tuestorm-bell shall be sounded , the alarm-cannon Sred ; all Paris shall rush to the Champ-de-llars and have itself enrolled . Unarmed truly , and undrilled ; but desperate , in the strength of frenzy . Tbe very women offer to mount guard . Terror is in these streets of Paris ; terror and rage , fierce desperation rushing to battle ; mothers , with streaming eyes and wild hearts , sending forth their sons to die . Terror itself has become courage ; for Dantonhas spoken for all : —It would not do to quit Paris and fly to Saumer ; they must abide by Paris and take such attitude as womld put their eneouefl"lnfear . " "It is not the alarm-cannon that

      Jrhymes Asb Reasons Against Laxdloiidlsm...

      we hear ; it is the pas-de-charge against our enemies . To conquer them , to hurl them back , what do we require ? To dare , and again to dare , and evermore to dare . " But la-Vendee is rising at our backs—eight thousand peasants at Chatillon , for a beginning : the loyal ( which should have been patriotic ) warmth of a simple people blown into flame and fury by theology and seignorial bellows . Treason is manifest enough . Are not thirty thousand aristocrats within our own walls , of whom but some hundreds are yet in prison , to be tried , perhaps yet to escape ? If not thirty thousand , yet more than it were wise to have in our rear , whether we advance , or only man the walls . Shall we be content to take the horses out of noble carriages , cutting the traces , seizing them by tbe bridle , that they may draw cannon ; and shall we leave the nobles to sit there plotting ? Think somewhat of this among your defences .

      It is the 2 nd of September . Through this Pans , frenzied with its agony , of frantic enrolments , of mothers' tears , and soldiers' farewell shoutings , while the tocsin is pealing its loudest , some thirty priests , who had refused to swear to the Constitution , men openly disaffected , fare in six carriages along the streets from preliminary detention at the Town Hall toward the prison of the Abbaye . Tbey pass through the excited multitude : what else but curses could greet them on their way ? Accursed aristocrat hypocrites , this is the pass ye have

      brought us to . Men mount even on tbe carriage steps ; ever the reproaches grow more vehement . Pull up the carriage Winks \ Sot so ; yon shall sisten to us . One of the prisoners strikes the hand that is on his blind ; that not sufficing , smites , with his cane , the uncovered head sharply , and again more sharply , as he would smite a dog . It is perhaps only a poor man . Next moment the carriages are locked and blocked in raging tumults . The thirty priests , all save one , are massacred at the prison gate .

      ! This sudden thunder-burst once over , a strange court of justice , or call it court of revenge and wild justice fashions itself in the Abbaye prison , and takes seat round a table , with the prison registers spread before it . The like is done at La Force , at the Chatelet , in all the seven prisons of Paris ; unwonted wild tumult howling all around . Swift ; a name is called ; bolts jingle , a prisoner is there . A few questions are put ; swiftly this sudden jury decides : Royalist plotter or not ? Clearly not ; in that case let tbe prisoner be enlarged , with 7 i « e la Nation . Or be it yea ; then still , let the prisoner be enlarged , but without Vive la Nation ; or else it may run , let the prisoner be conducted to La Force . At La Force again their formula is , let the prisoner

      he conducted to the Abbaye . — " To La Force , then ! " The doomed man is seized , conducted , not into La Force , but under an arch of wild sabres , axes and pikes . So at the prison gates corpse falls on corpse , and blood runs down the kennel ; men horribly disfigured with many wounds , gbastly as if they had fallen nnder the sabres or the cannon of a Gastlereagh or a Cavaignac . Man and woman : like the orderly established Gallows , the People ' s wrath spared neither the brave , nor the beautiful , nor the weak , provided they are proved to be traitors . Yet the wild rage is measured . During the hundred hours of execution , from Sunday till Thursday evening , the circuit of King Louis' prison Is guarded by a tricolour ribbon . There are p :. rdons and acquittals too . Old Marquis Cazotte is doomed to die ; but his young daughter clasps him in her arms : the heart of the killers

      themselves is touched ; the old man is spared , In tCH days more a Court of law condemned him , and he had to die elsewhere . Old M . Sombreuil also had a daughter : —My Father is not an Aristocrat : O good gentlemen , I will swear it , and testify it , and in alljways prove it ; we are not , we hate Aristocrats . ' * Wilt thou drink Aristocrats' blood ?" The man lifts hlood ( if Rumour can be credited ;) the poor maiden does drink . " This Sombreuil is innocent then 1 " Tes indeed . The pikes rattle to the ground , there aro bursts of jubilee over a brother saved ; and the old man and his daughter are clasped to bloody bosoms , with hot tears , and borne home in triumph of " Vivo la Nation , " the killers refusing even money . Does it seem strange this temper of theirs ? It seems very certain , well-proved by Royalist testimony in other instances , and very significant . So far our historian .

      And here are extracts from the notes of one who was undeservedly acquitted ; which may show the character of the tribunal . In his own words : " Behold me baled before this swift and bloody judgment bar , where all resources of ingenuity became null if they were not founded upon truth : . ' . . ' My name is Jourgmac Saint-AIeard , an officer . ... I am accused of editing the Journal «• De la Cour et de la Ville . " Bat I hope to prove the falsity . ' . . . * You tell us you are not this and not that : what are you then V— ' I was an open Royalist . ' There was a general murmur ,

      which was appeased by another of the men . ' We are not here to judge opinions , ' said he , 'but to judge the results of them . ' . . . ' Yes , Messieurs , ' cried I , ' always till the Tenth of August I was an open Royalist . Ever since the Tenth of August that cause has been finished . I am a Frenchman , true to my country , 1 was always a man of honour , ' etc . . . . The President , this cross-questioning being over , took off his hat , and said— ' I see nothing to suspect in this man ; I am for granting him his liberty . Is that your vote ? To which all the judges answered : ' Yes , yes ; it is just . '

      Thus Jourgniac escaped from the September Massacre , otherwise called Severe Justice of the People . " Divine Wrath against Scoundrels . " Others also " escaped . " During the four days one thousand and eighty nine—neither more nor less—of whom two hundred and two were Priests , were executed . Horrible indeed I whether we call it massacre , justice or revenge . And yet three years later General Bonaparte in , not one hundred hours , bnt one hour , blows two hundred men into fragments ; and it is not called horrible , because ——Perhaps smoe peace man will tell us . Or some friend [ oi «* order may compare this September " massacre" or " wild-justice , " with the following ! from an official naper , of Pesth no further back

      than September 1 st , 1 S 5 U " The 9 fcb , ult : at dawn , the regular pillage began . The signal was given with trumpets ; the plunder was granted to every regiment by turns . Af ter a regiment bad plundered it was recalled and relieved by another . The Russians not Only plundered , but flogged the citizens indiscriminately . The latter plundering regiments tore the boots from the feet of the inhabitants , and stripped them of their clothes , leaving them scarcely a shirt . The last band , furious at finding no more valuables , committed the most atrocious cruelties ; they demanded money , and , as the inhabitants had no money to give them , they were tortured . The officers plundered with the privates . The last

      regiment came armed with bars and perches and destroyed everything which could not be carried away . Hot a chair , not a table , not a door remained unbroken ; they cut the feather-beds and flung away the feathers ; they carried away in waggons the contents of the premises ; they bonnced open tbe cellars , drank as much as they could , and when they could drink BO luOrO they broke the barrels that the wine might TUtt Out . In their intoxication they committed such beastly excesses that even the Russian officers , unable to restrain them , lamented the misfortunes of the citizens . There is no pen io describe the dreadful fate of the women ; no age was spared by the intoxicated ruffians . The plundering lasted the

      whole day ; the town was during this time , always surrounded by the Russian army , nor issue granted to any one . " Or why go so far from home , when two millions of onr Irish neighbours have been massacred by Governmental Famine in the last ten years ? No kennel rnnningwith blood , but bloodless corpses , famished and fever-stricken , scarcely less horrible ; and tbe massacre lasted , not only four days , w : th 2 o 0 ina day , but with an average of 500 a day for four thousand days . Truly also , the difference is not only in tbe figures . That" September Massacre , was at least an endeavour at justice , however mad the few endeavourers j our Ten Years Massacre was the result of an atheistical indifference and

      neglect and absence of endeavour on the part of a whole society . "We have scarcely altered Mr . Carljle ' s words . A word indeed here and there , but not the sense . His expletives , some few of them at least , we now subjoin . "Bottomless Guilt "—" murky simmering "— " Madness , Horror and Murder "" frantic Patriots "— " horny paws "— " unkempt heads "— "tiger yells "— "Night and Orcus "" Phantasmagory of the Pit "— " howling seas " — " sabres-sharpening "— " sons of darkness "" neither fire , " etc ., etc ., elc . All which had not much helped the story ; but may now be applied by the judicious reader , wherever may seem most suitable .

      We conclude however by commending the historian ' s own reflections to all men , Carlyle himself included . — " To shriek when certain things are acted is ( perhaps ) proper and unavoidable . Severtheless . . . . O shrieking beloved brother blockhead , close thy wide mouth ; cease shrieking , and beg in considering . "

      COBSELICS GEORGE HARDING . Many of onr readers no doubt recollect a little unpretending , bnt earnest , monthly publication called the Republican , issued in 1847-8 . It is of its Editor that 1 have some few sad words to say . Cornelius George Harding was born at Manchester , on the 16 th of November , 1824 . His father dy ' inf when he was quite a boy , he was forced at an early age to seek his bread , and to nourish in tbe toil and confinement of tbe warehouse and the desk the seeds of inherited disease . Weakly and debarred from much opportunity of cultivation , he yet on all occasions manifested a natural love of fair nlay , a disposition to help the oppressed , an active mind and a courageous heart , the elements of an excellence whose development was only stayed

      Jrhymes Asb Reasons Against Laxdloiidlsm...

      by the illness which repeatedl y prostrated him , and which terminated his brief career on the 22 nd of Augustlast . Harding was employed successively by a solicitor , a chemist , a manufacturer , a draper , a gas company , and a mining company . Most of these situations he left in consequence of illness . In 1847 he was employed by a gas company as inspector . His duties were very heavy , entailing much application and labour ; but in the midst of them , and despite his delicate health and limited resources , he projected the Republican Magazine , whose first number appeared in November , 1847 . His exertions in this helped to lay him again on a sick bed .

      Medical advice and change of air could only partially restore him , and though he resumed , work ( his last employ beingintheengineeringdepartment of the Great Central Gas Company ) , the fatal mischief of consumption was but delayed . Early in the present year he suffered a relapse ; and since then gradually wasted away , yet clinging feverishly to the hope tbat he might recover , his heart so set on the desire to serve the cause of humanity . Clinging feverishly , but with no coward fear : when at last be knew tbat his hour was at hand , he resigned himself to his sufferings , and his fate with a serene peace which a saint might envy . I speak of one whom I loved : but I speak of

      him because his example should be a light to the young men of our party . Harding waa the type of what our young Republicans should be . Gentle as a child , pure as a girl , irreproachable as a saint . So unobtrusive that none could be offended with him ; zealous and yet never violent ; outspeaking without extravagance ; ever at his post for the public service , never thinking of himself ; and devoted without neglecting his daily work . Hard working and studious , though too fragile for fatigue , be shirked no duties , either of self-cultivation , towards his employers ( whose esteem he held ) , or towards society . Poor , still poorer through his long illnesses , he was the sole support of his widowed

      mother ; and had yet some hel p for his comrades . From bis scanty means , from his little strength , from his great , noble , generous heart , he drew aid for the battle of Freedom . The Republican , of which fourteen numbers were published , was maintained like all works of this kind , with little help and much loss . During 1848 Harding was also active among the few who were then endeavouring to infuse some reasonable spirit into Chartism . At the committees and at the meetings of the People ' s Charter Union he was of the most punctual . Since then he has not failed to do the little his health allowed ; and bis last letter to me was an

      expression of regret that he could do so little . But some day , when health should be regained Alas ! the work is left to us ; the recollection of his aspiring worth , the promise to do his share , like him at least to do our utmost , is the only wreath that we can lay upon his untimely grave . He wag not a man of genius ; he had neither "birth , " nor wealth , nor advantages . He was a simple , true-souled , poor man , who lived not only blamelessly , but actively and devoutly , and who , dying in the very morning of life , however little he may have accomplished , may be laid in honour beside the heroes of all time : for he fought the good fight ; he too has done his duty . W . J . L .

      The Operative ( of wbicb this is the first part we have seen for some time ) is the representative of a more widely diffused and practical class of thinkers among the industrial classes , than the preceding . It deals with political , social , and trades' questions , more in the concrete than the abstract , and blends tales and essays of a light , but informing character , with its graver articles , so as to form a very useful and interesting fire-side companion for the working man . We last week extracted a spirited and searching exposure of the conduct of tbe * Times / with reference to the late trials at Stafford ; and that article may be

      fairly taken as a sample of the literary skill , and the outspoken and fearless character of the Operative . In tbe part before us we find , besides some excellent papers upon 'The Coming Reform , ' and * Association , ' a series of communications under the head of' Progress of the Iron Trades / which forcibl y illustrate the advantage of the princip le of mediation or arbitration , as applied to trades' disputes . We are sorry to learn , however , tbat a strike is now going on at Leeds , by which the iron

      trades are compelled to incur a large expenditure , in order to protect their ' order . ' We notice , in the report of the circumstances wbicb preceded this strike one fact of very great importance . The deputation to the masters bad succeeded in laying the basis for an amicable adjustment of the matter in dispute , when a circular , issued by the local committee , was placed in the hands of the employers , in which tbey were called ' tyrants / and assailed with other abusive terms . The

      consequence was , that tbe negotiations were instantly broken off , and 150 men were thrown out of employment . We commend tbat fact to the serious consideration of the trades , The pursuit of justice is by no means incompatible with the observance of moderation and courtesy in language and demeanour—nay , on the contrary , these add strength to any justice . There may be , in the claims preferred , and the working classes will find that they will

      command the respect of others in proportion as they respect themselves , and abstain from the use of terms which can only provoke and irritate those with whom they come into contact , instead of promoting the settlement of any disputed question . As the Operative is avowedly the organ of the amalgamated Iron Trades , it necessaril y devotes a considerable portion of its space to matters directly affecting those trades ; but its columns contain much that is valuable to the general reader .

      The Christian Socialist continues its reports of the spread of the associative principal among the labouring classes , and its extensive application , not only to the distribution of articles of consumption by means of Cooperative Stores , but also to the production of various articles b y associated bodies of working men , both in England and Scotland . A deputation from the central agency in London to tho latter country , have been quite

      surprised , and highly deli ghted , b y the discovery of numerous societies acting upon the Co-operative p rinci ple with great success , and , in many cases , very extensively . On the other handj the Scottish Co-operators were equally surprised to hear of what was doing in England , and the probability is , that the visit will tend to concentrate and give greater vigour to the movement in both countries . The Editor of the Christian Socialist

      has a series of articles on tha ' Chartist Programme / agreed to by the late Convention , wbAcfa might be usefully replied to b y some member of the Executive or the Convention . The points to which exception aro taken are of great practical importance ; and in such cases there cannot be too much discussion , if conducted in the argumentative and temperate style of the Editor of the Christian Socialist , A series of articles on

      the poetry of Tennyson , from the pen of Gerald Massey , and the autobiography of one of the Chartist rebels of 1948 , by J . J . Bezer , deserve special notice in the present part , which is altogether a repertory of valuable information and agreeable reading pleasantly varied . As a specimen , we take the following account from the letter of a correspondent of the little island of Sark—one of the Channel isles of which few Englishmen know the existence or position : —

      THE ISLAXD OF SARK . This place is a granite rock in the British Channel , not far from Guernsey and Jersey , with a few men , and their , at present , usual companions , sheep and cows , upon it . It is , I find , so p laced that from it may be seen all the other islets usually called the 'Channel Islands , ' namely , Jersey , Guernsey , Alderney , Ilerm , and Jetlion , with the rocks called the Caskets and their lig hthouse , and a long line of the coast of France into tbe bargain . These are all distinctly visible , some one or other of them from almost any point on the island . There is , too , one spot in Sark , but I have only discovered one , from which all these obiects may be seen in

      succession , strung round upon the line of the horizon , by simply turning the head , and that is by tbe side of a windmill in the middle of the island . Sark is indebted for this panoramic scene to its central position in the middle of the group , and to its height . These qualities might fairly entitle it to be considered tbe queen of tbe little archipelago , even if its beauty did not claim for it this dignity . I am not about to expatiate on its outward scenery , for I could do no manner of justice to its charms , but I must say that—whether the lover of earth's features be most captivable by an expanse of isletspangled sea , by secluded sand y bays , by rocks , caves , and precipices , by tiny pools feathered with

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      sea-weeds , by quiet cornfields and hedges , by deep p » . or h y p 1 g 8 tyes—here in any case he may taKe his nil of enjoyment . The cup is but small , but it is overdowing . The «• speciality" of Sark , however , ( as one of our French neighbours would say ) , in the way of scenery , is undoubtedly in its rock-land : every conceivable variety of crag-picture is here crammed together into the smallest possible compass , it i 9 . } usfcas if , not "Nature , " ( as the cant-phrase is eveq among people who acknowled ge a Creator ) , but God , bad taken specimens of every variety of His rough carved work , and had grouped them here as in a cabinet for the delight of His eyes and of all comers . Whatever I have seen of caverns , tunnels , chasms , nooks , gorges , slopes , precipices , shelves , beaches , on the rocky shores of England and Scotland , is matched here , and there are some pieces of cliff architecture to be seen here which might " defv all

      competition ; —for instance , the famous Coupee , a causeway fit for a gravel walk in the garden of Eden , according to my taste . This , be it known to those who were not so informed before , is a narrow neck or ridge of rock about three hundred feet long , and about the same hei ght : the top of it , which is nearly level , is about six feet wide , and along this runs the road , tbe only md , from the mainland of Sark , to a peninsula called Little Sark . This road has no hed ge or parapet on either side , but instead thereof is on one side a steep slope down which you may fall or . climb , according to the amount of unextirpated goat that remains in your composition—on the other a sheer pricipice , down which , as to manner of going , you have no chance but to fall plumb-down into the waves at its foot . But I am not , as I said , on the landscape-painting " lay " at present . I wish to speak of the relations of Sark to other sides of the human soul more vital than that which drinks in . the beautiful .

      Sark is a dwelling of men , of a community of men , not less interesting than the spot of earth that bears them up out of the sea . The island is about three miles long from end to end , and about one mile in average breadth . The peninsula of Little Sark occupies about a mile of this length , and is about three quarters of a mile across in the widest part . The island is generally stated in books to be inaccessible except at one or two points ; indeed , by these accounts and by common report , I had been led to believe that it was a flat table land , bounded by perpendicular precipices all round , but tbat human perseverance had opened an entrance in one or two places through its inhospitable walls . This is untrue , as pic-nic travellers' sketches are very apt to be .

      There are landing places ail round the island at every half-mile or so , and there are three so-called harbours , not perfect , but all capable of improvement . Whether or not you could land comfortably here or there at any given time , will depend , in the present undeveloped state of the resources of the island , on the wind . —There are three roads down to tbe water ' s edge , and a fourth point at which an excellent road could be made ;—all the roads , like everything else here that is artificial , are improveable to an unlimited extent . You have now a notion of the sort of homo the Sark men have to live upon . Well , these islanders are almost entirely descendants of old Normans , their ancestors having immigrated from either Jersey or Guernsey , and their ante-ancestors having come

      to these islands from Prance . I dare say they speak pure old French , but we , in our modern wisdom , are apt to call their mother-tongue a vile corrupted patois . Fancy Paris accusing Sark of corruption ! There are said to be about six hundred inhabitants of the island—men , women , and children ; but I shall prefer seeing the census before I say I believe there are so many . Nearl y every man in Sark is of three trades—larmer , sailor , and fisherman ; a few have substituted some common handicraft for farmership . Fishermen sailors , are they all ;—except by the way one , an artillery man , who combines in his single person the whole regular troops of the island ; his duties are to watch some half-dozen old cannon which lie yawning , sleeping , and rotting on tho grass here and there on tbe cliff tops : —may they rot for ever 1 There is not , however , one grain of

      royal ammunition on the island for their service . Besides growing corn , and slaying fish , however , each man Of Sark holds himself in readiness to slay man in defence of Sark , and of her Majesty Queen Victoria , enrolling himself to that end in the island militia , dressing himself to tbat end in accoutrements supplied by Government , and wielding a musket , vigorously , two times in each year , under the command of the colonel , the Seigneur or Lord of Sark , of whom I shall speak presentl y . The greatest part of the table land of Sark is under cultivation , yielding corn , green crops , and apples ; exporting annually corn , of which it produces more than is required for the sustenance of its inhabitants . The rest of the land , and all the slopes which fringe the fields towards thecliff edge are overgrown with bent grass and furze , among which cows , sheep , and rabbits , pick up a xnaintem . nee .

      Every inhabitant of the island , except the Seigneur ; ( and the artilleryman ) , works for his living , but though there is labour , I cannot say there is much industry . The difference between the aspect of the crops here , and in Jersey is , this year at least , very striking . In Jersey , if not the moat , at any rate a great deal , is made of the soil-c-more than in England . But here , parsnips are and corn was , shabbily thin ; but I am told that this season has been , by reaaon of the drought , an unusually bad one in Sark . I believe , however , that a Sark man is very apt to prefer lounging about the furze-lands , gun in hand , seeking wretched rabbits , to carefully tilling his soil ; ana there is no doubt that tbey all are very much fonder of rolling in their boats after fish , than of handling plough or spade .

      But though there is no industry to organise , and labour is not organised , there is a singular organisation of the property of the island . Till very lately there had been nearly ever since there was legal property in the island of Sark , forty-one estates upon it . Of these , one , the largest , is tho freehold of the Seigneur , the others are held by the forty tenants , as they are called . These latter are all copyholders , each occupant paying yearly always in kind , a fixed rent , and the tithe of his produce to the Seigneur . These forty holdings CftWlOt be divided J each descends m regular succesion from father to eldest son , or to the representative heir , generation after generation . Tbe tenant , however , at any given time , may sell his estate , but he cannot sell part of it , he must soil all or none ; and in case of sale , one thirteenth part of tho purchase money goes to the Seigneur , so the number of these holdings remains invariable . The government of the island , at least in all local matters , is

      vested in the forty tenants and the Seigneur . The officers of church and state are all appointed by the Seigneur , who has more absolute power in his little kingdom than any sovereign of England has dreamed of for many a long year . The parliament of forty sits three times a year ; the Seigneur has no vote , but he has a veto in all the enactments . I was present the other day in the court of law ( the school room ) at a trial before the seneschal , A Visitor tO thO island Was arraigned for digging without leave in an o'd French fort , on the property of the plaintiff , and for finding treasure . The case was a very simple one , but the jndge was incapable of deciding it , so it was to be hauded over tothe court at Guernsey . But the amusing part of the proceedings was , that to the astonishment of the plaintiff , the Seigneur walked in and claimed an the "tresor trove , " ( some rusty nails , as it happened ) as his ri ght , whether leave was given to dig or not , by virtue of his patent of sovereignty .

      Now , however , there are more than forty properties on Sark , though , of course nob more than forty privileged tenants . For recently the present Lord of Sark has sold some portions of his patrimony to two or three persons , not natives Of Sark , who have established small farms on what was before waste land . The seigneury and the talismanic patent are indeed altogether for sale at this time . The glory of the little kingdom is , if not g one , at any riitoia abeyance , it j s ia g ark aa % { s in great Britain and Ireland , the hereditary lords of the soil have not done their duty to God , but have served Mammon , and so they are turning out to make room for faithful men and association . I

      cannot help thinking that it is the same -disease which has got among the kings of the earth , groat and petty , that has attacked the potatoes , which 1 believe to be a doomed root , and that the departure of kingship from Sark is but symptomatic on the small scale of a complaint very prevalent in Europe just now . 1 wonder how many kings would be glad to sell their crowns foraconsideration about this time . It is not , however , that democracy is breaking out in Sark , but that a king-man is wanting here . And such a chance for a king-man to do God ' s work on eartn might not easily be found as can now be picked up here in Sark for a few pounds sterling . We will conclude our notice of this work next week .

      $T£W£W?«

      $ t £ W £ W ?«

      Tait S Edinburgh Magazine For October. L...

      Tait s Edinburgh Magazine for October . London : Simpkin and Marshall . This is an average number of our old acquaintance , Tait . 'Tho Ariadne or the Bagman afloat / is a capitally told story , and Mr . TJrquhart ' B 'Adventure at a Buffalo Hunt vividl y depicts life in the Prairies . The series of papers , under the title of ' the Workingman's way in the world , ' maintain their interest , and throw much light upon the character and habits of the class to which the writer refers , at the time he speaks of . We believe , that since that time there have been considerable improvements among them ; but , if in some places these habits aud re-

      Tait S Edinburgh Magazine For October. L...

      gulatious yet linger , the writer hj 8 quiet way of showing their absurdity , may yet do good service . * The law reforms of tho session , ' 'Heine : his Works and Times , ' and ' Church and School in Scotland , ' are papers of considerable value ; but we think the long article on * S 5 r James Brooke and tho Pirates of the Eastern Archipelago , ' an outrageous puff of the doings of that doughty adventurer . The other articles call for no particular notice , and , altogether , Tait would be nothing the worse for the infusion of a little more energy and variety into its pages . One extract , from the ' Working man ' s way in the world ' will give an idea of dissenting ministers twenty-five years ago—perhaps even now .

      He had been apprenticed to a printer and learned his trade ; but having become impressed with the notion that he was born to astonish the world , ha . i abandoned his employ and entered a Dissenting College . Here he had acquired the accomplishment of talking ad in / Initum , but had ingeniously omitted to furnish himself with anything worth talking about . His tongue vibrated incessantl y , one might hare almost thought involuntary , from morning to night ; and though he knew—as he must have known—tbat for half the time hu had no listeners , ho talked on notwithstanding . From College he had been translated to a country pulpit , in a midland county , where , he told ua , ho had £ 40 a year " and the run of his congregation : " SO that

      tie could manage to live without spending more than half his salary , small as it was . He had to preach three times on Sundays and twice in the week , and to " do" the school and the prayer meetings . Besides his regular salary , he sometimes madea " half-sov . " by " supplying" vacant pulpits . He declared that he never studied his sermons—couldn ' t do it at the price ; that it was trouble enough to pick out a text . He boasted that he never found himself at a loss , which I could readily believe , and assured us that the best way to get out of a '« fix , when a fellow finds that ho is about to stick in the mud in the middle of his preachment , " is to get into a passion , when a little gasping and incoherencv will nass for a eood deal

      of feeling and enthusiasm . He initiated us into the art and mystery of bleeding the congregation , or as he termed it , " milking the fold . " " It does not do , " said he , " in these small places , to fix beforehand the day for a collection ; if you did the chawbacons wouldn't find their way to chapel ; that ' s a green move , and never pays in the provinces . No , no J Look out for a fine day and full pews , when you ' ve got the fat farmers and their wives and daughters , and perhaps the squire and his lady—that ' s the nick—pitch it into them comfortable , all about Isaac and Jacob , and Laban and Esau , and the oxen and asses , and the herds and the flocks , and the pastures and the corn fields . Then , when the old chaps begin to wag their rosy gills , and to wake up in their own element , that ' s your time—stick it into them—the 'day appointed / that ' s your weapon . ' My dear friends , this is the day appointed for the quarterly collection . ' It is a

      dead nail , that ; never knew it to fail . I ' ve * dished ' a matter of £ 2 10 s . by that move in my own little place . " In such a style this ex-ecolesiastio would run Jon for the hour together , to the amusement or indignation of his hearers . He knew the private histories and secret peccadilloes of all the * ' great ' gUUS and holybolies , " as he called them , of the Dissenting denominations , and retailed them liberally , with the flippant volubility of a man in whom the organ of veneration was altogether wanting . Concerning his own private history he did not think it necessary to he quite so communicative ; but I learned from other sources that by his characteristic levity and superficiality he had lost ground among the denomination to which he belonged , and that he had been persuaded to resign his ministerial pretensions , and had returned to the exercise of his profession , in which he was assisted by tho patronage and recommendation of the religious body of which he had been an organ , and was Still a member .

      Tasks On Newspapers.—Whatever Other Alte...

      Tasks on Newspapers . —Whatever other alterations are made in tbe course of next session , wo trust tbat tbe duty on advertisements , if not all the taxes on newspapers , will be repealed . The advertisement duty is a tax on publicity—the soul of business . Amongst the many advantages which tbe merchants , shipowners , landowners , and tradesmen of the United States enjoy , in comparison with those of England , one of the greatest is , that they can make all their business wants and arrangements known , from one end of the union to the other for a mere trifle . With them the paper on which their newspapers are printed is free , the papers are free from stamp duty , and the advertisements are also free . The result is , that they can advertise cheaply and , instead of wasting time and money on inferior

      means of communicating their business wants , they find customers for all that they want to sell , and parties to supply them with all that they require to buy , through the newspapers . In this country the means of communicating between the seller and the buyer , the owner and the tenant , the shipowner and the freighter , are oppressed with the load of a triple set of taxes . There is , first , a heavy tax on paper , which compels the manufao . turers of paper to conduct their business in a costly and troublesome manner ; then there is ' the cost of the stamp heaped on the back of the paper ; and , to complete the load , a heavy advertisement duty is piled on the newspaper stamp . The result of this triple load is , that London only supports one daily paper handsomely , and three or

      four indifferently ; and that the advertising interest of Liverpool , wbicb ought to be equal to tbat of New York , is not one-twentieth part as great . There everybod y advertises everything , here thousands of persons , whose businesses would be greatly improved by publicity , do not advertise at all ; whilst those who do so , do it as if they feared to incur the reproach of extravagance , for adopting such a mode of announcing their wants . With regard to the political arguments which we see adduced for inflicting heavy burdens on the press , in tbe hope of improving its quality , they are really arguments in favour of a censorship of the press . To impose taxes on newspapers , for the purpose of raising their price , is to extinguish all Cheap papers , indiscriminately , by act of parliament , for

      the purpose of improving the quality of the dear ones , instead of merely separating , or attempting to separate , the chaff from the wheat by a censorship . It is now more than two hundredsesupasince the most illustrious of . Englishmen , John Milton , placed the question of unlicensed and unrestricted printing on a foundation which no sophistry has been able to shake ; and yet how many people do wo still find who think it a smaller evil to extinguish cheap reading than to incur the risk of allowing a portion of bad reading to mix with the good . So long as the periodical press does not supply n cheap literature Suitable for the labouring classes so long will much of the monev and time

      expended in teaching them to read ' be thrown away . The want of a literature suitable for people who have little time , little money , and no taste for abstruse subjects is the chief caus . e of the enormous mass of i gnorance which still exists , after the great efforts which have been made and are still making to educate the people , Even with regard to the middle classes , where you find one man who reads books , you find ten who read newspapers ; and if persons of this class , who have ten times as much time and money at their disposal as the labouring classes , prefer periodical literature to hooks , who can wonder or blame the labouring classes for doing the same 1—Liverpool Times .

      Melancholy Affair . —On Sunday afternoon , shortly after four o ' clock , two boys , named Frederick Hadder and John Willgroas , who reside with their parents at Hampton Court , were playing upon the towing-path , near Iiamptoii Court Bridge , when one of them threw a stone at a barge which was proceeding along on its way to Bristol . There were three men in the barge , in the employ of Mr , Baldwin , of Bristol , and the captain took up a gun , wblob was loaded with shot , and fired at the boys . The shots took effect , and it was afterwards found that one was dangerously wounded , and the other but very slightly . Three gentlemen were passing at the time , and they narrowly escaped from being shot . The three men were afterwards taken into custody , and they gave their names as James Clark , James Evans , and John Croggins . They were examined before the magistrates at tho Staines Petty Sessions on Monday , and remanded , for the purpose of ascertaining the state of the wounded boy .

      SoRRE ? LlTElURV LvsTirurio . v . — On Sunday evening Mr . William Worseldine delivered a lecture on " Physical Facts , as indisputably opposed to all Systems of Theology . " He said that persons were with a few glorious exceptions , hostile toths enlightenment of tbe industrious and useful classes , and consequently to their political liberties . He hoped , therefore , for the good of the community at large , that the day of just retribution was not far distant when pious fraud would be checked by the people , the only scourcfl of legitimate power . BLOOMiiursM . —Mrs . Dexter delivered a lecture in full Bloomer costume on Monday night in Glasg 0 Wt She concluded her lecture amid tremendous

      cheering , hooting , waving of hats , < fcc . A Ladi Cobed of Asthma , after Twentt Years' Suffering by the use of HeUoway ' s Pills . —The Wholesale Agent for the sale of riolloway ' s Pills in New South Wales , alludes in a letter to Professor Holloway , to several extraordinary cures of Asthma , effected in that Colony , by the use of these invaluable pills ; and to one case in particularthat of a lady residing near a hill named the Bazorback , who , after having for tweuty years been afflicted with fo'te arSl / J ?""^ ' *** V nable ' in consequence , to hear the si ghteat exertion , at last used this remedy StoP T ^ SiSsssr 8 xprea 8 ion - * ™* V »

      Tfaiintrs.

      tfaiintrs .

      Am Ingenious Yankee Has Invented A Whets...

      Am ingenious Yankee has invented a whetstone to Sharpen the appetite . _ Con . —Why is Hobbs like Itammohun Roy ?—Because he has attacked the belief in Bramah . ^ itwicn . _ A Shosmaker , who katut , Wa trade by drink * in" sherry cobblers , promises his customers fits . Thk phrase '' from the cradle to the grave" i « now rendered , from the baby-jumper to the jump * mg-off-place . " * * Exercise , air , good temper , and temperance * are the principal sources of growth , health , and longevity .

      An itinerant preacher , who rambled in his sermons , when requested to stick to his text , replied that " scattering shot would hit the most birds . A Shakp Boy . —A boy who had been attending the funeral of a man of colour , was asked on hia return where he had been . He replied very quickly , ' I have been a black-burying . " A son of Erin once gave the following toast : «* "Here ' s wishing you may never die , nor noboby kill ye , until ye knock yer brains out against tha silver knocker of yer own door . " To RlDDLERS . —Name an Eng lish and a eontlnenial river , to answer the query—What two things are most contemptible in a " scented fop ?"—The Aire ( ot Yorkshire ) and the Oder ( of Prussia . )

      Very Clevkk . —The gentleman who was determined to outdo tho horticulturist who raised chickens from egg plants , has succeeded in pro * ducitig a colt from a horse-chestnut , and a calf from a cow-ard . Another Poser . —Which of the European sovereigns would be most incommoded if the earth began to revolve on the equatorial axis?—Tha Emperor of Russia , because it would occasion a rising of the Poles . A countryman at the Exhibition stood for some time very attentively surveying a cane-seat chair ; at lensth he said , " I wonder what chap took enough pains to find all them holes , and put tbat straw round ' em ?!'

      1 he Pope is so well known at Rome for the ex « treme slipperiness of his dealings , that some heretical wag has been scribbling OY 6 V the door of tha Vatican tbe following inscription : — " The Ceh > brated Ori ginal Eel-Pius ?"—Atncfi .. A HINT « 0 THOSE WHO KEEP GARDENS . To curehens i 'fromscratchingupon your garden beds , Cut their dainty scratchers off just below their heads . A nisr . —A young gentleman the other day asked a young lady what she thought of the married state in general ? '' Not knowing , I can ' t tell , " was the reply ; "but if you and I were to put our heads together , I could Soon give you a definite answer . ' Venice and England . —The "Venice Official Gazette" abuses England in very choice Italian . " Lord Palmerston is an object of repugnance for every rational man ! " "Well , liberty hopes for no light from Venice ; nothing , at the best , but a Vene * tian blind . —Punch .

      Sisel Pisjis .-About the year 1820 and 1 S 21 , the first gross of three-silt pens was sold wholesale at the rate Of £ 7 4 s . the , "toss ; the cheapest pens are now sold as low as twopence the gross , and the price rises with tbe elasticity and finish of the pea up to 3 s . 6 d . and os . per gross . Strength of a Beam . —The beam constructed Of hollow bricks and Portland cement , at tha western extremity of the Great Exhibition , haa undergone its trial of strength , and gave way under a weight of 62 . S 0 O lbs . The experiment terminated in the most satisfactory manner for the reputation of such constructions . Percussion Caps . —The total manufacture of percussion caps for sporting guns in Europe may bo estimated at 1 , 300 millions yearly . Some idea of tho importance of this article may be formed from the quantity of copper requisite for its production , viz ,, 390 , 000 lbs ., weight .

      The Flower of Politeness . —There is now urowing , at the nursery ground in Chelsea , a Victoria Rcgia , so gigantic as nearly to fill up th 8 garden . A person of ceremonious habits , in passing the flower , put it gently aside , exclaiming at tho same time , " Now then , by your leaf . "—Punch . Pleasure owes its greatest zest to anticipation . The promise of a shilling fiddle will keep a schoolboy happy for a year . The fun connected with its possession will not last an hour . Now , what is true of schoolboys is equally true of men . All they diffec in is the price of their fiddles . Thb Crystal Palace . —We read that certain pawnbrokers have of late received bushels of watches , from people pledging them for money to visit the Exhibition . That watches should be disposed of for such a purpose is a significant proof that the Crystal palace is not intended for a season , but—for all time . —Punch .

      Noble Revly os h . Circassian Chief . — " Sur * render ! '' was the summons of General Rosen to llamsad Bey ; " surrender ! resistance is in vain ; the hosts which 1 bring against you are numberless as the sands on the sea shore l" "But my hosts , ' * was the answer , " are like the waves of the sea , which wash away the sand . " The Iron Age . —When we are drawn by iron horses on iron roads , construct iron houses , build iron ships , sleep on iron beds , sit in iron chairs , drink from iron fountains , and those of us who have any money , keep it locked up in iron safes , and those who have not , are locked up in iron gaols , may we not with propriety call this the •« age of iron V

      Complimentary . — " What is the matter , my dear ? " asked a wife of her husband , who bad sat half an hour with his face buried in his hands , and apparently in great tribulation . — " O , I don't know , " said he , "I ' ve felt like a fool all day . "" Well , " returned the wife , conselingly , "I ' m afraid you'll never be any better—you look tbe Very p icture of what you feel . " A Scientific Cobbler . —A cobbler has just located himself at Spalding , and attracts attention with the following address outside his shop : — " Surgery performed upon old boots and shoes , by adding of feet , making good the legs , binding the broken , healing the wounded , altering the constitution , and supporting the body with new soles . No cure , no pay . Advice gratis on tho most desperate cases . "

      Road io thg Grave ANn . ConJOUlB BY THB Way . —For the gratification of people who are fond of statistics , take the 'following list of miserymongers : —In one short street in Sunderland there are seven dealers in intoxicating drinks , ono oi them wholesale ; there are also a pawnbroker , a relieving officer , a police station , an undertaker , and , at the top , a churchyard . —Sunderland News . An Up and Down Reply . —During the examination Of a Witness , as to the locality or the stairs in a a house , the counsel asked him— "Which way did the stairs run ? " The witness , who , by the way ,

      is a noted wag , replied that " one way they ran up stairs , but that the other way they ran down stairs . " The learned counsel winked both eyes , and then took a look at the ceiling . Successful Scheme . — Some boys concealed themselves a few dftj g Bg 9 | 11681 a bahehOUSO , itt London , just at the time of opening ; and , as an elderly woman was passing with a dish of baked meat , one of them seized the joint and ran away with it . Putting down the dish , she endeavoured , unsuccessfully , to overtake him ; and ) on her re « turn , found the dish and everything else gone ,

      Agriculture . —One day , after walking very carefully through a nursery in the West of England , we could not help expressing our satisfaction at not having seen one single weed over many acres of highly kept ground . The answer of the proprietor was , " Weeds , sir , are too expensive for us ; we can t aftord them . What a bitter sarcasm upon the mass of cultivators 1— Gardeners Chronicle . A Sin ular Tree . —In the Island of Goa , near Bombay , there is a singular vegetable , " the sorrowful tree , " so called because it only flourishes at night . At sunset , no flowers are to be seen , and yet , half an hour after , it is quite full of them . They yield a sweet smell ; but the sun no sooner begins to shine upon them than some of them fall off , and others ClQSS U i This continues throughout the year .

      Forknsic Wit . —A judge and a joking lawyer were conversing about the doctrine of the transmigration of the souls of men into animals . '' Now , '' said the judge , "suppose you and I were turned into a horse and an ass , which would you prefer to be ? " •' The ass , to be sure , " replied the lawyer" Why ? " rejoined thejudge . " Because , " was the reply , u I have heard of an ass being a judge , but of a horse—never . " Shabby Trick . —At the last Spalding horse fair a countryman had a fine mare for sale . A sharper contrived to administer chloroform to it , and it became insensible . Some others of the gang surrounded the countryman , and , declaring tbe mare was dead , one of them endeavoured to purchase it for a small sum , The countryman , however , refused to sell the bod y , and shortly afterwards , much to his delight , the anv mal recovered .

      Nevbr ask Questions im a HnttnY . — " Tom , a word with you . " Be quick , then ; I ' m in a hurry . " — " What did you give yoursickhorse t ' other day *" 'A pint of turpentine , "—John hurries home , and administers the same dose to a favourite charger , who strange to say , drops off defunct in half an hour . His opinion of his friend Tom ' s veterinary ability ia somewhat staggered . He meets him nest day . "Well , Tom . " - " Well , John , what is it ? " "I gave my horse a pint oi turpentine , and it killed him

      dead as Julius Cmsar . "—'' So it did mine !" Economy . —All to whom want is terrible , upon whatever principle , ought to think themselves obliged to learn tbe sage maxims of our parsimonious ancestors , and attain the salutary arts of contracting expense ; for without economy none can beiricB ,, ana with it few can be poor . The mere : power what is already in our hands , njust be of sition to every mind ; and as the . ^ Bacon may show that tbe highest " safely neglect it , a thousand instances that the humblest may practise it wi Rmbkr .

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 11, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11101851/page/3/