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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th March 1848, Edition 2 of 3, Page 1, GREAT AJETfiOPOLITAN DEMONSTRATION. ' TH...

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    • Onward, ano K8 conqaer ! Backward aad -we fail ! nB PEOPLE'S CHASTER AKD SO SURRENDER \
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      Onward, Ano K8 Conqaer ! Backward Aad -We Fail ! Nb People's Chaster Akd So Surrender \

      Onward , ano K 8 conqaer ! Backward aad -we fail ! nB PEOPLE'S CHASTER AKD SO SURRENDER \

      T O The Old Guards. Old Guakds T You Who...

      T O THE OLD GUARDS . Old GuAKDS You who have read my letter ' in the Star f Saturday w £ ek upon the conduct of ODJLLON BARROT , and others , who £ 0 i up ihe REFORM BANQUET in I ' . iris and then left the people to the tender ^ ercies of the soldiers and the Government , ViH see by this week ' s Star that the very same iame lias been played by Mr Charles Cochrane , in London . That gentleman called a me eting of the people in Trafalgar-square for

      Monday hist , and , although in communication nith the police authorities from the previous Friday , as to the legality of the proposed meetj . 'iiT , and although upon that day he had received an assurance from the police that the meeting was illegal—as the law prohibits anv public meeting within a mile of the House of Commons during- the sitting of Parliament yet , having this information , and when a single jine in the Star of Saturday would have undeceived the people , this gentleman allows the peop le to assemble , and never makes his ap-TiP ; ir ;! IlCe .

      ] W , let us see what , under the circumstances , was his dut y . He should have < r () jie to the meeting at all hazard , no matter Jnr , v great j and lie should Lave explained the cause of the meeting not being continued ; and he should have remained there to the last . This was his duty ; and not having- performed that duty » it now becomes his bounderi duty to support the family of any poor fellows who were wounded by the police , until they are able to work . The corrupt Press praises the clemency and forbearance of the police ; hut I am informed , by an eye-witness , that they behaved in the most savage , brutal , and tyraniii « d manner ; but you know enough of the Tress and the authorities to he aware that

      they measure clemency by BRXJ FALITY . The ruffian Pre * s has endeavoured to fix all the foolish mischief done to property , and all the thefts committed , upon the Chartists ; but I never heard the name of one of the speakers before , while the originator , Mr Cochrane , is not a Chartist , hut is opposed to Chartism . I trust that all who have been deprived of their protectors and supporters , will apply to Mr Cochrane , in a body , for the maintenance

      of their families . Your greatest duty now is in avoid evil counsel ; and to sign the National Petition ; and—not as a bribe or an inducement , but as a reward for virtue—I will give a premium of hi . out of my own pocket , and the v . ns ; by which the Petition will be surmounted , to the district which , according to its population , transmits the largest number of signature ? . Let this be a " real monster , and no mistake . "

      On Monday next , the carpenters at Snig ' s End will build a carriage out of the timber jrrown upon Lowbands . for the conveyance of the Petition to the House of Commons , and which shall be drawn by four of our own horses—such a team as won ' t he seen in London on that day . Now , Old G-uards , if you have confidence in me , after a quarter of a century ' s struggle , you will not allow the mischief-mater , or the coward—and therefore the brasrsjart—to mar

      our glorious object . I ten you candidly , that I see my way to a successful issue without the slightest violence to person or property ; and I tell you , further , that , while I set my face against violence , if we are attacked , either by the law or by force , we will defend ourselves ; while if our united moral power is brought to bear upon corruption , in its present weak state . 1 have not the slightest fear of a successful issue . Ever your faithful Friend ^ Feargtjb O'Coxxor .

      To The Working Classes. " Mr Fkiexdx,— I...

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . " Mr Fkiexdx , — It -was my intention to have presented you this week with my Financial Budget , proving my assertion , that there is yet in this country ample means for making the poor rich , and the rich richer . However , being engaged during the whole of the weekj up to the present hour ( twelve o ' clock on Thursday ) , it was impossible for rne to submit my table and its results in that clear and simple form , indispensable for the illustration of a heretofore complicated subject .

      Next week I promise you my manifesto—Jind shall now proceed to report th . e meetings at Hanley . in the Potteries , on Monda y last ; and that at Preston on Tuesday . On Monday , I left my " cold quiet home " Snig ' s End , whare I . am always most happy because most profitably engaged—and reached the Whitmore station at half-past two , where I was met by two of the OLD GUARDS , and a carr iage drawn by four grey horses . When we reached Hanley , we were met by an enthusiastic concourse of " true Labourers " and a splendid band . I- can give no guess at the numbers , beyond t ,, e fact that we had fully half a mile of a dense mass of human beings .

      The authorities granted us the use of the bells for the occasion , and , as we entered the town , they struck up the merry peal of ' Welcome . " I had a long interview with the OLD GUARDS , not one Of Whom has ever wavered in the most tryinn times . At five we sat down to tea in the covered FREE MARKET , capable of accommodating over 7 , 000 persons ; and between 1 , 600 and 2 , 000 sat down to tea . After tea the public were admitted at a charge of 3 d . a head , and the spacious building was soon crowded . Mr Capwell , a working man was cilled to the chair , and our old friend Daddy Richards was introduced as the first speaker , : > nd was received bv his old townsmen with

      the most gratifying marks of affection and re-< r : nd . He proposed the adoption of the " Address to the French People / ' which appeared in the Star of last Saturday , and it was unanimously and rapturously adopted . 1 spoke next to the resolution , pledging the meeting to per .-evere for the Charter ; and never was a speech better received—never was there a more enthusiastic meeting . When the speakin ? part concluded , the girls began the hall , a : id all , I am told , was happiness and goodhumour . Lord Talbot , the Lord-Lieutenant

      of the county , was anxious to send the military amonsrst us ; * but owing to the good advice of ilr Wise , a magistrate , he was calmed into reason , and well for him , as I am sure we did not want the soldiers , and they did not want ¦ us ; but their appearance mig ht have led to some awkward work , as the people owe his I- Tdship no good- » i'l for his persecution of them in 1842 . 1 spent a part of the ni f iht and till twelve the next day in conversation with the OLD GUARDS , and left for

      Preston . There , also , we had a g lorious gathering , in the Exchange-room , granted b y the mayor . From 700 to 1 . 000 sat do-vn to tea . Mr Franklin , landlord of the Temperance Hotel , vas in the chair , and , during my quarter of a century ' s experience , I never heard a more f- 'upieiit , sensible , log ical , and well-reas > ned speech than he delivered upon the Land -id the Charter ; a speech that proved to mc ' -hat imv teaching had not been in vnn , aim cuiivimvd me that both questions h : ; d n « v . v ; - .-S'ur . ed their pr-per p lace in popular thouuhl ' ' . d ( -iin-in . The occasion of our meeting was '" - fWffrate ihe ] . ; ralh > n OI SIX Pivslou Aiv . X'i

      ^ - ! -- « rs upon the hud , i-. nd . therefore , t : ; e « . - iir . Ueti we ; - ' ! obliged to p ledge th ! r :.. ~ dvt' .- ! to i-isj iis : -. - t . r ih . tt politics < h--.: tUi mi W muuc the j-x - . OTiinl ^ t t .-j-ie . if ihe evMiJo- ' -. It '¦• as a great i .-od-H-ial to . jet s . - i Sine si building n , ei ' 1 iH ; ¦ < L to tie h . u-. ' . uv <> f ' the c ommittee , they diu g-i-at violence to their feelings b y nut heing -Me u , adt . pt un sddre & - u > lh >! French peop le , hiitll « vfeai , o , l faith and 1 \ ielded to their honourable feeliat's , althoug h I had drawn up

      To The Working Classes. " Mr Fkiexdx,— I...

      a resolution to congratulate the French . I spoke for nearl y two hours upon the Land Plan , explaining ! ! in all its bearings , hut showin ? its utter insignificance as compared with the Charter , which would at once make it national instead of merely sectional . We passed resolutions in favour of the Land and the Charter , and when the proceedings terminated the girls began the dance . Here , as at Hanley , I found the OLD GUARDS staunch and resolute , and the yonnsr mind every where imbibing the Chartist principles . The * great delight I experienced a resolution to congratulate the French .

      from these two meetings ' , the large attendance Of women , who were not , as formerly , impatient to conclude the speaking and commence the dancing , but were the most attentive listeners , a change which I attribute to the fact that sensible women—mothers , with all the domestic cares upon them—recognise in the Land Plan their redemption from slavery , and I contend that woman has never yet been placed in her legitimate position in tins country . She should he the most honoured , because the most useful and ornamental ; but , shame to say , she has been doomed to slavery ,

      by the weakness , the depravity , the brutality and tyranny of man . A mother ' s place is in her own house , her duty is to train up , instruct , love and protect her little children ; the man ' place is the free Labour field , -working for himself ; the child ' s place is the school , the open air , and the comfort of a home ; and but for the women of England the men of England would never be free , as they are the main prop of the Land Company , thus proving their love of liberty , and their willingness to be thrown on their own resources s and if I

      discovered one husband disrespectful to his wife , or neg lectful of his children , I would expose him to the world , and do my best to transport hire to the SLAVE MART ; but , thank God , all at O'Connorviile and howbands NOW seem proud of their wives , and look upon their children as a blessing . Yesterday I left Preston and arrived here at eight last night , so that I have not had much spare time , all of which , however , is , as usual , devoted to the poor . My tour has delighted me , and refreshed me . Ever your affectionate Friend , Feargus O'Connor ,

      Z J <J ' <" Their Forefathers Were So Ch...

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      ^^ ^ —Asrsw S' And National ; Trades' Jo...

      AND NATIONAL ; TRADES' JOURNAL .

      A Resolution To Congratulate The French....

      VOL- XI . No 543 . LONDON , SATURDAY , MARCH 11 , 1 & 48 ™ ™ n ™« ° * - * Five . Shillings and' ^ hpeucc per Quarter ¦ ™ ^ i — ¦¦ —¦ '" ' > ¦¦ . ^ i .. i . ¦ . — .. — . — B * H I I ¦—«—¦—WWWWMWW 11

      Great Ajetfiopolitan Demonstration. ' Th...

      GREAT AJETfiOPOLITAN DEMONSTRATION . ' THE REPUBLIC FOR FRANCE , AND THE . CHARIER FOR ENGLAND . ' Thus was headed one of the placards convening the ' Metropolitan Demonstration , to congratulate the heroic people of France on their glorious victory in establishing a Republic , and to advocate the ri g ht of every man to the elective franchise , ' held on Thursday evening , March 2 nd , in the great Circus of the National Baths , Westminster-road , Lambeth , and undoubtedly it was , without exception , the largest in-door meetir g the metropolis can boast of . The proprietor of the building told us he had seen a meeting within the walls , at which five thousand persons had payed for admission , and that that meeting was nothing as compared with the meeting

      now in question—it was one dense wedge—not only the bottom portion of the building , but the massive beams that support the roof were lined with human beings , who bad climbed to that altitude , to obtain a view and hear the proceedings of the evening . Some idea may he forraed of the magnitude of the meeting , when wetelUhem that several speakers , although Well-known , and the people showing every desire to make way for them , took half an hour to make their way into the meeting , we are certain that not less than ten thousand persons could have been present in the building , many thousands reluctantly going away who could not obtain admission .

      At half-past seven o ' clock , Mr Johx . Shatv was called to the chair pro . tern ., the committee not having jet been able to make their way to the platform . He said he was sure all rejoiced in the establishment of a glorious French Republic . ( Tremendous cheering . ) The chairman read from the p lacard , convening the meeting as follows : — The provisional government of France has declared in favour of Universal Suffrage , the Abolishment of Capital Panithrarnt , ihp Separation Of CuUniQ audSt & te , and hantie'l ovrr the million per annum , recently consumed by the Monarch , for the benefit of the starring people .

      Each point of which was received with enthusiastic acclamations , perfectly indescribable . He said their reception ofthe deeds of the provisional government , -was such that raust gladden the hearts of their Gallic neighbours , and when sent through , the press , must delight the democrats of the world . ( Immense cheering . ) At this moment the Executive Committee made their way to the platform , amidst considerable cheering / and Mr Shaw having vacated the chair , Mr W . Dixon was unanimously called thereto—Mr Dixon said , when our brave Gallic neighboura were strangling , they paid the greatest possible respect to individual property and to human lifehe trusted that immense meeting would follow so good an example , and do the same —( great applause)—and that they would show their love of

      oider by giving to every man a full , fair , and impartial hearing . We , in these eventful times , as it were , lived a life-time in a few days ; thus had three ministers and two monarchs been destroyed in less than one week—never were the words of Lafayette more fully or completely illustrated , ( hear , hear , ) but we must not forget that there are other nations that require freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) And ! ie trusted that we ( the English people ) should this nig ht swear eternal fealty to each other , and never rest satisfied until we had obtained the People s Charter . ( Tremendous cheering , ) Some of the press had doubted the ability of the provisional government , to insure stability to the Republic , but he ( the chairman ) thought their acts since its installation would completely set all such doubts at rest . ( Great cheering . )

      Mr t . Clark , amidst loud cheers , came forward a nd movfd the following resolution : — That this meeting hails with nnmiogled p leasure the triumph of R epublicanism ia France , and hereby presents its cordial greetings to those patriotic brr-es who hurled to destruction the fell power of the tyrant Louis Pfailippe . And this meeting expresses an ardent bopr , that knowledge and n-iedom will so direct and uso the cplcndid achitvetnents ofthe Revolution , as to erect in France an enduring temple to truth and liberty from which shall emanate those holy princ- ' ples of human em » nCipi * tion , that must ere lorp result in the subversion of desiiotism throughout the globe .

      He . said : We have met here , for the purpose of { . bowing to the people of France our entire sympathy with them , ( loud cheers ) and to evince our determination to establish our liberties . ( Great applause . ) The English ministry did not repose on a lied of roses , ( hear , hear ) and the briar must still be made sharper , as they did not yet seem to know that a vast majority ofthe English people were without , the pale , of the constitution ; that only one in

      seven of the British nation possessed the elective franchise ; it is , therefore , our imperative duty to make Lord John Russell acquaint ! with that cireumxtance . ( Loud cheers . ) The people of France had disp iaved true nobility of soul in not sullying their hands in the blood of either the fallen tyrant L-uis ' Pi : i ! ipp . or the ex-ministers , ( much ap'ijr . n ' i' ) ; : ' .. ' dr ^ rved i-. eV , of their fellow men . ( Rcitcrat . ( 1 cheerh . c ) And lie thought the principles

      nn-p . ' -ui-df . '] hi ihe provisional government , de-< i - < : ; : !> d •! :- heanisst support of every Democrat ;< nri c nc ' -r <' - iX ^ t ' -.-rmer throuKhoutthe world . ( Lund <¦! c ~ r > . ) I'Aih Pmiirpe had attempted to suppress „¦ : , ' .: ¦ ¦ ,.--,- < . ! ¦ - » . ? nd si'ch attempts justly cost bin . h , " crown . :- ] u .: uense , loud , ml hm continued cheerio " . ) Y ' s . the peop le of France had tramp led , the throne of ths barricades in the dust , ( reiterated cheering ) the sentiments of the people of England will be Vai ' ted on the wings ot the press from , one end of the v . o - . Id to the other , ( hear , hear ) and thus shall the people know that the

      Great Ajetfiopolitan Demonstration. ' Th...

      producersfof all wealth in England , cordially sympathise with their brethren of France , extend to ihetn the hand of fellowship , and salute them with the most cordial and fraternal salutations . ( Rapturous cheering . ) The provisional government , although but one week old , was the only ministry in existence that had manfull y grappled with the great question of labour . ( Loud cheers . ) Ay , the reason was , because it was not composed of aristocrats , but of the most talented men to be found in the producersjof all wealth in England , cordially sym-

      ranks of industry—of orators , philosophers , and of men of science . ( Loiid cheers . ) All honour to the men of France for producing such events and such a government . ( Great and long continued applause . ) They are , indeed , entitled to oar thanks , our sympathy , and our highest approval ; and in conclusion , I now propose that we testify it by giving three hearty c' - eers for those gallant , heroic , virtuous , and wise men . ( Tumultuous cheering , which , for at least five minutes , made the building ring again . )

      Mr James Gbassbv , id seconding the motion , said the time had now arrived , whilst they congratulated their French brethren , they should think of doing something effectual for themselves , and it would be well to back up these moral demonstrations with an amount of physical courage and force that might , in the event of an accident , be found useful . ( Loud cheers . ) It was disgracefol to the English gotemment that so many thousand labourers were walking the streets of our metropolitan and

      provincial towns , wjthout work , in a state of utter destitution—starving for want of the common necessaries of life , whilst the idle , useless aristocracy , rie-ted in luxury , and the widows and other offshoots of Royalty revelled in profusion . ( Great cheering . ) Seeing this horrible state of things , it was the duty of all to be up and doing , to effect such a political and social change as shall produce employment , wages , liberty , and happiness for all . ( Immense cheering . )

      Monsieur J . F . J . Caplin supported the resolution , and said the French had been charged with having a deshe for war ; but he , as a Frenchman , emphatically denied it . They desired peace , liberty , and order . As a Frenchman , he had come forward to propose three cheers for the united people of England and France . ( Tremendous cheering . ) The resolution was carried amidst the loudest applause-Mr Ernest Joxes , whose appearance in the meeting had been loudly greeted , then came forward to move the following resolution : —

      That from the testimony which hi-tory and experience bear to the malignancy with which tyrants regard the progress of the people in liberty and happiness , this meeting would not be surprised , if , in the wlldness ol their iniquity , a league of kings were formed to crash the infant Republic of France , and re-establish the tallea dynasty . Be it . tberefore , resolved , that in theevent of such an alliance bsing formed for such a nefarious purpose , this meeting considers that it will become the most sacred duty of the friends of progress throughout the world , to aid to the- utmost the people of France in vanquishing their enemies , and preserving their liber , ties ; and this meeting recogntsinc the right of every nation to frame its government according to its wishes ,

      solemnly protest , as British subjects , against any hos . tile Interference on the part of onr government in the arrangement of the ' civil affairi of the people of France , When the cheering had subsided , in the course of a speech remarkable for its brilliancy , Mr Jones made the following observations '•—Men of London , however strange it may appear to the incredulous , we may have the Charter in one month . Mark ! the government is on its last lees . A body of political cowards trembling on a meagre treasury bench , and turning pale before the French Republic . What have they done ? They propped embodying the militia—they can't , because

      we won t fig ht . They are trying to increase the army—but they can't carry on peace , how then will they arm for war } They proposed raising the income tax tO five per cent . That was He / ore the French Revolution . They ' ve given it up . That was after it . They attacked O'Connor ' s seat . That was before the Revolution . They ' ve given up the skirmish . That was after it . ( Enthusiastic cheers . ) You see their weakness—well ? Do you feel your strength ? ( Loud cheers . ) Then I'll tell how you may get the Charter , and all ' legally , peaceably , constitutionally . " You have the ri ght to meet , and

      the right to petition . The laws have just this one merit , that they leave you the power to alter them . Then 1 would suggest to you the propriety of adopting the following course , and it will not conflict with the National Petition to Parliament , which ought to he presented also . There is no redress to be hoped for from parliament . They call themselves a mi & dlb class parliament—a muddle class parliament they should say . Why not address the throne direct ? There is no law against it . Assemble half a million of men in one spot in Scotland ; half a million more in the Northern counties : as many more in the

      Midlands ,- the same in London and the South ; and let Ireland have anothar Clontarf , all on one day , to petition the Queen for the immediate Dismissal of the Ministry , Dissolution of Parliament , and a General Election on the principles of Universal Suffrage , Vote by Ballot , Annual Parliaments , Common-sense Qualification , Payment oi Members , and Equal Constituencies . ( Loud and long continued cheering ) Then let each great gathering send its delegates to London , telling the chief magistrate that on the same day and same hour , half a million of men sent them to the foot of the throne with the same words upon their lips ; and let 200 , 000 men of London , unarmed and peaceable , escort them in a

      vast procession to the palace . ( Applause : ) Should leave be refused for the deputation to approach the Queen—should the petition be treated with neglect —No matter . The millions meet again to consider the next step-for , take my advice in this , —don ' t meet one day , without knowing well what you have to do , and where you are to do it , on the next . ( Loud cheers ) No pause , no dallying ! Let no one object that you will lose so many days' work I speak to the unemployed . I speak to the unwilling idlers . I speak to the hungry and the houseless —their name is millions ! ' And I am now poinding out to you reproductive employment on the rich field of political emancipation . This appears to me

      the first step . "When that is done , you will be ready for the second . ( Rapturous and continued cheering . ) Mr Cuffay , in seconding the resolution , said—We have arrived at a time when a leagne of kings is no longer to be dreaded . W enolongerfear the Russian bear , the Austrian spider , or the Prussian vulture . ( Loud cheers . ) The French had set us a glorious example , beating the strongest army in the world , and sending Louis Philippe forth a wandering vagabond on the face of the earth . ( Great cheering . ) Never despair of your rig hts . ' Look there , ' said the speaker , pointing to a huge placard , bearing the

      words , ' The Republic for France—the Charter for England . ' ( Rap turous cheering . ) Ay ! and if they refused us the Charter , we should then begin to think about a republic . ( Great cheering . ) ^ ivy , even the middle classes were now fast joining the Chartist movement . Look at the immense meeting recently held at Leeds , with the Mayor in the chair , who declared himself heart and soul a Chartist . ( Loud cheers . ) Let them fvibvr «» this meeting , and the day was not far distant when the Charter must become the law of the land . ( Grea t cheering . )

      N . Szonakd-wski , a Pole , came forward to support the resolution , and said—He was not a Frenchman , but he was one of the victims of tyranny—he was a Pole . ( Great cheering . ) It was only by such victories as that just obtained in France , that his country could expect to gain its liberty . ( Cheers . ) Italy—poor Italy—too , was borne down by her oppressors . France had gallantly won her liberty , and liberty never would come from government—its source was the people . ( Cheers . ) Every nation desired liberty—the English people wisely demanded the Charter , and he trusted thev would

      keep to the agitation until it was obtained . [ At this moment Feargus O'Connor , M . P ., entered the building amidst deafening shouts of acclamation , and after a time elbowed his way to the platform ; on his reaching which , and presenting himself to the meeting , the cheering was renewed with increased vigour , and were the loudest and longest wc ever remember to have heard , which having subsided , N . Szonakowski proceeded i \ You people of England are a great people . It was the first time in his life , hp had bad the p leasure of addressing such a meeting . Were such a meeting held at Warsaw , the speakers

      Great Ajetfiopolitan Demonstration. ' Th...

      would be confined for life , (• Shame , Shame . ' ) and it was pleasing to see them appreciate the sentiments and actions of the French nation , as shown through the acts of their provisional government , and also they honoured their leader . ( Loud cheers . ) Tis you ( the English ) , and you alone , that can liberate the Polish nation from the fangs of their triple despots . ( Loud cheers . ) He trusted they would continue to sympathise with France , and keep up their advocacy of the Charier . ( Loud cheers . 1 For his part , he represented a Polish Democratic ^ Society , but the Poles were of 110 countiy , but the brethren of the whole human race . ( Great app / ause . ) He repeated , go on or your Charter—follow the advice of the eloquent Ernest Jones—go on and g ive liberty to the world , and rest assured that the continuous cry ofthe Polish people was' Live the brave English people . ( Great cheering . ) would be confined for life , O Shame . Shame . ' \

      Mr O'Connor now rose to address the meeting , and his appearance tras the signal for a burst of app lause impossible to describe . He said when he looked back on twelve ; yeara past , and then on this great and important assemblage , he yvas sure he had not laboured in vain . ( Hear , bear . ) tie had frequently said he should have a league of kings against a league of peoples—his prediction was verified ; but thanks to his men of the blistered hands arid fustian jackets , the people were proving victorious , and he now felt more proudly than ever , his promotion from the aristocracy to a post in the army of democracy . Many years ago he predicted the events of to day . ( Hear , hear . ) The people of France had

      accomplished their rights with comparatively little bloodshed—( hear , hear , )—and the king , who was raised t 9 powar on the shoulders ot the people , was by those same people dashed from his eminence ' , and where the monarch once sat there now presided a working man . ( Immense applause . ) Knowledge , like an electrio shock , played round the universe ' and had taught the provisional govern mentof France the necessity of finding emp l oyment for the starving operatives . ( Loud cheers . ) For this principle he had long contended , and had been carrying it into practical effect for the last three years—( cneera)—and , consequently , for any holes . -that might be found in the prevailing system , be had plugs readv to put in them . He would not give a fifor

      g a political change , unless n carried a social one with it , and produced plenty , health , happiness , and prosperity for the whole people .. ( Loud cheers . ) He , the other day , presented a miniature petition to the House , signed by 230 , 000 persons and those signatures were all obtained in three days—asking for agrarian rights . ( Hear be r /) . He , from his seat in the House , had told the ' miniaterB , that if they wished to cnntinuein their seats , they muse govern in accordance with enlightened public opinion , bearing in mind our penny postage , our penny stamp on newspapers , our railways , our steam engines , and our electric telegraphs ; but if they had resolved to think with the deadi talk with the dead , legislate for the dead . why they had better at once remove to a

      grave yard , and there , meditating amongst the tombs , gather inspiration from the inscriptions ehisse ' ed on the stones . ( Loud laughter and great apphuae . } He looked forward with much anxiety to the 15 th of April , when he hoped * to march down to the house at the head of fifty thousand per anas with a monster petition signed by 5 , 000 , 000 peraoaa , asking for the Charier j and let them but obtain their Charter , they could then get with ease their whole rights and liberties . ( Tremendous cheering . ) They would then possess the Elective Franchise , and could return suoh members as would he the real representatives ^ the people , whereas there were not more than six members in the house who really represented the people . ( Hearhear . )

      , Fof his part he took his seat in the house right opposite the minister , and had always resolved not to say anything outside the house he was net prepared to say within its walls . He had told the minister that the time was come , when he ( the minister ) , could no longer dfioend on hired tools ( Great applause . ) They had been deceived by tie Reform Bill—they , when ttpa . « BR < i , tanked-for roast , beef and plum-pudding —( laughter)—for his part he had never presumed in tell cuem waat the Chatter would do , bat of this ho was certain , it would give them the means of returning members who must do the bidding of their constituents . ( Great applause . ) He loved the Land Plan , but it was like a drop of water in the ocean as compared with what the

      system could do under the Charter—now it was merely ' sectional—the Charter could make it universal . ( Loud cheers . ) The Land was the taw material . It employed many hands in its culture and preparing , and those hands in return employed man in other trades , callings and professions ; this , if carried out , roust create a new and unexceptionable home market . ( Loud cheers . ) He would not nor could not be a sophist , and must therefore tell them frankly , that he did not believe the worMog classes could ever fratern > ae with the middle classes ; those men who had ever been their persecutors and prosecutors . ( Hear , hear . ) He had told the bouse the other night , that it he could not continue the advocate of the rights of the people ,

      whether English or Irish , he would scorn to sit within the walla of Saint Stephen's . ( Loud cheers . ) Lord Chesterfield had once said every man had hi ? price , and he ( Mr O'Connor ) h \ d his ; it was Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , Vote by Ballot No Property Qualification , Equal E ' ectoral Districts , Payment of Members for lhair services , and a Free Labour Field for the people , ( Loud cheers ) He really believed if he ( Mr O'Connor ) wan eewn up in a bag , the people would find him . He had been exceedingly unwell—and when their message camr for him , he was in the baths , in Argylestreet , bu ' ill as he was he had come at their request , and entered the people ' s vapour bath . ( Much applause . ) The time had now arrived when the cormorants ol Church and State must no longer eat up all , and leave their flocks and herds tostar ? e . ( Loud cheers . ) He should like to know where new were those gentle

      men who used to come to meetings with theiif books and pencils , and take their notes—and then six months after swear to the correctness of fheir reports , although they admitted they were jammed in the meeting and their elbows jogged . Those things always left an impression oa the mind , that their memories must have had a golden jog , —( laughter and cheers)—but now he did uot care if all the police spies in the world were there , with Colonel Rowan or Sir George Grey at their head . Happily the English and Irish working classes were nw united , and by a steady and determined adherence to their motto— ' Onward and we conquer , backward and we fall , ; the Charter and no Surrender !'— truth , justice , happiness and universal liberty must soon prevail . ( Tremendous and lone-continued cheering , which was kept up until Mr O'Connor had reached the exterior of the building . )

      The resolution was then put and carried unanimously amidst loud cheers . Mr G . J . Haunet then carae forward amidst loud cheers , to move the ^ doption of a congra tulatory address to the French people , fThe address has alreidy appeared in our columns j The motion waseconded by Mr John Shaw , and carried unanimously , amidst deafening shouts of applause , and Vive la Republique ! ' The address was drawn and engrossed on parchment , surrounded with a tricnloured border . Messrs George Julian Harney , Philip M'Grath , and Ernest Charles Jones , were appointed on behalf of the Fraternal Democrats , the Chartist Executive , and the Chartists of London , to present the address to the provisional government of Franca , amidst rapturous cheering , 'f lie evening Genu now far advanced , Mr Drake merely moved , and Mr M'Grath seconded , the following resolution : —

      That while this meeting rfjoloes at ihe signal triumph just gained by Trench valour , it is at the same timufulij cosntsunt of the melanchol y fact , that nearly sevin millions of Britons clank the degrading chains of serf , doro ; and they consider that with the bright example of emancipated France bufore the world , the present ia ihf accepted time for pressing onward the great moml dtnigfflo for tho enactment of tho Peoplu ' s Charier , which , investing all with the panoply of tho Prnuehisi-, would prove the guarantie of national prosperity , and the best security agiiinst the convulsion of Revolution

      Which was adopted by acclamation . On the motion of Messrs HarmyandM'G-rath , a vote of thanks w ; . > unanimously awarded to the chairman ; which wa acknowled ged by the chairman , and tho mecfuu having given tbrre cheers fur the French republif , three for the provisional government o' France , mi three for the Charter , dissolved in good order , cvl dently deiighted with tho evenine ' s proceedings .

      Padiham.—On Sunday, March 12. Two Lottuv...

      Padiham . —On Sunday , March 12 . two lottuvo ; will be delivered in the Odd Fellows' Hall ; one in the afternoon by Mr A . Robinson M' Bradionl , tho other in the evening by Mr T . Tat ^ ersall of Burnley , te ' etnvo to commence at ha'i ' -pa-t two o'ciwk in the afternoon !' and six in the evening .

      Grevp Public Meeting On Clerken \ Well-G...

      GREVP PUBLIC MEETING ON CLERKEN \ WELL-GREEN . IN F & YOVR OF THE P £ 0-: PLE ' S CHARTER . A meeting conveyed by the'Metropolitan Delegate Council , was held on Monday eTenine , March G ' th At half-past Sve Messrs Doyle ; Clark , Fussell , Tapp , G . vY . M . Reynolds , Dr ' M'iagay Sider , Archer , Sharpe , and others were obsarved making their way to the place of meeting . The person who bat agreed to let the van , which was to have formed the hustings , refused ; and , consequently , a long broad tbrm was hired , which formed a temporary platform . lftf ? . R . \ T PTTRT . in MttRTTMft rur nr . P . mfww

      Mr Crbistophku Dotle was unanimously called to the chair , and said when he left tite Chartist Estate that nvivninft , he had notthe least notion that such an honour would bo conferred on ima , but he trusted that having placed him in the chair , for the honour ofthe Chartist ' can-e , they would do , as they invariably did , in all their meetings , observe the strictest order and decorum—( loud cheers )—and at the same time evince b y their firmness their determinatioa it possess their rijjhts as laid down in the People a Charter . ' { Great applause . ) TJiey were differently situated to what their . French neighbours were . ( Hear , hear . ) In England the right of meeting was permitted . Louis . Philippe had Eot into power on the shoulders of the- people , 1 ) 6 had baseli . betrayed his trust , and was most justly by the

      people hurled from power : ( Cheers . ) The people of France had wished to meet as they were meeting , the right was denied them ; but they had resolved to meet—they did meet , bled , and conquered . ( Thundering cheers . ) We now meet to assert our right to radical reform , and to resolve that we will , in our moral might , obtain it , ( Great cheering . ) If there were any shopkeepers in that meeting , let them bear in mind that class-made laws oppressed the people , rendered , the toiling millions poor , and that such povertyprerented them from dealing so extensively as they otherwise would at their . "hops—consequent ) v their profits were less . ( Hear , hear . ) Then , had thej not an interest in the working men obtaining their

      rights , as proclaimed in the People ' s Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) It was a disgrace to England that so many of her toiling , ingenious sons were beggars , whilst the pampered aristocrats rolled in luxury , and wallowed in wealth—the produce of their starving brethren . ( Tremendous cheering , ) But wajs it to be wondered at ? Did not the rich few make the laws ? And the consequence was , th . it the few monopolised all the benefits of society , \ llear , hear . ) Solongas the mass 9 f the people are kept out of the pale ef the constitution , so long ; will want , poverty , disease , and orime afflict the people . He , therefore , called upon the peopl * to use every legal exertion to cause the People ' s Charter to become the law of the land . ( Immense applause . )

      Mr G . W . M . Rbtnolds , in rising to move the first resolution , said the events of this morning had thrown him amongst them , and he would now remain amongst them , until their great object was accomplished , and he contended that they had as much riiiht legally and constitutionally to demand their rights as they had to meet and congratulate the French people on the achievement of theirs . ( Loud cheers . ) The recent events in France proved that a nation could have liberty whenever she willed it . ( Great applause . ) The people of England were seeking their rights by moral means ; he was happy to find that the people « f England were so determiwidly bent on possessing their rights ; in all the novels and romances he had written , he had never failed to push forward the great rights of humanity . He wished his and their voice in favour of the enfranchisement

      of the whole people to resound through Olerkenwell to the palace at Pimlico , and throughout the whole Briti-ihempire . ( Tremendous cheering . ) A manuscript was found in the Palace of the Tuiltries , setting forth where ail the troops were to have been posted . He looked on this as a scheme of premeditated murder , and declared Louis Philippe a miscreant . The people of England were an industrious and ingenious people . They deserved to be and must be free , and their own conduct must determine the time when they should be better off . ( Tremendous Cheering . ) Mr John Fussell seconded the resolution in an excellent speech , and was much applauded . [ In consequence of the great and increasing pressure , we fete it impossible to maintain our frail position , and give any further a correct report of the speeches . ] Messrs T . Clark , Dr Mikgay Sidbb , A . Shakpr , and Archer , addressed the meeting amidst enthusiastic cheering .

      A resolution and petition m favour of the People s Charter was adopted by acclamation ; as was also a resolution of congratulation to the French nation on their glorious achievement of the Republic . A vote of thanks was carried by acclamation to the Chairman ; and , after three thundering cheers had been given to the brave citizens of France , and three for tho People ' s Charter , the meeting quietly dispersed . Before the meeting concluded , there could not have been less than from eight to ten thousand persons present .

      Glorious Gathering At Stepneygreen, To P...

      GLORIOUS GATHERING AT STEPNEYGREEN , TO PETITION PARLIAMENT FOR THE IMMEDIATE ENACTMENT OF THE PEOPLE ' S CHARIER . Oft Wednesday evening last , a public meeting was held on Stepney-green , for the purpose of adopting a petition lor the People ' s Charter . The meeting was called for five o ' clock , but long before that hour arrived , the Green was one living mass of human beings . At afewminutesafter five o ' clock , Messrs Clark and Dixon entered the Green , and were received with tho hearty cheers of the assembled thousands .

      In a s-hnrt time a vehicle was provided , up » n which Mr Clark and Mr Dixon ascended , when the cheering again commenced , and continued for seve * ral minutes . The meeting at this time presented a most splendid appearance . The gathering was sisrantic . In ( act , every part of the vast Green was filled , and . turn the eye ¦ wbich way you would , such was the density ofthe crowd , that it appeared like one large mass of human heads . On the motion of Mr Ciark , Mr Dixon was unanimously called upon to preside .

      Mr Dixon , upon rising to open the business , said Gentlemen , I thank you for the honour you have conferred upon me by electing me to preside over this meeting by your suffrages . I trust , therefore , that each man here present will consider himself a conservative of the public peace , and be determined to protect lite and property from the base conduct « f those vagabonds who are going about the streets breaking lamps and windows , and purloining the property of their fellow citizens . This , by the press , is laid at the door of the Chartist body , which we here publicly repudiate . We glory in the name of Chartism .. But it is not Uhartism to destroy property . We have this day , gentlemen , met for the purpose of exercising the right of the British

      subject—the right of meeting when and where they will to make known th < ir grievances , and petition for the redress of suoh grievances , llowevet , gentlemen , let the press say what thoy will , we will , by our conduct , show to the world that wo do not deserve these calumnies , which appear doily . Gentlemen I have no fear of you . I know from past experience that meetings of working men are the most orderly assemblies that any man can atteud . Gentlemen , we have met for tho purpose of adopting a petition to the House of Commons , for the People ' s Charter , in . which are embodied those _ piiuciples which would givejustice to all , and injustice to none —principles which would alike protect the interests of all . Why , therefore , aro those rightBand

      prerogatives withheld from the prople ? One party ss \ s you are not sufficieutly intelligent , and another that you are noteduoated . I would a-k , why aro the people taunted with this want of intelligence , and wantof education , as the reason of keeping the suffrage from them ? Do the present electoral body hold the suffrage because they arc intelligent and educated ? No , gentlemen , they hold the suffrage on no such tenure . They hold it upon that tenure which ia a disgrace to us as a nation , -md of them io paxtieuUir—that of property qualification . . No truHindependent man would j ) o ! d the mffrase on smi'M an absurd principle . Intelligent , indiid ; it njukes una smile . There ia not a man anion ^ st them hohih theiisibt of citizon because he is wise , moral , honest , or a man of integrity ? No—but simpl y bi tvtuse iitpays so much vent , or hokljsu much property Eiul

      ill acomuva-cial ccuiiivy like nil's , whetc panic lol-. ows panic in q ^ ih-k succession , a ' ul property is con-¦ itanny cbansinj ; hands , it frequently h » prcns that some of tlic < e men who prate lUmut Intelfij .-en' -e and education are , because thoy aro poorer ' . han th .-y wlt a month back , dispvived nt ' the tight of c \? t 7 , eu . ship . N > t because , thoy have commit " ed any offencf ; against the ataU ~ -not because- they have done any . thin . ! , ' tehicb in the least militated ajrainst th- ' ir m & vid disnity—not bvcavwe thoy have O ' . me anything d ; rrg-Uory to the name of man , but xiniply because adverse cireumsta- ens have lallen np „ ii them , and they are unable to pay the rent , f . bey cid in the time of their pmsiiei-it y . They . a : c a ^ aiu branded with the mark of slave , ' bee » u-e they arc become pool ' , Gc-ntleroei ) , if the electoral body of this country had [ one spark of that old English hidcpendence for which

      Glorious Gathering At Stepneygreen, To P...

      their forefathers were so characteristic , the would at once say wo would no longer be degraded by holding the suffrage by such an absurd and unjust tenuie . VVe will make common cause with the pto-. de , and demand the Soffraee , not brcanae they had a certain property qnnhficatior , but because they bad heads and knew how to use them . This w & s their du ' j- Andit thty mg . eckdif , on them be the blame . But the people must unceasingly and determinedly demand the enfranchisement of the whole of the male adult population , as provided for in the Pet pie ' s Charter , at once and without delav , being made the law ot the Land . Gentlemen , I now conclude by asking your pardon for occupying so much of the time , and impress upon you to keep good order , and give to every man a fair and impartial hearing . » V . n ?« fnvafatriiira wftre 80 characteristic , tbn

      Mr RuyxoLDS rose amid much ap / Oasse , to more the first resolution . And in doing so , be took the opportunity of giving to some pfirtions ot the daily press a deserved and weilmerited castigation for tbeh » gross neglect in some cases of entirely passing overthe late important meetings which had been hold daring the week ; and in other eases where they had endeavoured to identify the insane and ftfijustitt ' ab ' e- « onduct o those who had been breaking windows , lamps , « fce ., andr in some instances , htlping themselves with other me »' s property , wirh the meetings . lie thenreferrtd to the g / orious 2 Scd una

      24 th of February in Paris , where the people hud doueso ranch for human progression . After whh-b , he , in an eloquent and masterly manner , expounded the pt'iHC 7 ple 3 Of the Charter , and the iinrtciiiab ' e right of the people to the rights of the Sntfrnj ; e and concluded by reading and proposing the following : resolution t— 'Thatthisroeetingconsidering Enslnnd ; to have been -in the van of all other European kingdome in the march of Progression anil Reform , are therefore determined to be behind none in the carrying out of those principles of Civil , Political , and Religious Freedom , guaranteed by the People's Charter . ' 8

      The resolution was most ably seconded by Mr C . Harrison , a working man , and carried unanimously . Mr TwHAS Cubs , one of the Executive Committee of the National Charter Assnciation , rose amid much Cheering , to move l b * petition : and in doing so calied upon the people to maintain their right to roeef , but at the ?& me time endeayosT to put down those ruffians who were going about the streets committing deprcdatiens which were disgraceful to all who took part in tbtm . He therefore hoped that

      the Chartists of the metropolis if they caught hold of any of those vagabonds , they would hand them over to the authorities ; and by these means prove that the Chartists were the conservators and not the destroyers Of property , 2 VJr Claris then entered into a lucid and eloquent fxposition of the people ' s rights and duties , which we are sorry to say the want of room prevents us from giving . The petiiion was seconded by Mr Sharp , and ably supported by Mr Fusikll , and ot \ being put to the meeting , was agreed to without a disECBting vote .

      Mr Tapp moved , and Mr Sha"S seconded , a vote of thanks to the chairman , which wag passed by acclamation ; after which the people gave three cheers for the French republic , three for the Charter , and three tor the people , and thus terminated one of the largest and most orderly out d « or meetings it has been our good fortune to attend for many years .

      Glorious Triumph Op Democracy !—The Mons...

      Glorious Triumph op Democracy !—The Monstjsb Meeting at Betunal okehn . —On Tuesday evening , the 7 ih instant , a public meeting was publicly announced to take place at 'the Whittington and hia Cat' Tavern , Church-row , Betbnal green-road . Crowds of respectable people congregated , and in a very short time the room was crowded to excess . On thd motion of Mr Ilollis , and seconded by acclamations , Mr II . Mander May was called on to preside . iVr II . Mander May , in taking the chair , w . n received with loud applause . He said : Friends and countrymen , this is a momentous period . It is high time that the people of this country should tolerate nothing ancient which common sense should not approve of , nor should they shrink from any movement , however novel in its character , which reason

      sanctions as correct . { CbeerB ) It is high time that thehuman energies , which have been so long occupied in subordinate- achievements and interior objects ^ should mark the commencement of a new and glorious epoch in our historical records , by giving assistance to the sublime and democratic art of improvingor upsetting governments —( cheers)—and increasingthe social and political Micity of allmankiDd . f Hear * and cheers . ) And it i < hi » h time that the people were honestly and judiciously represented in the * Commons House of Parliament . ( Great appla ^ e . ) We have met this evening for the purpo eof congratulating the brave Parisians on their proud and victorious achievements of their rights as men —( cheers J —and their privilege . * , as members of one great human family . ( Applause . ) Rally round vour

      faithful leaders , and the day is very nigh when the French > will have to congratulate you on the attainment of all that which is dear and precious to yourselves and your darling little ones—viz , the right to make < ha laws which your neighbours will cheerfully obey , and the happiness of ail men . ( Great cheering . ) Atthia juncture Mr May produced a red cap , which elicited great applause . Mr Ferdinando then attoropted to address the meeting , but was interrupted by tin immense mass of people—hundreds of whom could not get admission . At this , Mr May proposed they should adjourn to the open air , to llaU ' a-squarewhere , during the- proceedings , there could m-t hava

      been Jess than 7 . 000 to 8 . 000 persons—who very afctentively listened to Mr Ilollis , who made a brilliant ; speech , in which he read and moved a congratulatory address to the people of France , which was loudly cheered . Addresses were then delivered by Messrs Kirby , Gale , Ferdinando , Smith , and others , whoi eloquently advocated the People ' s Charter and No > Surrender . Thrve hearty cheers were then given top the French Republic ; , three groans for Louis Philippe ; and three cheers for Mr May . The police were in attendance , and surrounded the meeting . The meeting separated , giving three tremendous Cheers for freedom , equality , and fraternity .

      Merthtb Trnvxt . —The Chartists of this town met on Sunday mornJBg last , at the branch office o £ the Land Company , when Mr O'Connor ' s letter to the Old Guards was read with unbounded joy . A . committoe vyaa instantly formed to set the machinery in motion , and the town divided into districts , to take sheets and head / tigs roand , and to solicit their iccuniary aid , in fact , nothing shall be wanting on our part to have this petition a bumper . The g ' . orious proceedings of our French friends have greatly augmented our forces ; there was also an earnest appeal _ drawn out in the form of a circular , to tht > ministers of the gospel in this town , respectfully soli , citing their aid . Next Sunday we intend to lay the case of Mrs Jones , the wife of the exile , William Jones , before our friends , trusting the frienda throughout the kingdom will do the same .

      Leioh . —On Monday evening a public meeting ws & held in the large chapel , Folly-field , to hear a lecture from Mr James Leach , of Manchester . The chapel was well fi led , chiefly with the working classes . Mr George Bellamy presided , and after a few remarks called on Mr Isaac Wood to move the first resolution ,, as follows : — 'Ttiat this meeting has witnessed with , great concern the depressed and degraded state of thfl industrious classes of this kingdom , and is of opinion that it arises from the present monopoly of the elective franchise—that it is highly requisite that measures should be originated for placing the whole mate adult population on one political equality , and thereby permanently benefit the country at large . ' Mr John Dicketisnn seconded the resolution , which wascarried unanimously . Mr George Black proposed ( hesecond resolution , 'That this meetirg n-ouih dincfe the attention of the middle classes to the document

      known as the People ' s Charter , in wmch are contained every requisite for securing an efficient carrying out of the jufii-agf , and that they be earnestly solicited to render every support towards causing , ife to be enacted as the law of the land . ' James Collierseconded the resolution which was carried . Mr Edward Smith rose to more the adoption of the N-uionai Petition , which ,. on being seconded by Mr Isaac Wood , was carried amidst great applause . The Chairman , then introduced Mr J . Loach , < vtio delivered « n ex eellent lecture , in the ci-urse of which ho pointed s » the Land , as tho only available source On which to employ the surplus population ; and ths atUiiui-. enti of the People ' s Charter , as the best mode oi ' -stcuring : it . lie next referred to his late visit lo Ireland , and gave a brief but graphic description ot that Vd-fatcd country , which produced Kreat ^ c-n Kt tii . n in ihe meeting , A . fter a vote of thanks to the lecturer and chairman , the meeting b .-ukc tin at lat 3 hour .

      II . VAWAX—At the District Diktats Meeting , in the Working Man ' s Hail , on Sunday week last , 'he following resolutions were put and carried ' : — ' That ¦ Mr- Joseph Ltiley bo put in nonriiifttv >» , ai » d racmmetidi-d to lbs distr ct : isa fit andiproper person to succeed Mr George Y »' ibbv . r in the ultiou ot . IvU' -tiefc hecritary . as Mr IVebbi-r l-asexv ' .-ns .- 'ui hi- ' hiK-iiMou of retuins : fVoivi that , oflhw nt ihe expiration of the quarter . ' -- ''lhH Mr J-Vn Hatssbe tin : ( V .: ^ to to r-preseiit lh" H-ditax dUtriet , at ti-e Vvi > t k-diug DmIoluu- . V . u'fuu :. to be lu-ld , H 'Wakiiield on Sunday nexf . '—¦ Taut til .- du / egulu fram thid di . * t _ . h-M" be instructed to vwlu tor , or [•> ,- ' , " Ernest , 1 ones' , E-o ,.. Ul nomination t » represent tho West Hiding , in < li :- ^ " tiimai C' . e . vuui « u , tu be . held iu Loiidnn i « ' " st » 7 ntsxt '— ' That the de ' cjv / ie be instructed to vet * - ' 'or anot-iiori- individual , Wiy .- sul . lvd to tho ptwi ' ' d '"¦ ' <> tors ul the Land Comy \ iiiv , to ( On-prisc t . tv >•¦?>•<¦ •» - live ot the CliartM Association ot Wt- bri | . un . Tho adiliiir . nal m' .-mher to perform the uir-ies ' . >¦ •>« - w , fan- to the Rxeoutivo . ' -G , WisnBbR , dislr ; c : s > -

      Wa \ . Sm , l . -A district delO « . o warns wi-s bv d Pt this plu .- . e on Sunday , which wss welt ; it » - « o * d ; many important ni bjeets wero bn . u-.-n b : r . -,. *; . o „ o in relation to po-rold Daddy Kichnrils ov Mr Lump- ; , calling for support ft " the « M r ^ eran , v-l . j- -i . ; . i . -j li ,. p .. dwillb 8 re ? p » cd « : d to : thi / mi'et . iiigwa- < tirj . ! ti ! ntd till that iby month , at ilvs Malt Sh . » vci , BiistOc . s -- "Bacut . —A meeting was held on Sun-lay VfeeV . last , in tlic Chartist room , when it was tesidvrd— 'That the most strenuous exertions should be US'JU io sp ! oad . the principles of the People ' s Charier , '

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1848, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11031848/page/1/