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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th April 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4

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    • J U !> T l* U II L I S H E l», So. 4, (price 6d. -) of
    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATOHDAY, APRIL 10, 1817.
    • Co -Ufamersf ^ Gorrotooittai: 10,
  • Adverts (11)
  • Text (12)
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      4 4 The Northern Star> April 10, I847

      4 4 THE NORTHERN STAR > April 10 , i 847

      J U !≫ T L* U Ii L I S H E L», So. 4, (Price 6d. -) Of

      J U !> T l * U II L I S H E l » , So . 4 , ( price 6 d . - ) of

      Ad00411

      THE LABOURER , A * A Monthly Mnjtaxine of Politics , LittratnreiPoctry , 4 t £ ditet hi ) F : Feamcs O'Coshor , E « s , asd Ersest Josss , Esq ., ( Barriatcrs-at-Law . ) T The Democratic Movement in thisomnttf being _ wholIj aeneeficimtin a monthly or « n , the above matg ^ £ « £ ; ssSrvi' ^ S"Steffi ?¦ -.-¦ t -dare <> f the soil , . ,. iwpix , ^ v an cmi-8 .- 8 .-TUE POOR MAR'S ^^^ . ^ S krformMitm , „ e . it Barrister . ) gt « w ? «> , ^ H ^ n tht liwd , and the 1 for the eipress osr « f « l ottoes on - ^ orKing vlasscsi « i ;« wvai . WORKI > fS CLASSES $ , $ .-THK iriSTOKl 0 F ' \ 7 rtOcarefUl } vlHiddeufrom . Compiled « h , m « S ^ e „ cr ,.: uh . ' nS .. tS on their ¦ the | wW « ^ . ^ nKriiwiusurretU ^ s . by whfeb ^ jsz ^ £ >** v .- *** a lesson for «* . * -W > " ^ V « l « nd . ll » eChartUt amrTV . ulcs' Move-^ t an rnaly * Sr \ . cee 4 inSsin I ^ rlUtnent , and a nUrv of newest home :-nd abroad . t t CT p ( lETItY ASO IUIMAW 5 E , fiiieeithese are impor MnU rnnchesofedncatioK . l . l . rosression ^ and some of the fir- * democrat authors liave . tmdev . ukcn tofurmsh narratives of intense atifiaivid , mtircst . Such publications -wlllibe reviewed as sdessrve the atten ¦ G Uon of the People . T THE rORTBAlTofan-eminentChamsttsai accompany every sixth number . UOXTBttTS . A TREATISE ON TOE SMMJL PROPR 1 ETGUY SYSTEM , JLVD NATIONAL LAND AND LABOUR BANK . Shewing the mode tw "which every W «& aMtM » n mas 1 bevonie possessed of a comfortable cottage , mth a suffii « ient tpiantitv of Land to occupy him hi vroiacinp ; all the comforts and necessaries-af life for himself and family . So * . I . and III . arenu » . at-i \ ri « tcil , aud . n » 5 be had on app lication . So . II . is reprinting an £ * vfll be ready next wecV . Letter * ( pre-yaMl to He addressed to . the Editors , 10 leat Windmill Street , Immsvket , London OroVrs rwriredbr ;/ ll o ^ ints fi > r thc"Aortnern Mar , and all booksellers in town amd country .

      Ad00412

      J . ' ow Rfadv , a X ' etv Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS To be had stthe Xzrthen Star Office . IS . Great Wind mill Street ; and of Atal Hey wood . Manchester .

      Ad00413

      SOTICH 1 NITED PATRIOTsHiSD PATRIARCHS ' BENEFIT SOCIETIES J ' atrou . —T . S . Dlscoube . Esq ., M . R . IN answer to tlie numerous inquiries of Agents , Mem-* bcrs , and Correspondents , Notice is hereby given , tbat the Prospectus of the LAND and UC 1 LU 1 > G BEXEFir SOCIETY requested , by them , to be brought into Co-operation with tie above Institutions , is now read * for circulation . Within a few days the £ ules will he submitted to the Certifying Barrister for Enrolment Further information , prospectuses ,. < fcc on be obtained at the office , or by letter prepaid , enclosing two « ostT" » - stamps , directed t .. the Office uf the Insututiuits , 13 , Tottenham court Stw-toad , St . Vancras , Loudon . Agent 5 rennired in even- part of Great Britain . iliy Older ) IUxux Wuxu * Rrm , Secretary . S . B . —District Secretaries and Mcuhersof the Chartist land Company , are requested to obtain information , ( which can be ohtalied by tttvliny a tfaoij ) for postage , ) respecting the National Co-operative ISciieht Society , of which Jfcw / Stallwoud oud Wi'Icon arc joint Secretaries , before tVv ii' any icay connect themselves icith it .

      Ad00414

      IMPORTANT TO EMIGRANTS . AGniCrLTURIST- " ? and others may purchase 130 ACRES OF HIGH TIMBERED LAND IS WESTERN VIRGINIA , < htcrUxd by GtneMl M ' csh . iivjtoi ) at . the Garden of America , for £ 2 * 8 s . 8 * 1 . Merlins , ABOUT THREE SHILLING * PER ACRE . £ i lis . on v to be paid down , the remainder in FIVE AXXU . M PAYMENTS . For further information app l y to CrlARLES W 1 LI . MER . . 4 liltWfdll £

      Ad00415

      IMPORTANT TO PIIOTOGRAI'IILJTS . AN aplrticaiion was made on the 22 r . tl Sipfmher , to , the Viiv-thaiuillor cf England , by Jlr . Beard who , acting uwkv a most wrtTavffiivny vUAym j \ outsiders biuiseil the Mcpatentee of th-i Photographic . i . 'J .-oss : > to restr . iin MR . ESEUTON , of 1 , Tcmplo-strioc . aad HS , Slett-fttrcrt . nun t . king Vliutogr . iplric 1 ' orti . l . iS , winch ie dues by a process entirely difl'erof . t frun and very rpcrior to Mr . Beard ' s , and at one-half the cl . ' rgc . Ills Honour jvfn-td the :: i > ji !; cat ' on in tcio . SiHvciisi- required ti practice this process , which is taught by Mr . Egcrton in a /"• w lessons at amudcnitc charge * AU tho Appr-rarns , Chvin ' csls , A-c . to be had as usual % ' h ' . s lieiut . ! , Teini-lc-ttrctt , ' Ahittfiiars .

      Ad00416

      AUXILIARY TO WE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . THE FOUNDER of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE BENEFIT SOCIETY n-. pcctful ! y acquaints his brethre . i ol tlie L .-: ud C < niji . iiiy and Lis Brother Demo , crats in general , that hisyoj-ct in founflin . " the Society ¦ was to aid and assist tlie National Laud Company in its g lorious ttfoits to cmaiitijiutv the human r . ici' , by po \ w ; tig funds into its esclu-qucr , through the means of the NATIONAL LAND and LA "OUR BANK ; hut the adoption ' of the PEOPLE'S BANK has proved a death blow to the enrolment of t ' jc Society . All enrolled societies since the passing of the New Friend ' y . Societies' Act , being com-Tielied to denosit their cash in the Bank of England , and thusfumi « 5 i the " sinews" to up ' iold n St .-mdii . g Army , Polio <" , Pensioners , it , instead « f aiding to regain the laud fi-r the People , and furnishing " Happy Ho-. nes for Honest Industry , ''—the Founder believes his Brother Democrats will join with him in infinitely preferring the latter ; Iie'bas , therefore , w . th the foil consent and approbation of the Directors , reso ' ved to issue the Rules iMitnnd ed , and although they may lack that protection which tlie ' -Ucgistrar ' s"' sisiiatuieis presumed tu give , he flatters himself the following secur . ties will he snfii citut to inspire confidence in the bosom 'f every llemo . cmt , a : i « pain f-r ( he project that support which wili cause th s little tributary stream ultimately to swell into and . 'lity toirent , ti-jwitig lieely into The Great Land Biter : — J- 'irtt , —Its monies will be Banked with a du ' v Registered Company , tinougii the National Laud and Labour Bank . Secondly , — Its Directors and other officers are men enjoyinir the full confidence of the pcojilo , and whose ,. robity a « d honest V hive been duly t « ted by the members of the "National Laud Cumpiny , " of nhich they arc officetign tv ^ rS j ii ^ n . / .-Its Secret'ries and other officers will be el-i-ted amiuallv bv its member * . Fourt ! - ( y , —flie " Founder and General Secretary ( Mr StaliWoodi h : « s been tor eighteen years past , and still continues , t < e jmfular servsait uf the people , in addition to which he ll ** for several years past , and still is emplovcd as Kvjrtiner to the Northern Mar , and CAlcctor of MoVic ? . bv Mr Fcakcl'S O'Connor , to whom he proudly refers for * Testimonials of character "for honesty aud integrity . The . Society is now fairly launched and sent forth to the world . Rules , Cards , Arc . are now ready to be issued , and those Agent-, ic . "ho have not already obtained them , are requested t «» inferm the Gem ral Secretary what quantity of KuKs , A-c , tht-y -. r ill icquirc , and by what convenience tlity shall be f . in ' wirded . The Secretary or , liis Assistant will l . e in attendance at the Assembly Rooms , s- , Ucauftrtet , Solm , tv .-ry Wednesday Evening , from eight until ten o'cl ck , to enrol members and transact other bu-i aess . ' AR I ' tTfOits desirous of immediate answers will much oblige l < y addiessiiigthur Letters ipre-paid , with Stamp for answei ) to the Secretary , Little Yale-place . Hanuner > mitli-road , Londun . Thanking my Brother Lindsmen and Democrats for the veiy Warm , pr . mpt , and t-ffie ' ent manner in which tliey have espoused my humble project , I am , Biuthtr Ilemoerats , Rexpecifully yours . E » mu . vi > . Stailwood . Assem bly R ^ 'ins . P 3 , Dean-sircer , Soho , April 7 th , 1 S 47 .

      Ad00417

      TO TAILORS . THE LONDON AND PARIS SPEI . VG AND SVilitER FASHIONS for 1817 , are now ready , by BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury square , Loudon ; and by G . Berger , ilolywell-strett , Straitd . May be had of all booksellers wheresoever residing . By approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria and H . R . 11 . Prince Albert , a Splendid i'riiit , beautifully coloured , and vx-juisitidy executed , the whole very superior to a . vythi » , j iv the kind ever before published , this DeuUtifulprint will be accompanied with the most fashionable , full die . Frock , Dress , and Riding Coat Patterns — a complete Paletot , much worn in the Spring as tin over coat—and a youth ' s wcw , f ishionable Hussar Jack t , with stirts—the manner of cutting them for all sizesfull explanation for variation of ity ' e and method of making-tip -with five diagrams , clearly illustrated -and all uw-wirv information resecting style and fashion . Price 10 s ; post free to any part of England , Ireland , Scotland , and Wales , Jls . Fost-office orders , or post stamps received , as cash . . . Read aud C < i . 's System of Cutting , price 2 o « . —Patent Measure * rstJie Set—Patterns to measure , of cvny dc-6 crintion , ' jK . 6 t free to any part of the kingdom Is each . The Method for Cutting tiaiter Trousers , with twelve nlates price . i *« t free , 'is fid .-Busts for fitting Coats on £ v * fi-nSjJporen . ™ provided - Instruction ltl Cut tin " " wwvpVAe . ' ot all tods ofctyle and fashion , winch cmfbeac ? om , ; ii ' be . nn » n . ncre- ^ hly short time , but the pupil may continue until he is fully satisfied

      Ad00418

      BALDNESS EFI ' ECITAI . LY REMOVED . A SUKGEON residing in Cork having ; in the course of hW Practice , had his attention particularly '" i ^ to . and acquired great experience iu the TREAlMEAT OF CA i *? ' ' * RY DISEASES , begs to inform those persons afflicted wiui Bald . YESS ( whether iu youth or ad-/ ££ . ? . * m"a *' ' ' "J a most simple process , JIEPROUEfc that uecesMry ornament . Parties applying Hill re-^ u-vtl ^^ J ^ * " »** «« Mfr . « a a fee of nve fhilduw , hy pwt-ofcee order in favtlUr . 0 f . su , eon ceiiory instructions h ; U be forwarded bv return of post

      Ad00419

      THE 0 HAUTE If . A TOBLIC DISCUSSION Willtnfee place on Hoxdat , tho I 2 th Instant , at THE SOUTH LONDON CIIAIITIST IlALb , Comer of Webber , street , Blackftiirs-road , between AKCKER < Gtf « NEY AND ERNEST JONES . ESQRS n in wlacii SurOurncy will undertake to prove that the People's Charter would be injurious to the Liberties and Hupi'iiicsS'Crf Ac Working Classes . Chair to be taken at eight-o ' clock precisely .

      Ad00420

      TO THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAKB COMPANY . rl-OOL QIJRED SILK KMlDKEvlCrUEES tfOR . THE HOLIDAYS , that way take place on and after lbs > Fkst of May , to be bad of Mr W . M'Grath , 13 . White ' s-irov , Thomas-streot . W'lntecliapel-road -, smd at tlie WTfcittillgtOU and -Cat , Church-row , BethnulgreeJi .

      Ad00421

      OBSERVE . All -correspondence , reports of public meeting ? , Char . UvtaiuVRteaocs' Intelligence , and general questions , must he addressed to Mr . G . J . Habne * , "Northern Star Cffioe , " " iM , 'Great Windmill Street , London . AH legal questions , and matters of loral news , » ot uoticediip . provincial papers , end requiring cotuuvc t . to be addressed to Mr . Eb . vest Jones as above . Afl- < ms 3 tions respecting Bills introduced into the Legislature , Arts of Parliament . iiljcir meaning nnd intent , Ave ., and cpiestions respecting the Ministry , and the members of the-two Ilousrs of Parliament , to be addressed to air George > E ! cming , " Northern Star" Office All .-questions , connected with the management of l : uv 3 , aud tou < £ iing the operations of building , cultivation , & C , to be addressed to Mr . O'Connor Lowbands , Eo 4 Mario , Ledbury , Worcestershire . All communications of Agents , and all matters of accountyto'be addressed t « Mr . W . Rider , "Northern Star Office . " 16 ,-GieatWindmill Stueet , London . All Applications for magazines to bo made through Mr . M'Gowaaj Printer , as above , 53 T All-reports of meetings holdcn in any part of England on the Sunday , must be nt this office by Tuesday ; reports of meetings held on the Monday must be at the office , bv Wednesday . This rule is for " T-rad . a , "aswellas "" Chartist" and "Land Company'" r aeet ' ngs . Notices of " Forthcoming Meetinga , " and correspondeKce requiring answers , roust bc . r . t the office by Wednesday , at the lawst . " Letters'" « ommentiii <( on public questions , intended fcr insertion in full , must be at the office by Tuesday . -Tlie comi » ua « ations of correspondents not attending to the above regulations will stand over .

      The Northern Star Satohday, April 10, 1817.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATOHDAY , APRIL 10 , 1817 .

      The Tkx4l Of The Mechanics. ' In Another...

      THE TKX 4 L OF THE MECHANICS . ' In another part of our paper will be found the most accurate account that , at the ifcie of our going to press , has been published of this most important trial . The result is that the large proportion of seventeen out of twenty-six were acquitted—the remaining nine only were convicted . We understand that Mr . Roberts intends publishing an authentic and elaborate report of the trial , with a history of

      the whole circumstances from beginning to end ; but that , for reasons which we presume are sufficient , he has decided on the postponement of the publication until after the judgment ot the Court of Queen's Bench . Probably this judgment , although the struggle must be renewed immediately and with vigour , may not be pronounced for some time , and it may be well , therefore , to call attention to the present position of the affair , and some of the questions involved in it .

      The simple question on which the whole proceedings were founded was this . The prosecutors contended—supported by the authority of Messrs Lyon and Stubbs—immortal names!—that the mere PICKETING—the persuading men not to work for a particular master—was in itself an offence , if it were the result of a previous combination ; that one person might ^ erawrfe- without any violation of the law , hut that if several combined to persuade , such combinations became by the mere concert an ILLEGAL CONSPIRACY . We give the

      proposition as it was avowed , and in its plain termsneither adding to it nor diminishing . On the other hand , Mr Roberts contended that what was legal in one was legal in a doz : n or in five hundred ; lhat mere concert could not make that a crime which was not a crime—that conspiracy , in fact , was not illegal , unless it rather sought to obtain an illegal object , or to obtain a legal object by illegal means . The importance of this question cannot bn exaggerated . According to the law as laid down by Messrs Lvon and Stubbs , no society of working

      men could be legal . Listen to them , and you would regard the Colliers' Union as a mighty misdemeanor , and the NATIONAL TRADES as bordering on high treason . The question , however , was one which could not safely—so Mr It . fell—be treated with confidence , still less with ridicule . The fact was undeniable , that many cases had been decided on the assumption that combinations , however peaceable , were contrary to law ; but a few years had elapsed since a judge , still on the Bench , had sentenced several colliers to imprisonment for

      refusing to work in a coal mine , until a particular person was dismissed . The question then was an awkward one—to be bravely contested indeed when it fairly arose , hut not lo be rashly provoked ; much depending on the character of the judge before whom the first trial should come—something ou his temper and health of mind at the time . Often and often have we talked over the subject with Mr Roberts ; both of us concurring in the belief that at some time or other the old degrading decisions would be thrown overboard ; but we differed as to

      the chronology of this " some time or other ;' ' how soon it was to be—how long to be postponed . Our opinion was , that the old conspiracy doctrine was destined to survive all those who were on the judicial bench . Mr Roberts , on the contrary , avowed his conviction that " the first good stand-up fight , to manage it as he liked , with a hearty and determined body of men for his client , health , time , and the fortune that favours the brave , he would give the old law a tetrilde shaking . " Our

      expectation did not , as before intimated , travel quite so fast ; nay , we confess to the having entertained a strong fear lhat our Land Fund treasurer was on this occasion a little too confident . And even now , notwithstanding his victory at this the first grand stage of the contest , we warn him not to be too sure . Much , of course , depends on himself * , but far more depends on the question of whether or not his clients will retain their enthusiasm and support the future stages of the fight with the same zeal as hitherto : we shall see .

      We must hurty on , reserving a more minute comment for a future opportunity . There were twentysix defendants . Se ' s "? y was accused , with all the others , of twenty-eight conspiracies , having for their object the impoverishment of the prosecutors , Jones and Potts . The evidence against him was an address and a letter to Cheeseborough and another defendant . Cheeseborough and Bowman were charged with the same ; the evidence against the latter was some papers found in his box , alluding to the picket , aud payments made to them . Chceseborough ' s offence was , that he received the letter from Selsliy , and that it enclosed a l ( tf . note

      for the men out of work . Others , besides being charged with the conspiracies , were sworn to have actually picketed- ' walked up and down in the public road—and sometimes ( when not walking ) standing still and occasionally talking to one another and to persons who happened to pass by . These " walkers up and down" were the real sinners , whom the masters and magistrates desired to catch —the prize which the race was really to be run for . Besides , there was another lot , men who had said , " Bless your eyes , " in French ; to ' d one man he " would be called a knobstick if he went knobstick . iog , " & c . ; but with regard to those the course was more clear , and the issue imo ' ved no principle of

      Importance. If The Several Witnesses Spo...

      importance . If the several witnesses spoke the truth , it was known that all the talkers would be acquitted ; but as there was a strong probability that the gentry who swore so stiffly at Warrington would be well prepared for tlieir cross-examination at Liverpool , the talkers were compelled to calculate that some might be convicted . The rem . struggle , however—that which involved the existence of every Trade ' s Union in the Empire—was with regard to the picket—or rather to that portion ot them against whom there was no charge whatever , but that quietly and peaceably they walked vt and bowjj , looking for strangers

      who were coming to work for the prosecutors , pointing out to them the grievances that existed , arguing quietly upon those grievances , and nersuading , by the calm language of reason , that it was good , proper , religious , honourable , charitable , and humane , to combine , confederate , and conspire together , to stand out until the particular oppression was removed . This was the weapon which Ihe masters avowed would ruin them—threats , violence , and intimidatiou they did not care about , for those they could meet and counteract by the Intimidation Act ; but reason and argument—and that too by their own workmen " walking up and down "—oh 1 it bothered them sadlv ! there was no getting

      over it . Well , the trial has taken place , and before a just judge . Next week we hope to have a verbatim copy of Baron Rolfe ' s summing up to the jury . The powerful point of that summing up was , a succession of distinct and well-rounded periods , to the effect that all conspiracies were legal , which were not attended with violence , molestation , or threatening language—that the PICKET was perfectly legalthat the men who had left the prosecutors' employ , had an undeniable right to persuade others not to go

      there . It was curious to observe the fallen counteunices of the counsel for the prosecution , as one after another , in . clear and unraistakeable language , the JUST JUDGE enumerated these principles of truth and common sense . True , he dealt " a heavy blow and great discouragement'' to the old legal decisions —but so far from being discouraged b y that fact , he really appeared to feel a positive pleasure in the task he had set for himself . We shall have many opportunities of commenting on this charge , and shall gladly avail ourselves of them .

      Then came the verdict . All the defendants who had merely picketed were acquitted—the judge ' s charge had been so direct and pointed , that the jury could not avoid this conclusion . With regard to the other defendants , the verdict was a villanons one ; but we must reserve our further comments till next week . The case ( on hchalf of those who are convicted ) will come on again next week , or the week after , in the Queen ' s Bench . We shall give a full report of the argument .

      The Ratepaying Clauses. When A Radical C...

      THE RATEPAYING CLAUSES . When a radical change is being struggled for , we have always regarded as an act of doubtful policy the direction of the public energies towards a halfmeasure , not involving the full principle upon which the change is advocated . This objection does not , however , exist as regards the agitation for the Repeal of the Ratepaying Clauses . The principles which are opposed to the clauses are the same on which universal suffrage is advocated . TAXATION BEFORE

      REPRESENTATION , is the great legislative evil under which the country suffers . Taxation before representation , is the foundation on which the ratepaying qualification is based . The object of all laws should be , to leave as little power as possible in the hands of such subordinate functionaries ; as from their circumstances f licy are open to bribery , and from their position subservient to party influence . Now , tbe Ratepaying Clauses are tlie very agents whicii create this unconstitutional power . We all know that municipal elections , and the appointment 0 ]

      parochial officers , are but , iu general , the manifestations of party preponderance ; when the time for parliamentary elections comes , the municipal authorities will be sure to use tlieir power in the interest of the party to which they belong , and additional poor-rates , arbitrarily imposed , may disfranchise many a political opponent , while rigour or leniency , both transgressing Hie law , may be used with an effect but too subversive of individual liberty . It it absolutely necessary , lor the sake ol verifying the promises of the Reform Act itself , that these clauses

      should be repealed—it is doubly necessary for tin ; sake o f Reform . The Reform Act was intended to establish the franchise , on the basis of a proper !} qualification alone ; it has , however , been further limited to a rate and tax-paying qualification : thus , while the act was stated not to be a final measure , but a progressive one , we find that it has been retrogressive in its entire tendency , and has thrown tlie accumulated weight of different restrictions oa the undeniable right of every sane adult to the franchise-Everv effort to subvert so injurious a monopoly musi

      be hailed with delight ; the more so in this instance , since every argument urged in favour of a Repeal ol the Ratepaying Clauses must unavoidably involve the principles of universal suffrage ; aud thus , on the wings o f the Press , that dares not pass over parliamentary eloquence in silence , give publicity to those principles which it has vainly endeavoured to stifle , when it found itself unable to refute . Again : this species of restriction taken off the franchise , would le : 1 much to extend its limits , and infuse some democratic blood in the constituencies ; it would facilitate that great desideratum , the return of Chartist members to the House ; and moreover , at the eve of a general election , it will be the test by which to

      distinguish the friend from the foe—since all those who vote AGAINST us , and all those who vote NO T AT ALL , must he set down under the latter category . We trust the public will strengthen Mr Duucomhe ' s hands on the occasion of his renewed motion on the Reform Act , since it is not individual elo - quence that can convince the hirelings of a party , determined to close their ears to the voice of right ; it is not a reluctance to break tlieir solemn compact with the nation that can influence the concoctors ol that great juggle , the Reform Act ; hut it is the fear of the people that can alone tame TYRANNY INTO EXPEDIENCY , force FRAUD into JUSTICE , and FINALITY into PROGRESSION .

      Police Spies. A Correspondent Of The Mor...

      POLICE SPIES . A correspondent of the Morning Chronicle calls attention to the fact that scarcely an assize is now held that policemen do not e , ive evidence against prisoners which they have obtained by either listening at the cells , or within the ceils by dressing themselves in disguises , and pretending to have been committed for some offence . ' At a recent trial at Oxford , it came out that two policemen had been placed in the same cell with the prisoners , disguised , —one in a smock frock , the other in some ordinary dress , for the purpose of enterin ; . ' into conversation with and obtaining evidence against them ! One of these spies pretended that he was in for a felony ; the other for bastardy . This villanous system is becominK the established rule . The knowledge of this by the people , joined to the excessive insolence and firms brutality of threefourths of " the force , " excites universal odium against the present " guardians of the peace and order of society . " Hence the police force has no moral power—none care to assist them , even when engaged in a righteous duty . The atrocious perjuries of the police in connexion with the Dagenham murder , to say nothing of the suspicion of darker criiiii-ti , is an indication of the utter want of truth and morality pervading the ranks of the present constabulary . Jt is high time that a reform of this body was effected , aad it is disgraceful

      Police Spies. A Correspondent Of The Mor...

      to Parliament that that reform ha ^ been so long delayed . The gendarmer ' e of France , or the sbirri of Italy , are not more bated by tbe people of those countries , than are the police by the English people , and with good reason . As one of the pro ; s of tho present " system . " this Judas-force forms an additional reason for the people obtaining that radical reform of the fountain of law whicii tho Charter would effect ; wanting which there is , we fear , but little hope of obtaining a reform of tho spy-and-bludjjeonocracy .

      Retrospect Of The Session. No One Who Ha...

      RETROSPECT OF THE SESSION . No one who had given the slightest consideration to the matter doubted that the unhappy and wretched condition of Ireland would absorb the lion ' s share of the time and attention of Parliament during the present session . So far it has done so , and having arrived at a sort of landing-place with the Easter holidays , it naturally occurs to us to take a retrospect of the semi-Session , and to ask , what are the practical results of Governmental action , and of Legislative deliberation ?

      The problem offered for solution was a difficult but not impossible one . The very magnitude of the evils by which Ireland was overwhelmed , while they called for an extraordinary effort for their removal offered facilities for that purpose to a bold and clearsighted Minister . While the old lumbering machinery of Society works tolerably easy in the ususal style , there are always " vested interests ' ' and privileged classes sufficiently powerful to retard , if not arrest , the progress of needful reforms ; but when a nation arrives at the climax of the evils produced by

      long-continued misgovcrnraent , such opposition , if not altogether destroyed , is diminished in potency . The path is cleared of some of the obstructions which lie in the way of political and social improvements , and the Government for the time being arc exempted from the necessity of ruling upon traditional maxims and obsolete precedents by the very novelty and urgency of the new circumstances they are called upon to meet . Ireland has long been the diseased member of the body politic . It is ostensibly an integral part of a mighty empire of which we are accustomed to boast ,

      that it stands in the very van of civilization ; that it is the richest , most prosperous , most enlightened , most powerful , and most extensive of modern limes . We point with pride to the fact , that its language is spoken in every clime ; that its commerce has penetrated every habitable part of the globe ; and that its fleets proudly claim the dominion of the sea . Yet , as if to rebuke this vain-glorious self-adnlation , up starts the awful and appalling spectacle of an island separated from the seat of Government only by a few miles of sea , in which the people are perishing in tens of thousands by famine and pestilence , at the very moment when wheat , barley , oats , hacon ,

      butter , eggs , oxen and sheep , are leaving their ports for the wealthier markets of England , there to be converted into money , to be spent by absentee landlords , or added to the hoards of usurious mortgagees . It is quite clear that in such a case the implied conditions which constitute the basis of all human societies have been violated . Everything is unnatural , unjust , monstrous . Disorganisation anarchy , discontent , insecurity and violence , are the natural result of this subversion of all the fundamental principles of human association , and the imperative duty of the Government is to begin at the beginning , not tamper with evils which have outgrown the ameliorative effect of mere palliatives .

      Such was the position and the duty of the present Cabinet with reference to Ireland . It was clear that the existing institutions in that country had totally failed to answer the objects of society . The time had come , in fact , to rc-construct them afresh , and to base them upon such principles of productive and distributive equity as should , when they were ; iu' in operation , enforce industrv , secure to labour its just reward , to capital its ri ghtful return—prosperity and contentment to all . That this could have been done , may be done , with the land , mines

      lislienes of Ireland , and the labour of Irishmen , we confidently believe and assert . These arc the original elements out of which all wealth is created . A slat esman-like plan , which would have brought the aid of British capital , energy , and skill , to the practical and general development of the now latent capabilities of Ireland , was all that was required to raise that country to a height of prosperity , as great as her present abasement is deep , in consequence of the tyrannical , unjust , and truly disgraceful manner in which she has hitherto been governed .

      Unfortunately for us and for Ireland no such comprehensive or practical proceedings were to be expected from the present . Ministry . The party to which they belong has ever shown itself deficient in all the higher qualities of statesmen and politicians , and the Whigs of 1817 will do little to retrieve or elevate its character . Instead of seizing the opportunity offered by the state of things , thus slightly sketched , for introducing a new tenure of the soil , and liberating the Irish serf from the thraldom of landlord and middleman , for supplying incitements and means to pursue such a course in future , as

      should prevent the recurrence of a similar calamity , Lord John Russell proposed a series of small incongruous nostrums , apparently taken at random from the heap of suggestions propounded by different parties . He had not the political genius to fuse them down into one homogeneous mass , to pervade them with one idea , and link them together so consecutively , that one plan would re-act beneficially on the other , and all tend to the production of a given general result . The only certain thing that could be extracted from the heterogeneous bundle was , that Lord John Russell was very much afraid of "¦ he master-curse of Ireland—its landlords , and

      resolved to propUiate them at any price . In order to do this the ministerial plans were divided into two sections , temporary and permanent , the first being intended to remedy the consequences of previous legislative blundering in the matter of the Labour-Rate Act , and to mitigate the pressure of the desf itution , while proceeding with more lastin g measures . What progress has been made with

      these different classes of measures such as they are ? All the " temporary " ones have passed ; but so far with little appearance of having met the exigencies of the crisis . As yet the results are small in comparison with the wants . Ireland is in a worse state now , at Easter , than it was at Christmas ; pauperism and deaths—strange companions ' . —increase in spite of the efforts to arrest them . The ministerial " temporary " policy is a failure as far as it has

      gone . Of the " permanent" measures , those intended to put Ireland in a better aud safer slate for the future as far as Whig comprehension can master that problem , the New Poor Law and the loans to landlords , are in progress . Of the first we fully expressed our opinion last week , aud see no reason to retract it . The measure was from the beginning only

      valuable as a legislative recognition of , the right of the peop le of Ireland to employment or subsistence in their native land . But even this abstract value has been practically destroyed by ministers agieeing to two amendments (?) proposed by the opponents of tlie Bill ' : the first increasing the number of ex officio guardians , and taking the management out of the hands of Ihe middle or trading classes , and the other for limiting the relief in all cases to persons

      Retrospect Of The Session. No One Who Ha...

      who occupy more than a quarter of an acre of land . As it now stands , the Bill is a disgusting mockery ot the name it bears . As to tbe plan for lending the landlords money to improve their estates , the wisdom , efficiency , and applicability of that measure has never been clear to our minds . On principle we say , that if the State lends money for public pur . poses and the employment ol labour , the profits and results of that money and labour ought to belong to the Slate and the labourers , the two active agents in the transaction , and not to any third class . We would have no sleeping partners in such affairs .

      As to the other " permanent" measures of the ministerial programme , with the exception of one to facilitate the sale of encumbered estates , which has only been introduced—not explained-they are all visions of the future . The Bill for the reclamation of waste lands is still an imaginary thing , and it is said will continue so . A Bill was promised to improve the relations between landlord and tenant . Doubt is now expressed as to whether it will ever be introduced . Not one of the " permanent" measures has as yet received a substantial existence—some are likely never to do so .

      What hope , under such circumstances , is there that Ireland will next year , or the year after that , he in a better position than it is now , if such paltering , peddling legislation as this is permitted to go on ? It is at once a curse to Ireland and to Great Britain . On the one it entails protracted suffering , destitution , disease , and the destruction of that most valuable of all national qualities , the spirit of independence and self-helpfulness ; and upon the other , a continued necessity for contributing to the mitigation of lhat miseiy which is thus artificially generated and kept in existence ,

      with the pain of seeing that the efforts for its suppression are fruitless . In fact , the whole legislation of the present Cabinet for Ireland is one huge blunder . They are spending about a million a month on desperate temporary expedients—they are reaay to lend the landlords some two millions aud a half . The million that was proposed to be spent on the reclamation of waste is only a promise . In proportion to the permanent and effectual character of the measure , they are hesitating and parsimonious ; in reckless temporary expedients , they have proved bold and lavish .

      Ihe most notable measures not connected with the wants of Ireland , introduced by tlie Government , have been the scheme of extended education , the altered scheme of transportation , the sanitary bill , and the limited enlistment bill ; the two fu-it being in reality out of Parliament , inasmuch as it is proposed to carry them out by a stretch of prerogative , without asking the formal consent of

      the Legislature . So fas as can be seen , these seem to be the social and colonial reforms promised by the Premier on taking office . They form another illustration of the manner in which Whigs "keep the word of promise to the car , but break it to the hope . " The Education scheme is confessedly below the want ; it is not the measure of National Education which Lord John ' s announcements

      raised an expectation o r ; and his endeavour to avoid opposition by smuggling it through ihe Privy Council , instead of submitting it to Parliament , besides being dangerous as a precedent , and unconstitutional in itself , has failed in the object in view . Mr Baines and the Dissenters are quite as wild and determined in their resistance to the ' small go " as they could possibly have been to the largest and boldest measure .

      1 lus hesitation and timidity on the part of the Minister has not been justified by anything in the conduct of either House of Parliament . Every disposition has been shown to support the Ministerial plans and an anxious desire to expedite the business of the nation at large . Weak as a party , Ministers have on all great questions obtained large majorities , and , with few exceptions , a general desire lo support them has been manifested . Sir Robert Peel

      has been a coadjutor , not an opponent . Under these circumstances , there is no excuse for their failure . Parliament has exhibited a total absence of party obstructiveness , and a readiness for the work before it , but Ministers want vigour to take advantage of that disposition . They have neither coinage nor earnestness sufficient to use the power which a peculiar state of parties has for the time being thrust upon them *

      To one measure only which is still in progress can we look with satisfaction in this retrospect of the semi-Session—the Ten Hours' Bill . Its triumphant success in the Lower House is almost a guarantee that it will pass through the Peers unscathed . 1 ! so , it will bt ! the great legislative feature of the Session , and render 1847 memorable in ihe aunals of Parliament , as being the year in whicii an agitation was consummated , which was originated by Robert Owen in 1812 , and has been continued by the working classes ever since under various leaders ,

      with an earnestness , intelligence , courage and peacefulness which reflects upon them the highest honour . But for this legislative consummation of these long-continued labours , let it be remembered that the Ministry , as a Ministry , can take no credit To the individual members of the Cabinet who supported it let all due honour be given ; but et not the fact of their having done so cause forget fulness of the other fact , that it was opposed , and strenuously too , by several el' the most important ministers ,

      including the Chancellor of the Exchequer . In lookin" back to the year in which the factory slave finally achieved emancipation from long hours of life-wearing toil , none will think of ( he Ministry as being entitled to gratitude in tho matter . Tiie review of their whole policy during the portion of the Session we have gone through proves them to be altogether useless to the emergences of the times , and that Irish regeneration and English reform will have to come from other hands .

      Co -Ufamersf ^ Gorrotooittai: 10,

      Co -Ufamersf ^ Gorrotooittai : 10 ,

      Leqal, Ii, S., Newent.—Ynu May Distrain ...

      LEQAL , II , S ., Newent . —Ynu may distrain for the eleven months rent , and jour tenant being , I conceive , a monthl ) tenant , you roust give him , at least , one month ' s notice to quit , and the periad of his quitting must be at the end of a current month , computed from the com irmicement of bis tenancy . A Constant Reader , Glasgow . —Send a copyof the agreement , as , without teeing it , I cannot give an opinion . II , —Tlie only notice is the declaration , four days after service of which they can obtain judgment . II , A . L , —The brother of the deceased Is compellable to account to tbe widow and administratrix of the

      deceased tor all menus which camo to his hand , or which lie received from the business after the death of tho deceased , for l am of opinion that the business must be considered to have been carried on for the benefit of the estate of the deceased , having been carried on with capital belonging to the deceased , A , Z . —If the brother of the deceased will not rentier tho widow a fair account , andpny ovtr the monies , she must tilts a bill in equity against him , though before she actuall y takes sucli a step , you had better inform me of the result of her application to the brother . The deceased having died intestate and without issue , the widow is intitled to one-half of the property , after pay .

      inent of all debts , and the next of kin of the intestate to the other half ; and the intestate ' s brother , who curried on the businesi during tbe four months , Is entitled to a fair remuneration for his time and trouble . T . Mohgan , GreatMalv . ru . —Apply to a magistrate aud ho will deal with tho case . J . M , Newton Heath . —Let me know the number of shareholders . J . B ., Derby . —Mr lloggart having sent for ihe surgeon is liable to the payment of the surgeon ' s bill , aud also to compensation , Kobebt Toon , York . —Your second letter has come to hand ; you needs » wl no ** atnp«—but , being too late this week , you ' tball be answered In the next .

      Leqal, Ii, S., Newent.—Ynu May Distrain ...

      1 > . L ., Halifax . —In what year did your father ^ 7 ^* die , and in what jft-ar did Ju , tj Ce Lo , j Re d . . * 0 " «> ia was the nature of the property which jourf !^ couma died possessed off Iatl } er ' , An Isle of Wight CumiST .-lst . Tbe «» i ita . , proof of identity a 8 to tbe person , is sumcieii 1 . 1 " * the marriage of the parents is also proved . re 2 nd . Some clergymen are strict and refuse wh * ,...,. child has not been baptised , ' e " )» David Mormsok .-Wha had lost his emplo yment i , reason oftlie false character given by the foreman actionfor damages would have laid against the f * " * mm ; but , not having lost bis situation , the probabV li'y is he would recover no damapes and have to the costs If he thinks It worth his while to procwd against him by criminal information for a iibn h may do so , though I should not advise it In 5 u cn case . a S . B ., Hamilton . —lie is punishable under the act a gainst tha truck-system .

      B . 0 . C . —If the saleof the ale or spirits was authorised by the publican ' s license , the debt may be recovered if contracted or acknowledged in writing within the last six years , W . * X ., Northwood . —You have no ri ght whatever to the property . W . Gov , Doncastev—Did sour uncle leave you a legacy or give you anything b y his will , which you hav « not received ? If he did , send me a copy of the will . A CuNSTAHT READIK . —1 st . If the intestate's son survived his father , tlie son himself became entitled to a distributive share of his father ' s pergonal i state and such share now belongs to the son ' s perronal representative ; but if the son died io his father ' s lifetime then the son ' s son is entitled to the share which his father would have been entitled to , had he survived the intestate .

      2 ii'l . The female grandchild has no right to any share of the property , _ 3 rd . If the administrator refuses to account for and divide the assets , any of the next of kin may file a bill in Chancery against the administrator . 4 th . The next of kin of the intestate are the persons entitled to administration . 5 th . The property being small , the expense will not be considerable . Thomas Hakper —I have handed jour letters to Mr

      Wheeler , to whom , or to Mr , Rider , your comaiunica lions ought to have been addressed—I not being con nected with the matters they referred to . E , J . J . G ., Coventry . —Maria Sadler and Ann Burgess , liar , lug none of the blood of John Kidney , have not the remotest claim to the property . It would rathtr es . cheat to tbe lord than go to them . Notice—Mr . Ernest Janes cannot undertake to answer any legal communications not * addressed to himself and postage-heads must be enclosed with all letters requiring private answers .

      MISCCtlANEOUS . J . E Jones , Mcrthyr—The thre- questions asked would requite an essay to answer tully ; and after it was written , it would only be the opinion of the wr . ter on the subject , from which others might legitimately dissent . ^ As to the broad principle involved in all the questi ns , that of trying representatives by a high * ¦ standard of education , it most be obvious that , in pro . portion to the extent and variety of the knowledge possessed by a legislator , the better will he be ablu to perform his duties . Mr IkUNDEii , Liverpool . —Yon can get them on app'ica . tion to Mr Heynrood , 58 , Oldham Street , Man . Chester . UoiiraT BoTTojftET , Mirfitld —Make the circumstance known to the Postmaster-General , " A TnAVELLEB , " and J . Cu . vmincs , Edinburgh—Next week .

      To the Chartists and Members if the Land Com . panv TiiRoectiour the KiXGQOK— We , the Chartists Of Ujlston , beg most respectfully to inform you that a very valu-ible and splendid tea tray , of the Victoria Gothic stylr , representing O'Connorvillc , in the richest colours , with a border in imitation of rosewood edged and inlaid wiih gold , got up by a first-rate artist belonging to the LandCompany . will be balloted for at the house of Mr Linney , High street , BiUton ; the proceeds to be devoted to the Widows ' , Orphans ' , Veterans' , and Victims' Fond . We have resolved tho ballot shall fce open to all p'trties , and the number cf subscribers be unlimited— subscriptions 6 d . each . We earnestly entreat that every Chartist locality throughout the country will contribute to the support of those who

      have suffered , and are still suffiring , for the glorious cause of Bight against Might . Whcte the subscribers are few , th , y can send the amount in postage-stamps , otherwise byPost-offlceOrder , addressed to MrLinney , as above . Tbe winner , ( who may be proud of the prize ) no matter how distant his residence may be , will receive the tray , carriage paid , and free of all expense . Any parties desirous of sending monies for Old . Daddy Richards , can forward the same to Mr Linney , High-street , Bilsion . The members of thi locality have resolved ( with the ( rifles he receives from his friends , and the Victim fund ) they will keep him beyond the reach of want , A Public Supper will be held « t the house oi Mr Josh . Linney , Ilfgh-street , Dilston , on Tuesday , April the 27 th , to celebrate the

      deparlore of Mr Slwrt to his allotment at Herrings . gate ; likewise to present Mr Win . Furnival , secretary to this branch of the Land Company , with a present , as a token of respect for his gratuitous services . W . W ., ltiyjil Exchange . —No . We have a cart-load of " poetry" on hand ; it is impossible to print a tithe of what we receive . The article entitleu . " The Politics of my Hi art , " does you credit , Dal « ton . —The " Report" shall appear in our next . Mr Perrv . —Your letter with Mr O'Connor ' s reply shall appear in our ncxt » Wisqate . Cuange . —We did acknowledge your communicition in a previous numbtr . Is yourintimation from the " masters " or the " men ! " "» Y . P ., Aberdeen —Received .

      Tiie A1ukder In Siioreditcii. At The Cen...

      TIIE A 1 UKDER IN SIIOREDITCII . At the Central Criminal Court on Thuvsdar tT . Brookes , ayed 21 , described as an umbrella-maker , was placed in tlie dock , ei . arged with the wilful murder of W . Gobart . . Mr Olaifce stated the case to the jury , the factsof which have been recently before the public . Richard Eaton , a tin-plater , l > , Cock-alley . Shoreditch . — Recollected on Wednesday , the l , lh ol March , being near Hare-alley , lie went there about 10 minutes to 10 . Jarres Yadkifisandthe deceased were with him . The deceased desired him to call the prisoner , and ho went and called out , " Tom , come do wa ; ] i \\\ wants to speak to you . " The deceased

      wished tho _ prisoner to give him tho tickets that were in his box , aud the prisoner answered that he would not give them to him until lie had paid him , aud lie did not know that he would Hive them to him then : and if he ( the deceased ) would stop there a minute he would put a bullet thtou . 'h his head . He ( the witness ) then said , " I ' ll nut stop here to be shot at , " nnd lie went off . lie left Vadkins ami the deceased in the court . Shortly afterwards he went up stairs to his own room , and heard the report of a gun . He then went down stairs , and saw the deceased lying a * , the door in a pool of Wood . The prisoner was not there , lie then went for a doctor .

      James Vadium ! and Charles Eaton gave similar evidence . Mary Jams , tlie younger , resides in Uare Alley , in the same house as tho prisoner . She kept company with the prisoner , and was sitting at the door on the 17 th of March . Sonic words arose between the prisoner and Richard Eaton , but she only recollected the words , "God strike me dead . " She then went up stairs but did hod remain a moment , and when slio came down stairs again she saw the deceased sUnding at the top of the court , at which time Richard Eaton and the prisoner were standing there , and she saw the deceased strike the prisoner on the forehead three or four times ; the deceased also challenged the prisoner to no out to Cock-lane to lh ; ht , and the prisoner said it was not worth his while to touch him ; she then went

      out to Shorcditcli , hut she stopped a moment . There were half a dcz < m people in the court ; there were Charley Eaton and Dicky E tton , and all of them said , that "they had a good bout at Tom Brookes ' s , nnd if they had a bullet they would blow his brains out" —they " would blow ' his nose off . " The deceased said , " No , but if : I had a good knife I would stick it into him . " ' All of them then went out to Cock-lane . She went i into Shoreditck to get a herring for iter supper , and , directly she returned she heard the report of a gun . , She was net absent but a few moments . The prisoner c was not one of ihe six persons who went out to Cock- - lane . W hen she came back foil over deceased ' s body j at the door , and she went up to her mother ' s room , , where she saw the prisoner standing at the door , and i he hung round her neck , and said , "Damn it , I have e done it . " '

      Mary Brooks said that the prisoner's sister and d the deceased had lived together for eighteen months , s , and the prisoner was quite aware of the fact , but it it l-j i " annojr l ' ' nor ' far as slie kneff ff did that circumstance- create any quarrel between u the deceased and the prisoner . Mr Clarkion then addressed the jury lor the ie prisoner in a very able and eloquent speech . Mr Justice Coleridge summed up , and the jury ry delivered a verdict of " Manslaughter , " when the he prisoner was sentenced to transportation for life .

      The Lath Accident On Tiik South Westers ...

      The Lath Accident on tiik South Westers rs Railway . —The man ( Glazier ) who received such ich frightful injuries on Good Friday evening nt the , he Nine Elms stat'oe of tho South Western Riiiway is ! is progressing very favourab ' y . He underwent ampu- putation of the lower part of the right leg soon after tCC his admission into Si Thomas's Hospital , which be he bore with wonderful fortitude . The left fcotisSOsSO much crushed , and the bones are in such an injured , red condition , that very faint hopea are entertainedncd of saving the limb , whicii it is feared will likewl » evl » e require amputation . Thescal p wounds ani the frac-ractured arm are going on very well . Thk Kia-o of Hoiland . — Tug IUqub , April 2 .-2 . — The health of the king has improved , who has becnrecn severely indisposed .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10041847/page/4/