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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th January 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY IN AUSTRALIA. The ...

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      Lavm 9. 1847. . ~- - - . Thehho&Therfl S...

      lavm 9 . 1847 . . ~ - - - . THEHHO & THERfl STAR . «

      /Orrign Iflobnwnts.

      / orrign iflobnwnts .

      •• And I Will War, At Least In Wards, (A...

      •• And I will war , at least in wards , ( And— should » y chance to happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thought l "

      411 think I hew a little bird , who sings ^ The people byandby wUlbe thestronger . -iJws . SOCIAL REFORM PARIES IN AMERICA . _ ,.. , , . . ~ w !« nTof those sections of the We think a ^ J ^ X United States not comprogressive movement in we ^ ^ . ^ Rcformere prised in the r anks f / will be interesting to our " * ^ SSetioS we shall confine ourselves fo ^ be " C ^ mmTnists , " and the "Association" when we have laid tbat the Commnniate gene-JrfoUow Robert Owen , or at least approximate i ? tb eir views to his , we have said sufficient to give " readers » n idea oftheir principles and aims . In the earlv part of 1815 we find one of the speakers of their party making the following statement :-

      The One-Mentian farmof 800 acres is purchased and id for ; chartered by the Sute of Pennsylvania with a defined and published system , constitution and code of laws ; and in fhetwenty months that this Community has been in operation there have been some forty acres cleared , a large log hou » e built , ind th * saw mill it rendv for operation ; aud when the spring opens a num . ber of dweliingt will be put up , and manufacturing in a small way carried oh to at to make it self-supporting at soon ss possible . What has been the subsequent history of this

      Ommunity vedo not know . There is or was two or three other Communities but of their history we canno t speak . In October 1 S 45 a " World's Convention" was held at Sew York , Mr . Owen was the convener of the Convention and its chairman ; amongst the delesates present was G . II . Evans , editor of Young America , and several leading " National Reformers . " A variety of " plant" were submitted to the Contention , several of which were adopted . The following brief extract of the proceedings is from Young America .

      The Convention was emphatically Mr . Owen ' s Convention . Itis . true thattherewas afew personspreseat from Europe , and a number from different parts of the Cnion ; and it ^ is true that all plans of reform presented were discusted ' and decided upon ; but it it equally true that Mr Owen ' s plan wot the beginning and end of the Convention , and that he considered that nothing thort of his plan came legitimately within the meaning of the call . The organization of the Convention wai such that each setsiou wis In fact but a public meeting to deliberate on such plaits as might be brought forward at the time , At two of the largest of these , two plans were adopted , { chose of Boray and Evans , ) both of which embraced the restoration of the soil by political action , and several other desirable refenns .

      Mr . Owea ' s plan also , adopted at the last meeting , is , in brief , to ' establish communities by Incorporate Joint Stock Associations , the Communities to be built and let to the operitivet by the Capitalists , and to have the right of redeeming the ttock , which Mr . Owen think * may be done in twenty years . The amount necessary to establish a community of three thousand persons , he estimates at three million of dollars , and he thinks that when one shall be established it a model , they will soon bioomegeneraL We have not heard that Mr . Owen ' s " Joint . Stock Communist Associations" have advanced beyond the resolution-voting of the . convention , but we fancy thjy have not . It was resolved that an annual

      «• World ' s Convention" should be bsld on the 1 st et October in each year , but we have not heard of any such Convention having taken place in October last . Recent American papers show , however , that Mr-Owen is yet indefatigable and undismayed in propagating his views . His addresses are somewhat curious more particularly his praises of *• democracy " as the great instrument for effecting social retorra ! We mav dismiss this portion of the subject in the wtrds of the editor of Young America : — "Comnullum mav be the ultimate siaie of society , but a restoration of individual rights by political action , or otherwise , is a raeaiure absolutely necessary to human progress . "

      The As < ocrAiiosisrs , ( Foarierites ) , seem to command more public attention , at lea-it they are better represented in the press , having several organs et first-rate talent , and one—the New Yorjfc Tribune , possesses great influence . Recently this party pubiwhed a lengthy statement of their principles and objects , from which wegive tl efollowing extracts : — STATUUST Of the " American Union of Associationists . " Observing with regret , though without surprise , that misconceptions , errors , and calumnies , are widely circulated in relation to the doctrines of Association—We , the uadersigaed Officers of the " American Union of Associationists , " feel bound ouce again to state to our couutrvmeu the real objects which we have in view .

      We are convinced that the Associative movement is a Providential one , —that it fulfils the promises so long announced through ages of conflict and suffering ; that it opens a new era of justice and peace ; tbat it practically embodies the Christian Law of Love , establishes the liberties and rights of citizens which have been sought in vai & by legislators ia ancient and modern times , and successfully completes the reforms which the philanthropists of all Christian and civilized lands are pruclaiming . Therefore do we summon all men to hearken to our criticisms of existing outrages and miseries , to respond to our appeals for efficient efforts to remove thsse intolerable wrongs against Man , —to accept tbe principles of the Combined Order of Society , if they eaa see them as we do , to be just and wise , —aud practically to apply them in hope and truth .

      It is our conviction that the existing system of Society sailed Civilization is radically false and corrupt in several of its prominent institutioas , and that a reform of thit system is laid as a solemn duty ^ upon every enlightened pe > ple . The institutions belonging as elements to present society , which we condemn as false , corrupting , brutalizing , or oppressive , and which can only be removed by an integral reform , are britfly the following : —War , or legal aud honourablebutchery , carried on by . nations ; Slavery , or the ownership of man by man ; the system of Labour for Wages or the Slavery of Capital ; the existing

      wasteful , complicated and fraudulent system of Commjree ; free , oranarchial Competition , with its hatreds , jealousies , frauds and lies ; the monopoly of the Soil , and of Machinery ; Pauperism ; Prostitution , aud nil approximations to it , such as mercenary marriages , and legalized imparity ; the present defective methods oi Education , and unequal opportunities of the same ; the repugnant and degrading system of Labour , which lies at the foundation of slavery , idleness , physical debility and disease , and tbe general poverty in society ; the universal Cosflici op Istebebts and Hostility or Ciisjri .

      In place of all these we aim to establish a new Social Ounxa which shall create abundant riches , aud distribute th : m according to the laws of Justice ; which shaU banish poverty and pauperism , and the miseries to which tbsy give rise for ever from the earth ; which shall astoelate the interests of all classes , and destroy in their very source , the causes of telfisbnees , and antagonism , fraud , litigation and crime ; which shall secure to every Child the benefits of a complete moral , intellectual and physical development ; which shall break the chuinsof the slave and tbe fetters of want and starvation that bind the hireling ; which shall banhh idleness fro » satiety by so organising industry as to dignify it and render it attractive ; which shall secure an honourable aud

      congenial sphere of activity in industry , and the arts and sciences to womrn , together with pecuniary independence and the enjoyment of equal rights with man , which alone can . renova prostitution and venal marriages affisctuilly from the world ; which shallrenderihe health of the body , and a true development and harmonious action of all the faculties and passions of the soul , which CJnstitute happiness , the general rule instead of the exception as they now are ; which shall establish an enlightened and philanthropicpubJic opinion that will honestly examine and accept new ideas , new discoveries asid plans of improvement ; and which in short shall base the prosperity , liberty and peace of nations upon a true aad sure foundation .

      Thus we propose to reform society , and lay earnest and T 98 olute , though patient and conciliatory , hands on the barbarian institutions which civilised man has too long tolerated , and against which the consciei . ee aud judgment of Christendom cry aloud . But there are other institutions of modern society which we leave untouched , whose beneficial influericts we recognise , and whose tendencies to a higher good should be developed and perfected , while at the tame tfme we are assured that if any radical changes are to take place in them they will be accomp lished by other men than those of the present times 5 the chief of these institutions are the Christian Church , Marriage and Represents tive Government .

      Thus in relation to the Church , we believe that the time is approaching when the scattered and hostile sects into which it it divided , will be brought into the same fi . ld , and one Universal Church will be established on tiie earth . But we have , a body , no idea whatever of undertaking the reform necessary to tffect this result ; tb » t work lies out of our sphere ; we leave it to the future . But still we do not hesitate to declare tbat it c * nnot ba brought about while discord and selfisbne-s are the fundamtrmtal laws of society , and we call upon Christians of every tect to be true to their professions . "If a man love not his brother whom be hath seen , how Cm be love God whom he hath not seen V

      And so with regard to Marriage ; we bold that it is the nost sacred and important of e xisting social ties , and tlius that it U the pivot on which the order of society de . Psnds . Accordingly , our position is that the existing in . sUtu'don is to be maintained in its greatest possible dlgnty and purity . We beBtve that with the establUhmeat « f Truth and Justice in the practical affairs of society ; * ith the abolition of poverty ,-and with the guaranty of P * cuaiary independence to all persons , the most fatal ^ ptatious to debase and piofane this relation will be r « aored , and that mercenary marriages and other Issued prostitution , with the loathsome dent aud ttewa Uut are tolerated in the midst of the most virtuous and reltgiojai communities , aad the degradisf aad brutish

      •• And I Will War, At Least In Wards, (A...

      h abit * which nak . aociaty & hell , will disappear . Bat to Purer and nobler generation * , more upright , honourable and gentroua , «• lwe aU legislation on this tuWieot . It It form to maintain the institution inviolable . He . rerthelets . we shall not refrain from tbe duty of exposing iu the strongest colours tbe meannats , the shameless iniquity and corruption on the one hand , and the bitter , llfe-consunHBg sorrows oa the other , whieh prevail in thia rotation throughout sorim . The system of Representative Government , it ithardly necessary to say , wt regard as she greatest step of modern political improvement . We believe that it embodies a part at least of the idea of human liberty , and that it it one of the chief iastrumentalities by which Providence it working out its purposes of good-in tbe present epoch .

      So far from aiming at the destruction of either of theie institutions , we regard tbeir preservation as an indispensable condition of tbe reform to which we are devoted . Our work consists in the Organization of in . dustry upon true principles , so as to bring about a great increase of production or real wealth , and to distribute it with exact justice ; in the establishment of an economical and equitable system of Commerce ; and in the guaranty to every human being of the essential and inalienable rights of Man , which are , the right to Integral Education , the right to Labour , and the right to the fruit thereof . This work we claim to ba the completion of tbe vital movemast of the American Revolution , and the application in practice of the morality of the Saviour , " Do yt unto others as ye would that they should do unto you , "

      To this cause great and generous souls of all ages have devoted themselves , For the good of the Race they have given their lives ia faithful thought or heroic action ; never doubting that the day of deliverance would come , they have passed serenely from the stage , leaving for our instruction their sufferings , their deedt , and their words . To all these noble spirits we acknowledge our debt as members of the human family . We revere their memory aad look in their teachings for indications of needful truth and of present duty . Pre-eminent among these men iu our view , is Charles Fourier , a genuis raised up in these modern times . Especially do we look upon him with gratitude and satisfaction , because , unlike many other thinkers , he descended from universal and abstract ideas into the sphere of primary , practical , necessities , the sphere of Labor .

      Tbe Organization of Libor in the associated township , according to the Series , it briefly what we , as a body , accepted from his writings ; and on the realization of this measure we are assured that the safety and progress of society new depend . As to Fourier ' s theories of Marriage , of Cosmogony , and the Immortality of the Soul , we do not accept them , * and this it the position which the Association School in tbitcountt j andiu Europe have always taken and nevur varied from . * * # The plan we propose , while it it ttt ictly scientific , it at the same time peaceful and conservative . We wish to test our doctrines in the organisation of a single township . With a less number of persons than may be found

      in an ordinary township , we can make an expenment of our views , in the establishment of a Model Association . We believe that we can « o arrange manual and other indastry at to render it all honourable and attractive , and abridge * multitude of repulsive , unwholesome , and degrading labours ; that we can introduce a system of combined architecture , and effect vast economies in modes of living ; that we can establish a just division of profits ; guarantee congenial spheres of employment and a true serial position to every person ; extend equal opportunities of education of aU ; bring about unity of interests and general co-operation , and place the social relations of the people on a footing of truth , honour , justice , equa rights , and active benevolence . ,

      Thus in one local , practical experiment , made scienlineally on a small scale and not affecting the general interests of society as much at a single election in some of our cities , we propose a final proof « four method of Association . If it succeeds on thit scale , as all large political divisions are but the repetition of the township , there will be no difficulty in its universal application , to the unspeakable benefit of society aud of every being luit . Horace Gkiiii , President . Peleg Clash , Jakes Kat , Jr . F > ede » ick Gbaih , Gimmes Seabs , E . P . Gbaht , Bksjamih Usseb , H . H . Vaw Akbinge , Vice-Presidents . W . H . CHANMiKO . Dnm . Cor . Sec . Pabks Godwip , For . Cor . Sec . Jakes T . Fishes , Bee . Sec . FxAitcis Geo . Shaw . Treasurer .

      GXOKOK RlPLET , 0 . MACDANIEL , Chables A . Daka , Edmund Tweedt , Albb & t B & isbane . John Alms , Jobs S . Bwight , Directors . We learn from the Tribune that there have been not less than twenty attempts to realize Industrial Associations on the plan of Fourier , of which ten are still in progress . We believe the most important of these societies is the Brook Farm Phalanx in the state of Massachusetts . We have no information as to the progress and prospects of these societies .

      Some time ago , the Associationists and National Reformers had some smartish controversies concerning the merits of their respective plans . The Associationists admit and contend fortbs right of the whole human race to the whole of the earth ' s soil ; but they consider that the most effectual means for restorfng this right is , by forming industrial societies , which uniting capital and labour shall enable the members to gradually and peacefully acquire their long lost rights , and secure to them those rights when gained . They are for achieving their aims by social not political means .

      The National Rebrmers . on the other hand , whilst agreeing with the Associationists as to the natural right of the race to the soil , think that political means are indispensable for the obtainment of great social changes ; therefore , by influencing the national and state legiilainres , they would—1 st . —secure to actual settlers , the free and exclusive use of the public lands in limited allotments ; 2 nd . —Limit the quantity of land to all holders after the present generation ; and , 3 rd . —Secure the homestead of each family from being taken out of its possession through any future debt or mortgage . The National Reformers , though not adopting Association princi p les as a party contain in their ranks many , who believe in "Association , " but who deem the restoration of individual rights to be first essential : the Land first and Association ( if desireable ) afterwards .

      We should correct what we have said above as to the Associonists eschewing political means , we believe that this is true of the party , but some of their most talented leaders are wiser . Messrs . Greeley ( rditor of tbe Tribune ) , Godwin . Ryckman , Brisbane , Van Amringe , and the Rev . W . H . Channing are foremost amonest the great intellects at the head of the Associationists , and they do not reject political means . The above-named individuals all advocate the freedom of the " Public Lands . M . Ryckman is a leading member of the Reform Association , so is

      Mr . Van Amringe , and we see he is about to become the travelling lecturer for the society ; as to Albert Brisbane , he has delivered some of the most eloquent orations yet ottered in advance of the Agrarian cause , and gives his vote for the National Reform candidates , and we have friend Evans ' s testimony , that " he ( A . Brisbane ) is a host in himself ; a devoted , a self-scrificing reformer , without vanity or pretension ; and the more deserving of credit , if there be any credit in doing one ' s duty , because he never felt except -by sympathy the evils which he aims to remove . "

      Before we close this article , we should say that a " short time factory agitation , " haslong commanded the attention of the working classes in Massachusetts and other manufacturing states and localities . The triumph of the good cause in this country , which cannot be far off , must have a mighty and beneficial effect for the cause of our oppressed fellow-workers , in America . Surely Republican America will not allow Monarchial England to outstrip her in the race of humanity ! Factory slaves of America look to it .

      Had time and space permitted , which they do not , we should like to have offered some observations upon the Reform press of the States ; we must , however , merely confine ourselves to a few passing remarks . With the merits of Young America and the Anti-Renter our readers are pretty well acquainted ; the specimens we have from time to time given of the contents of those journals is their best praise . The New York Tribune , the principal ( New York ) organ of the "Associationists" is , in many respects , an

      admirable journal , though , of course , we dissent from its Whig politics . Of the Su & tcrranwm . the Voice of Industry , the Harbinger , the Regenerator , and the Alphadelphia Tocsin , we have only seen one or two numbers each ; so far as we could judge , they appear to be all able and energetic champions of progress , We should be glad to have a more intimate acquaintance with tho above-named papers , and some others ( we see occasionally noticed in Young America ) published in Pennsylvania , Illinois , and Ohio . ... .

      We hold it to be a solemn duty to do what lies in onr power to promote a veritable brotherhood between the people of this country and the people of America , and with that view we are anxious to make known to our readers every movement on the other side of the Atlantic , having for its object the pro » ression , veritable lreedom and happiness of mankind . In this spirit we wish our American friends union and success , and good speed in all their labours .

      » Strictly Speaking, Our General Positio...

      » Strictly speaking , our general position on all these subjects it this : We leave them aside . At individuals each is at liberty to accept or n ject any thing aside from the subject of Industrial Reform and Organisation , as truth and human good shall dictate to bis own mind .

      $2t Our Next Number Will Contain The Com...

      $ 2 T Our next number will contain the commencement of some most astounding revelations ef the crimes of the infamous Austrian despotism .

      Glasgow * Ia At Present Inundated With D...

      Glasgow * ia at present inundated with destitute Irish families , who are daily arriving under an impression that there ia work for them on eome railway .

      Jbrefgit Intelligent

      Jbrefgit Intelligent

      France. On New-Year's Day Louis-Philippe...

      FRANCE . On New-Year ' s day Louis-Philippe received the usual congratulatory addresses from the Diplomatid corps , and other bodies . The ceremony was of tho usual fraudulent character , enriched by an additional dash of spicey lying on tho part of Louis-Philippe , who , in reply to the felicitations of the Peers , said : — " As you have said , the problem to be solved was the alliance of monarchy and liberty ; it was to make nations feel that liberty has need of monarchy , and to prove to kings and princes that monarchy has need of liberty . It is from having misapprehended this principle—it is from having believed , 01 . the

      one baud , that liberty was incompatible with monarchy , and on the other that monarchy was incompatible with liberty , that France has been dragged into revolutionary storms . May God preserve other nations from the like ! May our example convince states and kings that monarchy and liberty may live aud prosper together , but that they cannot do so except at the price of mutual confidence . If the national will has raised me to the throne , it is because the tenour of all my life presaged that all my efforts would tend to ensure the triumph of this principle , and that there was no secret thought to be apprehended from me . "

      Bread is still rising in price , and the scarcity daily assumes a more menacing character . Upwards of 1 , 200 pieces of cannon and howziters destined for the fortifications of Paris , are ready , says the Gazette de Berri , to be placed . They have not as yet been taken to Bourges as the buildings preparing there to receive them will not be ready until next summer .

      SPAIN . OPENING 07 THK CORTES . The Cortex was opened on the 31 st ult . by the Queen in person . The ' " speech" is rather lengthy , but presents no points worthy of notice save the following paragraphs : — " I have contracted a marriage with my augu » t cousin , Don Francisco d'Assis Maria de Bourbon , agreeably to my intention announced to the preceding Cortes . I trust that Heaven will bless this union , and that you , also , gentlemen , will uniu your prayers with mine to almighty Ged . The marriage of my beloved sister has also taken place in the way which has been already explained to the Cortes .

      "My Government will present you with the budget of receiptsand expenses for theyear 1847 . You will there see the ameliorations and economies which it has been possible to make . I regret that past troubles , and the very reforms themselves which must afterwards produce good results , do not permit of my making at present all the reductions which I desire . " A fixed and fitting endowment lor religious purposes and the clergy is a positive and urgent need , as essential to the welfare ot religion as it is for that of the state . My Government will present you shortly with a law on this important matter . " Besides these , other laws will be proposed in the

      course of this session ; some with the view to protect the increase of wealth by curbing the abuses which accompany the first impulse of its developement , others with a view to introduce ameliorations in tbe different branches of the administration , and others , finally , with a view to regulate the arrangements in force relative to the press and to exceptional professions . Thb Carust Insurrection is on the increase . According to the Espanol . the parts more particularly threatened by the partisans of the Count de Montemolin (" who will present himself with the Constitution of 1837 in his hand" ) are Navarre , the Basque Provinces , Catalonia , Gallicia , the Maeztrazgo , and the Balearic islands .

      PORTUGAL . THE CIVIL WAR . DEFEAT OF THB ISSCBOESTS . OS KAT SLAUGHTER 8 FTF 1 B

      QUKIN 8 TROOPS . Letters were received oh Monday from Lisbon eon taining intelligence of an action between the Queen ' s troops and the insurgents at Torres Vedras , in which , the latter sustained a very decisive reverse . The action was fought on the 22 nd , Saldanha commanding the Queen ' s troops , the insurgents being under tbe command of Bomfim . The loss on both sides in killed and wounded was considerable . A great many prisoners were made including Bomfim . The loss on the Queen ' s side is stated to have been 386 ( including 33 officers ) in killed , wounded , and missing ; but other accounts state it at a much greater number . The casualties on the insurgents side were fewer , as during a great part of the action they fought from

      behind stone walls and barricades . Even after the Queen ' s troops bad forced their way into the town , the issue was very doubtful , as the insurgents retired into the castle ; but three companies of the 2 nd infantry , who had charge of Fort Forca , went over in a body to the enemy , find that post—the key of the position—lost , the castle became untenable , and surrendering , or being slaughtered to a man , was the only choice left . The insurgents wsre allowed to march out with some of the honours ot war—the officers with their swords and the men with tbeir knapsacks . During the night of the 22 nd Count Bomfim contrived to send off a despatch with an account of what had taken place to Count das Antas , whom it found at Rio Maior , at the head of

      3 , 000 regulars and 500 armed civilians , and who on receipt of it immediately commenced his retreat in the direction of Coimbra , to join the irregular forces there under the command of the Marquis of Loulo Antas at the same time sent off a messenger to Ca » ar de Vasconcellos , whom he had left at Santarem with 2 , 500 well-armed and trained irregular troops , including about 100 cavalry , acquainting him with what had happened , and leaving it to his own discretion either te defend the place or fall back upon Coimbra . the latter of which courses he has preferred . It is alleged that the news of the disaster that befel Bomfim , instead ot discouraging the rest of the insurgents , seemed to inspire them with increased fary against their enemies .

      Bomfim and his staff were taken to Lisbon on tbe 24 th , and are prisoners on board the Diana , Portuguese frigate , offBelem , where it is said they are treated with more than necessary severity . Count Bomfim has forwarded a letter to Sir W . Parker , urging him to use his influence in order to procure a mitigationjbf their sufferings . Should the Septembrists andrMiguelites heartily coalese the prospects of Donna Maria ' s government will soon be gloomy enough . The two insurgent parties are now actually negotiating an arrangement of some sort . Each has an ambassador at the camp of the other ; Captain Mendez Leite on the one side , and the Miguelite General Macdonell on the other .

      FURTHER PARTICULARS . It was hardly to be expected that the two contending armies could remain for a greater length of time in the inactive attitudes each had assumed . Antas , therefore , commenced by making a feint , sending a column to the south side of the Tagus to attract , if possible , the attention of Saldanha , while another force , consisting of about 3 , 200 infantry , and upwards of 260 cavalry , under the command of Bomfin , sallied out from Santarem , taking the road to Torres Vedras ; various were the reports afbat in regard to this movement . On the morning , however , of the 20 th inst ., the new battalions in Lisbon were all ordered te the lines , and joined afterwards by a small brfgade which was detached from the army of Saldanha ,

      it was expected that BomhVs intention was to approach the capital . Saldanha , on the 19 th , broke up at Wrtaxo , taking the route to the Caldas da Rainha . The weather was most tempestuous , and the heavy flooding rains had rendered the roads almost impassable . Antas also had marched from Santarem , to operate in conjunction with Bomfin as circumstances might require . It was destined otherwise . It is raid that a courier , with a letter from the former to Bomfin , was intercepted , which induced Saldanha to come to an immediate engagement . Mousinho de Albuquerque , late minister of marine , died at Torres Vedras of his wounds . lie has left a large and helpless family . He is reported to have been a skilful engineer officer , and a brave man . His fall during the engagement quite unnerved , it is said , Bomfin , and from that moment he ceased to manifest

      that ardour and presence of mind which he displayed in the early part of the action . The exposure of Mousinho de Albuquerque during the night to cold and wet in the uncovered place to which Bomtin ' s forces had to retire , and the absence of medical attendance to extract the ball from his breast , increased tke risks against his recovery . When Saldanha heard , on the following day , of his perilous state , he instantly ordered a consultation of surgeons , and every attention to be paid him . His poor wife bad tbe melancholy consolation of attending him during his last days of suffering . The ball was extracted irom his breast , but mortification speedily ensued . That night of exposure in tho unroofed chapel attached to tho castle was the cause of death to many a brave poor fellow . Few ot * the seriously wounded escaped the consequences oi it .

      The Mario of December SO , contains a roya 1 de cree , countersigned by all the ministers , which suspends trial by jury for ct-rtain crimes until that decree be altered or revoked by the legislative body . The crimes which are not to have the benefit of trial by jury are those tbat produce death , wounding with fracture or permanent injury , robbery , rebellion , sedition , conspiracy , incendiarism , & c , itc .

      REPORTED DEFEAT OF THE MIQUEMIES . On the 20 th of December , an encounter took place between MacDonald , the rebel General , and Casal , when the former were routed , many killed , and the prisoners , by Casal ' s orders , were slaughtered in cold blood . Casal was supposed to be making towards Oporto . GERMANY . The Frankfort correspondent of the Morning Adverser says - . —While a communist plot Das been discovered at Berlin , the manufacturing districts of Silesia are breaking out in riots . Prussia is los t if she does not gain the goodwill of th * middle class by some popular measure .

      Italy. Gma.? Fiaods At Romb.— Dec. 11. —...

      ITALY . Gma . ? Fiaods at Romb . — Dec . 11 . —For tke las week we have had the most miserable weathe imaginable , rain , rain , day and night . > nd as migh be expected , tbe city is in a deplorable condition Mid boats are plying in the Corso . TheBabninc and all the lower streets , the Pantheon , the Arche of Septiraius Severus , and Janus , and the excavat ruins in general are sott' aequo ., and the river con tinues to rise . Should it do se to the height of tw feet more , tho Piazza di Spagna will be submerged and the flood of tho year 1805 , the most disastrou within t " he memory of man , will belforgotten in tha of 1846 , It is an awful visitation , and the miser ; entailed upon thousands of the wretched inhabitant of the inundated streets , is beyond conception .

      POLAND . The Frankfort Journal of the 29 th ult , publishes a letter from Vienna of the 22 nd , which states that the most complete anarchy prevails in Galicia . All the peasants of one village quitted their parish church in a body , because the clergyman had spoken to them of the ten commandments . They exclaimed , " We have no occasion for so many laws . " Young . Nick has Old Nick ' s luck and his own too ; ho was recently nearly drowned , but not quite . What happiness his escape affords us ! - The accident occurred at Korono . Planks of wood had been laid across the stream , which was only half covered with thin ice , over which the carriage was to be drawn

      by men , as far as the barge , which was stationed in tbe open river . The ice close to the shore was deemed sufficiently strong to render it unnecessary to cover it with boards , and the Emperor was persuaded to remain in the carriage , with Count Orlof t . But as the carriage rolled rapidly down the steep banks , the wheels instantly cut the ice , and the carriage began to sink rapidly . The Emperor , to avoid being drowned by the water which was rushing : in , was compelled to get upon the coachbox . From thence he was extricated by one of his officers ^ who waded through the water , which was up to his breast , with the Emperor on his shoulders , to the shore .

      GRfiECE . THREATENED AUSTRIAN INTIRVENZION . ^^ Correspondence from Athens of the 20 th u ' lt . states tbat extraordinary excitement had been created by the publication in the Athenian newspaper , tho Elpis , of a document forwarded to the editor from Munich , in which it is asserted that the Court of Vienna has proposed to the three protecting Powers of Greece , England , France , and Russia , to replace the present constitution by a charter similar to that of Bavaria , and to occupy Greece for ten years with an auxiliary corps of 8 , 000 Austrian troops . The publication of this document caused the greatest alarm to the Greek Government , and the Procurer-du Roigave order to seize this number of the paper at the Post-office , and to suppress its circulation in any shape . The following is said to bo the outline of the scheme proposed by Austria : —

      1 . Greece is to have a constitution similar to those of Bavaria and other German states . 2 . That in order to sustain the monarchy , and to stifle , if need be , any revolutionary attempt against the new order of things , a corps of 8 , 000 Austrian troops shall enter Greece and remain there for ten years . With a view to avoid oppressing Greece by additional expenses , Austria will take upon itself to furnish pay , clothing , and provisions to this auxiliary force , receiving from the Greek Treasury nothing beyond the sum appropriated at present to the support of the corps of frontier guards , who are to be disbanded immediately on the arrival of the auxiliary corps . As to the regular army of Greece , it is to be incorporated with the auxiliary troops .

      3 . In case circumstancesshould render it necessary to send a reinforcement of troops , such reinforcement shall take place under an understanding between the Allies and at the expense of the Greek government . The force so supplied shall be sent buck as soon as practicable . The Brit sh Government is said to have replied to the Cabinet of Vienna in the most positive manner tbat it would never permit—and especially by means of a foreign armed force—the reversal of all tbat bad been settled by the National Assembly of Greece , and solemnly recognised by England ; adding tbat , even if it should stand alone amongst tbe Governments of Europe , it would unchangeably persevere in its resolution .

      It is added , that in pursuance of this announcement the English squadron cruising on the Portuguese station , has received orders , with the exception of one division , to sail immediately for the Archipelago , under the command ol Admiral Parker . At the same time , a considerable force is to be concentrated in the Ionian Islands , to be in readiness fur action .

      TURKEY . Constantinople , ^ Dec . 19 . — It was stated some time back that a revolutionary movement had been get up in the district of Banalunko , in Bosnia , by the chief agency , andfat the instigation of Austria . The instrument used on this occasion was an Albanian of Rike , named Mahmoud , who , with some 500 followers , gave himself up to pillage and acts of brigandage , and for a long while was the terror of the whole province , attacking villages , forcibly raising contributions , and mnrdering , indiscriminately , all who resisted him . About the middle of September , he attached and laid a heavy fine oh the city of Trikora , and on tils refusal of the inhabitants to accede to his imperious demands , he tortured and

      murdered the several primates and three mollahs . The audacity of this chief finally rose to such a pitch that the immediate attention of the Government was required , and Ilalil liiamil Pacha , at tho head of 3 , 000 Albanian troops , advanced again = t him . The Porte has now received tbe intelligence thata ; battle was fought at Dobrina , between the Bosnacs and the troops , in which the former were completely routed , leaving 100 killed , and 300 prisoners Jin the hands . ' of the Turkish commander . Several . of their most influential chiefs were seized and shot , and the prisoners are now on their way to the capital to be incarcerated in the Bagnio for life . A great number of the fugitives took refuge on the Austrian frontier .

      JAPAN . The Americans have been unsuccessful in an attemptfto enter into commercial arrangements with the Government of Japan . Commodore Biddle , in theSOgun ship Columbus , accompanied by the corvette Vincennes , recently visited Jeddo . The two ships were at once surrounded by hundreds of armed boats , and not only were they forbid to communicate with the shore , but they were not permitted to communicate with each other . A letter from the President of the United States to the King was taken , and received by tbe officials , who visited the Commodore to ascertain what he wanted ; but no answer was returned , it being merely intimated to the strangers that they were to go , and on no account to return .

      Progress Of Discovery In Australia. The ...

      PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY IN AUSTRALIA . The son of Major Mitchell , who a short time ago started for the Bolloon River , has succeeded in completing the exploration of the unknown country between New England and Fort Bourke . " The party started from Mr . Pearce ' s station ( Gnoolomata ) in a N . W . direction , and in 30 miles rea ched a country possessing peculiar characteristics , considering its position in the midst of an almost i terminable fiat . It consisted of gravelly undulations abounding with grass , and watered with small springs . That at which tha party halted was called Naudo , and had evidently been for centuries a favourite camping place for the natives , wbo , with their usual improvidence , had used it for purposes which rendered it unfit for drinking at the time of our arrival ; but , by completely clearing it out , we obtained some delicious water , the supply being , how ever , insufficient for the horses .

      " On the morning of the 4 th of November , when travelling due west , the party came upon five wild blacks encamped at a lagoon . They at first made a rush to escape , but were induced to remain by the interpreter , a Bolloon black , who was familiar with them and all the tribes in the neighbourhood . ' On the morning of the Gth November , the party crossed over to the Culgoa , and tractd it upwards to its origin in the Bolloon . Above that spot the river was of very great breadth , and the country on its banks of a very fattening description . There was abundance of barley , grass , grass which , however , was thought of secondary importance , as there grew not 011 it bush or tree upon which cattle did not thrive . A tribe of natives , who , en hearing

      discharges of lire arms , had concealed themselves in the bush , were with difficulty by means of the interpreter , induced to return and receive their fish and nets , which were found on tho river bank . They were much alarmed , having never seen white men , and had decorated themselves with green boughs , symbols of peaceful intentions . "The habits of all the natives of his river are of the most disgusting character , involving a refinement upon cannibalism absolutely sickening . Suffice it to say , that this tribe of blacks carried with them two bodies , from which they had extracted and consumed what is termed tho adipose matter . When a party dies , astage is immediately erected , consisting of a sheet of bark , drilled with holes , like a

      sieve , fixed upon three posts . The body is placed upon this , and an opossum cloak being closely wrapped round the upper portion of it . small fires are kept burning at the two ends of the stage , and one underneath it . A large' coulaman' receives the matter thus extracted by the heat , and the tribes close round and greedily consume , and rub their person , with this horrible extract . After this the bones and skin are closely wrapped in an opossum cloak , aud then rolled in a sheet ot freshly stripped bark . The whole , coved with net-work , is then carried about b y the tribe for a considerable time , and is ultimately deposited in some hollow log , Numtwn of these stages are to be found » u Bolloon , and high up the Mooni Creek .

      Progress Of Discovery In Australia. The ...

      "On the 7 th November the pA ' ty proceeded a considerable distance up the river , . thechataoter of the country becoming hourly more » h "iking . They encamped at a noble reaoh called * To ondi . "The natives again enoumped wi th the party here ; and in crossing'from the opposite bank , there seemed to be the greatest alarm Joist any of their mummied corpses , of which they have ftve , shouWJ touch the water , and the most religion * care , was taken to prevent such an occurrence . Th ree men were seen en gaged in holding up one of than . The Fr ? ivLT here ' »« everywheref supplied wjth fish ' > * rh ? Z ^ r 8 hown the ™» t f " end | y fc ^ V llie information received by Mr . Mitchell from the various aber . gmes he had fallen i „ w : th . tAudefT

      to snow that two white men had been l . llprl ^ m . tIle Bolloon , a » d one on the Birie ; bu ^^ boinicornS id ! mN ,, n h reac h he < 1 - Mr h * " !*¦ * 5 £ T 8 $ . 13 th November , having been absent from it eight ' " It then became necessary for Mr . Mitchell to survey the located portions of the Borwin river ' setting the bounariesof the runs , dsc ., for a di stance of nearly 300 miles , downwards , until he arrived at Mohanna , a station of Mr . Nelson Lawson ' s . Here he found the first hill ho had seen for many hundred miles ; and from the top of it ho perceived two others , distant about 40 miles , E . S . E , with tabulated summits , which he recognised as Oxley ' s Table Land , and ; tbus became aware of his not being more tham 70 miles from Fort Bourke ; and certain of the identity of the Darling and Barwin rivers , he

      mounted Ins men upon fresh horses , and made Fort Bourke the second day . At the first ha'ting-place he was attacked by the blacks , who hovered about during the whole night , but no accident occurred . The Forte he found almost entirely burnt down , but the temporary stock-yard , erected by Major Mitchell in 1833 , was almost as secure as when erected . " The next day Mr . Mitchell returned to Mohanna . '

      Tiie War In Tiie Rio De La Plata. Iiorri...

      TIIE WAR IN TIIE RIO DE LA PLATA . IIoRRinr . K Atrocities . —Accounts have been received from Mount V dos to the 11 th of October . That city is still beeeiged by the ruffian Oribe , who is , as usual , signalising himself by the commission of the mo * t fiendish atrocities toward the unhappy prisoners who happen to fall into his hands , We give the following samples : — Lieutenant Carasa , an offlcur who has served um ! er General Oribe throughout the desolating wars of the Argentine provinces , ( on which Oribe was sent by Rosas as the novitiate to the invasion of hi * native country , ) was

      amongst the prisoners taken by Rivera in Mercedes , in June last . He was carried to Martin Garcia , whence , after some time , he made his escape and proceeded to Orlbe ' s camp at the Cerrito , having then two brother ! serving in the army , one of them married . His mind h * d hsen for a long time bent on abandoning Oribe ' s service , but fears for the fate of his family prevented his attempting to do so until he should be able to rescue them also . He and they have at length succeeded ; and it is from these men , who for years have served in Oiibe ' sarmy , that the declaration of barbarous executions , witnessed by themselves , has proceeded .

      Colonel Encstroza , mudo prisoner after the fatal battle of Arroyo Grande , nith promise of his life being spared , was executed by order ot the victorious general . His hands were cut off by the ivrists , the skin peeled from his skull , his throat cut , he was castrated , and , finally , maneas ( fetters for horses' legs ) made of the skin of his body . Two sergeants , Sanchez and Yarza , were taken prisoners on the same occasion , under the promise of their lives being spared . They were executed and their bodies were mutilated . Two officers , Costa and Arrismendi , were made prisoners , and were the only ones whose names were known to Carasa of the infinite number who were so saerificed ; they underwent the same inhuman death and mutilation , A lady of Montevideo , Donna Teresa de T—— , was assassinated at Oribe ' s camp , on prettnee of her attempting to seduce men to abandon his cause . '

      A Brazilian subject , who was forced to serve , was seized in the act of escaping ; his throat wascu' , and his body mutilated . An Italian , taken wounded at Tres Cruces ( near Montevideo ) by Don Jorge Carreras , was trailed at the heels of the latter ' s horse , his throat cut , his legs and hands se . vered , he was castrated and flayed , his heart torn out , roasted and eaten . Accounts arrived yesterday from Maldonado , confirming a report of the last few days , that another bfano , butchery had taken place in that department . Colonel Fortunate Silva and 20 of his comrades have been murdered in cold blood by Oribe's party , commanded by Barrios .

      Ireland. State Op Thk C0untut. The Accou...

      IRELAND . STATE OP THK C 0 UNTUT . The account * continue to be of the same gloomy and distressing character as those we have had the sad and painful duty of publishing for many months past . We confine our selection to a tew of the most extreme cases of destitution , disease and death . Skidberkkn , Dec . 30—Since my former vi < it to this locality , I find that the circumstances of the people have materially altered for the worse . Provisions arc daily increasing in price and scarcitv , flour being 4 s . a stone , and Indian meal 2 s . 4 d ., bread of the coarsest description 2 \ d . per lb ., and , to add to the difficulty of obtaining it , a new regul itinn has been entered into by the Board of Works , by

      which the poor creatures on the ro : id are to receive but sixpence a day subsistence money , until the road on which they are employed is completed . On yesterday evening , after arriving in town , I waited on the dispensary physician , Dr . Donovan , arid , while in his house , witnessed » cencs that would appal the stoutest heart . The door of the house was literally besieged with persons demanding relief , some requiring tood to satisfy their immediate necessities , while others were clamorous for medical relief for some members of their family , who were in a dying state from diseases brought on by want and privations of every description . Some few days ago the doctor was waited upon by a man from Windmillhill , who requested him to visit his step-daughter , who was unwell . lie complied , and when he went

      he found the girl stretched on a miserable sop of straw , alonsidc a corpse which was e , reen from prutrescence , and her hands wrapped in ra » s . He asked her if she had fits , as he feared she might have fallen into the fire while in that state , and burned herself , when she replied that she had not , but that sho was lying for two days alongside the corpse , and that sh . ! found it so cold she had got up to warm herself , but being weak she fell on the fire , and before she could rise , her hands were burned as he saw them . But this melancholy business did not end here , for the unhappy step-father had to take his wife on his back to the Abbey graveyard , where he left her stretched on a tomb-stone , not having sufficient strength to dig a grave for her , and she was buried nest day by a poor labouring man

      who accidentally passed by . The stepfather returned to his miserable home , and being determined that his step-daughter at least should be attended to , he also took her on his back , and left her at the door ot the Fever Hospital , when she was taken in and died in half an hour after her reception . These are not isolated cases of distress , for the whole town and surrounding country teems with similar examples of the awfully wretched condition of the people . According to arrangement , I this morning waited on the Rev . Mr . Fitzpatrick , who kindly promised to take me through the habitations of some of those poor creatures . On arriving at his house , it was with the utmost difficulty 1 obtained admission , through the crowd of destitute men , women , and children who beset the door . The Rev . Mr .

      Fitzpatrick having called one of the most miserable looking out of the crowd , he tottered into tho hall , where he stated he had two children , and was just recovered from fever . Upon inquiry I found that he and three others had been confined to the same bed , that the other three aied , and that he him « elf while in a raging fever had left his bed to solicit relief for his family . I then visited about fifty houses on Windmill-hill , Chapel-lane , High-street , Distillery-lane , and that neighbourhood , and to the hour of my death I will never forget the misery 1 there witnessed . In the first house , or rather hovel , I entered , there were two persons , one of whom was sick , and two others had already died from the want of sustenance . They had r . either furniture nor clothing , the whole having been parted with to meet

      tho era 'ings ot hunger . In the house next door four persons had already died from hunger , and there was every likelihood that the remainder of the family would be shortly carried off . Wc next proceeded to a house in Chapel-street , and on entering the door the first objects that attracted our attention were 3 children in a state of complete nudity , near a small turf fire , with three or four women nearly in as wretched a condition , while on a table lay thecorpse of what had been an able-bodied man , who , tm enquiry , we are informed had been employed under tiie Board of Works , and had died from hardship and cold , not having clothes to cover hi'u from the inclemency of the weather . On the Windmill-hill there are 23 small houses , and since the first ot December eighteen deaths took place in them , from

      mere hunger . In the town of Skibbereen alone 70 deaths took place since the commencement of the month from hunger also . In passing through the streets I remarked that all the dogs bad disappeared which the poor people were so fond of having about their houses , and on making inquiry as to what had become of them , tho people said , they died ol » tarv ;> .-tion—but from the reluctant manner in which they answered the question , I would almost infer that , horrible as the supposition may be , they had made use of thera as an article of fowl . But if the mortality is great in the town and neighbourhood , it is equally so in the workhouse , if not to a more fearful extent . There are 974 persons at present in that building , of whom 302 are in the hospital , and 185 deaths took place there irom the first to the 23 th of December . Dr . Donnovan , in a letter to the Corifc Reporter , under the heading " Diary of a Dispensary Phy-

      Ireland. State Op Thk C0untut. The Accou...

      sieian , ' ; after describing the scenes of misery which he witnssscd at . the dispensary on tho 28 th ult and . corroborating the above account from the reporter of that paper , says : — VI now will wind-up my diary of the 20 th with the stashes of disease in Bridgetown : in a ainglo lane in this town . there are 85 c . ses of fever , -iut of a popu'ation of about three hundred persons . » Before concluding , I mast , however , sivo mv preface to my tJiary of the 27 th . I was told this dav b y the police that a man had been for , days unbnried in a house on the Windmill ; there ' one of the . mo . ^ revolting scenes I ever witnessed was bcfore » me . > In a Tiook'in this miserable cabin lay , upon a wad ' of straw , a green and ghastly corpse ibat had' been i er

      Jve days dead , and that was already emittin ; tho intolerable exhalations of putrefaction . At the ^ eot of tiro decomposing body lay a girl groanim ; with pain , « n < Kbr Its side was a boy . frantic in fever . Tho wife of'tie deceased satniponthe filthy floor-stupided- from wanttanoflifflretion . * ' I a » ked her in the name of Heaven ' , why she didtnotget ^ her hu sband buried ? iferiarifiwerwas ; she ¦ had'nwcoffin . I inquired wh y she dirt not go oot to ^ Iook frr one ? I > ecency . would notallowlier ,. rbrMie was natVed : the fewrags that she had after the fever had rottexf fiffXind sftw hoped that a coffin would be hot next dro . ** . TI 10 children have boon removed to the Fever Hospital , anr ) are now reooverintr "

      I he state of Roscommon , ant ? tho rapf / increase n disease arid mortality , are described as most depWal . lcan . l beurtrenrtnV . nfflirS " - count 5 es ° the awwnita are equally County op C aiwu—Stateof the Claddagh Fishermen—On ' "iiwdev last the w > tip-kitehen , which has been so benevolently cstahlUfad at the . West Convent tor the relief of tho destitute poorof CladUaeh . was T ^ , " henthe « mp wiui prepared the Very Rev . Mr . bolan and the Rev . Mr . Rush distributed * sample of the potato with a biscuit , to eaeh of a few nF ] j " " . Tllc 8 e ' ramea l ' ately save tho word through Cliiddagh , when , Io ! hundreds of poor creatures , rushed in with nines , Ac ., in their hands , to put in their claim . The rev . gentlemen cave it gratuitensly to all who applied . The wretched people don't know how to labour at anything but their fishing

      avocations ; and such has been their misrry that their nets , spillarrls , clothinsr , beddinir , in fact every article that could bo cither sold or pledged , are all parted with ; so that tbey have no other resource but to starve , unless a generous public lend a helping hand in the present emergency ; and until it lichen wheth the government may not be induced to do something to place them in a condition , now that the fishing season has arrived , tn fellow their ordinary pursuits . There is a vast mine of wealth and employment in the bay and dcep-rea fishery in this district—we believe to a greater extent than in » ny on thecoistof Ireland—vet not one si / irk * exertion is made in behalf of a colony of about 3 500 persons exclusively dependent on fishing pursuits for the means of livelihood , and thousands of whom must inevitably perish unless promptly placet ! in a way lor 1 fficiently following their ordinary avocations —Galway

      Vindicator . Codntv of Kkbht . —Tbalkb . —No less than eight sudden deaths have occurred wi'hin the last week in thit district ; half of which have been attributed to tho effect * of destitution . —Trake Chronicle . County of Suno —Stioo , Ja » . 2 . —The condition of tbe people is bnenming . evcrv hour , move deplorable . The mortality has fearfully increased in tbe locality of Sligo , and this increase is solely attributable to a want of a sufficiency of food . We are , indeed , hut at the beginning of the horrors ; the land is unfilled , the peasantry have not means to sow the seed , nor time to devote to that purpose , the home supply of grain is fast diminishing ; the supply brousht freia foreign countries is wholly inadequate to meet the demand , the price of food is hourly increaiins . and imping from the aspect « if things , wo have not one , but many years of famine before us . —Sligo Cham ' pion .

      Stwb of tii « Nonrii-WKST w Ikriaxd . —The Londonderry Journal states that the destitution whieh prevails throughout the whole of the north-west district is deplorable in the extreme . There is noarcely a parish which thero are not hundreds of families who are in writhing in theagonies of famine . Tha same unvarying tale of unmitigated misery is repeated by | all the journals of the district—those of Ballyshannon , Enniskillen , Armagh , and Omagh . Even in this city there occur , as the members of tha Relief Committee can attest , the most harrowing seeni-s arising from want of fond . The whole district , in short—though it may not include a Skibbereen or a Castlebar—appears fo be suffering fully as much as those which are further south .

      0 DTOREAK IN KIIKKNXV . The Kilkenny Journal contains the following nc count of a formidable disturbance at the workhouse . KitKK . vxr , Jaw 2 .- Riots at thk Poorhousk . —On Thursday , during the sitting of the board , some very serious disturbances , and which threatened to have a fatal result , took place at the poorhouso . The crush was so great at the time tho oxferns were beimr adniitted to dinner , that one woman was very seriously injured , and was only saved from being crushed to death by Alderman Smithwick and some others of the iniardisns . At five o ' clock a large number of men , about three or four hundred , most of whom were labourers , and persons not entitled to relief , assembled at the gate , and clamorously demanded

      admission . They were told that they could receive no dinner , as the hour was past , hut tho gate having b ^ en opened to allow egress to som e women who had been delivering milk , thov rushed in in a bidy , but were prevented from entering tho front door until it was secured . Four shots were , thereupon , fired within the poorhouse ground ; the head constable hastened to the spot from whence the smoke proceeded , but did not succeed in seizing the perpetrators , though he saw one man escape over the wall . During this interval tho mob succeeded in forcing open the door of the porter ' s lodge , and subsequently that of tho dining hall , but were prevented from proceeding further by the gnlhnt resistance of the master , armed with a stick—of tbe porter , armed

      with a bayonet—and , much to their credit , of some of the pauper inmates of the house . Intelligpnce of this having been brought to head constable Lynn , he hastened in , and the combined f » rce , notwithstanding a violent shower of stones , which continued without intermission for some minutes , charged the mob , and put them to the route at the point of the sword , bayonet , and shillelagh , forcing them over tbe inner yard walls , and finally succeeded in expcl ' -ing them from tho premises , and securing the outer gate , A tremendous volley of stones was then poured in from the road by the mob , and they left , vociferating that they would sack the town . Coming down John

      Street , they called at some houses , but we have not heard of any damage done . At Mr . Dunphy ' s , in High Street , they called a halt , ami clamoured for broad , but , as we understand , wrre deterred from violence by the sight of Mr . Dunphy ' s blunderbuss . Mr . Winslow was soon on the spot , .- vith the police force ; but before his arrival the mob had dispersed . On the previous night a similar mob made a violent entry into the poorhouse , and succeeded in forcing dinner . To make this matter the more outrageous " , they were people principally in employment , and not fit objects for gratuitous relief , for all the holders of tickets had regularly been feed each day .

      The number of inmates in the house last Saturday week was 1 , 420 Dischar ged during the w . ek , CD ; died , 9 ; admitted during : tho same period . 176 . There were in tbe hospital 250 , of which upwards of 100 were fever cases . This number admitted thia day was 100 ; rejected 10 . Tho amount of rent paid in during the week was £ 20 Is . 4 d . ; remaining uncollected . £ 962 13 s . 4 d .: balance in bank pass-book against the houso , £ 37 0 s . 7 d .

      COUNTY OF LEITH 1 M . De . vhh from Starvation . —We had no idea , prior to the last ten days , of the destitute situation of the comity of Leitrim . Tho poor elasses , generally sneaking , are in such a state nf destinitimi , that death every day seizes its victim . In some lew ca < rs—comparatively very few—inquests have been held . On the ISfcli instant , an inqin'st w ; is held on the remains of Thomas Kiernan , who roiih-il near Leitrim . Verdict— " Died for want of nourishment . It was deposed that the man had not oaten

      food from the I 4 th , except a little si irabont . On the 19 th ult . an inquest was held near Drumsna , on the body of James Byrne . It appeared that the deceased had only once tasted fond for tho last three days . Our correspondent adds , that the people who are living in remote p laces are now so familiarisul with hunger , disease , and death , that within a few hours after dissolution the budie * are quietly deposited in the grave-yards . A great many farmers in the county of Leitrim are said to have a uoud stock of potatoes in reserve for seed . — Jiiilltnliu ; . » 0 u Herald .

      DtfMAXi ) for Fiiikaiims . —We regret to stiff that tho demand for lirc- 'iiim is increasing throtiuhout this county . The regular vendors of these coveted implements of destruction are unable to keep pace with the influx nf custom , and auctioneers find it an easy matter to dispose ol whole ilwsts at , a . taw or market . Last week a travelling hawker appeared in the market ot Dronwre with a earth-ad of guns , blunderbussi s , pistols of various sizes , bullet moulds , and caps , with all the necessary materials for slaughter , which he soon disposed of ti ihu lower or . ' ers of the people , aiming whom the competition ran high as the sale of the attractive toys drew near 11 close . The gun merchants in ibis town state that they hud it exceedingly difficult to keep up a regular supply of the various articles in the trade . —Tyrone

      Constitution . SPREAD OF PISSASK . ^ Fever'is rapidly extending its ravages even in tho metropolis . The Cork-street hospital , one of the largest establishments of its kind in Ireland , is literally crammed with patients , to such a degree of inconvenience , indeed , that the governors have given directions to have temporary buiblingfe ^ sheds . or tents can be so called—prepareig'fJDY > M re . cep . tion of tho numerous patients for ^ mjji eie is no accommodation within doors . * 7 /> ' . ' ? ' ? The statu of the Meath and ipunfoiid hwpitals is equally deplorable , and tho acWubtsYrom ' BllpartB of tho country represent disea ^ Cand destitution P" >« ceeding at an equal pace . ; s , '

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 9, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_09011847/page/7/