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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th December 1850, Edition 2 of 3, Page 3, A bachelor is like a jug without s handl...

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    • ^ Ssster Wttmr
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    • HEALTH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT! UOLLO WAY'S PILLS, Cure of a Disordered Liver and Stomach.
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      ' - ¦ - -- "1, Leigh-Street, Burtoh-Cres...

      ' ¦ December 7 , 1850 . „ ,,, „ _ jj THE NORTHERN star . ¦ - . I t i 3

      ^ Ssster Wttmr

      ^ Ssster Wttmr

      The Toor Ma^S Sabbath. Tj F The Author O...

      THE TOOR MA ^ S SABBATH . tj f the author of " The Omnipotence of the Deity , " 91 " Leisure Hours , " and other Poems ,

      Blessed day—the day God-given , Best-time froln our weary toil ; Only one of all the seyen . Free from crushing -work and moil . Sahhath—rest-day—day of sleeping , Solace for the sis days' care ; Ease for limbs -with pain still creeping From the long week ' s wear and tear Blessed Sabbath , gift of heaven , Man-begrudged , and man-denied ; Uncomnianded , unasked given , When the suffering man-God died . How we love ye , and the giver , For the boon we fondly prize ; For the woodland , field , and river , Blessing then our weary eyes :

      For the Beauty , for the glory , Of the flowers , and sun , and sky ; For the poem , paper , story—Sabbath ' s privilege and joy . Though for us , nor harp nor tabor , "Wake their soft JSolian strains , After days of crushing labour , After nights of aches and pains ; Though for us , nor organs swelling , Church , nor priestly blessing given j Though for us nor parson telling , Seat , nor pew , nor way to heaven "We have Sabbath-music , pealing From the universe of God ; And our raggedness finds kneeling Bounteous on the daisied sod .

      And among the heather stealing , And upon the balmy wind , Truths are whisper'd , hopes revealing Sweet as heaven-light to the blind . Sermons , too , the woods are preaching , Lessons great the press supplies , Weighed , and understood , and teaching , Poor men ' s worth and destinies . Sabbath , then , we'll prize thee ever ! Struggling—wear the galling chain Riveted by cheapenM labour , Hamper'd money , tyrant ' s reign-Till onr moral power and uses . Bights and liberties , shall be Subjected to no abuses—Owned and granted , full and free .

      Then the day—the rest-day—given From our woeful , weary toil , Shall be every day in seven—Rest for labour , bliss for moil . 2 sot with pride onr minds inflating , Scorn of work and hate of rank ; Rest and labour alternating-Life a prize , and not ? a blank . Rising upwards to our level—Feeling all our might and power—2 \ bt misusing it for evil—Wide-world ' s blessing , bulwark , tower Casting down the tyrant ' s places-Banishing the curse of war—Raising up down-trodden faces—Or what good power's given for .

      Till the nations glorious rising , To the privilege erst given-Each the right of other prizing , Earth becomes a tvpe of Heaven

      Utmcute

      utmcute

      Report Of The Speech Of Henry Mayhew, Es...

      Report of the Speech of Henry Mayhew , Esq ., at St . Martin ' s Hall , October 20 , 1850 . London . THIS speech was delivered by the ¦ well-known " Special Correspondent" of the " Morning Chronicle , " at a meeting convened by the Tailors' CommiltQe , for thepurposeof exposing the falsehoods contained in an article in that paper on " The Sweating System , " and to exhibit the terrible evils engendered b y that system , whether regarded in a moral , physical , religious , or sanitary point of view . The Committee have very judiciously published a full report , with the evidence adduced at that meeting , on these points ; and a more appalling record of the misery inflicted by our present Bystera it is scarcely possible to imagine .

      It is also important to know the reason why Mr . Mayhew "was removed from a position in which he was rendering so much service to society . Mr . Mayhew said : — When he first entered into his engagement on this subject with the conductors of the Chronicle , knowing their views upon political economy , he stipulated that not a fact should be altered or withheld in any of his communications , _ and they ^ pledged nim their words that if he supplied them with facts , those facts they would print , no matter what theory or peculiar line of policy they might appear to interfere with . He soon found , however , thatif heput any

      statement in his letters which clashed with theeditor's ideas of free trade , the pen was immediately drawn through it . On one occasion , whilst employed on the bootmakers' trade , this suppression was so strongly marked that he could no longer , as a honest man , submit to it . In this case two passages were omitted from his manuscript , which appeared to hizn to be perfectly fair statements , and which no one but a person determined to suppress the truth , would ever have thought of erasing . The one was a statement from a working man , concerning the influence of French hoots upon his trade—the other a matter of fact , recorded by Mr . Mayhew himself- Here they were : —

      . .. . . . " The trade , I know , generally consider that free trade is © f advantage to the monied man , and not to the working classes . A man who has a regular income can get more for his money when things are cheap . The working classes of this country are unable to compete with foreigners . We are too highly taxed , and stand at too great rents to doit . Let us be Free altogether , and then we will compete with anv nationyou please , both in the style and the mice of our work . But with dear governments

      and dear rents it is useless talking of cheap prices in this country , unless they are obtained at the ruin of the working classes . Let us be free , I say , and then people may talk of free labour as much as they like But we have no means of saying our say If we hold public meetings , government calls it a conspiracy . I take it , though , we are as much an element of the State as either the landlords or the capitalists ; and I look upon it as a dead robbery that I should be forced to pay taxes that I have not the least voice in imposing . You

      see , government puts taxes upon us without allowing us one word in the matter . They expect us to pay them , and at the same time they let in the produce of foreigners duty free—that is , without making them contribute anything to the State—and then expect US to compete with them after they have overburdened us with duties and truces on almnRt MTM-vtbin" at home ; as they have taken the SefoffS goods , let them take the taxes off nsTand then , and not till then , shall we be able to compete with the foreigners / The second paragrap h omitted was as follows . — " Such I am bound in candour to confess , is tne oninion of all such portions of the working classes as I have already been brought into communicationwith . The Sp italfields weavers * "f « 5 «» J * J * r « , n „ rnt «* innists . datme the decline of their on

      wa ^ es from the rednction of the duties foreign goods ; and though the tailors were not so vio-Fently opposed to the free trade policy as the silk weavers ( Sy of them declared themselves supponem of the doctrine , ) still I found them generally of opinion that some enactment was required in order to protect the operative , and restrict tue masters from having work done off their premises . A <* ain , the eoalwhippers dater their prosperity from the bill which prohibited the coal owners from employing other than registered labourers in delivering the cargoes cf their ships ; and they complained bitterly of the operation of the bona fde clause , which allowed masters to engage any hands thev p leased , provided they could make out they had " taken them into their service fourteen days previously . Iam bound , I say , in common honesty to the trust which has been confided to me—viz ., tn rpoister the truth whithersoever it may lead—to

      make known these facts as regards the working men ' s opinions : whether such opinions are formed upon the sound and enlightened principles of an enlarged commercial policy , I leave others to declare . ' Mv function is to record facts , and certainly not to uphold or to oppose theories . Xow , without entering at all into the question of free trado , he ( Mr . Mayhew ) thought no one could affirm that these t » o passages should , m fairness , have been -withheld from the public . But the Editor thought differently ; he had told him ( Xtr Mavhew ) previously that he considered the articles on the bootmakers were all against free £ , de : but his ( Mr . Alayhew ' s ) reply was that _ be

      had nothing to do with that-his business oemg ri mpjy to record the facts as he found them , and rM-teinlv not to give those only which appeared to fcivbur the peculiar policy of the Morning Chronicle *^ or dipgJyr ° fcrceivihg the two passages before r itfe 3 omitted from the printed version of his letter OD thVhoot-and shoemakers / he despatched the following note to the Editor : —

      Report Of The Speech Of Henry Mayhew, Es...

      - - -- " 1 , Leigh-street , Burtoh-cresent , „„ „ T Feb . 5 th , 1850 . Mt beau Sir , —I purposely absented myself from he office last night because I waTanxK to ™ £ ™ f ^ r ™ friends « concerning my position upon the Homing Chronicle . Ithihk I nT SELX ? bef 0 r 6 i H * matters affecting my own interests , or touching my own feelings I Sn 1 rnUt mySSlf t 0 act Bp 0 n my own unad ™ - " "• " '" - - ^ -- "~ ro I i

      n . * !* the pro ° 6 of my last letter there occurred tne two passages which I send herewith , and which yon thought it right to omit . Sow , believe me , my near sir , I have not the least wish or disposition to interfere with , or question the fit exercise of your Othce as Editor of . the Morning Chronicle , still , I myself am bound by the trust that you have confuted to me , to see that the truth , of which you have made me the seeker , is not rendered subservient to the politics of the journal of which you are the Editor .

      " You will remember that before I began the inquiry , you yourself expressed it to be your wish as strongly as it was my determination , that the truth , and the truth alone , should be sought and developed , no matter what party or peculiar principles it might appear to favour or militate against . This , I believe , was the express and tacit understanding between us . The labour question was to be investigated without reference to any particular prejudice , theory , party , or policy , and it was with this spirit that I set ont upon my mission . I made

      up my mind to deal with human nature as a natural philosopher or a chemist deals with any material object ; and , as a man who had devoted some little of his time to physical and metaphysical science , I must say I did most heartily rejoice that it should have been left to me to apply the laws of the inductive philosophy for the first time , I believe , in the world to the abstract questions of political economy . I am thus prolix because I wish yon to understand that 1 am anxious to raise no frivolous objection to the exercise of your functions as Editor of the Morning Chronicle .

      " The enclosed paragraphs you have thought fit to erase from my printed letter of last Monday , This { I am sure you will pardon me in so saying ) appears to me to he an interference with the duties entrusted to me , that I am bound in honour and honesty to protest against . I am well aware that the opinions expressed in those paragraphs are not consonant with the politics of the Morning Chronicle With that , however , I , as a person collecting and registering facts ( without reference to any particular creed or theory ) am in no way concerned ; and I must say , that if these facts are to be omitted because they are thought not to coincide with

      certain preconceived notions , or a peculiar line of policy , I must decline continuing my labours upon the Morning Chronicle . " I say this after consultation with my friends , and those friends , moreover gentlemen advocating the same principles as the Morning Chronicle itself ; and the conclusion come to among us is , that I cannot in honour consent to pursue my investigations until I have an assurance from you that the enclosed paragraphs shall be inserted in my next letter , and that in future no matter of fact bearing upon the subject of my inquiries shall be omitted from mv letters .

      " I trust yon will receive this in the spirit that it is written , and see that far from having any wish to dictate to you in the exercise of your office , I am anxious only to carry out to the letter the terms of my engagement with you , and to do my duty both to yon and the public in as fair and just a manner as I posibly can . "I shall feel obliged by your answer in the course of this evening . I leave town to-night and shall return early in the morning ; so if you will oblige me with a line , saying that I may continue my labours in the same impartial spirit as I began , I will immediately set to work again as cheerfully and heartily as ever . If , however , you think that

      in making the insertion of the enclosed paragraphs an express stipulation of the continuation of my inquiries , I am demanding too much of you , or seeking to interfere with yonr duties in a manner that you cannot permit , then ( as I am anxious to put you to as little inconvenience as I can ) I shall be happy to complete my inquiries into the income and condition of the shoemakers , so that my labours upon the Morning Chronicle may terminate with as little disagreeableness as possible . " Be your decision , however , as it may , I trust that this misunderstanding will in no way even cool the friendship that exists between us , and which makes me subscribe myself ,

      "My dear Sir , your very sincere friend , " Henry Mayhkw . " \ The Editor then gave Mr . M . his assurance that no erasure should be thereafter made without first consulting him on the subject , but in a few weeks the same dishonest tampering again took place with his articles , and his situation on the paper became one of a not very amicable nature . He and the conductors were continually disputing , and he was as continually reminding the gentlemen that hs wished to be quit of his engagement ; and

      he should have been quit of it long ago , had they not told him that if he left they wsuTd get somebody else to write his letters—and he certainly did not wish to father other persons' articles . ( Hear , hear . ) At last they proposed to him that he should describe the state of the workers in metals , in two articles ; hut feeling that he could not . in justice to the operatives or himself , do so as a honest man , he replied , " No ; I have done with it ; " and he then left . Two or three days after this out came the article respecting the Messrs . Nicoll , gainsaying all he had said .

      That " The Special Correspondent" has been led to very different conclusions from our Free Trade journals and economists , by his personal and practical experience , will be seen from the following extract : — But , after all , he asked , was ifc possible to have things cheap ? Political economists told them that cheapness was to be the great national blessing indeed , the " cheap age" was to be the political "Millemum . " But how was cheapness possible Ivt bv exalting one trade at the expense of another ? ( Hear . ) For instance , suppose that one coat were exchanged for one hat and that the quantity of coats were to he doubled . It was clear that in that case two coats would exchange lor one hat . But

      suppose the number of hats to be in their turn doubled , would it not then come to the same thingone coat would still exchange against only one hat ; so that make evebtthixg cheap , asd we WERE SIMPLY IS THE PLACE WHERE WE WEBB BEFORE , notwithstanding all the Jiurry and scramble to do that which cannot be done . It was , in fact , as impossible to have every thing cheap or dear , as it was to have every man short or tall . These were relative terras , and both supposed one common standardthe mere deviation from which they expressed . The common standard of value was cost ot production , and that article alone was cheap which fell below this point . Whether this was the blessing that political economists raved about—whether they wished all things , or even half , or a smaller fraction to fall below the cost of production—or whether they really tfi'rf know what they meant when

      they talked about cheapness and its advantage to a community , Mr . Mayhew was at a loss to comprehend . The tendency of the cheap mama was to enable one trade , or one man in a trade , to ruin all the rest , by forcing the price of his or their goods be ' ow the current price . The means hy which it was ordinarily done were as follows -. —There was a legitimate cheapness and an illegitimate cheapness . The former was the result of an extensive production—ifc was brought about when , by scientific improvements and a division of labour , or by the use of machinery , we got to do our work with a smaller tmmberof hands , and so to produce at a diminished expense . To produce a greater amount of tvealth with a lesser amount of labour was said to be the greatest blessing to a community . And so it would be PROVIDED WE HAD NOT TOO MAST UNEMPLOYED

      LABOURERS ALREADY , AND WB COULD KILL OFF THOSE WHOM WE THUS DEPRIVED OF WORK . But W 6 must keep our surplus paupers . Let us put them aside as much as we pleased , still if we did not keep them as honest workmen , they would appear around vs as paupers and criminals . We might conceive the whole wealth of the country to he produced by the pers- ns who were merely employed to make ana attend upon the machines ; but what was to become Of the people got rid of by these means ? We had put them on one side ; could we wring their nceks ' . If we could not , they must live , and that upon a portion of the produce of the community . ( Hear , hear . ) A short time ago he ( Mr . M . ) wentiuto Unekir . nhamshire to look into the allotment syslounu

      tem -And , in one parish of 1 , 800 acres , he tint " onlv a few vears ago , there were seventeen Sets " who occup ied , upon thcaverage , 100 acres eich and constantly employed six men a piece , or , * wsara ^^ V « = i ^ S ^^^ y ^ was ^ ecreascd one-half . He lea , wil , shirej clergyman there . J * " * in that county that the same thing was §>«""

      upon the lands . And what , he asked , weio the 1 , 500 , 000 who had boon displaced , now **™ fwhere were they gone to ? Had they remained ai home preying upon Hieir own people—or were tliey gone to other countries—or did they form a part of those lands of ruffians who were walking about the eart / i committing acts at which the soul revolted ? The working classes in Great Britain were about four millohs ont of a population of eighteen millions and a half . These were the producers of the entire wealth of the country . And the estimated power cf

      Report Of The Speech Of Henry Mayhew, Es...

      the mechanical labour of the country was 600 , 000 , 000 of men . No wonder , then , that we talked of over-populaiion , and that there was a difficulty for men to get a crust for their day ' s subsistence . The one crying difficulty of the time was what we should do with the men whose labour was displaced by the progress which had heen , and was continually being , made hy science and mechanical skill ? They must wake up to tJie actual reality of the state of things around them , and not continue to follow men like Mr , Cobden and Mr . Bright , who told them that they were happy , that tliey were well fed , that they had as much as they wanted , and thai their wives and their children were not at that time starving . Let these men come with him ( Mr . Mayhew ) but one day , and he pledged himself to show them such scenes of

      horror and misery as should affright them—if thy possessed souls—to their vbrt souls . He ( Mr . M . ) had no creed as regarded tho remedy as yet . He saw evils ; but so many fresh ones were constantly presenting themselves in bis pathway that , until the facts wero collected , it was impossible for him to state what he thought . would cure them . There was another evil in the large and scientific system of production as at present carried out , that had not yet been estimated . The labourers displaced by it must , as he said before , be maintained by some means ; if they could no longer earn a subsistence by they labour , they must be kept at the expense of the State . We could not allow them to

      die of starvation , even if they would . Let us therefore endeavour to compute how much the country had to pay every year for . the support of those very working men with whose labour we considered it the highest blessing to be able to dispense . Remember , we can only produce cheap—even in a legitimate my—ly creating the same or a greater amount of wealth with a smaller quantity of labour , or in other words , a fewer number of labourers . If there he 4 , 000 , 000 of workpeople in this country , and we learn how to do all the work with only 3 , 000 , 000 , then it . is very clear that the remaining million must be kept in a state of idleness , at the expense of the community . If , then , our population be increasing by hundreds every day , and every day we from

      are , improvements in both the science and art of manufacture , learning how to decrease our labourers by the same amount , it fellows that our paupers and criminals , despite all our gaols , prison discipline , ragged schools , allotments , and such other physical and moral panacea , must be continually increasing at a most alarming and overwhelming rate . Let ne , then , endeavour to find out how dear a thing cheapness may be to a civilised community . In the first place , the paupers alone cost the country seven millions of pounds a year ; then the sum dispensed in charities , to alms-people , mendicants , the inmates of asylums and hospitals , amounts at least , to three " millions more ( the income derived from property bequeathed for charitable purposes is very nearly half the amount ); and , lastly , the cost of maintaining the thirty

      thousand criminals that enter our gaols every year , together with the value of the property stolen , is upwards of a million ; thus making the entire expense of supporting the outcasts of our State amount to less that twelve millions of pounds sterling per annum . Look at it in which way we please , this sum expresses tho amount by which the working classes of this country are unable to support themselves , and which the community at large has to make up to tbem . But if the working classes cannot ejirn enough by twelve millions of pounds to maintain themselves , byjiow much are the trading classes deficient—in other words , what amount of money does the nation lose every year through the reckless and dishonest dealings—the insane competition—the suicidal underselling of its tradesmen , in order to keep pace with the national love of cheapness ?

      THE TOTAL LOSS THROUGH BANKRUPTCIES IS THUS ESTIMATED . The dividends paid by the Court of £ Bankruptcy in 1845 , were ... 1 , 213 , 000 By a return of one Court of the actual result of fifty cases , taken consecutively , the average amount of dividend paid was not three shillings in the pound . This sum , therefore , represents gross debts of £ 8 , 066 , 000 , and a net loss of ( proved by the returns of the Court of Bankruptcy in 1845 ) 6 , 853 , 000 From extensive inquiry , it appears that the cases passing through the Court of Bankruptcy are not one tenth in

      number or amount of the insolvency of the country , the remaining ninetenths being arranged under deeds of assignment and composition . The dividends , however , on such cases will , on an average , reach seven shillings in the pound , making the aunual loss , under Composition Deeds , assuming this proportion to be correct , amount , to the enormous sum of . 52 , 429 , 000 The cases beard before the Insolvent ; Debtors' Court amounted , in 1843 , to above £ 5 , 000 ; the average loss may be estimated at , per annum 1 , 000 , 000 Total loss per annum £ 61 , 495 , 000 Now adding the above enormous amount to the twelve millions for the cost of maintaining the paupers and criminals of this country , wc have a sum total of seventy-three millions of money , or very nearly one-fourth of the entire National Income lost in the insane attempt to drive down the prices of things below their prime cost . Was there tlien so dear a luxury as cheapness—so extravagant and ruinous a propensity ? To gratify this same overweening love of bargains , every man , woman , and child had to pay £ 3 Ss . every year . This sum was the common penalty paid for the blind belief that it was possible for a nation to grow rich while each individual was striving to cut down rent , profits , and wages below subsistence point . Such are the evils of cheapness , even when legitimately attained ; that is to say , when effected solely by improved means of production , and so reducing the number of labourers .

      Life, Scenery, And Customs, In Sierra Le...

      Life , Scenery , and Customs , in Sierra Leone and the Gambia . By Thomas Eyre Poole , D . D ., formerly of Magdalen Hall , Oxford . London : Bentley . Mr . Poole was Colonial Chaplain , and has lived to return and tell his tale of that white man ' s grave . How he escaped is surprising . The every day duties of Colonial and Garrison Chaplain are fatiguing enough in auch a climate ; but the visitation of the sick and the burial of the dead are harassing to the last degree , especially as the doctor Eeems to think the fever infectious as . well as contagious

      while the numerous funerals are generally performed under circumstances both depressing and noxious . He also had other grounds of annoyance , about which he speaks somewhat darkly in his sketches of the morals and manners of the colony . Dr . Poole , however , lived through it all , and in tolerable enjoyment , too . He not only took his " constitutional" exercise , but made numerous excursions ^ in . the neighbourhood of Freetown , and visited our settlements on the Gambia , making a long

      voyage up the river . He exposed himself at all hours , professionally or for pleasure ; and lived well . The Colonial Chaplain is no ascetic . He enjoys a good dinner , and a glass of wine , or grog , or " Bass ' s pale , " and seems only not to smoke because he cannot . These things , and some other matters in costume , & c , which would make a priest or formalist turn up his eyes , either cannot be avoided in the primitive state of an African settlement on the Western coast , or are indispensable to existence . In the Tropics we roust live well

      to live at all . The work contains a good deal of information as regards the Coloured and European population of Sierra Leone ; with opinions and suggestions respecting this part of Africa and tho natives , of a mixed kind ; some being sensible , and others useless or impracticable . There are complaints against the Colonial Office , and many exposures of mismanagement and abuses ; with narratives of excursions , and sketches of incidents of travel or adventures in the wild , . .

      All the immigrants who were brought to Sierra Leone during the time of slavery were very far beyond the natives . The following will g ive an account of an English preacher ' s duties among the " Niggers " : — A more pleasing and delightful trait of character , of quite a different complexion , and which was exhibited under very interesting circurasfanees , was once described to me by a friend on the coast , who was himself concerned in the transaction which brought it to light . This gentleman had been preaching on tho previous day to the people uncer

      his care . " Ho was accosted by a native , one of the members of his charge , who said he wished very much to speak to him ; and , on being asked the purport of his question , he told the person what ho wanted , which was an explanation of a word he had heard but could not understand . " Massa , massa , ' Iia exclaimed , " good morning , massa : You done « ueak , yesterday , one big word ! " lie was asked what it was . The . inquirer continued , " Massa , 1 no can tell , but I want you to tell mo what it IS . The gentleman was altogether at a losr to ednjuc . tare how that expression could be which had made

      Life, Scenery, And Customs, In Sierra Le...

      Srtto rS £ ?^ ? -on-thls simPIe bufc sincere contaJwuSS ?^ and Med a variety of words , of eS anaL l ?? ^ that Wfcictt ™ the SUbjec man The ^ ' " ? - »^« y « " asked the gentletX ?' nJte ? V , "Tiafc . bright for good , but SSffiim ¦ u ° T d" " Ia ifc Go <*? " «» fin » eathe tZS ^ ZPI" God be ori gH" answered SL # '^ J , ! hat not the word - " " ^ the IfL n ? , - ed my frlend " J s"ez that , " said i ? Jt tiX . J ? hearfc ' " P uttiD S his hand « P ° JtS ' ThSn , etSnB ; thafc b 8 ^ but it no be Sv t « „? 2 er >« enian was almost disheartened and reany to give up the mouiry . when ha wm » mh ^

      « S ° , i ^ e resswn effulgence . " Is it efful-?™ il « n . ked £ Sentleman . The word was U ^ mL f ° ke ? than _ ' in an ecstasy ^ ° el'gW . toughing for , oy , the African exclaimed , "Yes , ifllA l f- massa that Le Mffwd : please tell me what that big word mean . " To tho best of his abi-^ InTn K ers on tr t 0 m £ tko biD » understand its " r . ?«« - ?! rectln S his attention to the rising sun , ^; i . ° PJects . calculated to assist his mind in comprehending it ; when the poor fellow observed , Sh i . ^ heaven ' and Gasping his hands GouMn heaven V ' maS ^ that iusfc how we shal ) see

      Here is a good idea of a stylish Negro wedding : ¦ - ° The behaviour of tho applicants lor the bonds of liymen is , for the most part , decorous : but I am sometimes compelled to read them a lecture , as well as the friends who attend them . I make , however , every allowance for their not knowing better . The most troublesome and unpleasant part of the duty is to regulate and keep in order the ill-behaved , and very often disreputable characters who noisily and irreverently crowd into the church on such occasions , and would , if not restrained by severe and decisive interference , bring their indecencies and ribaldry up to the railings of the altar . I have often been obli ged to send for a policeman to

      pro serve decorum ; and then the miserable beings will run out of the church with laughter and grins and every other expression of ignorance and contempt . The dress of the bride and bridegroom at the bridal merits'a better pen than mine to describe it . The uglier the parties , the more pains they seem to take to-ehow it off to the utmost , by the most conspicuous contrast of colour and finery . Fancy a short ; dumpy , waddling hit of a body , black as jet , covered with white silk or satin ! Flounces four deep , whito satin shoos , white gloves , artificial wreath or a fillet of natural flowers encircling her curly pate . There is no exaggeration in this . Then the massive earrings of virgin gold depending from two monstrous lapping ears , the almost imperceptible nose , the

      pouting lip , and white pearly teeth . So much for the bride . Now for the bridegroom . Scarcely able to turn one way or the other , so tightly is he cased in a blue swallow-tailed coat with gilt figured buttons , white folding waistcoat , and everything else to correspond . The wedding-ring must not be overlooked , as it is frequently a curiosity itself and not always of gold , or plain , but sometimes silver , brass , tin , broad and twisted . The glove of the bashful lady has generallyto be violently taken off to admit the putting on the finger the precious emblem of fidelity and perpetuity of love : and I have never wanted volunteers to officiate for me in helping the most interested of the party to got the ring honestly and fairly in its appointed place .

      The most painful part of my duty in these matters was to get them to repeat tho words of the service after me . The wretched stupidity they would show in trying to do this , exceeds belief ; and the unseasonable ridicule it would provoke in their own people was distressingly trying . In- short , their utter ignorance in numerous cases of the nature of the responsibilities they were undertaking could not fail of causing regret that they marry at all , The Medical Recorder ; being a Digest of Practical Medicine and Surgery . First Half-yearly Part . Edited b y W . Raleigh Baxter , L . L . D . London : Palmer and Clayton .

      This work is intended to supply a deficiency in medical literature which has long been felt ; for , although there are many publications which give recent discoveries in chemistry , and improved modes of treating disease , yet they are so scattered about in different publications , as to be scarcely available to the busy general practitioner . The "Medical Recorder" brings into one volume , in as short a space as possible , everything of importance which has occurred within the half-year . The subjects are arranged alphabetically , and are thus easily referred to ; and they are concisel y treated , which is a great advantage . There has evidently been great labour in preparing the part before us , and we think the result is a highly successful one , and that it supplies most satisfactorily the deficiency to which we have alluded . We think the medical profession will find it a most useful book of reference , and as such we recommend it .

      "We give the following extract , as it may amuse our readers , and is , at the same time , - suggestive to those who don't wish to die of over-fat : — Fat , Generation of . —We borrow the following from Dr . T . K . Chambers ' s "Gulstonian Lectures , " reported in the Lancet for May . The ortolan anecdote has been told before , we believe , in a work addressed to those whose " talk is of bullocks , " and who excel in spoiling meat for the large markets , by over-feeding . We give the extract , however , not merely because it is amusing , but that its physiological reading is suggestive of hints for the prevention of unhealthly and unseemly obesity;— " Perhaps the greatest refinement in fattening is exhibited in the

      manner of feeding ortolans . The ortolan is a small bird , esteemed a great delicacy by the Italians . It is the fat of this bird which is so delicious ; but it has a peculiar habit of feeding which is opposed to its rapid fattening—that is , that it feeds only at the rising of the sun . Yet this peculiarity has not proved an insurmountable obstacle to the Italian gourmands . The ortolans are placed in a warm chamber , perfectly dark , with only one aperture in the wall . Their food is scattered over the floor of the chamber . At a certain hour in the morning the keeper of the birds places a lantern in the orifice of the wall ; the' dim light thrown by the lantern on the floor , induces the ortolans to believe that the sun is about to rise , and they greedily consume the food upon the floor . More

      food is now scattered over it , and the lantern is withdrawn . The ortolans , rather surprised at the shortness of the day , think it their duty to fall asleep , as night has spread his sable mantle around them . During sleep , little of the food being expended in the production of force , most of it goes to the formation of muscle and fat . After they have been allowed to repose for one or two hours , in order to complete the digestion of the food taken , their keeper again exhibits the lantern through the aperture . The rising sun again illuminates the apartment , and the birds , awaking from their slumber , apply themselves " voraciously to the food upon the floor ; after having discussed which , they are again enveloped in darkness . Thus the sun is made to shed its rising rays into the chamber four or five times every day , and as many nights follow its transitory beams The ortolans thus

      treated become like little balls of fat in a few days . Here several applications of the same principle occur at once : absence of waste from motion , in the extra sleep which the birds get ; absence of the usual chemical changes from the influence of light ; an unusual supply of food , from their being deluded into taking four meals a day instead of one ; and great facilities for digesting that food , by being removed from the view of those external objects which naturally arouse tie anxieties , and so hamper the digestion of waking mortal ; . A cruel advantage is taken by the natives in India of their knowledge of the above fact . The wild hog will not fatten in confinement , because he is constancy looking about for some way of escape , and is harrassed by the prospect of his prison walls . They therefore sew up the eyelids of the animal , and then he rapidly becomes fit for the table . "

      The Christian Socialist. Parti. Watson, ...

      The Christian Socialist . Parti . Watson , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . We have so recently noticed this excellent periodical , that it is unnecessary for us to do more than acknowledge the receipt of the first part , complete , and to commend ifc again to the support of all who take an interest in the social welfare of the people .

      A Large Snip Deserted.—Amongst The Disas...

      A Large Snip Deserted . —Amongst the disasters in the late gale , a large timber ship became water-logged , and in this state was abandoned off the south-western coast , by her captain aud crew , who were brought safe into Queenstown . Their statements having led to a knowledge of her position , Mr . N . Seymour , junr ., took a crew of twenty men out in the Amphithrite cutter , belonging to Messrs . Seymour and Co ., and was fortunate enough to board her , and leave the men in charge . The name of the vessel is the Coromandel , of Liverpool , and . we understand that her value , including the

      ciirgo , exceeds £ 0 , 000 . These become a droit of Admiralty , and will be sold as such . Ccmous Circumstance . — A few days since , as some sportsmen wero hunting wild boars in the Forest of Villegusien , near Langres , the servant of one of the party fired at a boar , which fell , and . the man , thinking he was dead , ran to take possession of his prize , when the animal , which , though morally wounded , had still strength enough to rise up , attacked his-assailant , and striking him withhis tusk , 'abided the crural artery , by which he bled to death" ! a few minutes . — Gallignani s Messenger .- .

      Yavmm

      yavmm

      A Bachelor Is Like A Jug Without S Handl...

      A bachelor is like a jug without s handle , there ' s no taking hold of him . Never court the favour of the rich by flattering either their vanity or their vices . Why is the letter S likely to prove dangerous when used in an argument?—Because it turns words into Swords . The man that rides the night-mare has challenged the telegraph to trot fifty miles before a waggon . Gigantic crystals have been found in Cairngorm by the "diggers" engaged in the pursuit ; two especially weighing 23 lbs . and 651 bs . Extraordinary Fact . —It is stated , upon the very highest authority , "that the Queen never takes anything to eat in the morning before breakfast . "

      A gentle heart is like ripe fruit , which bends so low that it is at the mercy of every one who chooses to pluck it , while the harder fruit keeps out of reach . A Cure for Love . —A quaint author recommends as a cure for love—first , to fast ; then tarry ; thirdly , change thy p lace ; fourthly , think of a halter , which is very concise and easily to be done . The kusibers of the French army have been diminished within the past year from 451 , 000 men to 396 , 000 , while the ships of war , of which , in 1 S 18 , there were 235 , are now reduced to 125 . Tub-Mind . —The mind has a certain vegetative power , which cannot be wholly idle . If it is not laid out and cultivated into a beautiful garden , ifc will of itself shoot up in weeds or flowers of a wild growth .

      An I . O . IT . cannot be transferred from one person to another ; but if a person produces in a Court of Law an I . O . TJ . not directed to anv one , unless the contrary is proved , the party producing it is supposed to be the TJ . The hiofikr the order of intellect with which one is brought in contact , the less one has to fear ; true goodness is all charity , and true genius is the least presumptuous . Knowledge cannot be acquired without pains and application . It is troublesome and like deep digging for pure waters ; but when once you come to the spring , they rise up and meet you . A Candid ^ . eply . — "I shall be happy , " said an expiring husband to his wife , who was weeping most dutifully by the bedside , " if you will only promise not to marry , that object of my unceasing jealousy , your cousin Charles . "— " Make yourself quite easy , love , " said the expectant widow , " I am engaged to his brother , "

      A Quack . — "Ma am said a quack to a nervous old lady , " yours is a semtunary complaint . "" What is that ?"— "Ifc is the dropping of the nerves . The nerves having fallen into the pizarintum , the chest becomes torbeious , the head goes tizarizzen , tizarizzen . " — "Oh , Doctor , you have described by feelings exactly . ' " A Poser . —A cornet in a " crack" regiment of the line was asked by the military examiner whether the sun moved round the earth ov the earth rouud the sun . The youngster was astonished at the question : —and after hesitating for some time , said at last , by way of compromise— " Sometimes the one and sometimes the other . Rather over-Zeaiotjs . — We have recently

      heard of a piece of Protestant zeal , which ,, notwithstanding all our heartiness in the cause , goes , in our opinion , a little beyond discretion . It appears that a gentleman who feels an honest indignation at the recent conduct of the Romish hieraroh , has refused to deal any longer with his butcher , for sending him a leg of mutton with the Pope ' s eye in it . —Punch . A Serious Joke . —In the reign of Edward the Fourth the sign of the " Crown" in Cheapside was kept by one Walter Walker . This person had observed in joke that he would make his son " heir to the Crown . " The words reached the jealous ears of royalty ; the foolish equivoque was construed into the crime of high treason , and the man was hanged opposite to his own door . —Jesse's London and its Celebrities .

      Cheating , and being Cheated . —Lying is the commonest and most conventional of all vices ; it is one that pervades , more or less , every class of the community ; and it is fancied to be so necessary to the carrying on of human affairs , that the practice is tacitly agreed on In the monarch it is" king craft , " in the statesman " expediency , " ' in the churchu . an " mental reservation , " in the lawyer " the interest of his client , " in the merchant and shopkeeper , " secrets of trade . "—Men Women , and Books .

      GOLDEN RULES FOR BRIDES . Resolve every morning to be cheerful that day ; and should anything occur to break your resolution , suffer it not to put you out of temper with your husband . Dispute not with him , he the occasion what it may ; bufc much rather deny yourself the satisfaction of having your own will , or gaining the better of an argument , than risk a quarrel or create aheart-burning , which it is impossible to see the end of . Implicit submission in a man to his wife is ever disgraceful to both ; but implicit submission in a wife to the just will of her husband is what she promised at the altar —what the good will revere her for ; and what is , in fact , the greatest honour she can receive .

      Be assured , a woman s power , as well as her happiness , has no other foundation than her husband ' s esteem and love , which it is her interest , by all possible means , to preserve and increase—share and soothe his cares , and , with the utmost assiduity , conceal his errors . Laws of Hospitality . — A Bedawee , having obtained entrance surreptitiously into tho house of a merchant , an inhabitant of Mecca , made up a convenient parcel of goods to decamp with , and was on the point of leaving the premises , wh * n he happened , in the dark , to strike his foot against something hard on the floor . Thinking ifc might be an article of value , he picked it up and put ittohistoneue , when , to his equal mortification and disappointment , he found ic to be a lump of rock salt . Having thus tasted the salt of the owner , his avarice gave way to his respect for the laws of hospitality ; and throwing down his booty , he withdrew empty-handed .

      UTILE OF SUCCESS . Be firm : one constant element in luck Is genuine , solid , old Teutonic pluck . See yon tall shaft—it felt the earthquake ' s thrill , Clung to its base , and greets the sunrise still . Stick to your aim ; the mongrel's hold will slip , But only crowbars loose the bull-dog ' s grip : Small as he looks , the jaw that never yields Drags down the bellowing monarch of the fields . Supply of Water . —The Board bf Health hns published a report on the proposed Water-supply to the Metropolis . Ifc contains a table of forty springs which

      yield at their source nearly forty millions of gallons per day , of a quality at and under one degree of hardness , equivalent to the supply of more than half a million of houses , at the rate of seventy-five gallons for each house per day ; and guarantees at least ten more millions of gallons per day at and under two degrees of-hardness . To the report is affixed a plan of tile drains , which shall catch the waters as they issue from the earth , and led them to a main trunk that shall flow into a covered reservoir on Wimbledon Common , large enough to contain two days' supply against any emergency , and throwing its waste into the Thames .

      AUSTRIA , PRUSSIA , AND BAVARIA . The entire population of Austria is 38 , 000 , 000—of which there are G . TOO . OOO Germans , 16 , 500 , 000 Slavonians , 6 , 700 , 000 Italians , and 5 , 900 , 000 Magyars . The military force of the empire consists of a standing army , and of an army of reserve called theLandwehr . The permanent force , in time of peace , is 414 , 000 men ; and during war , 639 , 659 . The public revenue is £ 15 , 000 , 800 . The public debt is £ 103 , 500 , 000 ; but the army and the internal administration are the principal sources of expense .

      The population of Prussia , including the various provinces , is 16331 , 187 . The standing army is 137 , 000 men ; but the men capable of bearing arms , and liable to be called upon , amount to 837 , 000 . The budget of 1849-50 , menlion an army of 217 , 200 men , of which 96 , 100 are soldiers of the Landwher . Military service for three years is imperative on all the male population , who subsequently form the Landwher . The Landstrum comprises all others capable of bearing arms between the ages of 17 and 50 . The public revenue , in 1849 , was £ 14 , 000 , 000 . The population of Bavaria is 4 , 504 , 874 , The permanent army , in time of peace , amounts to 58 , 239 men , besides four companies of veterans . There is also , in addition , an army of reserve , and the militias , or Landwehr , in which , every male , without exception , is liable to serve . The regular army is raised by conscription .

      The Roman Catholic Church . —From a return made in the vear 1767 , it iippears that the number of Roman Catholics in England and Wales was 67 , 916 . The number in England and Wales at tho present time exceeds 1 , 000 , 000 . During a debate in the House of Commons on the 15 th of March , 1779 , it was stated by Mr . Dempster that the Catholics in Ireland might amount to 12 , 000 or 13 , 000 . The number of Catholics now in Scotland is about 200 , 000 . The enormous immigration of Irish is the key to the f ; ir greater part of this increase . In the neighbourhood of Glasgow , for instance , there are not much less than 100 , 000 Irish ; and the influx of Irish into Liverpool , Manchester , Birmingham , Leeds ,

      Sliaffield , Nottingham , and London , which are the chief seats of the increase noticed above , will account for it almost entirely . The actual conversions , which are comparatively few , are almost entirely among the wealthy and the scholastic , and consist of persons already prepared by the labours of the Puseys and the Philpottses . The Catholic Register , just published , states that in the United States of America there are 3 archbishops , 24 bishops , 1 , 109 priests , 1 , 073 churches , and a Roman Catholic population of 1 , 473 , 350 , most of whom , too , are also Irish . The same Register gives a detailed list of distinguished converts to the Catholic Church in Germany , amongst whom are two princes , one princess / three dukes , and three counts . '

      Health Where 'Tis Sought! Uollo Way's Pills, Cure Of A Disordered Liver And Stomach.

      HEALTH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT ! UOLLO WAY'S PILLS , Cure of a Disordered Liver and Stomach .

      Ad00314

      . when in a most hopeless state . Bji A h . ^ et ? rftwn Mr . Matthew Harvey , of Chape ] Q , n v e ' ? cotIana , dated the 15 th of January , 1850 . God ' s bleC ^ P UaMe » il 13 nave been tno mcans ' ^ I ° S l „ £ ' f « ;? , restoring me to a state of perfect health , £ ? ra IhuTco ^ nu 1 ^ " ^* was on tUe brink of the Svhat C coum f 8 everal eminent doctors , who , after mv Areas honLss T ^ ' Btate ( 1 thattliev considered ££ < w ? m n llSE-SX' cf ^ r gh , saytnat I had been suffer . every one considered my coUtoS » , Wg YaM Msource , gota _ boXofjourpills , whichSo ou ^ by persevering in their use tor some weeks , together with rubbing night and morning your Ointment over my chest and stomach , and right side , I have by their means alone got completely cured , and to tho astonishment of myself and everybody who knows me . —( Signed ) Matthew Hakvev . —To Professor Hollowat . Cure of a Case of V , ' eakness and Debility , o f Four Tears' Standing .

      Ad00315

      Thirty-Fifth Edition , Containing Vie Remedy for the Prevention of Disease . Illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel . ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , GENERATIVE INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE . A new and improved Edition , enlarged to 196 pages , price 2 s . Cd ; hy post , direct from the Establishment , 3 s , © c in postage stamps , THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on tho Exhaustion and Physical Deeaj of the System , produced by Excessive Indslgenee , the consequence ? of Infection , er the abuse of Mercury .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 7, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_07121850/page/3/