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    ¦G THE NORTHERN^TAR. July 7, 1849. _ _^_...

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    r..,x7=: op Loxnox nuniXG the »vef.s.—Th...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    ¦G The Northern^Tar. July 7, 1849. _ _^_...

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    R..,X7=: Op Loxnox Nunixg The »Vef.S.—Th...

    r .., x 7 =: op Loxnox nuniXG the » vef . s . —The 1 , 217 < leath- > registered in the week exhibit an excess of 354 above the weekly average of the quarter , which ends on Jane the 30 th ; hut this nnusu . il result is due , 'xlv hi wart to an increased rate of mortality . The registration of a considerable portion of those deat-i ? oh which inquests werehrfd , though they occurred at . in earlier period , is not completed till the end of fhe quarter ; a fact , by which is explained the accumulation of deaths observed in the present return , & cai fractures , imaging , drowning , -poison , "burns , and . some vaguely described as " natural , " or "from the visitation of God . " The number now

    returned by coroners as caused by violence is upwards of SO , though the weekly average is only 29 : those enumerated in tho table as " sudden deaths " are -H 3 , jhough the average dors not exceed 11 ; an excess , for the same reason , is found under " apoplexy , " the cases returned being 42 , wiiile the average is 24 . Hut the mortality from diseases of a tubereslsr nature , and from those of the organs of eircuiaiiea , differs little from the average ; that from diseases of the respiratory organs falls considerably under it . In the zvmotic or epidemic class the increase is remarkably ; here , the deaths which in the tvo previous weeks were respectively 251 , 277 , -were last week 3 i * d , whilst the average is 193 . The

    fetal causes in this group , which attract notice , are hooping-cough , from which there were 53 deaths ( the average being 3 S ;) diarrhoea , from which there -were 30 , whilst the average is 12 ; and cholera , from which 32-i deaths are enumerated . The recent progress of this disease is shown hy the -weekly returns ; lor in foui * previous weeks the fatal cases were respectively 9 , 22 , 42 , and 49 . Last , week it was fatal to TG males and 4 E females , of whom , only five were under five years of age , 21 between that age and fifteen years , 83 at fifteen and under sixty , and 10 at sixty and upwards . Few deaths from it occurred in the north districts . Mr . Western , the registrar of St . -James , Clerkcnwcll , reports that a man died from ' * fever" after an illness of six davs . He had

    lam ou the floor of a miserable hovel six feet square , and within a few feet of nuisance , wliich accumulated and overflowed in the court . Two cases are ascribed to intemperance , two to privation ,. and a young man of 18 died in Pancras of " phthisis , " while left in a destitute condition by his father , who lad deserted him . A woman died in the City-road sub-distriei at the advanced age of 109 years . The mean height of the barometer during the week was 29 . 87 ( 3 el the mean temperature of the week was rather higher than the average of seven years , though -under it during the last three days . It was about -5 deg . hi gher than the average on Tuesday and Wednesday ; and on the former day the highest in the shade was 75 deg . 6 niin . and in the sun lOOdegV 7 min . The mean temperature of the week was 60 deg . 2 min .

    Accn > r . 5 TAT theEhsios Station . —On Monday evening , whilst shunting the seven o ' clock up train , after ; he passengers had alighted , to make room for the easht o ' clock up train , a first-class carriage ran off the " line against one of the columns supporting the shcti . The girders of the roof immediately broke , and a portion of the roof fell upon one of the first-class carriages . So person was bnrt , but the damage done to the roof was considerable . I / ATJXG THE PlBST StOXE OF TUB OLYMPIC Tbeatri :. —For a considerable time past labourers lave been employed on the site of the late Olympic Theatre , clearing away such worthlessruinsas were occasioned by the recent calamitous fires , and on Saturday last the first stone of the new edifice was laid by Miss Ellen CavelL daughter of the proprietor , in presence of the proprietor , the architect , and a large circle of private friends , including numerous persons connected with literature , the fine aits , and the drama . -

    Accinr . xr ox the River , axd Loss of Life . —An accident occurred npon the river on Saturday evening last , near the Archbishop of Canterbury ' s palace . " It appeared that five persons , named Win . Field , Edward Groves , Samuel 3 filler , Thomas Barnes , and Win . Biggins , all in the employment of Messrs . Price , the patent cocoa-nut caudle manufacturers , at Tauxhall , had been to witness a cricket match at Battcrsea , and were returning in a four-eared boat , when the surf caused by a passing steamer struck the boat and turned it over , preci pitating the five persons into the river . Several watermen pni off ia their boats , and succeeded after some time in getting the four first-named out of the water , but Higgins unfortunately was drowned . " £ he deceased was a son of Police-constable Higgins , iff the L division .

    IXQEE 3 TS . Death while Bathisg . —Before Mr . Higgs , on Saturday last , at the Spotted Dog , Strand-lane , on the body of Mr . William Taylor , late chief manager at Messrs . Simpkin and Marshall , publishers , Stationers ' -eourt , Ludgate-hilL—Mr . llearne , bookseller , Stationers ' -court , stated that curly on Wednesday week , witness , deceased , and four others rowed from St . Paul ' s Wharf to the Eritish Flag , Batterseai where they bathed . Witness hearing deceased scream -violently looked towards where he was , and saw him struggling with Mr . Cogger . Witness swam towards them at the moment that Mr . Cogger released himself from deceased ' s grasp , when deceased sank , and witness diving after him ,

    brought him to the surface . Deceased grasped witness and both sank to the bottom . Witness , however , released himself from deceased , but he was so exhausted that he reached the shore with difficulty . —Mr . Cogger gave similar testimony . —A juror censured tluv police for allowing parties to bathe in the river , which he said was amost disgraceful practice . —He superintendent of the Thames police replied , that they had no power to prevent the practice . — Terdict , " Accidental Death . " Deathof the Bishop of Exeter ' s Bnoiinai . — On Saturday ni g ht , at ei ght o ' clock , a jury were empanelled , before Mir . Hedford , the coroner , in the board-room of St . James ' s Workhouse , Polandstreet , Westminster , to inquire into the

    circumstances attending the death of J . Phiilpotts , Esq ., the late member for Gloucester , and brother to the Bishop" of Exeter , who died very suddenly in an omnibus .- —Mr . Alexander TJre , of Xo . 24 , Bloomsbury-square , surgeon , deposed that the deceased gentleman was seventy-four years of age , and resided at ISo . 14 , Pall-maU . lie was a bavrister-atlaw , and was member for Gloucester for upwards of seventeen years . Witness never attended him professionall y , bat always considered him to be a very healthy man . The Bishop of Exeter and deceased ' s son had been written to and informed of the death , but they were not able to arrive in town to give evidence . —The coroner observed that it was unnecessary , as Mr . Ure had identified the body . —James

    Hoterts , of Xo . 26 , Park-street , Camden-town , said , fee was conductor to oneof the Waterloo omnibuses . On Friday night , about a quarter past ten o ' clock , the deceased hailed him at the corner of Devonshire-Street , in Portland-place . The omnibus was stopped , and he got in without assistance , and appeared perfectl y well . On reaching the Regent-circus , Qxfovdstreet , the omnibus stopped , it being usual to wait several minutes to take up passengers at that point . Two minutes had not elapsed when witness looked in to see how many passengers there were . Tho deceased was sitting near the door , and there were two ladies and a gentleman in the omnibus . Witness had only just looked in when the deceased suddenly fell oh one side , and laid along the scat .

    "Witness immediately opened the door and assisted la lifting him tip . lie appeared quite helpless , aud in a state of insensibility . Witness , with the assistance of several persons * , carried him to the shop of Mi * . Budge ; a chemist , in Begent-circus , and a surgeon was instantly sent forj who , upon his arrival , pronounced the deceased to be quite dead . Be never spoke after he fell . The omnibus was stationary when he fell . —Mr . J . G . French said he made a postmortem examination of the deceased , in the presence of Mr . TJre . There were no external marks of violence . The heart was considerably enlarged , and-doublc fhe usual size . The valve of the left ventricle ' -was ossified . The rest of the organs -were quite healthy . "Witness opened the head , and

    found an effusion in the ventricles of the brain . Witness -was of opinion the deceased bad died of a diseased heart , which was quite sufficient to account for the suddenness of the death . There was no appearance ofany deleterious matter iu the stomach . Death mnsfchave been instantaneous . —The coroner said , after hearing such , evidence there was no occasion to proceed further in the inquiry . The death was most awfully sudden , and a most melancholy one . — -The jury immediately returned a verdict of " 2 fatnral death from a diseased heart . " A MAX Mbkdeked by-bis "Wife . —On Monday , Mr . 3 L M . "Wakley ,-deputy coroner , received information of the-death of Peter White , a shoemaker , lately residing at Beherford-street , Fitzroy-mai-ket

    It appeared that the deceased and his wife had for some time past lived very uncomfortable together , in consequence of the latter giving way to intemperate habits . -Off theSth of last month they had both been out to a-party , and they returned home between eightandruhe o clock . The deceased then went to bed ,-when his wife came up io him soon afterwards , andpretended that she wanted to kiss Mm . She then drew a / tnifty- which her husband used in his "business , across his throat , inflicting a dreadful woumt from which blood flowed in streams . The cries of the jnan brought ^ assistance , and he was conveyed to . University College Hospital the

    same night at-lialf-past nine o ' clock . The wound in the threat-was aressedj-and- . everythin ^ was douc forhh ; : i ' .-5-i rheiiaiuro of the c . ise would permit of , out th « devej & yl died on Sunday last . The woman £ a 5 beeu taken-into custody . —On Tuesday an inquestwas ke * d . at the University College Hospital , before Mr . - II . M . Wakley , on the bodv of tbc said Peter WMte .- ^ Mr . OL S : Gaye and Mr ^ W . Filutcr , house 5 argfl 3 as ofthc hospital , gave evidence to the effect thai the deceased died of low or gangrenous 3 afiamiaation dftha lungs ; brought on by the wound in the throat;—The jury ^ returned a " Terdict of ° Manslaughter " against Mary White .

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    Tnr . Poisox o ? i CironcntAnn Tree . —An inquest was held at Chichester on Saturday last , on the bodies "of Ann Walker , aged three years , and . tames Walker , a ^ edsixyears . —L . Imckoll deposed , I am a surgeon and reside at Chichester , and attended the two deceased children . I was first called to see them on Wednesday between the hours of two and three in the afternoon . I found them both in tiie same condition . They -were very ill and the svuiptoms were the same . The bowels were much inflamed , and the elder , tho boy , was gradually sinking I observed nothing particular to cause death . " -Thev had been ill , as I was informed , seven or eight days before I saw them . Last evening I made a /) oj £ mortem examination of the bodies . I the

    opened the body and chest , and found mucous membrane highly inflamed , and the inflammation extending throug h , the whole canal , each , containing vegetable matter more or less digested . The alimentary canal contained six or eight large worms . The vegetable matter could not cause the worms . I should sav , from the smell of the vegetable matter , it was a species of savin or cypress tree . Tho smell was exactly the same as the sprig which I now produce . I found in the stomach of the elder three or four table-spoonfuls of this vegetable matter , and in the vounger about a spoonful . and a half .. ^ All food had been ejected from them either by vomiting or otherwise . I now produce a portion of a shrub , which I believe to be savin , although lam informed it is a species of the male cypress . I think a quantity

    of this plant taken into the stomach would destroy life . I got this sprig from a tree in St . Paul s Churchyard , near the residence of the deceased children , and it is the only tree in the yard of that nature . The contents of the stomachs contained a similar portion of the shrub now produced , which I have no doubt was the cause of death . I do not believe that the children could be forced to eat it unless it was given them in the way of a salad . My impression is that the children had voluntarily eaten the sprigs when they were iu the churchyard plavingtogether . —Sarah Morris sworn : I reside at Sorth-gate , and am grandmother to the deceased children . The mother and the children came to oar house from Lnggershall on a visit last

    Monday week , and they appeared in very good health when they came . I first observed then- illness on the following Thursday ; the little girl was taken ill first They appeared very well on Wednesday mornins , for they were out and up in St . Paul ' s Churchyard along with me . On Thursday the little girl complained that she was very sick , and frequently vomited something green . I heard no complaint until after they had their breakfast on that day . The children received some medicine from Mr . Woods , the chemist in North-street ; but it did them no good . —Verdict , " That the children were under the ago of discretion , and that they had incautiously taken and eaten a certain portion of a savin or Cyprus tree , which was the cause of death . ' - * Embezzlement from the Lancashire and

    Yorkshire Railway Compaxt . — . On Monday , at the Manchester Borough Court , before Mr . Maude ,. a well-dressed man , named George Jackson , who had been employed as a collector on the above line , was eliarged with embezzling different sums of money , amounting in the aggregate to upwards of £ 80 from his employers . The prosecution rested on two sums for which he had not accounted , one of five pounds and the other of twenty-three pounds ; the receipts for these items being produced by the parties who had paid the money to the prisoner . The other defalcations were also proved by a clerk in the employ of the company , who was sent round , after suspicion had attached itself to Jackson , to the various parties whose accounts appeared from the books to bo still o wing . The prisoner ' s salary was £ 100 per annum . He admitted the fraud , and said that he had spent the money in betting at the Manchester Steeple Chase . He was committed for trial .

    Singular Deaths . —Chatham , Friday , June 29 . — A somewhat singular circumstance has occurred here within the past week . A man named Marriner , belonging to the dockyard , while employed in repairing a leather strap , pricked the forefinger of his left hand with an awl , which in three or four days caused mortification of the arm , and killed the man . Two or three days previous to Marriner pricking his finger , his daughter pricked her finger with a needle , and while in attendance on her father the ringer caught the infection from him , which also turned to mortification , and she died the very day her father was interred .

    Poisonings at Westbury , Wiltshire . —An inquest was held here , before Mr . G . Sylvester , one of the county coroners , and a respectable jury , on Thursday , the 28 th ult ., which has been tho means of disclosing a revolting , if not a series of eleven revolting , murders , by the administration of arsenic by an unnatural parent , to her child , if not children . Considerable excitement , as may be naturally supposed , has prevailed in this quiet little town during the week , in consequence of the exhumation of the body of a child who had died under very suspicious circumstances , and whose death it was alleged had been caused by arsenic , administered by ltebeeca Smith , its mother , who it appears is the wife of a labourer , named Philip Smith , and who has been married about eighteen years , during which

    period she has given birth to eleven children , most of whom , with the exception of the eldest , died in infancy , viz . —Philip , bom October 10 , 1837 , died October 13 , 1337 , aged three days ; Philip , bom October 13 , 1838 , died October 21 , 1838 , aged eight days ; Susan , born March 18 , 1840 , died April 1 , 1840 , aged fourteen davs ; Sarah , horn July 18 , 1842 , died Aug . 7 , 1842 , agcdtwcnty-onedaya ; Edward , born Jan . 14 , ISii , died within a month ; Edward , born in 1840 , died in three days ; and Richard , the subject of this inquiry , born May 16 , 1849 , died June 12 , 1310 , aged twenty-seven days . Under these circumstances suspicions naturally arose , and it was determined to exhume the body , which was done , when a 2 > ost mortem examination was made by Mr . G . Shorland , of Westburv , and Mr . Gibbs . These

    gentlemen feeling convinced by the examination of the presence of arsenic in the child ' s stomach , the whole of the viscera , together with the stomach and'intestines and their contents , were carefully removed from the body , and ( having been sealed up in a proper vessel ) were transmitted to Mr . Berapath , the celebrated analytical chemist , of Bristol , for examination , and Rebecca Smith was g iven into custody . She is a forbidding , ill-favoured woman , of about forty-five years of age , and has manifested the most stolid indifference since her apprehension ; It having been proved by the evidence that the prisonerhad purchased arsenic a few days before the death of the child , from the shop of Mi-. Taylor , druggist , of AVestbury , and Mr . Herapath having given his opinion that the deceased died from the

    effects of arsenic , the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder" against Rebecca Smith , who was thereupon committed to take her trial at the ensuing Wilts Assizes . —Philip Smith , father of the deceased child , said the child was perfectly healthy when born , and that from its death he had derived no peeuniai-y benefit . Fixoi . vg a £ 100 JfoxE . —As a gentleman was getting inio one of tiie first-class carriages at Rugbystation last week , his attention was attracted to a piece of paper suspended between the cushion and the seat . Upon examining it , the gentleman found , to his astonishment , that it was a £ 100 note . Be immediately got out of the carriage and handed the note to the station-master . The carriage in question had been turned off from a train that had previously come in , and it is supposed that the occup ant , in getting out for tne purpose of renewing his journey , left the note behind . Emigration from Liverpool . —Contrary to the

    expectation expressed hi our last notice of this subject , that the tide of emigration from this port would fall off in the next few weeks , owing to the approach of harvest , we have a further increase to report during the past month . The numbers now stand as follows : —First six months of 1848 , G 2 . 6 S 0 ; first six months of 1849 , 87 , 4-13 . The increase on the last month , is ,, in . round numbers , 5 , 000 persons . The same improvement continues to be noticed in the class of emigrants goingj many of whom appear to be of moderate substance . This , too , is the case in the emigration from other ports , as is shown in the case ofthc loss of the unfortunate vessel Charles Bartlett , from London to New York . Of the parties saved we find some stated to have lost , besides baggage , tools , Ac , cash varying from £ 5 , which is about the lowest , to one case in which the loss is £ 800 . On the average , they appear to have possessed from £ 20 to £ 40 each , and to have been parties likely to get on in their new country . — Liverpool Standard .

    Distress is Hull . —A public meeting , convened by the Mayor on receipt of a requisition from the principal inhabitants , was held in the Town-hall at Bull on Monday , for the purpose of adopting some means of alleviating the large and increasing amount of distress existing in that town in consequence of the Danish blockade . Mr , J . Lee Smith , the Mayor of the borough was called to tho chair , and stated that he held in his hand an authenticated document , from which it appeared that , in one part of the town only , 2 , 195 workmen were out of employment , and that upon these were dependent 8 , 780 wives and children , making a total of 10 , 975 . Mr . G , S . Thompson ( chairman of the working men ' s committee ) presented a number of harrowing details of the suffering and distress prevalent in Hull Hundreds of men , with large families , had for months past scarcely earned suiheient to gain a subsistence for one dav ™> r week . Ho honored

    taut there were as many as 0 , 000 men in the town not having permanent employment ^ Mr . Alderman Gresham stated that the receipts of the butchers , bakers , and numerous other classes of tradesmen had . fallen off one-half . Mr . Alderman Jones said , that during the last forty years that he had been in the retail tradc . it had never been sodull as at present , " except during three weeks when the cholera raged a number , of yeass ago . Resolutions were agreed to for the formation ol a relief committee and the raising of subscriptions , which the Mavor headed with £ -50 .

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    SATURDAY , Joxe 30 . " HOUSE OF COMMON S . —This- House sat at twelve o clock . , ' The Choleraic London . —Mr . Iuiewex asked whether the government had taken any precau tions to secure the health of tlie metrowiis , in consequence of the , re-anpeatance of the cholera and whether any steps ha < l bet-n taken to prevent burials in St . Margaret ' s churchyard , in the immediate vicinity of the Housj . - ^ Sir Geokge Grey replied that the Board of Health would take every precaution . which . the law enabled them to do as regarded the cholera , but they did not possess the power ot preventing interments in the churchyard referred to .

    Iwsh Pobn Law . — The House then , in pursuance of the notice for whicait was specially summoned to sit , resolved itselt again into comm t'ee on the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , commencing with clause 12 , enacting " Civil bid decree- tor poor rates may be tiled as judgment ot superior court , and have force as such . " This clause , which , it was urged , raised the question of the 454 ' ratinsc , originated a discussion m reference to evictions , and the payment of rates by landlords for defaulting tenants , the clause beinu eventually agreed to on the understanding that Lord John Russell would consider thv subject with a vi ew- of doing justice between the two

    parties whose interests were . involved by limiting the time within which possession might be regained . On clause 13 being put "judgments for poor rates to have priority except in certain cases , " Lord Naas moved to limit the operation of the clause to ?• electoral divisions" instead of " unions , " which proposition ' , on a division , was negatived by a majority of 32 , thenumbew dO to 72 . This bein-r . the last debateable f-atnre on the bill , various hon . members pro posed clauses and provisos , _ some of which were adopted , others .-ummavily rejected , and some postponed , after which it was agreed to gp on with the debafeahle matter on Tuesday , at twelve o ' clock , And the House adjourned shortly after six o ' clock

    MONDAY , July 2 . HOUSE OF LORDS .-AusraiAN Affa _ 'k 8 i - The Marquis of LAKSDOffNE laid on the table communications made by the Austrian government , relative to the advance ; of the Austrian troops into Tuscany and the Legations , and , in reply to Lord Brougham , stated that Kossuth ' s authority , in Hungary had not been recognised , nor could it be under existing circumstances . Entailed Estates . —The Duke of Richmond broughv up the report of tlie select committee on

    entailed estates , and presented a bill embodyuu the views of * he committee , its object being to enable landholders to borrow money for the purpose ot drainage : the noble duke replying , in answer to questions as to extending it to Ireland , that he should not object to that proposition , but , as he wished the bill to pass as quickly as possible , he had not included Ireland , well knowing tlv-t any bill applying to that country was not very likely to go rapirfiy through its stages elsewhere . _ ( Laughter . ) After a few word * from the Marquis of

    Londonderry , The Earl of Carlisle intimated his approval of the measure , and should be happy to give any assistance in his power in forwarding it through its remaining stages . - Lord Beaumont supported the bill , which was read a first time . AUSTRALIAK COLONIES . —Lord MoXTEAGLE . presenting a petition from Sydney , New South Wales , on the subject of the proposed alteration of the constitution of the Australian Colonies , and complaining of the inefficient state of the franchise , asked whether it was the intention of the govenment to procsed with the bill in the present session . The noble lord then proceeded to propound his views on the subject of legislation for colonial rerresentation , and concluded by stating , that as Earl Grey had been returned as the sole representative for Melbourne , in Port Philip , he wished ti > know what his views were on the subject .

    Earl GuEr would not enter into the merits of a bill not before their lordships , but proceeded to answer the observations of the noble lord , as to the course taken previously to submitting bills of this description by the government ; referred to the present state of representation in Australia , and stated from personal communicationshe had had that day with some gentlemen connoted with these colonies , that he felt himself jus'ified in assuring their lordships the passing of the bill was anxiously desired by them After speeches from Lord Lvtileton and L *> rd Stanlbt urging the withdrawal of the

    measure , Earl Guet expressed his desire to avail himself of suggestions offered by the latter noble lord , but it would be matter of deep regret to himself if the bill did not pass in the present session . Railway Accounts . —Lord Moktvaglts moved the second reading of the Audit of Railway Accounts Bill , proposing to take the debate on going into committee . The Earls of Lonsdale and Yarboeough warmly opposed the bill , the first-named noble lord moving that it be read a second time that day three months . ' ' " After a reply from Lord Monteagle the House divided , when the original motion was carried by a majority of 5 , the numbers 10 to 5 , when the bill was read a second time , and their lordships adiourned .

    HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Rupture with China . —Lord Palmerston , in reply to a question put bv Mr . Baillie , stated , with reference to the non-fulfilment by the Government of China of the stipulation to admit British subjects into the city of Canton , that , under the circumstances alleged by the Chinese authorities , it was not the intention of her Majesty ' s government to enforce the right by arras ; but , retaining the right ( which was not disputed ) , they consentel to a temporary suspension of it ; and he further stated , that it was intended to exuet from the Chinesegovernment the execution of that article of the treaty of Nankin which stipulated that British subjects should be at liberty , to carry on their commercial transactions in China without the

    intervention of the Co-Hong . Evictions in Ireland . —Lord J . Russell replied to Mr . S . Cbawfokd that the government had ret-eived and read with regret Captain Kennedy ' s reports as to evictions at Kibush , and while he was not aware that the law on this subject could be made movestviuccnt , yet what could be done would be done to prevent evasions of the . act of last session . The nublc lord then proceeded at some length to detail the course he intended to pursue with respect to public business for the remainder of the session . The measures to be postponed until next year heing the Ecclesiastical Commission Bill , the Charitable Trusts Bill , and perhaps others of inferior consequence .

    A desultory debate ensued on various points connected with the conduct of public , business , at the termination of which several bills were read a third time , and the stages of others postponed in order to make way for the debate of the evening . State of the Nation . —Air . Disraeli rose to move that the House would resolve itself into a committee to consider the state <> f the nation . He began by observing that the distress of this country had been progressive since the formatim of the present government , notwithstanding the favourable circumstanc- 's they enjoyed in the absence of an organised opposition , and in their being uncontrolled and uncriticised . He contrasted the condition of this country whsn the present governim nt assumed the reins of

    power , in 1816 , with relation to Europe , to our colonies , to livland , and to our finances , with its present state , when European tranquillity and English influence bad disappeared together—when many of our colonies were ruined , others were discontented , and some had been in insurrection—when our exports had declined £ 7 , 000 , 000—when our once prosperous agriculture was pros'rate—when Ireland was in a state -of social decomposition—and when , insteal of a surplus revenue of £ 3 , 000 , 000 , there had been a deficiency to that amount , terminated not by an act of the Cabinet , but by the interference of that House . Mr . Disraeli then read official details which showed the depression of wages and increase of pauperism among the labouring classes , whose condition he

    observed , was a test of the real state of the country ; ami he insisted that it was the paramount duty of the House not to separate without , inquiring into this unprecedented and progressive decay of the country . Ue appealed to the statement not only as a justification , hut as an urgent cause of his motion , and he proceeded to examine the reasons to which he referred the deterioration of the population and the general decay of the country . A principal reason was the decline in the value of our foreign commerce ; and he showed that , notwithstanding continental convulsions the quantity of goods exported from the United Kingdom ( denoted by official value ) was equal to that ot the great ycar ' j J 845 and 18 i 0 ; but tlie de « clared value of exports iu these two years averaged £ 59 , 500 , 000 , but in 1848 it was only £ 53 , 00 l ) , 000 ; « o that our working el ^ ssss , for the same quantity of goods , had received £ 6 , 500 , 000 less in 1818 than in 1845 and 1846 . From this and other facts , Mr .

    Disraeli argued that the principles of profitable interchange with foreign nations adopted in our new commercial' theory were erroneous , rendering British labour of less exchangeable value . . " . Other reasons were found iu the state of the home market and the fall oi prices , which diminished thv : means cf employ men ' . ; ami in the increase of immigration ' fromlreiand , the result not of the famine , but of the ' policy of the governmant . In the midst of these evils , what had been . the financial proceedings of the present Minister ? Increased expenditure and increased taxation . Mr . Disbaeli then reviewed their eolonial administration—the darkest page in their history—and' passed thence to their foreign policy , which , he maintained , whilst it had diminished the influence of this' country , had been one of the principal caus . es of the continental convulsions ; and he adduced the Case of Italy as an esample of the principles and the effects of their policy . One predomi-

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    nant cause , however , of our calamities was the legislation which had changed the principles of out-society substituting others which as economical principles were fallacious , whilst they 'destroyed that noble spirit of ambition which was the source of a nation ' s greatness , prosperity , and power . Mr . Hume not vising to propose the amendment of whiuh he had given notice ,, The ChanckllouoF the Exchequer rose , in the hope -that ' Mr . Hume had abandoned that amendment , to oppose the motion , which held out no spe cific remedy lor the distress so eloquently described by- ' . Vl " r . Disraeli . That remedy was suggested in a resolution of a recent meeting—namely , the restoration' of protec'ion- He first vindicated the colonial

    policy of the present government , showing from official returns the progressive increase of exports from the West India colonies since the adoption of free trade principles , even in British Guiana ; and then proceeded to the main topic—the internal state of the country . He complained of Mr . Disraeli ' s assuming its state in March , 1848 , as a test of its condition now—that period being remarkable for the high price of corn ; and he gave statistical results of the inquiries he had iuade in all parts of the country , whence it appeared that employment of labour was increasing , and the number of ablebodied paupers diminishing . In the manufacturing districts , the circumstances of the artisans now in full employment , had not been SO favourable in respect to wages

    and comforts for many years as at present , and their improved condition was apparent in the gveat diminution of crime . This impulse domestic industry had received from the encouragement given by a reduction of duty upon raw foreign- , commodities , and Sir Charles Wood pointed out the fallacy of the inference drawn by Mr . Disraeli from the comparative cheapness of our exports , the quantity of which , he had admitted , had increased , and they were still increasing in quantity and value in an extraordinary degree . After extracting additional evidence of the improved condition of the labouring classes from the vast increase in tho consumption of the chief articles of domestic use , and showing by a variety of returns the success which the principles of ' commeroial legislation

    lately adopted had realised , including our shippingwhich , he contended , directly negatived the allega tions of the member for Bucks—ho turned to that part of the subject respecting which , be confessed , he could not give equally satisfactory statementsnamely , the state of the agricultural districts . He admitted that considerable complaint and alarm existed amongst farmers ; but , although the average price of wheat for the five months ending May was-only 45 s . 3 d ., during the last three years it had been 5-: 5 . 3 R , and what must he the state of tho agricultural interest , if , with prices like these , farmers were , as Mr . Disraeli asserted , ruined ? Sir Charles Wood discussed at much length the action of recent legislation , the repeal of tho e- ' m laws and the

    modification of the tarift , upon our agriculture , pointing out the failure of thepredictions which ln . d threatened a superflux of foreign corn , and then applied himself to what he said was the pith of the question—namely , the condition of the agricultural labourers . He believed that in the south-west of England wages " were educed , and that there was a want of employment ; but this , he showed , was not the case in other parts , where labourers in husbandry were able to purchase with the same wages a greater amount of necessaries . He urged the farmers to follow the example of the manufacturers , and by an improved system of

    agriculture give increased employment , whilst it ' would diminish the cost of production and price , thereby doubly bettering the labourer ' s condition . He argued this question as a country gentleman—one of a class which could hot fulfil the public duties attaching to their station unless they possessed the confidence of the great body of tho people , which would be withheld if the people believed they were intent upon their own interests ; and if this motion was an attempt to reverse past legislation , he trusted the House would resist it , as fatal to the best interests of the country and to the stability of its institutions .

    Mr . Baillie suppotted the motion , believing that there never was a period when the state of the country more imperatively required the anxious consideration of the legislature . He had been disappointed in the effects of our free trade mea ures , which , owing to the manner in which a sound principle was carried out by the government , had been one of the chief causes of the existing distress , and had ruined the colonies . 'Mr . Roehuck observed , that if Mr . Disraeli did not mean by his motion that he was ready to take the government into his own hands , he meant nothing . He had come forward as the head of a great party with some proposals , but what they were he was not able or not willing to tell ; the whole force of his speech had been confined to criticism . Passing an animated panegyric upon the public conduct of Sir Robert Peel for the repeal of the com laws ,

    and adverting'to the circumstances of his ejectment irom office , when the star of Mr . Disraeli rose—he asked why the House should depart on this occasion from the ordinary principles of the constitution , and interrupt the business . of the session to consider the state of the nation . That state was one of great hope and confidence . The deficiency of the revenue could be accounted for without accusing the principles of free trade . He could assert authoritatively that the mercantile community was improving , and that if any part of the agricultural community ws suffering , i t was the landlords alone . Mr . Roebuck defended the foreign policy of the government , which , aided by the prudential legislation of Sir It . Peel , w h ¦¦ had made a timely concession to the intelligent wishes of the people , had preserved England in the most critical period which the world had ever known .

    Air . Plumpthe , in supporting tlie motion , controverted some of the statements of Sir 0 . Wood and Mr . Roebuck respecting pauperism amongst the ablebodied in rural districts , which was increasing in Kent , through want of employment and the distress of the farmer , owing to theadoption of free trade principles . On the motion ' of Mr . Slax & y , the debate was adjourned until Tuesday . Several bills were advanced a stage , aud the other orders having been disposed of , the House adjourned at a quarter to one o ' clock ! TUESDAY , Jult 5 . HOUSE OP LORDS .-PLu . \ 'DEn ix Isma . —The Earl of ELLENBOKouon brought forward the claims of the army of the Pnniaub in respect to the property of the late Maharajah of Lahore . - After some discussion , in which the right of tho army of the Pimj .-iub to some share of tho booty secured to the East India Company by its exertion was universally admitted , the matter dropped .

    The bill for the Aunii or Railway Accounts passed through committee , and was reported . Their lordships then adjourned . HOUSE OF COMMON ' S .-lawn PtohLmt . —Tho House met at twelve o ' clock , and in committee resumed the consideration ofthc clauses proposed by way of amendment to the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , the discussion of which continued until three o ' clock , when it was further adjourned to twelve o ' clock on Thursday . The House then suspended its sitting until five o ' clock .

    MEinoroLHAN Police . —Lord Dudley Stuart , in a speech explanatory of the objects involved in his motion , moved "For a select committee to inquire into tho manner of making the assessment in the several counties for tho maintenance ofthc Metropolitan police , and into the expenditure thereof ; as well as . into the general administration of the force , and especially into the recent annual increased charge of upwards of £ 85 , 000 on the county of Middlesex , " The noble lord denounced the police as so many petty tyrants , and affirmed that the Metropolis could bo more effectually guarded by infinitely fewer men and at a far less cost .

    Sir C Gnus thought it unnecessary to defend the police from the charge of being so many petty ty ^ rants , and with regard to the proposed inquiry , a similar one had already been made . Doubtless there wore inequalities in tho Metropolitan rating , but these , he believed , would-be shortly remedied . Mr . BnoTUERTON considered the whole system of police-ratinj ! unjust , and referred to Manchester as an instance , which contributed largely to the support of the Metropolitan police . Mr . OsnoRXE thought the complaint was not against the police , but against tho inequality of the assessment by which they were paid . . It was a most efficient , and , in the metropolis , well managed force . ' Sir W . Joliffe suggested alterations in the constitution and disposition of the force .

    Mr . Hume thought the manner of paying the force ought to be enquired into , but was of opinion the noble lord ought to satisfy himself with moving for returns , with the intention of renewing the present motion in the next session , when he hoped the government would agree to it . Sir De Lact Evans said that the present system of assessing for the _ police rates was very unfair ; for even if 2 d . or 3 d ^ in the pound would suffice the act required Gd . to be collected . An inquiry was

    absolutely requisite , and he should certamly support any proposal to that effect . At the same time he hoped the noble lord , seeing what the feeling- of the Housb ' on the subject was , would withdraw ids motion and renew it next session . Sir G . Gret denied the necessity for so doing . Sir J . W . Hooo accused Sir G . Grey of a breach of faith in withdrawing " tha'bill for reducing the rate from - . " fed . ' . . to 5 d . ; and ' reminded -Mr . Brotherton that the police of . the-. Metropolis ' ,, were detached from thence to any ' part of England oh any'

    emergency arising , . . .. -.. ' , Sir George Grey replied that when such was the case their expenses were paid by . the places to which they were sent . . Measures had been taken . lately to equalise the rate over the various parishes in the Mctropolia , .. . - " Tho house then divided— ;'" . ' ' " ' -. ;¦"• For tho ' motioa ... ... , „ ., 28 ' Against it ... ... ... -t 137 'Mirjority _ 10

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    mm rjiiuriiJers tiriAETint . Petitions in favour of the Charter were presented by Mr . J . Er . Lis , from Leicester j ' . Mr . W . Patikn , several from Preston ; Mv . . Villiers , from Wolverhampton ; Mr . ConoEX , from places in . Yorkshire j Capt . Pechell , from Brighton ; Lord SiSLham , from Durham ; Sir J . -IValmsIiEY , from ¦ Bolton ; Lord D , SruAUT , from St . Pancras and . Souiors Town ; Mr . G . '' Thompson , from tho Tower Hamlets ; and by Mr . 'RicABDo , Mr . Muxtz , Mr . Heald , and Mr . W . J . Fox , After presenting several petitions

    Mr . O' C oiwoit said , that lie was aware of the groat disadvantages which- he had to contend against , as an independent member , in submitting SO largo a proposition to the British parliament . Many appeals had been made to him to withdraw his proposition , in order that the debate-upon that of the hon . member for Buckinghamshire mi ght be resumed . But if one reason stronger than another could be urged in favour of his proposition , it was the assertion of the lion , member for Buckingham , shire , in -which he stated that the main object

    of his proposition was to secure such a system of legislation as would do justice to all classes . ( Heai * , hoar . ) And as he ( Mtv O'Connor ) saw no other possible means of accomplishing this object except hy the enfranchisement of all classes , he felt himself not only justified , hut called upon to persevere . ( Hear , hear . ) Another argument that mig ht he urged , and probably would be urged , against his proposition , was the recent debate upon tlie motion of the lion , member for Montrose ; but lie must remind the House that the motion of that lion .

    member was but the reflex of the mind oi a class , ! while his motion . represented the-views and princip les of a majority of the nation ; but he had a stronger inducement and a greater justification , if any was needed , for submitting his proposition . It was that , in his opinion , every question discussed out of doors should be sessional ! discussed within those walls . ( Hear , hear . ) And for the simple reason , that if those principles were untenable and could not be sustained by argument ; if they were but the mere Utopias of wild theorists , it was the duty of that House to meet thorn , by argument , to dissolve the delusion and develope tlie truth ; while , upon the other hand , the resort to brute

    force for the suppression ofany opinion , '• however visionary , but tended to rivet those principle ' s and opinions more deeply in the minds of the people . ( Hear , hear . ) The people of this country have witnessed three great changes within the last twenty years— -Emancipation , Reform , and Free Trade , and from each of which they were promised great social advantages , out from none of which had they derived a particle of social benefit . Emancipation promised the Catholic reli gious equality , while the church steeple still constitutes the conqueror ' s trophy and the Catholic ' s badge of slavery , who still has to pay tribute to the conquering church . Reform promised such national benefits that the nation was roused to

    madness lor its acmevment , while all have been disappointed in its result ; and as to Free Trade , ho should abstain from commenting upon that measure , lest a word of excitement falling from him might justify the opposition of those who professed to be the friends of the working classes . ( Hear , hear , ) He had no doubt that many hon . members would be much disappointedbythespeech , as they anticipated a violent tirade-discursive , not consecutive oi-susceptible of analysis—but it was hia determination that no exciting feelings of his should damage the cause of his clients . ( Hear , hear . )

    From those three changes , then , the people had derived not a particle of benefit , and they wore now resolved upon contending only for those political advantages which would lead to the anticipated social end . ( Hear , hear . ) If a modicum of justice had been done to the people . —if timely and prudent concessions had been made to Catholics and Reformers , Emancipation and Reform might have been deferred . If Gratton and Old Sarum had been disfranchised , and Manchester , Birmingham , and other large towns enfranchised , that fury and excitement wliich made a large demand ,

    and led to more extensive concessions , might have been delayed , and this is the inevitable consequence of withholding from justice until you are at length compelled to surrender to tear . ( Hear , hear . ) The people of this country are gaining wisdom by the hour . There is knowledge upon every passing breeze , and they have discovered that admirals and captains , in the navy ; generals , colonels , majors , captains , and lieutenants , in the army ; merchants , bankers , traders , manufacturers , laudlords , shopkeepers , and last , not least , lawyers , though antagonist to one another , are arrayed in deadly hostility against those upon whose industry all live and thrive , and grow

    rich ; while , as labour is not only tho real source , but tho only source , of wealth , if labourers or their representatives -were admitted into that House , it would , ha impossible for them justly to represent themselves without justly representing all other classes , and thus making the rich richer , and the poor rich . ( Hoar , hoar . ) And here he must beg to dissent from a proposition of tho hon . member for Buckinghamshire , That hon , gentleman in developing , or , rather , shadowing , the labour question ; said that his object was to secure the profits of labour to the employer , while his ( Mr . O'Connor ' s ) object was to secure it to the labourer himself , and make him the first

    partaker of the fruits of Ins own industry . ( Hear , hear . ) [ Here Mr . Bellew and tho Solicitor-General for Scotland were engaged in a buzzing conversation upon the Treasury bench , when Mr . O' Connor observed , that if his arguments wore unpalatable to those gentlemen , they need not listen to them , but he requested that they would not interrupt him . ] The noble lord may urge the absence of a monster petition as an argument against the present motion , . whereas that was no indication of popular apathy , but the strongest sign of disgust for , and no confidence in , that House , He had

    received letters from Birmingham and other large towns , expressing the determination of the people never to petition that House again , His Birmingham correspondent stated that the iron-handed men of Birmingham had determined to watch events and " bide their time ; ,: and the noble lord now would find it difficult to recruit them under the banner of Tom Young , of the Home Office . ( Cheers and laughter . ) He thought that his speech was too drowsy , and had sent the noble lord to sleep , but he was glad to find that the magic name of" Tom Young" hadroused him . But , if he wanted stronger proof of the justification of the people not petitioning that House , he

    could furnish it from the conduct of the noble lord the member for Hertford . Now , what was the only poor privilege allowed to nonelectors ? Was ' it not that of petitioning that House , and making their grievances and their wishes known to" that House , and would not the denial of that privilege be the strongest justification for resorting to other and more desperate remedies ? A petition was sent to the noble lord—he returned it indignantly—stated that he could not acquiesce in Its prayerthereb y convincing the people that every channel of complaint was closed against them . Again , how was their petition treated last year by the noble lord ? Why , in the language of the despot of oldj he

    exclaimed" 111 hear no more . I know ye , well I know ye , ye base suppliants . Fear is the only worship of your souls , and ever v where ye hate Yo yicU . ' obuisaiiee-. " Wretches , shall I go , -noving on the earth , ; . Lest , my ministerial foot should tvead on emmets T Is it for you I must control my . soldier , . Ana coop my eagles from their carrion ? No ! Ave yq not commoners , vile things in nature ? Poor priceless peasants , out of my sight 1 . " j That , sir , was the , way the people ' s petition was treated last year , and that is the cause of the" absence of-petitions this year . ¦ " . ( Hear , hear . ) How differentl y the petitions of the poor are treated . when . " they petition for the poor and when they petition for the rich .

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    When-. they petitioned for emancipation , " reform , ox-free trade , at so much a , sheet , they had able advocates in that House to defend them if their authenticity was arraigned , while the man who presented the petition of the people was a target for all to lire at , and must vouch for tho respectability of every petitioner As the state of France may be urged as an argument against his proposition , and as he wished to antici pate those quibbles , let it be understood that the state of France and the attempted transition from despotic to freo institutions in other countries , was the strongest

    and most powerful argument in favour of timely and prudent concessions being made to the people of this country . In France , there was a censorship upon the press—there was a total suppression of public opinion , and a great change came with a hop , step , and jump upon a people whose minds had not been prepared for it . Not so in England , however , as , deny it who might , the mind of the- English people was in advance of all other nations upon earth , and was better prepared to tUHl any change , however sweeping , to national advantage . Reformation was said to bo the parent of

    revolution while , in reality , the denial of reformation was the inevitable ' cause of revolution . But if the state of Franco should be urged , lct . it be borne in mind ,. that they had had three elections in that country—two for an Assembly , and one for a President ; and notwithstanding the antagonism of opinion , those contests were conducted in perfect tranquillity ; while as he had predicted , it was the deve-Iopcment of the improved mind , manifested in the second Assembly , that roused the fears of the aristocracy , and it was they who created the alarm . ( Hear , hear . ) The Prime Minister of the special-constable President created the

    revolution of 1848 , and violated the constitution in 1819 by the invasion of the Roman Republic . ( Hear , hear . ) The Chancellor of the Exchequer last night exulted in the fraternity which existed between the French and English nations . What an anomaly ; when your Attorney-General is prosecuting political offenders at home , you are fraternising with a rebel—a fugitive—a special-constable President—and now boast that he is your faithful ally ! He would now develope , seriatim , tho several points contained in the People ' s Charter ; and lost it may be supposed that that document was the embodiment of wild and visionary schemes and theories of

    his own , he begged to present to the House the ori ginal document , drawn up by Daniel O'Council , and bearing his signature , as well as that of the hon . member for Ashton-under-Lyne—Charles Hindley , William Sharman Crawford , Thomas Wakley , Peyronet Thompson , and John Arthur Roebuck , accepting the propositions with a slight , variation of opinion as to a preference for triennial to annual parliaments . - For himself , he would prefer annual parliaments to any or all the principles embodied in the People ' s Charter ; and . for this simple reason , that then representatives would be elected whose

    opinions would be framed upon existing circumstances . Important questions would not then be decided by small majorities , in spite of any feeling that existed throughoutthe coun- « try , however universal that feeling might bey which certainl y would not be the case if there were annual parliaments , for then the minds of the constituencies of the kingdom would be developed , and members would have to bow to the wills of those constituencies and the

    electors could compare notes with their representatives for a single session , while they find it difficult to keep a seven years' account . ( Hear , hear . ) The noble lord used the argument against tho proposition for triennial parliaments , that there had , since the passing of the Reform Bill , been elections even mere frequent than every three years . But that was an argument to which he ( Mr . O'Connor ) could not subscribe , because , although there might have been elections every three years they broke down suddenly , the country was appealed to upon some vague proposition ,

    while the laws made during the two years and a half remained upon the statute book . When the dissolution was anticipated , hon . gentlemen catered for popular support by professions of popular principles—they made their hustings ' speech—they qualified past errors by promise of repentance , but with tho renewal of trust they relapsed into former antagonism . Let him instance it by this fact : In 1841—when the dissolution was suddenly proclaimed —the liberation of all political oilenders was submitted to that House , and was only negatived b y the casting vote of the Speaker ;

    whereas the question was extinguished and buried as soon as that trust was renewed . ( Hear , hear . ) But he would base it upon a more extensive argument , It was this : what could be more ridiculous than the presumption , that in this age of progress , the man selected to represent the mind of to-day should be capable of representing the mind of this day seven years ; and was it not an admitted fact , that , in the commercial distress of last year , man y qualified electors became bankrupt , and many whose votes constituted the majority of hon . members having seats in that House , had

    become paupers , and , by the . law , were disqualified ? But , to turn to Ireland , they found that country representing dead men . ( Hoar , hear . ) The object of the House should he critically to understand the opinion of the day , aud to make laws in unison with that opinion , and then you would have legislation one whole piece of political mechanism , harmonising with aud ropresentingthemind of the country , instead of , as now , a kind of patch-work thing , composed of repugnant and irreconcilable fragments . Hero a bit of temporal , legislation—here a hit of spiritual—here a bit of commercial—here a bit of agricultural—and all whimsical ; here a bit to tickle the Protestant—there a bit to tickle the Catholic—here a bit to win

    the Dissenter—and there . a bit to tickle the Jew ; and , speaking of the Jew — as he was for opening the House to all , he rejoiced to learn that Baron Rothschild was again the colleague of the noble lord , and tho representative of the wealthiest city—London . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Some hon . gentlemen repudiated annual parliaments in consequence of the confusion that might result ; the tranquillit y that prevailed in France amongst an excited people was , however , an irrefutable answer to such an argument ; while the fact that no constituency would dismiss a faithful servant , was a still stronger argument , while one who had dishonoured his trust would receive but little

    countenance from hia employers . Could , he instance a stronger argument in favour of annual parliaments , than the fact of both of the members for Sheffield being requested to resign a trust which , in the opinion of those who voted for - them , they had violated ? According to the present system ,, the programme of the session w-as foreshadowed in a kind of playbill—no constituency knows to what their representative should be pledged , because none know what propositions will be submitted to them ; whereas with annual pare liaments , those playhills containing the programme of the session should he distributed a month before tho ' proceedings commenced ,

    thus affording the constituencies an opportunity of testing the several candidates upon the several propositions . For himself , ho would bo sorry to see even a Chartist parliament sitting for seven years , as the temptations are so groat that the acts would lead to public dis-: appointment . " ( Hear , hear . ) Let him instance the question , of free trade ; a majority of that House was returned in 1841 upon the principle of protection ,- and without testing public opinion as to tho change it might have undergone , the right hon . baronet , tho member lor Tamworth , assuming a kind of dictatorship over tho public mind , carried a measure in direct opposition to that public opinion by the

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 7, 1849, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_07071849/page/6/