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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th February 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 5, CELEBRATION OF PAUSE'S BIRTHDAY. ,. On S...

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      National Association Of United T11ades. ...

      relntirely ignorant of or has heen most grossly misirnaformed as to the character of the late prosecutions , if * of those who have been begging of his bounty , or iitioldiug so prominent a position in the government hef the country , he would have had the discretion and cdelicacy not to have permitted his name to be paraded mefore the country as the public apologist and patronr Izer of a set of obscure and liti g ious tinmen . We we not surprised that the manufacturers , Sic ., of Wolverhamp ton , should rally round men who have glbng ht so unscrupulously for their class , and we rely

      thirith some confidence upon the public spirit of the idtrades of England , to evince an equal energy and inspirit for those who Lave resolutely fought their ttibattie against the despotism of Capital . T ! The effect of the Writs of Attachment' is tne inifiidefinite imprisonment of the ' Conspirator , ' terintninable only by the absolute payment of the whole lomiount . "fl We appeal to the justice and patriotism of the actrade to extricate us from this position . William Peel . Q Queen ' s Bench Prison .

      :Ir£Bkttary7, 1852. The Northern Star, —...

      : Ir £ BKTTARY 7 , 1852 . THE NORTHERN STAR , ——«——————————^——»~~ - .. o

      Fj The Amalgamated Society Op Engineers....

      FJ THE AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OP ENGINEERS . THE STRIKE . L » Losdos , —During the last few days a conclave of emo ; ployers has been sitting to consider the time when , and the mconditions under which the shops should be re-opencd . It lis rumoured that tbe Conference was much divided in opiionioD , aod that one of the largest employers in the metrojl polls stated to a member of the Amalgamated Society that , 1 in all probability many of the closed establishments would e he soon re-opened , although some of the larger ones might ui sustain the contest for some time longer . Tbe workmen t : state that they have good grounds for believing that many f of the smaller masters will be ruined should their machie nery remain idle for any considerable length of time , as

      u they have no capital to fall back upon to meet the current li claims of creditors . Tbe position of the workmen remains unchanged ; the ; i evince no symptom of regret for the step they have taken . The number of men out of employ in the metropolis rei mains nearly the same as last week—viz ., about S 00 society i and 170 non-society men . A large number of moulders i discharged from Penu ' s factory at Greenwich , have , how < ever , obtained employment elsewhere ; and the men who : formerly worked for Messrs . Eastonaud Amos , Southwark , i who have been soliciting for the establishment of a shop i for their own employment , have succeeded in obtaining suitable premises in the Mile End-road , and are now actively at work on their own account .

      The London trade societies have generally promised to contribute towards the support of the movement ; and it is expected that a large amount of subscriptions will be this week received . Although a few districts of small importance have sent no returns relative to the £ 10 , 000 grant for Co-operative purposes , the grant is , we understand , considered as afSrmed , and measures are being quietly taken towards carrying out the proposition of the Executive Council of the Amalgamated Society ; aad , iu fact , the undertaking will , in nil probability , be proceeded with even in the event of a speedy settlement of the dispute ; as it is felt tint the existence of extensive Co-operative establishments would , in any event , confer great benefits upon the operatives connected with the Iron Trades .

      Upwards of 1 . S 0 D members of the society are employed at the different railway locomotive works , and as the men did not solicit any alteration in the system of labour , it was thought that they would be retained in their situations as nsual . Such , however , it would seem , is not to be the case . The Eastern Counties is the first railway company to open up a dispute with its engineering workmen , and some 200 men will in the course of a week or so be turned out on this line , that number of members of the Amalgamated Society being employed in the several engineering sheds of the

      company . During the x * st -week some itt-feeling has heen exhibited by the labourers towards the Amalgamated Society , owing to the fact that the former are to receive no further assistance from tbe funds contributed by organised bodies towards the support of the workmen thrown out of employment , but only from the amount contributed from the unorganised trades and the general public . The labourers consequently resolved to act for themselves in collecting subscriptions , and to begin by applying for aid from their late employers . The Employers' Association refused to treat with them as a body , but advised individual appeals

      to the respective employers . The men have done so , but generally with no definite result up to the present moment They have appealed for assistance to the nobility , gentry , and public . Sfc Grissell , City-road , declined to give aid , which would make his men appear like paupers , but has offered to advance 5 s . to each labourer by way of loan , to be repaid shortly after returning to work , or in default to be recovered by legal proceedings . * Messrs . Maudsley and Co ., who employed about 100 labourers , intended to allow them to work by relays of eight men per week , so that the strike must have lasted twelve weeks before the last relay can derive benefit from this determination .

      Messrs . Miller and Ravenhill employ three men by turns out of about forty to watch their lower factory by night , so that each man may hope for about one night ' s pay per fortnight . At their upper factory they give partial employment , that is , three days per week to fifteen labourers out of about forty-five or fifty , so that each man may look for one day ' s work , on an average , in three weeks . At a meeting of the members of the Central Association o ! Employers of Operative Engineers , < Ssc , held on Tuesday at their office in Bucklesbury , it was resolved to open their establishments on Monday next to any or all the operatives required on each signing a copy of the following declaration : —

      " I do hereoy honestly declare that I am neither now , nor will I during the continuance of my engagement with my present employers , become a member of or support any society which , directly or indirectly , by its rules , meetings , or funds , professes to control or interfere with the arrangements or regulations of this or any other establishment , the hours or terms of labour , the agreements of employers or employed , or the qualifications or period of service . I do also further declare that I will not , while in toy present employment , call in question the right of any man to follow any honest calling in which he miy desire to engage , or of any employer to make what arrangements , and engage what workmen he pleases , upon whatever terms they choose aiu > tually to agree . "Dated the day of 1 S 5 " ( Signed ) "Witness . "

      It has been before stated that an intimation had heen conveyed to the engineers employed on the works connected wilh tbe Eastern Counties Railway , that they would be dismissed if they continued to contribute to the support of the men discharged from the various factories ; and that the men replied to this intimation by a formal resolution , passed at a full meeting of workmen , pledging themselves to contribute each a day ' s pay per week , until the end of the strike . This resolution was adopted on Thursday night , sod it was thought by many that the threat of discbarge would be acted upon by Mr . Gooch ; an expectation which wis only realised in tbe case of two men , who , by Mr . Uooch ' s desire , communicated his determination to their fellow workmen . These men received notice of discharge oa Saturday , bu , beyond this , nothing , we understand , has resulted , of a remitting nature , from the expressed cetermination of the workmen to continue their contributions .

      At the works of the South "W estern Railway , at Xine Din )? , it is stated that police constables keep w .-iteh ia plain clothes , to prevent tbe attendance at the gates of agents of the Amalgamated Society , for the purpose of receiving subscriptions .

      MEETING OF WORKMEN . On Sunday night a numerously-attended meeting of engineering workmen , took place at Ihe Central Club-house , Stepney , to consider their position , in consequence of tho resolutions passed by the Employers' Association , and which were recently published in the daily papers . Mr . Egii . v , on taking tbe chair , said that the resolutions referred to , and which had been made public contrary to tlie intentions of their authors , who marked them " private aud confidential , " showed the treachery and viiiany of the employers , aud had the effcet of giving fresh energy and determination to the men , who were frightened , as the employers would probably expect they would be . ( Dear , hear . ) Mr . Matthias felt proud of the noble answer to the employers' resolutions which had been issued by the Executive Council of the Amalgamated Society . The masters

      might strive as tier please , but the Amalgamated Society vras too noble an institution to be overthrown at the dictum of a few employers . With respect to the social position of the men , as effected by tne strike , the deplorable picture presented by the pages of " Punch "—( laughter)—had not yet been realised . The men , as he saw , did not yet come to Sunday meetings in their working clothes , but looking as respectable as ever , and apparently with as much » Mey still iu their pocket * . The labourers of Brighton had advised tbe labourers of London to go into the shops , and dothewortt of the society men . ( Laughter . ) Yes , they might welllaugh at suchnonsenie . Asfor himself , sooner than betake himse lf , at whatever sacrifice to his family , to the fcsr west , or Australia , ay , or even starve , and he thought that feeling was entertained generally by his fellow workmen . ( Cheers . )

      Mr . Chomack , of Greenwich , said that the proceedings of the masters during the past week had been of such a damaging nature to themselves aud their object , ' * was the destruction of the Amalgamated Society , that those who had formerly been the enemies of the workmen were just bscommff their friends . ( Hear , hear . ) Even the " Dispatch , " in which tbey bad been so fiercely denounced , admitted the resolutions of the employers were tyrannical aud arbitrary in thc extreme . ( Hear . * ) As far as his experience Ui that direction went , he knew that those resolutions had made the men more firm in their position than they were at the commencement . ( Dear . ) Rather than sign it himself he would go to other countries to seek for a niore favourable reception than was accorded him by those w ho would , in that cise , he the means of batisbing him from his own . ( Cheers . )

      Mr . Xewios , amid loud cheers , on rising to address the m « eting , said that on last Sunday nig ht he had propbecied that contributions would flow in " for the support of those

      Fj The Amalgamated Society Op Engineers....

      who had been thrown out . This prophecy had been fulfilled , and he had no hesitation m saying that they would continue to do so however long the dispute mi ght last , so as to leave the funds of tho society comparatively uninsured . ( Hear , hear . ) lie saw it stated in the " Times" of Saturday that on the previous day a deputation of employers had an interview with Sir G . Grey , at the Rome Office . The exact nature of their object was , of course , difficult to iwT ' - u lt P r 0 Ted » at any rate , that the masters , with all their boasted capital , could not stind the contest without the aid of the Home Secretary . ( Hear , hear . ) Perhaps they wished to put down the society ; but he did not care one pin for that , as Lord Cranworth had admitted their legal right to combine , and said it was even politic to allow them to do so legally , as trade combinations would exist , more or less , without the sanction of the law . There was

      another thing , the masters could not get the law altered so as to affect tbe men , without making it , at the same time , more stringent with regard to themselves , as there was far more of conspiracy in the combination of the roasters than in that of the men . ( Hear , hear . ) The men would keep within the letter of the present law , and therefore the masters could not touch them . The government could do nothing in tbe matter , and in fact they would not , with an election at hand , trouble themselves with the charge Of any unpopular measure , which would expose them to the antagonistic votes of large bodies of the working classes . ( Hear , hear . ) The workmen were open in their proceedings—they issuedno confidential and private circulars , such as that which had recently been issued by the employers , and which was of a more inhuman nature than any circular ever put forward by a body of men before . ( Hear ,

      hear . ) The masters had endeavoured to ascertain how many men could be got to si gn the declaration which it contained , but he had not yet heard of a single man who had agreed to do so , nor did he believe that such a man could be found in the whole circuit of their trade . ( Cheers . ) This circular , intended to oppress , would In reality aid the men , as it would bring public opinion to bear against thc employers , and ho believed even the «« Times" would shortly condemn it . ( Cheers . ) The employers , then , might boast of their capital , and the compactness of their combination , - but it was plain tbey relied upon the aid of the Home Secretary , whose aid the men did not want , because they thought themselves able to manage their own affairs . Cooperative shops were being established , and would continue to be so , and he hoped shortly to see large numbers of tho men employing themselves , as , in addition to smaller shops

      to be opened by tho men themselves , the ex-tOuneii were in treaty for the stock and plant of a large establishment . Referring to the attacks of the Press , Mr . Newton said he understood there was another violent aud mendacious attack upon their proceedings . How lar that was true , he could not tell , as he was resolved never to spend a sixpence in supporting a journal which , through the medium of the master-paid a ^ ent , constantly slandered and misrepresented them . He did not rresume to say that others should do thv same , but he was of opinion that those who hitherto had taken that paper would do well to transfer their sup . part to some of those papers which had treated the struggle in an independent and an impartial spirit Be saw in the' Star' of that day that llr . Finch made some importav . t statements as to the treatement of the slaves in America contrasted with the treatment

      of working men m this country . That gentleman had been in the United States many times—he had ample opportunities of personally examining the condition of the slates , and his well-known philanthropy would naturally incite him to make the most of these opportunities . In his admirable and impartial letter . be gave the results of Ins experience , and it was in favour of the slave , against the so-called free workman . In all physical respects thc slave is better treated and cared for . He trusted Mr . Finch would continue his letters , whicii , coming from a man of great experience in their owu trade , were entitled to the careful perusal and attention of all connected with it . In conclasion , Mr . Newton repeated his earnest exhortations to maintain the same calm , orderly , and peaceable demeanour , which had distinguished the Strike hitherto , and he had no doubt of a successful , and , probably , a speedy conclusion of the contest . ( Loud cheers . }

      Tbe London trade societies have generally promised to contribute towards the support of tlie movement : and it is expected ihat a large amount of subscriptions will be this week received . Among contributions from trades , not previously published , are one of £ 1010 s . from the London Sawyers , and £ i from the Loudon Operarive Tobacconists . The Executive Committee of the Employers'Association are by no means pleased with the threat of Mr . Gooch , to dismiss men from the service of the Eastern Counties Railway Company who ma » pay towards thc support of the Amal gamated Sccietv , as it is feared that the threat may only tend still further to widen the breach existing between the workmen and their employers . The announcement that the employers had resolved to open their shops on Monday nest to ^ all the workmen who might agree to sign a declaration inviting them to renounce all connexion with tbe Amalgamated and similar societies , appears likely . to be barren of satisfactory results , as the workmen in London have generally expressed their determination never to return to work upon such terms . The workmen of Manchester have expressed a similar determination .

      The sums received during the previous week , at the general office of the Amalgamated Society for the support of the skilled hands thrown out of employ by the Strike , amount to about ± ' 1 , 309 , chiefly composed of contributions lof a day ' s pay by the men in work . Several contributions from Trade Societies , are however included , and , among others , one of JEltlO . from the Greenock Shipwrights ' Provident Onion Society . This is the largest contribution of the kind which has been received . At a general meeting of non-society men ( skilled workmen ) held on Thursday at the Masons'Arms , Lambeth , the following resolutions were unanimously . adopted : —Resolved—1 . ' . That in

      consequence of the conduct of our employers in sending forth a document for ns to sign previous to returning to our emploment , we , non-society men , are compelled to consider the best means of maintaining our independence and freedom of action for tbe benefit of all . —Hesolved—* , 2 . That it is expedient , in consequence of the aggressive acts of our employers , to take into consideration the necessity , as non society men , ef forming ourselves into au associated body in conjunction with the Amal gamated Society , to resist the tyranny of capital—3 . That a deputation from this meeting be appointed to confer with the Executive Council of the Amalgamated Society in order to adopt proceedings in reference to joining the abore Society .

      Makchebteb . —The Operative Engineers of the Amalgamated Society continue their exertions as actively as ever to procure the sinews of war . There are , we are informed , about seventy trades' societies in Manchester , and of these between thirty and forty sent delegates to a meeting at the Brewer ' s Arms , Oldham-road , a few days ago , when a resolution was carried pledging these unions to support the engineers in the " present strike against them of their employers . " The contributions of the engineers at present in employment iu Manchester and Salford for last week was nearly £ 200 . The labourers' fuuds are coming in very slowly , and the Amalgamated Society attribute it to the

      conduct of the employers . They say that the employers have caused it to go forth that they ( the employers ) would find work in their mills for the labourers and keep them from starving , and this affords tbe public a pretext for declining to aid them , so that they are likely to starve through the erroneous impression thus created . At the offices of the Amalgamated Society it was stated that Messrs , Galloway and Co ., of Manchester , had re-opened and taken forty to fifty society men on , upon the understanding that pending the strike they were to work over-hours when breakdowns or emergencies occurred , receiving double wages for overtime with an allowance of two and a-balf hours for refreshment during the ni ght , —the agreement to be void should the strike uot result in favour of the operatives .

      Liverpool . —A deputation , consisting of tho Mayor , Thomas Littledale , Esq ., and Messrs . Hugh Hornby and J . B . Lloyd , two influential members of the town council , have consented to wait upon Messrs . Forrester and Messrs . Fawcctt , master engineers , in order to effect some arrangement between them and the workmen , about thirty-six in number , whom they have discharged , and refuse to reinstate in their shops unless they renounce all connexion wilh the Amalgamated Society . This the men are unwilling to do , as they would thus have to forego their claim to assistance from the funds of what they contend is a benefit ; society .

      Advices from Lniicashire and oilier parts of the country announce continued firmness on the part of tho men ; and the following copy of a letter , received on Saturday , from the secretary of the Manchester branch , will , perhaps , convey abetter idea of tbe real state of the strike in that important district thau anything which has previously appeared in print : — "Amalgamated Society of Engineers , & c . Manchester Office , Jan . 30 , 1 S 52 . " Hear Sir , —The number of members paid tc-day for the present week is , clubmen 327 , at 15 a . ; non-clubmen , 22 S , at 10 s . ; and 219 apprentices , at one-third of their wa » es the whole amounting to £ 7 S 2 Ifs . Gd . All the men are in good spirits . The non-society men have been holding meetings by themselves , and have in all cases , decided to

      remain out until the society and employers have settled their dispute . The trades are with us , ami we shall get more money from them , We are deputing members to attend five public meetings to-night , and one to-morrew night , in various large towns in the neighbourhood . Mr . , oho of the largest millowners in this part of the country , has requested a deputation of our men to wait upon him this morning at his works to explain our position . lie wishes to know our objections to piecework , so that he can defend our position ou 'Change ; and he also wishes to know if we can supply him with mules or engines , aud if we are prepared to contract for him . A deputation will wait upon him according to his desire . —Yours , & c „ " W . IIemm , Secretary . " To Mr . W . Allen , General Secretarv . "

      Celebration Of Pause's Birthday. ,. On S...

      CELEBRATION OF PAUSE'S BIRTHDAY . ,. On Sunday last a Tea Parfy was held at Mr . Skerrett ' s residence , Christ Church-passage , Birmingham , to commemorate the birthday of Thomas Paine , Ihe noble proclaimer of tbe "Rights of Man , " "Common Sense , " "Age of Reason , " & c . Among tho sentinienis spoken to were the following : — "Thomas Paine , " " May Republicans soon shake hands over the grave of the last tyrant . " These were proposed by Mr . Broom , of Loudon , in two long speeches descriptive of Paine ' s life , character , and the conduct aud effects of kingcraft . " To Richard Carlyle , Robert Taylor , Mr . Watson , and all others who have worked to emancipate tbe human mind from priestly thrall . " 'Proposed by Mr . Skerrett , in an able , " logical , and deeply practical speech . He traced thc history of mental freedom—showed how hardlv it had been

      won—defined tbe province of mind , and called on those present tO ai d the all-important work of rationally educating society . «« Robert Owen , the living philanthropist , " was spoken to by Mr . Taylor , in a speech of intense feeling , on behalf of the goodne ss of tbe founder of English Socialism . " Woman —may she soon be enabled to exercise those rights she has been so long kept from , " was proposed by Mr . T . H awkesfonl , in an eloquent address . The chairman sun" an old , but excellently worded song , on Education . Several other gentlemen addressed the meeting , evincing their ferven t admiration for Thomas Paine , their great admiration of Republicanism , hatred of priestcraft , under anv form or name . The meeting did not disperse until a late hour , and it was resolved to hold weekly meetings for the purpose of instructing the people respecting the life and works of the brave man to honour whom they had assembled together on that occasion .

      I-Mverfe! Parliament

      I-mverfe ! parliament

      Opening Of The Session. Tuesday, Fun. 3....

      OPENING OF THE SESSION . TUESDAY , Fun . 3 . HOUSE OF LORDS . —The Session of 1852 was opened to-day by the Queen in person . The doors of tbe House of Peers were open at twelve o ' clock , and from that time the arrival of peers , peeresses , and those persons who had been fortunate enough to obtain orders , was continuous until the magnificent chamber was filled with an assemblage of handsomely attired ladies , about fifty peers in their peculiar robes , a full attendance of tho corps diplomatique in their varied uniforms , and a greater number of judges than wo have ever seen present on a similar occasion . The whole scene was one of much beauty and grandeur , the entire body of the house and gallaries being filled with gaily dressed ladies , the varied colours of whose dresses with their jewels and other personal ornaments presented a tout ensemble , tbe effect of which was admirable .

      THE QUEEN'S SPEECH . Mr Lobbs and Ge . ntikmen , — The period has arrived when , according to usage , 1 can again avail myself of your advice and assistance in the preparation and adoption of measures which the welfare of tlie country may require . I continue to maintain the most friendly relations with Foreign Powers , The complicated affairs ol the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig have continued to engage ray attention . I have every reason to expect that the treaty between Germany and Denmark , which was concluded at Berlin in tho year before last , will , in a short time , bo fully and completel y executed , I regret that tho war which unfortunatel y broke out on the eastern frontier of the Capo of Good Hope , more than a year ago , still continues . Papers will be laid before you containing full information as to the progress of the war and the measures which have been taken for bringing it to a termination .

      While I have observed with sincere satisfaction the tranquillity which has prevailed throughout the greater portion of Ireland , it is with much regret that I have to inform you that certain parts of the counties of Armagh , Monughan , and Louth have been marked by the commission of outrages of the most serious descripl ion , Tho powers ol thc existing law have been promptly exerted for the detection of the offenders , and for the repression of a system of crime and violence fatal to the bes > t interests of the country . My attention will continue to be directed to this important object . Gkstlemks of the House os Commons , —! have ordered estimates of the expenses of the current year to be laid before you .

      I rely with confidence on your loyalty and zeal to make adequate provision for the public service . Whore any increase has been made in the estimates of the present over the past year , such explanations will bo given as will , I trust , satisf y you that such increase is consistent with a steady adherence to a pacific policy , and with the dictates of a wise economy . My Lokds and Gentlemen , —The improvement of the administration of justice in its various departments has ccninued to receive my anxious attention , and in furtherance of that object I have directed bills to be prepared , founded upon the reports made to me by tho respective commissioners appointed to inquire into the practice and proceedings of the superior courts of law and equity . As nothing tends more to tlie peace , prosperity , and contentment of a country than tho speedy and impartial administration of justice , I earnestly recommend t , hese measures to your deliberate attention .

      The Act of 1 S 48 , for suspending the operation of a previous act , conferring representative institutions on New Zealand , will expire early in the next year . I am happy to believe that there is no necessity for its renewal , and that no obstacle any longer exists to the enjoyment of representative institutions by 2 few Zealand . The form oi ' these institutions , will , however , require your consideration , and the additional information which has been obtained since the passing of the acts in question will , I trust , enable you to arrive at a decision beneficial to that important colony .

      It gives mo great satisfaction to be able to state to you , that the large reductions of taxes which have taken place of late years have not been attended with a proportionate diminution of the national income . The revenue of the past year has been fully adequate to tie demands of tbe public service , while the reduction of taxation has tended greatly to the relief and comfort of my subjects , I acknowledge with thankfulness to Almighty God , that tranquillity , good order , and willing obedience to the laws , continue to prevail generally throughout the country . Itappears to me that thisis a fitting time for calmly considering whether it may not be advisable to make such amendments in the act of the late reign relating to tho representation of the Commons in Parliament as may be deemed calculated to carry into more complete effect the principles upon which that law ia founded .

      I have the fullest confidence that in any such consideration you will firmly adhere to the acknowledged principles of the constitution , by which tho prerogatives of the crown , the authority of both Houses of Parliament , and the rights and liberties " of the people are equally secured . The Q \ ieetv then withdrew in tbe usual form , and their lordships adjourned during pleasure . The house resumed at five o ' clock . Tue AnnnEss . —Earl Albemaiiie moved , and Lord Leigh seconded , in the Upper House , thc Address , which was as usual , nothing but an echo of the Speech , and the speeches of the noble mover and seconder nothing but a prolongation of the echo .

      The Earl of Derby criticised the choice and arrangement of topics—demanding to know why the Ecclesiastical Titles Act had not been enforced , and why Lord Palmerston had retired—strongly censured the tone of the English press towards the President of France—complained ot the Kaffir War and Colonial administration generally , and contended for a fixed duty on corn . Earl Grey concurred in condemning the tone of the press , intimated intentions of preparing for national defence , and replied to thc other points of the Opposition leader . Lord BnocouAM and the Duke of Kxchmoad spoko briefly , and the Address was agreed to .

      HOUSE OF COMMONS . —The doors of tho lower chamber were opened at a few minutes after twelve , and shortly afterwards the members began to flock in , and were speedily seen busying themselves in affixing their names to their favourite seats . During the recess the chamber has undergone considerable alteration , or rather it has been brought to a perfect state of completeness . The temporary hoop gas pendants ( not unlike those used in tho canvass theatres of country fairs ) have given place to ten beautifully executed and appropriately designed gothic chandeliers of bronze decorated with copper and gilded ornaments , and suspended by massive crimson cords . A light and elegant brass rail has been fixed round the galleries . The panels in front of the ladies ' gallery , and behind the strangers ' gallery , have been filled in with a similar railing . The emblazonry of the arms of all the municipalities and counties of tho kingdom on the panels of the roof and in front of the side-galleries , and the stained glass windows , have been finished . The

      Speaker ' s chair , table , clerk ' s chair , official boxw , which are no longer oi tho orthodox scarlet colour , but covered with green velvet , and bound and ornamented with brass g ilt ; and the other details of the presidential locale have heen provided and arranged in order . Tho saats in all p arts of the house are covered with morocco of a most agreeable green hue , and tho floor with a cocoa-nut fibre matting or carpet to correspond . Altogether thc decorations and furniture harmonise singularly well with the style ami proportions of the apartment , and contribute to give it an appearance of snugncss and comfort which l-hoso who s-aw it a year ago would hardly suppose could be attained . The acoustic properties of the new House of Commons too , are very much improved by tho change which was made last year in the roof , and afford a most advantageous contrast in this respect to tlie aristocratic chamber . At half-past one tho Speaker entered , and prayers being over , tho ballot for the order in which members should proceed to attend her Majesty took place .

      At twenty-five minutes past two , ( by which time at least 300 members had assembled , but not including any cabinet minister , the opposition being in the greatest numbers , ) Mr . Pulman , the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod , entered the house , and proceeding up to tlie Speaker ' s table , delivered the Queen's command to the house to attend her Majesty immediately in the House of Peers . Tho Speaker , attended by tho great majority of tho . members present , went in obedience to the command , and on their return the sitting was suspended until a quarter to four . Shortly after the resumption of business , Lord Palmerston entered the house , and took his seat apparently unnoticed on the front lower bench below the gangway which sep-irates tho ministers from the independent liberal members . Lord John Russell and Sir F . Baring entered at a few

      minutea subsequently , and passed on to their seats without recognising their late colleague . Government Notices op Skw Measure ' . —Mr . JJayteij stated tho course the government proposed to take in asking leave to introduce certain new measures . On Monday the 8 th of February , the First Lord of the Treasury would move for leave to bring in a bill to extend the right of voting for members of parliament , and to amend the law relating to the representation of the people . ( Loud cheers . ) On Friday the 13 th , leave would be moved for by his noble friend , to bring in a bill to amend the laws relating to he local militia Snd on tho same day tbe President of the Boird of Trade would ask to introduce a bill to cmy into effect cert ain provisions agreed to between thotwo governments of Enelaud and France- on the subject of

      international convri ht . On the 16 th the solioitor-Uencrat would move for leave to bring in a bill to reform tho practice of the Court of Cbancery- ( bear , Uenr ) -nnd on the same day the Secretary of State for the Home Department would move to introduce a bill to exclude the borough of St . Albana from the right of sending & burgess to parliament . * TheoS ' s PFEECH . -TnE Address . —The Speaker reported that the house had been to the House of Peers , where her M ajesty had been p leased to make a most gracious speech , which he proceeded to read Sir It F Bvlkeley then rose to move thc usual address in answer to her Majesty ' s speech . He expressed a hope that , while dwelling on the advantages of peace , let remonstrances come from whence they may against our affordinir an asylum to political refugees , we should nevertheless continue to do so , and even to offer friendly an vice to foreign powers ; but farther than this we should not go . He adverted to the course pursued by Kossuth , who was annarentlv twine to net up a feeling in favour of

      intervention with foreign nations , which he was told had failed in America , and which in this country was simply absurb . He was , however , much surprised at the attention shown to

      Opening Of The Session. Tuesday, Fun. 3....

      .. _ » , : ~;—~ . - ——»» gK i—mm ^ tK Kossuth , and the sympathy expressed in behalf of his designs by those who professed themselves to bo tho advocates of peace . With respect to the Kaffir war he said itwas to be hoped that the reinforcements sent out to the Capo would be sufficient to restore tranquillity , and that , afterwards the colony with its new constitution would bo enabled to defend itself . He proceeded to ridicule the' idea of an invasion of this country while it possessed the largest navy in the world , and a mercantile marine to double the amount of that of any other nation in the world . With respect to the projected reforms in the courts of equity , ho dwelt upon tho improvements whicii have been effected within tho last twenty years in all the other courts in the kingdom , but from which the courts of . equity had hitherto esoapod , and expressed a hope that now at last they might

      be subjected to the hand of improvement . With respect to the now Reform Bill , he shortly stated some views of his own on the subject . He would give a vote to every man paying direct taxes , and to every man paying poor rates , and also to every man who had £ 5 D in a savings hank , lie , however , heartily hated vote by ballot and triennial parliaments , believing that no respectable man would subject himself to the nuisance of a triennial election . Who ' was afraid in that house to extend the suffrage ? Who had forgotten that within a very short time three of the principal cities of the continent , Paris , Berlin , and Vienna , were in the hands of a mob , that during that time there existed the greatest order in this country . There was faith in tho working classes in England—their loyalty had been tried . It , must not be forgotten , that _ when wretched politicians had collected a monstrous petition , requiring eight horses to drag it to the house , every man who possessed a shilling instantly joined the causs of order , and when the morning

      came that was to sack London , that miserable , deluded , humbugging set of political preachers —( laughter)—with a member of that house at their head —( continued laughter )—vanished into the holes and corners of the metropolis on the appearance of a few polic men . ( Renewed laughter . ) The attention of Parliament had been for many years directed to the amelioration of the condition of the people—their bread bad been cheapened—the meat had also been cheapened , and he wished he could have stated the same thing of their beer . Their sanitary condition had been improved , and in Ireland much also had been done . The hon . gentleman then appealed to the Irish members to pause ere they openly declared war to the knife against the government of Lord John Russell . In conclusion he expressed a hope that they would vote a unanimous Address to the Throne , and then proceed without delay to the transaction of tho business of tho country . Mr , B . Cautku seconded the Address .

      Sir B . Hall alluded to the cabal which was reported to have existed some time ago for the purpose of driving L & rd Palmerston from office , and which it now appeared had at last succeeded , though his policy had heen approved of by that house , and he believed by tho public generally . The noble lord ' s resignation or dismissal was announced in London on the 24 th of December , and yet on the same day the fact of such dismissal was printed in the " Breslau Gazette , " and Vienna was placarded with tho news by the direction of the Austrian government . Lord J . Russell said he would answer the question put to him , though it required him to go into considerable detail . The noble lord complimented Lord Palmerston for his ability , and proceeded to state what he considered to bo tho duties of the Secretary for Foreign Affairs , and the duties of the Prime Minister ; after whicii he proceeded to

      say : 1 will now draw the attention of the house to the events which took place in the autumn of the past year . On the 3 rd of November last a Cabinet Council was " held , and 1 happen to have my memory the more impressed hy what I stated on that occasion by a note which I made at the time . I stated that I thought , the situation of Europe was exceedingly critical ; that I thought we were on the verge of seeing in 1852 , either what is called asocial democracy have a triumph in France and other countries , or , on the other hand , of seeing absolute power prevail over the greater part of the Continent . I said that in either case the situation of England would be one of some perilthat we could not expect that the social and democratic Republic in France would observe the faith of treaties , or refrain from attacking our allies . And I said on the other hand , that if absolute power should prevail—this coun .

      try being an exception in its form of government from the prevailing form—there was a danger of combination upon tho subject of tho refugees in this country , or upon some other subjects , in reference to which demands might be mado upon us with which we could not submit to consistently with the honour of tho country . ( Cheers . ) I stated that , in my opinion , in this critical stale of affairs , it was the interest of England to observe a strict neutrality . ( Cheers from all parts of the house . ) I said we oujjbt to beware most especially of giving any just cause of offence —( renewed cheers)—that we ought to exercise the utmost vigilance in order to prevent such cause of off nee . And I think my colleagues generally , and my nohlo friend , who was more immediately concerned , entirely concurred in tho general opinion which I then expressed . No formal resolution was , however , come to in that Cabinet , but there was

      a general understanding as to the desirableness of adopting that course of policy . Now , sir , a very short time after that Cabinet Council my noble friend unfortunately , as I think , received at the Foreign Office certain delegates from districts in the metropolis with addresses containing terms which were most offensive to Sovereigns in alliance with us . ( Rear , hear . ) But I was fully persuaded , ami I am still fully persuaded , that though my noble friend had not exercised due caution in that respect—though ho did not take the precaution of seeing" the addresses before they were presented to him—though he had not taken the further precaution , whefi the delegates came to him in reference to a most delicate subject , of assuring himself that his words should be accurately reported ; yet I was fully persuaded that my noble friend had fallen into " error that day entirely from oversight and the immense press of business in his department . I was persuaded likewise that great misrepresentations wore made with respect to the words which my noble fchiui had used to these deputations .

      ( Hear , hear . ) I was ready , therefore , and I declared k at onco , to accept with my nobie friend the whole responsibility of his conduct on that occasion , although I could not forbear seeing that an error had been committed , ( Hear , hear . ) 1 did bone that , after that occurrence , my noble friend would have treated mo with the frankness to which I think I was entitled ; that ho would have taken ' no important stop—that ho would have made no important communication to a foreign minister without fir ? t giving me information , and enabling me to express roy opinion upon that step . There was a meeting of the Cabinet , I think , ou thc 5 th of December , and there was , I think , a generally prevailing opinion at that council , that with respect to any foreign power we had nothing more to do than to abstain from any interference whatever with its internal affairs , ( Hoar , hear . ) My noble friend correctly represented the views of the government in this respect , and which had obtained her Majesty ' s sanction and approval , in the dispatch which he afterwards sent to Lord Normanby . lie says in that dispatch : —

      I am commanded by her Jfajesty to instruct your excellency to make no change in your relations with the French povt-rument . It is her Majesty ' s desire that notliin ? > hould be done by hur ambassador at l ' aris which could wear tlie appearance of ah interference of any kind in the internal affairs of France . lam , & c , Palmerston . ( Loud cheers . ) A few days afterwards , among the Foreignoffice dispatches whicii oanie to my hands , was one from Lord Normanby to Lord Palmerston . It is dated December the 0 th , was received ' on December the 8 th , and it

      says ;—¦ Paris , Dec . G , 1 S 51 . J [ y Lord , —I this morning received youv lordship's dispatch , Ko . GOO , of yesterday ' s date , and I afterwards called on II . Turgor ,, and informed him that I had received her Majesty ' s commands to say that I need make no change in my relations with the French government in consequence of what had passed . I addud that if there had been some little delay in mulling this communication , it ar . ise from material circumstances not connected with any doubt on the subject , M . Turgot s ; iid that delay had been of less importance , as ho had two days since heard from M . WalewsUi that your lonh-hip had expressed ' to him your entire approbation of the act of ' tiie President , and your conviction that he euulil not have acted otherwise than he had done . I saiii 1 had no knowledge of any sueh communication , and no instructions beyond our invariable rule to do

      nothing which should have the appearance ot uitcvturmgin an ; way in the internal affairs of Prance , buttliat I had often had an opportunity of showing , under very varied circtunsiaiices , that whatever mijtht be tlie government here , I attached the utmost importance to maintaining the mest amicable relations between tbe two countries . " I added that I was sure , had the government known of the sup" pression of the insurrection of the rouges at tbe time 1 heard from " lliem , I should have been commissioned to add their oon ;; rniula-• ' tion to mine , "— [ That had reference to the combats nliich tool : place in the streets of Paris on the 4 th , and to this dispatch Loi d Palmerston replied . ]— " I have thought it necessary to mention nhnt was stated about HI . Wnlewsici ' s d ' spateh , b-. c . iuse two of' my colleagues here mentioned tome that the dispnti-h cuutniuing expressions precisely to that effect , had been read to them in order to show ihe decided opinions which Unftlaud had pronounced . "

      I have , & c , Xobhasby . Lord John Russell said that , after having asked for an explanation from Lord Palmerston , after a lapse of several d-iys hejjreceived a communication , which s-tated That there has been nothing in the languapc which I have held nor in the opinions whicii I have at any time espre .-scd on lliereccnt events in Prance which has bees in any v .-av inconsistent with tlie instruetionsaddresjfd to your excellency , to ' alistainfrom anythiiJR which could bear the appearance of anv interference in tlie internal affairs of France . * ' If the instructions contained in ray dispatch , No . 01 ) 0 , of ihe 5 th instant , to which your excellency refers , were sent to you , not in repl y to a question as to what opinions your excellency should express , but in reply to a question which I understood to be , nhether your excellency should continue your usual diplomatic relations with the Presiilcnt ' durlnjj the inter val which was to e ' apse between the date of your excellency's dispatch , No . 305 , of the 3 d instant , and the voting bv the t ' veuch nation on the question to be proposed to them by tlie President . As to approving or condemning the step taken by the President in

      dissolv . ng the assembly , I conceive it is for the French nation , and not for the British Secretary of State , or for the British ambass-ulor , to pronounce judgment ou that event : ' but if your p . ' . crllencv wishes toluioir my own opinion on the change which ha , taken place in France , it is that such a state of antagonism bad arisen between the President and the Assembly , that it was becoming every day more clear that their co-existence could not be of loiij . ' duration and it seemed tome better for the interests of Prance , iml tliroiH ) rhem for the interests of the rest of Europe , that the power of the President should prevail , inasmuch as the continuance of his authority might afford a prospect of the maintenance of social order in Francs , whereas the divisions of opinions and parties in the Assembly appeared to betoken that their victory over the President would he tbe starting point for disastrous civil strife . Whether my opinions were right or wrong , theyseemed to be shared by persons interested in property in France , as far , at least , as the great and sudden rise in thc funds and iu other investments may be assumed to be indications ot increasing confidence in the improved prospect of internal tranquillity in Prance . Iain ic

      1 UL 3 IH 1 STOK . Lord John Russell proceeded to say , that in so grave ' a matter the opinion of not only tbe Prime Minister but of tho whole cabinet , should have . been taken with regard to it , and that no opinion should have becn expressed without tho fullest consideration of tbe cabinet and the sanction and approval of the crown . ( Cheers . ) The act of the President is not what is represented iu that dispatch—merely

      Opening Of The Session. Tuesday, Fun. 3....

      an act dissolving the French Assembly . It was an act which , in tlie first place , dissolved the Assembl y , and put au and w tlia existing constitution . It , was an not , which , in tho next place , anticipated the elections of 1 S 52 , which were to take place according to " tho constitution , hut with respect to which great apprehensions were entertained . l ?« t , in the third place , it was an act putting an end to parl'a « ient ; : iT ( joveriiinciit in France ; and , as I conceive , together with parliamentary government , su-pending those ri ghts of freedom of speech and freedom of the Pre .-s which wc in this country consider usually accompany a parliamcni . 7 Z sov , - ' 'i " » t . ( Hear . ) flow , I am not going to outer to be d l 8 , ! ,, t 0 whot « or that wasorwasnot - ' l St thing nip n , nl !! < c ' ( ril ' ' is e « tircly a question for the French peo--nn thof . ' eS - ° ^ twaino- T ho French people may say lia menhrv ZV } ' ontitle ( 110 ** - " W 1 ,:, t > ' ° " cal 1 P" ' ithas so freCu iifi ; u iia 3 P roduce , 1 such evils in France--with the ordoi- n ,, 1 to C ( , » vulatons—it is so incompatible oughl !\ otl 2 i S 2 ! socwt '> ; " r r ^ 'V * vernment * 4 o » tTlf & $£ Z ? l . mLltt 0 Slet lyste . m ° f * * to say that , whoh ° thfl ^ hf ! f J ° ' ench " atl 0 n ° ° *— . i : ' . .. ' , , r Cueilsator tho cast , nrnfnnen toconfiuibu — t

      w uncus s lunar id ,,,. \ i > . . . . , question to giro tho moral- ^ L /• ' " ^ " 0 , a" 0 C"C £ place the broad sea ! o Em , k ? , ° ofEn * , aml to ' - " , respect to a great nation HkVpr vTM ^ ^ ' m wlth solved-if she acquiesce in that position t anC , ° *? , **' but lament it . ( Hear , „ w » r ) TS , ? J" ™ , ! mtiT " those great qualities of human nntu ™ wS ^ , nt ' ^ out by = parliamentary government " S ° i ^ tS a free press—that those great Qualities em . i i ? .. ' forward have their . wholo development Sd ' tfS ^ Zt with respect to our own position , itwasto he recollected that during the existence of the present aJminUrS , ? with my noble friend as its organ , we havebueu c & w ™ iw giving the moral support and moral sympathy of Enuland to constitutional and parliamentary eoverntnent . ( Oheers \ We have done so in Portugal—wo have done so in Spainwe have done so in Piedmont . ( Hear , hear . ) And noboly wa s more anxious than my nohlo friend , and I was ready to join him , in giving the advantage of our moral influence ia support of that policy . Hut if we were at once to express our approbation of this act of tho President—however

      necessary— how could we advise any other countries to maintain their constitution ,- )) and parliamentsrv governments ? ( Hear , hear . ) The noblo lord procrciled'to snv , that , . 18 I conceive the authority of tho crown had been set aside , and set aside for a purpose which I could not respect , it appeared to mo that I had no other course open than to inform my noblo friend that , whilst I held office , ho could no longer continue to hold the seals of Secretary of State for iowign Attain . . I think that on tho Thursday I informed the noble lord that I should watt , thinking it possible that some course might surest itself by whicii our separation might be prcronted . But nothing of tho kind occurred . I therloro wrote , on Saturday , the 20 th , to her Majesty , conveying the correspondence which had passed , and also intimating roy advice to her Majesty that Lord Palmerston siiouiu

      oe required to give up the seals of thc Foreign Office , in cominj : to a decision so grave-a decision that 1 should separate trom a colleague with whom I had aclcd so longwhose abilities I admired , and of whose policy I approved * Itelt -whether right or wrong I wii ! not now say-that I was bound , to consult none of mv colhagues , in order to avoid the appearance of a cabal , and to assume the sole and entire responsibility of tho act . iiie noble lord denied the story with regard to the letter written from Vienna , and stated that , at the cabinet council ™ ji !"' 22 nd ult he took upon himself the dismissal utr . ' mmton ' He said : 1 am far from accusing my nobfc friend of any intention of personal disrespect to tho crovvn . My belief is , that , having been lung conversant with the affairs of the Foreign Department , and bavins great confidence in his own judgment and in his own mode

      ot doing taose aftairs , he forgot and neglected that which was due to the crown and to his colleagues , without anv intention of persona ! .- ' aspect to either . But it is impossible for me to make this statement without also referring m some degree to thc state of affairs which now exists on the continent of Europe . ( Hoar , hear . ) I think it necessary to make that statement , because I havo been necessaril y led to an avowal of my opinions that wo should not properly or fairly express an opinion hero relative to the conduct cf the President of tho French Republic on the 2 nd of December . I thorn-lit it was not our part to do what wc have heard the Prussian and Austrian

      ministers had done—to go at once and congratulate tho President of tho Republic on the course he had taken . Dut this 1 am bound to say , that tho President of France , having all the means of information which ho has , has no doubt taken that course from a consideration of the state of France , and that thc course ho has taken is best fitted to procure the welfare of the country over which he rules . ( Faint ironical cheers . ) Let me say that again . ( Laughter . ) What I state is , that I have no reason to'doubt , and everything I have heard confirms me in that opinion , that in the opinion of the President of France the three things waich he has done—viz ., puttinc an end tothoconstitutinn , preventing tho elections ol 1852 , and abolition of parliamentary government , arc all measures conducive and , perhaps , essential to thc welfare of France . But I havo to state further—because I confess I have scon with very great regret thc language which has been used by a portion of thc press of this country —( Protectionist cheers)—I remember somethi . ng as a boy , and have read more of that whicii occurred during the Peace of Amiens to render that

      peace ol short duration , and to involve these two great countries iu one of the most bloody hostilities which ever mangled the face of Europe . ( Hear , hear , ) 1 believe that temperate discussion and temperate negociations between the two countries might have averted the enlauutv o ? war between them , but that the language of the press at the time was such that it embittered all hegoointion . and prevented the continuance of that peace . ( Hear , hear . ) I should deeply regret if tbe press of this country at the present time were to take a similar course . We have in'ieed one advantage over that time—viz ., that the First Consul of France , great as were his abilities ami his talents , was ignorant of the manners am ] constitution of this country . The present President of Franco has this advantage oyer his uncle , that he is perfectly aware how much liberty ,

      nay , how muuii Jioens-e of discussion prevails in this country—that the most violent and unmeasured invectives of the press do not imply any feeling of hostility cither on the part of the government or tho people of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) I am convinced , too , of this , that there never was a time in which it was more desirable that thosa two countries should preserve the relations which at present exists between them , and that there never was a time when the maintenance of peace between France and England could contribute more to the cause of civilisation throughout the world . From every assurance I havo had lam convinced that the present ruler of France—the President—is desirous to heep up thoso terms of peace and amity now existing , and it shall not bo any fault of ours , of the government of this country , if those terms of peace

      and amity aro not continued . ( Hear , hear . ) I say this the more especially because it certainly may be our duty , as her Majesty ' s Speech has intimated , to propose some increase in the estimates of the year . When the proper time comes , when the measures for that purpose , are proposed , it will be shown , I trust , to the satisfaction of tho house , that those measures aro not for an increase of armaments , and are nothing more thau not only every country in Europe ., hut tho "United States of America , also think it necessary to take for their own national defence . It is impossible not to see that with the great changes which have ; taken place in tho world , among other arts tho art of war . ' has been improved . It ia necessary when there is always a : possibility of war not to be without the means of defence o which that improved art of war may present . But really y

      to see some of the letters that arn published , and to hear r some of the language that . is used , one would really believo o that those two great nations , so wealthy and so civilised , ! , were going to butcher one another merely to try the effect ? t of concussion shells . lam convinced that the fiKcd ami it ! deliberate opinion of this house and the country is for the ae continuance of the most permanent and decided pence , and id that they regard it as tho greatest blessing whicii the na- at ons of Europe can enjoy . But there is something further or which , if I may be permitted , I will point out t o the atten- ntion of tho house . Some years ago no wmvi astonished by by the success of insurrections in various capitals of Europe . le ,

      and the overthrow of the existing governments in thoseise countries , anil the o .-fablishmeiit of democratic constitu-lutions in their stead . I havo hoard persons in this housoiso express their admiration of the establishment of those dc-kmocratic constitutions , but I could not participate in theireir admiration . I looked upon thoso events with mixed feel-clings—glad if it turned out that thoy promoted tlie i ' rcodctnoin i of thenationsof Europe , but by no menus confident of that tat ; result . IVe havo seen where four years ago , in almost all all L these countries , democratic constitutions were cstablished . ed ,, absolute power was put in iheir place . For instance , in irn that little country of Tuscany , iu which I at one timeimee lived for several ' months uniier tho benisnant rulo of raf aa

      most mild and enlightened governmen t , we have seen thathau government overturned by democracy , the Grand Dnkdtikcc driven from his dominions by thu forces of thc Italintilintt Unity , and we have seen him afterwards restored to absoibso 1 lute power , but with tho addition of foreign forces occupvupyf ing his capital and chief towns , and the subsistence of tli .-alun force partly provided for by diminishing tho lueaneani which thc Italians above all other nations aro so plcasecasei ;! to give to institutions for promoting social enjoymenhientt and relaxation . In Austria the constitution was strangieiigieij in its birth , am-l absolute power restored . I II Ilessoe a forei-jn force was iutrolucod ' jjto put an eni ena to the constitution there established . Now , is thertherr no moral ( o be drawn from these events ? T ) o tho thoo not show , in the first place , that we should nctjudge hiistiljistil . il or rashly of events occurring in foreign countries , and thai thaa we have done wisely to adhere to our ancient instituliomtiomi ! to our characteristic freedom ef speech , and freedom ot tho ! tun etit

      press , and to that rational liberty which is more fully ew joyed in this country than in anv of those which demooratioratit ' constitutions have been established . I t'uf , tbcre . one . onr that with regard to our own country we shall centum * ihm »» : the path of peacjablc and safti reform , ir-ther than by tlby tltl hasty adoption of nnvtbing different from our ancient coit ccic : stitmion run the risk of ruining that true freedom vfliuwhun wenow enjoy . But with regard to foreign countries thci thoo is this to be said , that whilst we . ' - ' - ' ; ' not interfere-wh . fwhiH we abstain from any in temperate judgment upon their icir n ternal affairs , yet there is ono portion winch comes to us o us s those events which impose upon us a duty from which hich \ cannot shrink . All thoi-e governments , as one party or < y or t ¦ 1 other get uppermost , send their opponents or enemies oiies c ( of the country ; they dread their being in a neighbourihouTir state , and that ends in their seeking a refuge in Englainglaia In giving them hospitality we arc pursuing " the ancient sent as known policy of this country —( hear , hear)—we arc I aro I ' doing that which was celebrated two centuries ago , wlo , wlvl ( Continued in our 8 th page . )

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 7, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_07021852/page/5/