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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th September 1845, Edition 2 of 4, Page 4

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    • KICHAKDSQN
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6,1845.
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      The Northern Star. ___ _____ Septembeb 6...

      THE NORTHERN STAR . ___ _____ Septembeb 6 , 184 ^ ^ ¦ '¦ _ ________ - ____ - _ - _________ _________ " *^ - - .. ... - _^________ --- _ ----J-------------- ^ w ^ ' ' " " — " "'"***'

      Kichakdsqn

      KICHAKDSQN

      Ad00406

      MANUFACTURIN CUTLER , ESTABLISHED 1805 , A « ir Vie Church , Kensington . GAKDEXEKS 'Pruning , Grafting , and Building Knives in Sheath , Is . CJ . each ; shut ditto , 3 * . Bach . "These knivc-ssire made of the best materials ; I al-• wavs use them . "— Vide the late YVni . Cobbett in his English 6 We » ier . lUUes , Hoes , and Gardening Tools « f every dtscriptio " - Isrst ma < Ie Itazors , Ulack HauiU .. 'S , 5 s . tlie case , or 3 s . cam 5 iawrte < l in Ivoiy and Silver < HUo , 10 s . the case , or 5 s . each ; Good Ulack Handled Knives and Forks , ! 2 s . per Dozen ; Ivory Handled Ditto equally reasonable . IticHir-Dsos ' s X £ * vc \ --i !> veste » Kxife Boakds , warranted to hei'ji hniwis with a gocil edge and clean , and also to sive tlie f-cl : s a fine ps !_ i between the prongs . Three-foot BoaT „ , cased with Leather and Cutlers' Composition , 5 s . 6 J . « icli ; Gardeners'Ditto . 2 s . By enclosing a Post-ofiii-e civier prompt attention may ho relied ou . Goods sent ts any part of the -world . y . U . Wholesale : iud Retail .

      Ad00407

      C ^ ALS . FfiOVlDS £ 0 R WBTEIL PU 0 TOOEX 7 FAMIIaES , subscribing Is . |« r weik to thE Metropolitan < -oa ! Company * - Sniffing Club , em obtain four half tons eauuallj-, without ferthcr charge , fints , lie . The Company ' s price current is , Best Screened TVa 5 Isend , Ss . per full ton : ; Seconds , Sls . ^ s ^ ad 23 s ; Oeke , 17 s . Cd . Office , 279 , High uloihorn .

      Ad00408

      CHEAP- EUEJE-AKT , AND ES ^ ED ^ IOTJS PKIiSTING , COMMITTEES , ilar . agcrs of EsTSbitions , Ooncertrooms , Thaities , UencfitSock-Sias , and public bodies generally , will 'ficd it much to their advantage to give their orders te " 2 " . STUTTEK , X = cnd -4 , eimreb-roiv , Bethnal-grecn . - 'iisndon . Cards , £ s . ; per hundred ; Handlulls , hy taking-twenty tlioasanil ,- ^ s . -per thousand ; Post-: n £ -h ! lh =, Ss . -per hundred , ftvflars from - the country , containing a Tiimttance , promytly attended to . Goods delivered mjiih five miles of Londsn . Give yonr-trders to T . Stutter , 8 and ^ 4 , - 'Church-row , Betlinnl-grera , and save at leasPSfty-per cent

      Ad00409

      LIGHT , VENTILATING , iFLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , 53 s . PEIUUSt'S Patent YentiJaiing , Flexible Hats maybe olitsmed in Beaver , SUk ,-ondTelvet , -from Ss . Cd . to 21 s ., in upwards of one handrail different-shapes , to suit contour . Atlso the best Xivesy Hats at ' aOs . ; Youths ' and Gentlenwifs Hats and CapsoT-esveiy description . —CECIL HOUSE , 85 , Strand , aud 231 , Hlegcnt-strej : t . fgn ' Ccjc the address , aati buy where you can be well used .

      Ad00410

      GENUINE TEAS JJL 3 JD 'COEFEES FOR THE BULLION . The cheapest place in London for Tens and Coffees is at tlie Warehouse , 24 andSa ,-Regent-Street , Westminster , near the VauxhaU Bridge ltoad . THE-i ' ropriefor , E . WA & MIXGIPQX , takes this opportunity to return thai & s for the liberal supporthe has received ; ince he opened the abovejireraises ; and to those who hare not yet favoured him with'their patronage , E . W . most strongly solicits a trial , feeling assured that tlie articles 6 Cld at the warelwnse , both in price and quality , ¦ will give universal satisfaction . Goods in any quantity sent free to all parts of London and the suburbs ; and persons in the country , hy remitting a l ' ost-ofiice order , wiU find their instructicas faithfully attended to . XIST OF TlthCES . Kaefc _ Teas . s . d . s . d . Common Congou „„ ....-... „ .... 3 0 to 3 2 Good ordinary , rather strong —™ ... 3 4 to 3 C Strong Blackish Leaf 3 8 to 3 10 Ditto , or Pekoe Flavour , recommended to Economists , and not to be equalled at thii price ... . 4 0 Souchong , Fine . 4 4 to 4 6 The best Black Tea 4 8 to 5 0 Being recommended from the best shipments . ; Green Teas . Twankay 3 6 Better ditto . 3 8 to 310 Hyson Twankay 4 0 to 4 4 Fine Young Hyson 4 8 to 5 0 Hyson 5 0 to 5 4 Ditto , -Fine Flavoured 5 8 to 6 0 Fine Pearl Gunpowder 5 S to O 0 Mixed Teas . To drinkers of Mixed Teas we say , try our 4 0 Or our splendid mixture of all Fine Teas 5 0 Coffees . Ordinary Ceylon 1 0 to 1 2 Thereople ' sCoffi . ' e 1 4 Old Java . ' . 1 S Fine Jloch . i , Jamaica , or any other fine Coffee , strongly recommended 1 8 2 f . B . Grocers , Coffte-shop Keepers , Co-operative Stores , andaU large consumers supplied on theniostliberal terms .

      Ad00411

      WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . Adjournment of tlie Jfidsummer Sessions for the Trial of Felons , dx . NOTICE IS HEUEBY GIVEN , that the Midsummer General Quar ter Sessions of the Peace , for the West Hiding of the County of York , will he holden by adjournment , at Wakefield , on Wednesday , the Tenth day of September next , at Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , and by urther adjournment from thence will be holden at Sheffield , on Friday , the Twelfth day of the same month of September next , at Half-past Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , for the Trial of Felons and Persons indicted for Misdemeanors , when all Juror . , Suitors , Persons who Etand upon . Recognizance , and others having business at tlie said Sessions , are required to attend the Court . Prosecutors and Witnesses in cases of Felony and Misdemeanor from the VV : i ] . oiitalies of StaincUffe and Eiveross , Claro , Ainsty . Aghri » g and Morley . Skyrack and Barkstonnsh , mast attend the Sessions at Waktfield ; and those from tlie Wapentakes of Struffurth and Tichhill , Osgoldcross aud Staiucross , being the remainher of tbe West Hiding , must attend the Sessions at Sheffield . C . H . Elslet , Clerk of the Peace . Clerk of tlie Peace ' s Office , Wakefield , ISth August , 1 S 45 .

      Ad00412

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . * We are always gratified in noticing the laudable exertions of the industrious and provident among our fellow-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far as human foresight may do , the calamities attendant upon an old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and uselessness , through sickness or accident ; and wc will venture to say , that np to the extremelimit of what is called the middle class of society , there is no method so likely to attain the object as the institution of securel y based and judiciously regulated Benefit Societies . Ourattention was some time since called to the subject by the proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled under ihe title of ' THE JtOYAL OAK BENEFIT SOCIETY , * and established at the Mitre Tavern , St . Jfartin ' s-lane . The advantages proposed to the members appear to be calculated upon a . scale of liberality that requires und deserves extensive support , From the result of our examination of their rules , and the satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as highly deserving attention , whether viewed with leference to its immediate or its prospective advantages . 'WeciU ) Chronicle , March , 1838 . I ^ BLLOW BRETHREN , look to your own interests , and hasten to join that well-regulated Benefit Society , THE BOYAL OAK , established 1837 . The Committee meet at tho Mitre Tavern , CS , St . Martin ' s-lane , every Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for the admission of Members whose ages do not exceed thirty-six years , being in good health , and their income arising from their business or employment averaging 24 s . per week . The Society is enrolled by Act of Parliament , and is conducted upon an economical and secure p rinciple . All unnecessary fines are abolndicd , and it allows the members to be * long to any other society , at the same time being a member of tlie Royal Oak . It has paid every demand made upon its funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 00 ( 1 , and has a Funced Capital of £ 3 , 000 invested in tho Bank of England , ihe interest of -which produces the Societ y upwards of £ 100 per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing Ju the country , however distant , are eligible for admission , without personal attendance , by filling a printed form and transmitting it to the Secretary . Look around , and see the -number of Societies breaking up , when most needed , In cmsequenei of thi extra payments on a Quarterl y Meeting bring too heavy for a working man to meet on a sadden demand . This Society boasts of the much wanted principle of a Fixed Quarterly Payment , there being no extras , as in most others ; the Subscription is 4 s . per Calendar Month , or payable Quarterly , and no Fines ; so that every member , however distant , is enabled to send by Post-office Order the full amount of his Quarterly Subscription . The following are the Benefits of the Society : — £ s . Ia Sickness , per week ... 0 18 Superannuation , ditto ... 0 4 Funeral f De * tU of a Member 20 < n Thesebenefits money \ Beath ofMeinber ' s Wife 10 0 I arechargedas Wife ' s Ljing-iu 2 0 | extrasinother _ Loss by Fire 15 0 J Societies . Entrance Money only 3 s . Gd . under thirty-two years of age—5 s . under thirty-six . I jose no time in enrolling your names wliile in health and v ,-our ( we know not what a day may brins forth ) . The Rules may be seen ( gratis ) at the Society House , or purchased , price Cd . each . Printed Forms and Prospectuses sent to any part of the country , free , bv enclosing a postage stamp to the S ecretary , H . Huu b , 17 . Crileonrt , St . Martin ' s-iau ? , London .

      Ad00413

      AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , DC , Waterloo-road , Liverpool . THE Subscribers continue to despatch first-class Packets to UEW YORK , BOSTON . QUEBEC , MONTREAL , PHILADELPHIA , NEW ORLEANS , and ST , JOHN ' S , N . B . They are also Agents for the New Line of New York Packets , comprising the foUowing magnificent ships : — Tons . To Sail . Hottingueb 1150 6 th September . LivEnrooi . 1150 Cth October . Who have also , For New York St . Patrick 1150 tons . „ „ Republic 1100 „ „ „ Empire 1 * 200 „ „ „ Sheffield 1000 „ „ Boston ............ Lama 1000 „ „ Philadelphia Octavius 900 „ „ New Orleans Geo . Stevens 800 „ „ „ Thos . H . Perkins ... 1000 „ Passengers going to the Western States and Canada can know the actual outlay to reach any important point on the Lakes and Uivers by obtaining one of Tapscott ' s Emigrant ' s Travelling Guides , which can be had by sending postage stamps for the same to George Rippard and Son , and William , Tapscott , as above .

      Ad00414

      NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . TK 5 57 ndersigne < i continue to engage Passengers for Krst-Class Fast-Sailing AMERICAN PACKET SHIPS , which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the following Ports , viz .: — KEW YORK , 1 BOSTON , WIILADELPHIA , | NEW ORLEANS , BALTIMORE , 1 BRITISH AMERICA , & c . Emigrants in tlie oountry ca . - engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; in .-atu * b case they need not be in Liverpool until tlie day before the Ship is to sail ; and th-ft- will thereby avoid detention and other expenses , besides securing c cheaper passage , and having the best betflhs allotted to them previous to their arrival . For farther particulars apply , post-paid , to JA 3 IES B 5 CKETT & SON . North End Prince ' s Dock , Liverpool .

      Ad00415

      EMIGRATION TO THE CAPE OF GOOD * HOPE . i ? REE PASSAGE ; under the sanction of Government . The undersigned are authorised by her Majesty ' s 'Colonial Land aud Emigration Commissioners to grant a free passage to the above eminently healthy and prosperous Colony to married Agricultural Labourers , Shepherds , Male and Female Domestic and Farm Servants , Bricklayers , Carpenters , Masons , and Smiths , of sober and industrious character . The demand for labour at the Cape is urgent , and is well remunerated in wages , provisions , clothing , and lodging . All particulars will he furnished on application , personally , or hy letter , to Jolin Marshall and Co ., 2 G , Birchin-lane , Cornhill , London ; or 79 , High-street , Southampton .

      Ad00416

      EVERY MAN MAY HAVE A HOUSE OF HIS OWN Second Stebonheatli Provident Investment Assocvition . TO ADVANCE MONEY to MEMBERS to BUILD or PURCHASE PROPERTY upon the Security of the Property Purchased , the rent of which will aid in re-paying the amount advanced . TfiCSTEES . J . E . Bromley , Esq ., 7 . Rodney-terrace , Bow . H . B . Walmesley , Esq .., 24 , New-road , Whitcchapel . G . F . White , Esq .., 45 , Gloucester-terrace , Commercialroad . With twenty Directors ( who act gratuitously ) . FIFTH SUBSCRIPTION Payable at the GEORGE INN , Commercial-road , Stepeny , on FRIDAY , 3 rd October , 1 S 15 , at 7 p . m . Tlie Entrance Fee will be 5 s ., at the meeting , and still further increased as the Societyprogresses . Near 400 Shares Registered , and £ 7 S 0 awarded to Shareholders . Read the Rules which have been greatly improved , and additional facilities given to Purchasers . Redemption Money ceases at the end of ten years . Members assisted to Buy at Auctions . The Widows or Children of Members may withdraw all the subscriptions paid in . ££ per cent , discount allowed on all Subscriptions paid in advance . Prospectuses ( gratis ) , by sending stamp for reply , to Mr . E . J . SOUTHWELL , 80 , Jubilee-street , Stepney . "

      Ad00417

      EXTRAORDINARY ECONOMY TO TEA DRINKERS . THE DESIRE OF ENGLAND . —The PIQUA PLANT , now sold at 8 s . Cd . per lb ., is three times the strength of tea , and is also equal in flavour , more delicate in taste , infinitely more healthy , as is proved by physicians and chemists of high standing , also by persons in great num . hers with the most delicate lungs and stomachs . It is most pleasant and invigorating , and is recommended to the debilitated for its invaluable qualities , to advanced age for its strengthening properties , and to the public generally for its moderate price and intrinsic excellence . The Test . —The proof of the efficacy and healthful effect of the p lant in preference to tea or collce : —Let a nervous or dyspeptic patient use two or three cups of strong tea upon retiring to rest , and the effect will be night-mare , disturbed sleep , and other violent symptoms of indigestions , ic . The Peoof . —Let the most debilitated , dyspeptic , asthmatic , consumptive , and nervous patients use two , three , or more cups of a very strong infusion of the Piqua Plant , and in the morning they will awake refreshed with their repose . It is highly recommended by physicians to invalids and children as a most invigorating and pleasant beverage . The following are reasons why the Piqua Plant is superior to tea , viz .: — 1 st . Because it is beneficial to health . 2 nd . It does not injure the nerves . 3 rd . Children may use it with advantage to health . 4 th . It docs not prevent sleep . 5 th . A quarter of a pound will go as far as three quarters of a pound of the best gunpowder tea . Cth . lt is strengthening and nutritious . 7 th . Itis recommended by physicians , and tea is disapproved of by them . It greatly improves the voice ; it is recommended to singers and public speakers . TESTIMONIALS . 50 , Edgeware-road , July 1 st , 1 S 13 . Sir , —The beverage under the name of Piqua Plant I have drank for some time . It was first recommended to my notice as a salutary beverage by a friend , who is a great dyspeptic , and I have since recommended it to several patients suffering from chronic affections of the digestive organs , heart , and lungs , with manifest advantage . —I am , sir , yours , & c , To Mr . Wm . Evans . Jons Bbtant , M . D . 13 , Louther-street , Whitehaven . Sir , —I am nearly out of the plant again . My sale has doubled since I sent the last order ; indeed , it is fast finding its way among some of the best families in the town , and is highly approved of . Please send me SQlbs . immediately . —Yours , very respectfully , To Mr . Wm . Evans . J . Bouste &» . Dover-road , Southwark . Sir , —I am much pleased with your Piqua Plant ; and I find that a portion of it mixed in the tea-pot with tea , is a very great improvement to any teaj particularl y green tea . —Yours , & c ., To Mr . Wm . Evans . G . B . Belvidere-place , Borough-road , July 17 th , 1843 . Sir , —I have great pleasure , and indeed I consider it an imperative duty , in justice io you , and for the benefit of others , to bear testimony to the excellent qualities of the Piqua Plant . It has wholly removed a constant painful nervous debility with which I was affected , which produced restless nights , and consequently overpowering langour during tbe day . Since the use of the infusion , tlie disease has entirely disappeared . I sleep soundly often for six , seven , and eight hours together , and am better in health than I hare been for many years ; and others , to whom I have recommended it , have experienced the same beneficial results . Yen are at liberty to use this testimonial , which I am ready to confirm in person any day you think proper . —I am , sir , your obedient servant , To Mr . Wm . Evans . G . Tahoubdin . Numerous testimonials from physicians , and others , of undoubted authority , may be seen at Evans ' s depot . The plant is patronised by many of the first families in the land . The economy derived from the use of the Piqua Plant , compared with tea , is as follows : —Hb . of the plant will go as far as lib . of tea . Sold wholesale and retail , at the proprietor ^ , Evans ' s depot , No . 1 , Savoy-street , Strand , London , in quartcrpound tinfoil packages . None is genuine unless each package bears the signature of Wm . EVANS . ij ® One Agent wanted in each town and village where there is none . Any respectable trade approved of . So licence required .

      Ad00418

      THE variable state of the WEATHER has produced the numerous cases of low fever and debility existing at present , and is a sure indication of habitualcostiveness caused generally by want of care iu attending to the state of the digestive visceral organs . The only real remedy in such cases is LORD ELDON'S APERIENT PILLS , which have been the means of positive cure to many thousands ; they are peculiarly adapted for persons of both sexes who are of sedentary habits , they are patronised by the nobility and gentry , and are the mildest and most efficacious medicine extant . Sold in boxes at Is . lld ., 2 s . 3 d ., and 4 s . Cd ., by Messrs . Barclayand Co ., 95 , Farringdon-street ; Sutton and Co ., 10 . Bow Church-yard ; Newbury , 45 , and Edwards , 65 , St . Paul ' s ; Sanger , 150 , Oxford-street ; and by all respectable Druggists and Medicine Venders in tbe kingdom ; aud wholesale at 13 , Great St . Thomas Apostle , London . TESTIMONIAL TO LOBD ELDON ' S PILLS . Sib , —I have subjected to a careful chemical analysis the Pills prepared by you , and find them to consist of effectual but safe aperients without any mercurial preparation whatever . Tours , < fcc , A . URE , M . D ., F . R . S . 13 , Charlotte-street , Bedford-square , London .

      Ad00424

      A HINT TO THE ECONOMICAL . T / n r ^ iicr ce iiC jaued . ALL Persons who wish to save their mor Cy , will purchase their HATS at DUNN'S MANUFACTORY , 82 , Chiswcll-street , Finshury , where tl jere is onl y one profit from the maker's hand to the w , earor ' s head . Silk Hats from 2 s . 9 d ., Beaver ditto from 3 s . Gd . AU goods warranted to be made from the b ^ st materials .

      Ad00425

      COLOSSEUM . PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY and Ms Royal Highness Prince ALI 1 ERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art" in its various branches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Purvis , & c . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all the temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is . extra , EVENINO EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising 40 , 000 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted by Mr . Danson and Mr . Tclbin . The Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent l » y night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique , Tho whole exhibition designed by Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door fls . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to be had at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six ; and at all the principal Librari - •? and Musicscllcrs .

      Ad00423

      HARE ON SPINAL DISEASE . THIS day is published , price 2 s . Gd ., CASES and OBSERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial results which may be obtained by close attention nnd perseverance in some of the most chronic and unpromising in . stances of spinal deformity ; with eighteen engravings on wood . By Samuel Hake , M . R . C . S . London : John Churchill , Princes-street ; and may be had of all booksellers .

      Ad00421

      THE QUEEN ! TRIUMPH FOR THE PICTORIAL TIMES . ' fTUlE FULL LENGTH X PORTRAIT of Her Majesty QUEEN VICTORIA in her Robes of State ( size 20 in . by IS ) , exquisitely engraved , and equal to prints Sold at Five Guineas , will be issued on SATURDAY , SEPT . 20 th . The PicToniAt Times of that day will also contain an original History of the Illustrious House of Brunswick , with Illustrations of the principal events of the present reign , EVERY LOVER of his SOVEREIGN and COUNTRY SHOULD POSSESS THIS GRAND NATIONAL PICTURE . Orders ouhg t to be immediately given to any Bookseller er Newsvendor in the Kingdom . The Price of the Engraving , with the paper , will be One Shilling , or both can be forwarded free of expense to any party remitting 13 postage stamps to the publisher , C . E vans , OFFICE , 351 , STRAND , LONDON .

      Ad00422

      WEST-RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . WAKEFIELD ADJOURNED SESSIONS . N OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , that the Midsummer General Quarter Sessions of the Peace , for the West-Riding of the County of Y « rk , will be held hy adjournment in the Committee-Room , at the House of Correction , at Wakefield , on Thursday , the 18 th Day of September Instant , at Eleven o'Cloek in the Forenoon , for the purpose of inspecting the Riding Prison , ( the said House of Correction ) and for Examining the Accounts of the Keeper of the said House of Correction , making Enquiry into the conduct of the Officers and Servants belonging the same ; and also into the behaviour of the Prisoners , and their Earnings . C . H . ELSLEY , Clerk of the Peace . Clerk of the Peace ' s Office , Wakefield , 1 st September , 1815 .

      Ad00420

      JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . Gd ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES : A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . tcfT Orders from tbe Country to be sent through the Booksellers .

      The Northern Star. Saturday, September 6,1845.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 6 , 1845 .

      Ireland Ruined By " Small Farms." The Se...

      IRELAND RUINED BY " SMALL FARMS . " THE SECRET DISCLOSED : HOW TO GET TO " LIVE C 0 MF 0 RTAM . V AND WEH . " A week or two ago , in an article explanatory of the system of tenure that exists in the Island of Guernsey , and its beneficial effects in causing the whole Isle to bo cultivated like a garden , we combatted the objection with which the advocates for a similar use of the soil in this country are constantly met by those whose interest it is to keep the manufacturing labourmarket over-stocked , that they may give to labour as small a "SHARE" of its own productions as an

      active and unnatural competition of labourer with labourer for a crust of bread will enable them . That objection is : "Do you want to make a Ireland of England ? Is not Ireland the country of * Small Farms ? ' And what has the small farm system done for Ireland ? Is not the Irish the most miserable people on the face of the earth ? " That objection we met , on the occasion referred to , by adducing the case of Guernsey , where the Small Farm System entirely abounds ; where the average size of the farms is five acres ; where there are no large farms ; where there are no laws of primogeniture nor laws of entail ;

      where the tekdre is as SECURE to the holder and to his posterity , as if the fee simple was his own ; where every yard of ground in a farm is turned to good account ; where there is every inducement to farm high , and adopt every improvement in culture , because the benefit accrues to those who labour ; where plenty and substantiality everywhere abound ; where "machine-breaking , "and " rioting , "and "SWING " are unknown ; and where every one is happy and contented in his station , because lie enjoys the fruits of his own industry : we say , we adduced this case of Guernsey , where the small farm system is in full

      operation , and where these things are THE RESULTS of that system founded on a just tenure ; we adduced this case in answer io those who point us " to Ireland" for " an exemplification of the system of small farms , " and contended that it was not the small farms in Ireland that had-reduced , or tended to reduce her people to the awful condition they are found in , but the want of those requisites to all successful farming , whether on a large or small scale—SEConiTT op tenure and a fair rent . Since then our position has received a remarkable confirmation , with which we , on the present occasion , intend to make the reader acquainted .

      During the last two years wo have often had to point to the fact—the great fact—that the Condition-of-England question has forced itself on the attention of all classes in society ; and more especially on tliosc ivho live without producing . The day of rampant authority and supercilious bull-frogism has gone hy ; and the cry of the hungry is no longer met with the insulting toast : "the land we live in ; those that do not like , damn ' em , let ' em leave it . " There is now a sober earnestness exhibited in the bearing and conduct of a great portion ot the " upper " and " middle" classes ; and the toil-worn complainers

      are not now met on every hand with the unjust designation of "disaffected ragged rabble ; " much less have wo gagging-bills , and power-of-iroprisonment bills , and SIX ACTS , brought in , and hastily passed , to put down the efforts of labour to make its wrongs known . On the contrary , there is an evident disposition on many hands to listen to the tale of woe that the producers have to relate , and to turn the eye of searching inquiry into such a channel , that the actual condition of the labourer shall be manifest to

      all . Of this fact , the numerous efforts to improve the sanatory condition of our largo cities and towns is a proof . The inquiries that have been instituted on this head have brought wealth in actual contact with squalid poverty , and caused it to stand aghast at the horrid realities it found in existence . The facts it thus became acquainted with it published for the information of others . Th ose facts were of so startling and alarming a nature , that they arrested much of public attention , —meaning by the phrase

      Ireland Ruined By " Small Farms." The Se...

      " public" in this case , those who are well-to-do . It is true that a fear of the consequences to themselves from the awful state of things dis .- ' oied , w . -. s a great prompting cause to sympathy and action "; for fevers and epidemics are not confined to the quarters of the poor when they break out with violence : but still that anything would arrest the attention of these classes , and cause them to ascertain something of the condition of the workers , with a view to melioration , is proof of a better feeling than that which obstinately met all complaint with insolent denial , and all effort to better a miserable condition with the dungeon and the hangman ' s halter . Of this fact , too , the conduct of the tress affords conclusive proof . Let any one but contrast the tone and tendency of the Times NOW with the " bloody old Times" of 1 S

      17-18-10 : and the Times even of 1830-34 . In the difference between the two , they will see a world oi progress ! In 1817 the Times was the abettor , the constant inciter of gagging Acts and suspensions Of the Habeas Corpus Act . It was the constant bawler for coercion ; and it acquired its characteristic cognomen , "Old Bloody , " from the ferocity with which it constantly sought tlie blood of the Reformers , who were then doing what so many parties are now obtaining credit for doing , —turning attention to the wrongs and woes of the labouring many , and seeking to secure for them a greater " SHARE " of the good things they cause to bo . There was this difference between the efforts of the Reformers then and the efforts of the new-born converts now ; that had the advice of the Reformers been followed at the latter end of the war and on the occasion of

      peace , many of the evils that have since scourged us as a nation , would have been unknown ; and instead of the middle and upper classes awaking to-day to he humiliating conviction that poverty and its attendant misery is the lot of those who produce all the wealth , and that our "high state of civilization " is but a volcano , which may any day burst forth and bury the whole social fabric in ruin , they would have been a portion of a happy , powerful , and contented people . In 1830 , the Times T / as still the "bloody old Times" to the agricultural labourers of Hampshire and Wiltshire , when poor Cook , of Milcheldever , ivas HANGED for striking at Bingham Baiuno , without doing him any harm ! and when

      scores of fathers and sons , whom want had driven to desperation , were transported across the seas . Again , in 1834 . the Times was true to its " old scent of blood " when it called for bludgeons and brickbats to put down the procession of Labour ' s sons to the Minister , to obtain the release of the poor illegally persecuted and transported Dorchester labourers ! But now , llpw changed I Now the Condition-of-England question is "the great card" of the Times—its distinguishing characteristic . Ever since the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act , it has set its face against the hard-hearted Malthusian doctrine of which that detestable measure was an embodiment . The necessity that the Times was thus under to meet

      the sophistries of the " feelosophicai" school , rendered it incumbent on its conductors to make themselves acquainted with tacts ; and particularly with the facts as to the condition of those for whom the " tender mercies" of the New Poor Law were intended . Hence we have had the Times sending its " own correspondent" into disturbed portions of the country , to in q u i re on the s p ot , not on ly i n to t h e immediate moving causes of the particular disturbances , but also into the actual condition of the different classes in the neighbourhood ; and how far the social oppressions inflicted by the rich and endured by the poor had led to the outbreaks which made property insecure . Hence , we had the Times ' s

      correspondent m Wales , attending on the efforts of Rebecca to make the wrongs of the Welsh farmers known to the world ; and he so far aided Rebecca as to make the world familiar with a case of gross oppression that excited general astonishment . Hence also we had the same " correspondent" in Norfolk and Suffolk , when SWING at the beginning of this year seemed inclined to renew the times of 1830 , when fires blazed nightly in every county in England—fires raised by a maddened " peasantry "—maddened by having to take with them to the harvest-field " cold potatoes in a bag , " and by the prospect before them of having to entirely subsist on Irish diet ! Hence we have since then had that same " correspondent" in the Highlands of Scotland , pointing out the beaidies in the "

      management" of the Duke of Sutherland—tbe mode of " clearing estates "—and the consequences to the sweeped-off poor , and to the nation at large . And hence we have now , this same " correspondent , "dignified with the title of "Commissioner , "—in derision of the circumscribed inquiries that Government now and then institute , —travelling through Ireland , and giving to the world the results of his observations on the condition of that most oppressed , most trodden-down people—laying bare the sources of that oppression—and indicating means that must alone he adopted to remedy a state of things which arc awful to think of and dangerous to continue . It is from the inquiries of this " Commissioner" that wc derive the confirmation of our position ; regarding Ireland and the small farm system , spoken of in a preceding paragraph .

      That confirmation we shall now give . We have to premise that it was in the county of Cavan , where Molly Maohire has been somewhat busy , that " Our Commissioner" commenced his observations ; and it is to that county in particular that the following extract refers : —¦ It is the object of my present letter to endeavour to prove by evidence , which it will be difficult to dispute , that the source of all mischief in Ireland—the real origin of every disturbance , and of almost every crime , is the icant of emplayment The commissioners recently appointed to inquire into the occupation of land in Ireland , in their report , page 11 ,

      state" Whatever difference of opinion may be put forward or entertained upon other points , the testimony given is unfortunately too uniform in representing the unimproved state of extensive districts , the want of employment , and the consequent poverty and hardships under which u large portion of the agricultural population continually labour . " The obvious remedy for this state of things is to provide remunerative employment , which may at once increase Ihe productive powers of the country and improve the condition of the people . " Let us , however , examine , and endeavour to prove to plain reason that this is an incontestible fact , and depends on no opinion . It is necessary , first , to see what is the field of occupation which the people have?—what is the scope for their industry ?—what the outlet for their natural increase ?

      The Census Commissioners of 1841 ( page 11 ) state the natural and uniform rate of increase of the fixed population to be 12 per cent , in the ten years from 1831 to 1811 ; yet the positive returns show an increase in the resident population of little more than 5 per cent . ; and they account for the remaining increase of 7 per cent , by estimating tlie'draughts , from Ireland , driven out to seek employment elsewhere , at 372 , 461 ; and they thus compute this enormous number from their returns : —

      From 1831 to 1811 . Emigration to the colonies - 428 , 471 — Great Britain . - 104 , 814 Recruits for the army - - - . 34 , u !) o — East India Company . 5 , 089

      572 , 404 So that we not only have Great Britain finding employment annually for upwards of 57 , 000 harvest labourers , but also fin an increase oi 104 , 814 labouvers , penwiiuentlv settled in Great Britain in ten years ; and the whole number of persons of Irish birth dwelling in Great Britain , ip June , 1841 , is stated to have been 419 , 256 . ( Census page 10 . ) So that a million of the population of Ireland of the present generation is permanentl y squeezed out of Ireland by want of employment , and driven to search itv a . liveli . hood hi Great Britain and our colonies , over and above the annual swarm that migrates during the harvest time . As neither trade nor manufactures , nor agricultural labour , apart from the occupation of the land , can give work to increasing population , and to those out of employment ( and with work of course the means of subsistence ) and as four-fifthsof the amount of existing employment or

      79 per cent ., is derived from the occupation of land for the most part in patches of from one to fifteen acre ' s it necessarily follows that tho struggle of the majority of the increasing population will be for the occupation of such a patch of land . As land also does not increase , but the population does , nnd the occupation of laud is nearly the only means of employment , and therefore of subsistence , which the country aftords . it follows that as no pollination will starve w . thout desperate efforts , or emigrate without struggles against this desperate remedy , nearly as intense , the obtaining and retaining possession of such a patch of land arc objects which enlist the strongest of human motives-the struggle for existence . It is existence with a patch of land : it is starvation without it . Every passion-every instinct of the human beart-is roused to obtain , and retain possession of the patch of land —the means of existence .

      Mr . Nichols , the Poor Law Commissioner , in his first report , in 1838 as to the propriety of establishing Poor Laws in Ireland , thus writes : — "The subdivision of the land into small holdings having destroyed the regular demand for labour , the on lv protection against actual want , the only means by which

      Ireland Ruined By " Small Farms." The Se...

      a man can proem :,, food for lr ' s family , is by getting and retaining possession of a portion of land ; for this , ho has struggled-for this the peasantry have combined , and burst throug ' A all the restraints of law and humanity . # * # # Land to them is the great necessary of Ufo . There is no hiring of servants . A man cannot ouciiin his living as a day labourer . He must get possession of a p lot of land , on which to raise potatoes , or starve It need scarcely be said that a mail will not Stai'VC so long as tho means of sustaining life can be obtained by force or fraud ; and hence the scenes of violence and bloodshed which have so frequently occurred m Ireland . " .. _ . . . . „ .....

      In this town from which I write ( Cavan ) I am informed , on tho best authority , and from several sources tbat the 1-ibourintr men of tho iiei l > boui-liood—those without land _« ° " u " : Zloycd nine months in the year ; and that there is "cneralemplovmentfor them only during the spring , and £ bamst time . I am told that , except during these Periods , from thirty to fifty may be seen at the market cross every morning , unemployed , waiting tor a job , and tint there is no demand for their work . During harvest their wages are Is . a-day . During the rest of the year the usual wages are 8 d . a-day , without food , or 4 s . a-week . Tliev have to pay 20 s . to 80 s . rent for their cottages , and if they rout a patch of land manured , or con-acre , for potatoes , they pay £ S an acre for it ! The evidence before the Land Commission as to the county of Cavan shows this . Four shillings a-week for three months in the year for a man and his family to subsist upon >

      Can wc wonder at the desperate intensity of the struggle for land—at the passions which are roused at being dispossessed , with this only resource of slow starvation , of scarcely animal existence—as the horrible alternative ? From various motives , the propriety of which I will not now step aside to inquire into ; some from the conviction of its absolute necessity ; some from a desire to consolidate farms and improve cultivation ; some , it is said , from motives of bigotry , in order to substitute tenants of one faith for those of another some because they had a tuiv bulent tenantry ; some because they could get no rent ,

      landlords have continually ejected tenants without providing them a substitute for the means of existence which the patch of laud afforded them , \ iliat 1 wish now to confine attention to is the bare fact of an ejectment , and its consequence , without reference to any motive whatever which may have caused it . The-Laud Occupation Commissioners quote tlie evidence of Dr . Doyle bef . re the select committee of 1830 , to inquire into the state of Ireland , as to the effect of these ejectments , from whatever cause they may proceed . It will be found quoted in p . 0 of the report of Lord Devon ' s commission

      ;" It would be impossible for language to convey an idea of the state of distress to which the ejected tenantry have been reduced , or of the disease , misery , and oven vice which they have propagated in the towns wherein they have settled ; so that , not only they who have been ejected have been rendered miserable , but they have carried with them , and propagated thai misery . They have increased the stock of labour ; they have rendered the habitations of those who received them more crowded ; they have given occasion to the dissemination of disease ; they have been obliged to resort to theft , and all manner of vice and iniquity , to procure subsistence ; but , what is the most painful of all , a vast number of them have perished from want . "

      Need we travel into theolotrical strife , or into political ci-otc ! iots , aboutRepeal ; need weexamineintothe Catholic faith , or into questions about Protestant ascendancyinto the necessity of general endowments-in order to seek an elucidation of the cause of outrages iu Ireland , with these facts before us % Ejected from his land , without other means of living , the Irish tenant is rendered desperate by the prospect of starvation . Turn whichever way Ue will , an impossibility of obtaining subsistence faces hiin . Need wc wonder that outrages and combinations to resist ejectment , even to death , grow up from such seed ? Now , what is the "Moll y Maguiueism" which has disturbed this county ? It is the same as " P . ibandism , " say the magistrates , in their placards offering rcwarus for the apprehension of " Molly Maguires . " Well , what is "Hibandism ? " In tho evidence taken before a com . mittee of the House of Lords , upon the state of ciime in Irelandin 1830 at

      , , Question 5000 . Major Brown ( Commissioner of Dublin Police ) says , "' IUbandisin' is of the same nature as NVlntefootism . '" ] 0 , 23

      " Molly Maguireism" then , is , in fact , but the embodiment of the spirit of discontent ; it is an old-existing malady with a new name . True ! most true ! Molly Maguikeism is but "the embodiment of the spiiit of discontent , " and can discontent be wondered at , under such a state of things as this writer has described ? Would not the people doomed to starve be very slaves in soul , if they were not "discontented : " and if discontent be there , will not it naturally " embody itself as naturally as that fire burns , or that water seeks a level ? Nay , is it not a wonder that discontent has not " embodied "

      itself to more intrpose than it has hitherto aimed at ? Not that it should be matter of surprise that human life should be disregarded under such circumstances as the Knics'sCoMMissiosER details , and that "Estateclearing Landlords" should be shot down in the streets like so many , dogs , or the "takers" of "cleared" land burnt to death under tho roof-tree of the house they so occupy : for bend the mind to a full consideration of the whole matter ; see whole families driven off the only hold for existence ' they possess ; see them perishing on the road-side ; see aU this , and see the landlord or agent within reach , and then the surprise will be , not that some one of these is occasionally sacrificed to the " wild justice of revenge , " but that one of the race is left to tell the

      tale , or that one of the " clearance-occupiers" appears above the sod he tills ! Tes ! Molly Maguiueism IS " tlic embodiment of the spirit of discontent ; " and so was the cry for Reform in 1817 , which made the Times , —who now is the means of uttering a bold and important truth relative to popular disquiet is its worst form , —call for the blood of the Reformers ! So also were the occurrences in Wales in 1839-40 , as well as those in that country in 1842 , though the Times did its best to get the noose around the neck of John Fkost , while it gave utterance to the wrongs of " a class" at the later period , and was instrumental to a change in their condition in relation to their then object of combination and attack . The burnings of SWING in 1830 and in 1844-5

      were also " cmlodiments of the spirit of discontent . " a discontent which is not allayed , but merely smouldering , ready to burst forth again , whenever some act of more than ordinary petty tyranny shall give the " wild justice of revenge " a direction . If our rulers are ivise they will ponder well on tho great political truth contained in the . above few words of " Our Commissioner , " and apply that truth to practice , not only to the effectual " putting down" of « Molly Macuireism in Ireland , but also the destroying propensities of SWING in England . Such effectual" putting down" can only be by removing the CAUSE of the " discontent" of which these acts are the " embodiment : " in other words , by enabling the labourer to enjoy his fair

      " SHA . RE" of the wealth his labouv causes to abound ; or , in other words , still enabling him to be " FIRST partaker of the fruits . " Before we depart with * ' Our Commissioner" from the county of Cavan , ivhre the labouring mm are « nemployed nine months in the year , let us just see whether all the land in that county is fully occupied , either by small or large farmers . The writer says : — The field of agriculture is capable of extension , both by improvements and by increasing the cultivated surface . The Land Commissioners state in their report that there

      are 72 , 000 acres of unimproved land in the county of Cavan ; that 20 , 000 aeres are capable of improvement for cultivation , and that v 8 , 000 might be drained for pasture , leaving 24 , 01 ) 0 acres on tlie summits of lofty hills , exceeding 1000 feet in elevation , which mav be considered as incapable of improvement ( page 50 ) . Hut this improvement has yet to be carried out , and the mere unemplovcd labourer is not the man who can carry it out . This source of employment depends on others-on those who have the lands and the means , as also does that perhaps wider source of occupation which improvement in the system of agriculture would afford .

      Leaving the facts here stated to he conned over by those who are puzzled what to do to find employment for the starving Irish , let us accompany " Our Commissioner , " in his search after more facts , and cspeciallyafterthosewhichbeanmon onrricw of the smallfarm system—or rather no-system—of Ireland . From Cavan our writer went to the county of Leitrim ; and at Baliinamore in that county he wrote as follows : — This county is in the centre of the " KIollv Maguire" disturbances . Numerous robberies of arms have taken place , threatening notices have been common , and some very shocking assassinations have been committed in it In the early part of the year the sti pendiary magistrate of the district , Captain M'Leod , was shot dead in his car close to the lodge of a gentleman ' s house , where he hud been dining , near this town ,

      Well , now , here the " Commissioner" is , in the midst of the small farms : what has he to say respecting them ? Hearken : — The general rule throughout the country—there are exceptions , but the general rule-is , not to give either leases or agreements , which , as a protection to both landlord and tenant , are equivalent to leases . Since the "real political struggle previously to the passing of the Catholic Emancipation Act , when the landlords were beaten throughout Ireland at the general election , and their tenants polled almost to a man against them in favour of the advocates of Catholic emancipation , the topic of tint day , the landlords have generally refused leases . But I con-

      Ireland Ruined By " Small Farms." The Se...

      fine myself now to this county , where this is the l . u . t For the most part , therefore , the tenants are tenants . it will / Point out any slovenliness to any tenant , ask mm why he does not keep his farm tidy , and try to insprcve if , his answer immediately is . " What is the use cf impmmntf to have it valued on me at the rent-day , and be made to pay a , hiahcr rent for if ? " It is customary here to burn the surface of the soil of land intended to bo cultivated . This lias the effect of manuring for a year , but leaves tho soil afterwards comp letely exhausted and barren . It will grow nothing for years afterwards but ragweed , till natural grass gradually creeps over it again . Ask a tenant why he does not collect manure through the winter to manure his land , instead of smoking iu his mud hut , and burning his shins over his peat fire , doing nothing , and he tolls you . " H 7 iat is the use of collecting manure to raise a . good crop ? for if the agent sees it he says , ' Oh , that ' s good I ' . ind , yoiir . iitH put / mere rent for it , * and the benefit of the manure goes to the landlord , whilst I am as be / ore , kept down

      to my dry potatoe and water . In fact , he practically acts up to the adage , that" it is better to play for nothing than to work for nothing . " I am informed by those who cannot be mistaken , that if a lease falls in here , the agents ( for there are no resident landlords here ) , no matter how deserving the tenant may bo , conceive they have but one duty to perforin—to get as much rent as they can for their principals . Every motive of self-interest impels them to tin s , for according' to the Quantum of rent is the quantum . of commission they receive . They immediately advertise for proposals , and the land is thus let by tender , generally to the highest bidder . Any stranger from tho " black north" ( as they call it here ) , or from the wilds of Connaught , may come in and bid against the former tenant , and outbid the man who made the land . The man who has reclaimed a piece of red bog , or a barren hill side , whose sons and daughters haee often carried blue gravel on their backs to put on land not worth 2 s . an acre , and whose industry has made it worth 20 s . an acre , gets not a farthing

      ALLOWED BUI IV HIS LANDLORD FOR THE UlrKOVEMESTS EFFECTED on ins faiiji j and , if he wishes to continue ' on the same land , he must pay the utmost farthing of rent for that which his industry alone has made worth anything , ami must BID MORE FOR IT THAN AKY STRANGER WHO CHOOSES ro compete against him . In this way more rent is often offered than the land can possibly pay . If you ask the man why he bid so much for his farm , and more than he knew he could pay , his answer is , "What could I do ? Where was I to go ? I know I cannot pay tho rent , but what could I do 1 Would you have me go and bog i" In this manner the utmost worth of the land , beyond mere subsistence—I am assured beyond dry potatoes and water , —is extracted from the tenants , and the tenants , seeingthe inutility of productive labour , so far as they arc

      concerned , seeing- that whether they work or play they get little beyond mere subsistence , settle down content with subsistence . The value of their labour is not secured to themselves ; they have not the reward of labour ; they do not find their stock , over and above paying the rent and the cost of their own consumption , increase , no matter what efforts they make . Is it not human nature that those efforts , beyond obtaining mere subsistence , which they must and will have , will not , under such circumstances , be great ? I believe I state the opinion of tho most intelligent resident magistracy , "that if something be not done ere long to raise the condition of the people and afford employment , the people cannot be kept quiet , and that property in Ireland will be worth nothing . "

      But what can be done ? This is a social evil , and the remedy must be a social one . The Government can do little to remedy it . If landlords will , no matter for what reason , thus act contrary to the plainest dictates of common sense , and , with perfect blindness to consequences , refuse to secure to men by fair leases or mutually protecting agreements the benefits of their own industry , and screw out of their tenants the utmost shilling beyond mere subsistence , a badly cultivated country and an impoverished anil indifferent tenantry are the certain growing results , which , with population increasing , without general employment-giving wealth increasing , must inevitably end iu disturbances , and in rendering " property in Ireland worth nothing . "

      There , now ; that is Ireland . But is that the small form system ? Is that anything like the Guernsey mode ? There the " bit of land " is as secure to the occupier as if it was his oum . There the rent is a /« fr one—not extortionate . There tho occupier has every inducement to improve : for all he grows after payment of a fixed rent , is his own , to use and enjoy . In Ireland , however , it is the reverse of this ; and the pointers to the case of Ireland , as an instance of " what small farms will do for a country , " know this fact very well . They know that a secure tenure leads a man to exertion—spurs on to industry—acts as a powerful incentive : for independence is seen to be attainable . Want of tenure leads , as we have just seen , to the contrary of all this ; creates a spiritless , s . ulless , idle population , subsisting on the veriest garbage , and content with a mere subsistence of this mean kind ! The one is

      the small farm system : the other is a state of perfect slavery in mind , body , and estate . One more extract from " Our Commissioner , " and we have done with him for tlie present . lie has now left Leitrim , and got into the county oi Fermanagh . He dates his communication at Enniskillcn , and opens thus : — I address my present letter from one of the most Orange and Protestant districts in Ireland . The town is well built and clean , the pop ulation orderly and industrious ; the country in the neighbourhood tolerably cultivated , and extremely fertile and beautiful ; and the small farmhouses as you approach the town from Leitvim neat and cleanly-looking , generally whitewashed over , aud having a well-trimmed thatch . Inglis , in his Journey through Ireland , thus speaks of the town of Enniskillcn : —

      " I found itoitc of the most respectable . looking towns I had seen in Ireland ; and its population by far the most respectable-looking that I had anywhere yet seen . I speak , of course , of the lower classes ; and I make no exception of cither Dublin , or Cork , or Limerick , or any other place . I saw a population—the first I had yet seen—without rags ; I saw scarcely a bare foot even among tbe girls ; there was a neat tid y look among the woman , who had not , as in other places , their uncombed hair hanging about their ears ; and the men appeared to me to have a decent farmer-like appearance . " The same author , in describing the roads from Baliinamore to this town , which route I came the other day , thus speaks of the country near Baliinamore , and thence to Enniskillen . At

      Baliinamore" There is a poverty-look about everjthing . Tho country is but half cultivated ; aud it supports a needy gentry , crushed farmers , and a miserable peasantry . After passing Swanlinbar , things improve . Improvement is visible in the aspect of j tlie country ; and a decided Improvement in the appearance of the houses aud their inhabitants . " To the general accuracy of this description I can fully bear testimony . Swanlinbar is on the borders of Ulster and Connaught ; on one side of it is the county of Leitrim , in Connaught ; on the other the county of Fermanagh , in Ulster . Orangemen and Protestants in this country , with more zeal than observation , and very well meaning English Protestants , but often very weak-minded men , on

      the platform of Exeter-hall , are in the habit of attributing this risible improvement in the province of Ulster to the effect of Orange poUtics and the Protestant religion . It bo happens that in Ireland generally Orangeism and Protestantism , and -Eiialisli or Scotch descent , may be used for synonymous terms , for they are usually embodied in the same individual—at any rate , this is so in the province of Ulster . If there be one characteristi'S ichich more than another distinguishes the lower class of the Celtic population , IT IS THAT TIIEY . ARE CONTENT TO LIVE HARDLY AND ITOH little ' . and , if there is any one quality te / defc duluijs ttfeftM the lower class of tlic Saxon race more , than another , it is this , thai however hard they may be content to work , they WILL live comfortably and well .

      It is because the poor Celt is content to put up with bad fare , and worse clothing and shelter , that he is n \ ad i to put up with them . It is because the man of Saxon descent WILL live comfortably and well , or if his exertions cannot accomplish this , make his grumblings heard awl felt , that he does live comfortably and well . Let any man of observation travel through the Celtic population of the county of Leitrim into the adjoining mixed population of the county of Fermanagh , and I think he must be convinced that race has more to do with the distinguishing characteristics of Ulster than either politics or religiotu At any rate , until itis proved that Orangeism and I ' rotestanism will add six inches to the average height and proportionate bulk to the men , and tall figures and good looks to the women , as well as a better dress , I shall continue of opinion that these great differences in the appearance of the people themselves , as well as tho difference which may be observed in their dress , and iu their hwses and mode of living , must chiefly be attributed to the characteristics of the race .

      Now , there's philosophy ! There ' s a secret woith knowing ! That beats all the " useful knowledge ' that Brougham , with his "best possible public instructor , " the Penny . Magazine , has taught tho people , during all the years he has been dinning i » into their ears that " divine Pro video ce" made i » m a lord , and ordained that they should maintain lnni . The "race" that are "CONTENT tojw * « J » wit bad fare and worse clothing and shelter , are MAJW ' to put up with them ; " while those who WILL live comfortably and well , or make their grumbling * ncar and FELT , DO live comfortably nnd well . " Fm G < "J that Molly MAooinEmay learn this truth ! and , 0 that it may be sounded in the ears of the seven shillings a-weck paid agricultural labourers of Engh " May both these belong to the " race" of grumblersand may they both make their grumblings heard a FELT !! if that alone will enable them to live comfortably and well !

      Faciony Laboub.—An Examplh Wonrnv Of L *...

      FAcionY Laboub . —An Examplh wonrnv of L * taiion . —Messrs . Norris , Svkes , and Fish er , i ¦ . very kindly reduced the hours of labour at J '" - establishment , Newton-mill , Iliulucrsueld , » " « twelve to eleven hours a day . This arrange will give the younger portion of their han ( l- v ]) CVC opportunity of attending an evening scliool , y they will be able to receive that instruction ,, . ' ' re for after life . The men also will »? vc tb * Jfc tlirfr of enjoyinsr more domestic romlort wji j ^ respective . families at home . Wc hope ti ^ j w - , th labours may in an especial manner he cro » % v 0 , tliy success , in return for this noble am pi' " - t '„ example , and that it will induce other mast adopt the Same system . — Leeds Mercury .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 6, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_06091845/page/4/