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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th March 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 8

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    • ii)ou$f of (JTommon^.
    • I'rinted b- , uuUiAli M'GOWAN .of 16, Great WindmilHiniU" street , " llayinarket, in tint City of Westminster, at then the:
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      The Northern Star. March 6, 1847. *Pv**A...

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      Monday , Mttca 1. (Glaiglasgow F05t.0ffi...

      MONDAY Mttca 1 . ( GLAiGLASGOW F 05 T . 0 FFICE . —Tbe Duke of Montbo . b implaimplained of the defective state of the postal arrangements -cuts at Glasgow , by which letters which arrived there an an accelerated mail at eight o ' clock in the evening eere nere not delivered until the following morning . The The Marquis of Clanric _ - _<>_ admitted the inconve-< ence , ence , stating that steps were taking to have au evening ' -iivt-r-iivrrj , if possible . LAI LABODRLVG POOR ( IRELAND ) BILL—The Maruais mis oi , Chsmc » m > e moved the second { reading of the labouabouring Poor ( Ireland ) Bill , after which the noble iiarquarqulg briefly stated its different provisions .

      Lur Lord Hbocghax did not intend to interpose any Ibj-ctlij-ctiou to the bill , as be considered that si paramount . icces ' . ecessity had arhen for the violation of the law lor rrhicbhich an act of tudemuity was now required . No such iiolatioiation should ever take place unless such necessity ( ouldould be plainly shown to exist , nor should it be coutinuediued a day longer than the necessity leraained for it . Aft After some remarks from Lords EUenborougb , Monti * g ' e * g ' e , and Fitzwilliam , Tb Tho Marquis of Lakpsdownb explained the delay whievhich had occurred in a pplying to Parliament for the llct del of Indemnity now before their lordships . The pressure ure of other business of a more important nature lo relarelaud , as providing for ber immediate relief , alone pre"entfented the povernment from more speedily pressing Vor * vior < vard the bill , which he hoped they would now consent in reo read a second time . Tt The bill was then read a second time .

      Tl TRANSPORTATION . —Earl Gbev moved the first ¦ ead-eading of two bills ; one for the purpose of amending ;; he ; he law as to the custoriy of offenders , ' and the other "cferefcrring to Millbank , Paikburst , and Pentonviile priiiocsocs . These bills were not of importance in themselves , : but but he wished to state that in moving the second reading : jf tbf them on Friday , he should state whatime & suris were lin in contemplation in consequtnee of the contemplated : ibaib » udonment of the punishment of transportation , 1 The house then adjournal TUESDAY , March 2 . 1 tAW OF SETTLEMENT . —The Duke of Richmond

      momoved for the appointment of a select committee toiuquiquireinto the operation of the Poor Removal Act of last see session . lie pointed out the difficulties which bad ariarisea in consequence of the interpretation put by the At Attorney-General aud the Solicitef-Gcneral on the wordinin ^ of this Act—a construction which its fr . imers had nc never contemplated . His Grace expressed his conviction th that this statute should be repealed , or a declaratory A Act should be pissed to enable Boards of Guardians to p « perform with uniformity -whatever the law require *! of tt them . The Marquis of Lamsdowme admitted that good parli liamentaty grounds had been laid for the committee , w which he wa * willing to agree to .

      Lord Brougham agreed with much that had fallen fi from the noble duke , and deprecated the haste and slo-- renliness with mhii-h acts were frequently p-ssed aboul t the close of each session , rendejlnjr it necessary to bring t the terms of most of them before the courts ot law , in 0 order to have them iuterpreted . Earl FtizwiLUA . it then presented a petition from the c county of Wicklow , praying for the government to lend i its aid for the introduction of railways into Ireland . In 1 laying this petition before the house the noble earl dwelt i at some length upon the necessity which existed for the ( government to employ the people of Ireland in reproduc-1 five works .

      Earl Gees was not sanguine enough to look to any measure which government might devise for au imnw tliate regeneration of Ireland . The foundation of all inv proveraetit in that country must be the better and more extensive cultivation of the soil . To that he looked with more hops for the pradual amelioration of the condition of Ireland , than to any great scheme of public improve , ment to which the government might be induced to lend its aid . L-jrd Mosteagle concurred with tliosa who thought that it was to ber own exertions that Ireland must eventually look for her permanent improvement . Nothing feat extreme ignorance , t . owever , of htr present condition , could lead any one to insist upon her being left at this moment to hi-r own unaided resources . Here the matter dropped , and their lordships adjourned .

      THURSDAY , Msacn 4 . THE LABOURING POOR ( IRELAND ) BILL went tbroogh committee , with a few verbal amendments . FRIDAY , Mabch 5 . CONVICT AND PRISONS BILL . —Earl Gbey moved the second reading of the t * o bills relating to convict di'cipliue ot which he bad given notice on a previous evening . The government had resolved , then , to make a change which amounted to nothing less than a total abolition of tbe system of transportation , except as regards convicts seni to Bermuda and Gibraltar , where the term transportation meant an entirely different system than that exercised in Australia . Instead of bein ; transported , convicts were to be kept at home , at first fer a certain period in separate confinement , and afterwards , when discharged from this preliminary state , employed for a stated time on public works ; the principle of this employment would be that the convicts were , to

      ' be subject to a system according to which they would have a great and direct interest in their own good conduct , and be enabled , by their industry and good conduct , ^ not only to abridge the period for which the . r punishment was to last , but also to tnj . iy certain imme-• iiite advantages . It was also intended that every convict who really conducted himself well , who worked Snoustriously , and did not incur any fresh punishment fur misconduct , should be enable to obtain his discharge at the termination of half the period for which be was sentenced . When this period was expired , a pardon would be granted to the offender , on condition of his emigrating from England ; and to assist him in carrying this intention into effect , the government proposed that criminals , during the latter period of their employment on the public works , should be allowed wages to nearly the full value of their labour , the money bring allowed to accumulate until the time for granting this pardon had arrived .

      Lord Brougham expressed a gvneral approval of the government plan . Lord Stanley , Lord Denman and the Duke of Richmond , expressed several doubts as to the propriety of the scheme . The bills were then read a second time , and the house adjourned .

      MONDAY . Mabcu 1 . WAGES IN SLIGO . —In answer to a question from Mr . TV . S . O'Brien , Mr . Labodchebe had made inquiries and had ascertained that the wages given to the labourers in Sligo amounted to only eightpence a day , and tbe reasons which had indnced tbe Board of Works to fix them at h-iairate were tfiese : —In the first place it was desired as much as possible to encourage task work , and the abourers getting eightpence a day were onl } [ those , who refused task work . Then it should be remembered that the ordinary wages for agricultural labour in Ireland were only sixpence a day , and it was extremely important that not more labour than was absolutely necessary should be diverted from the cultivation of the soil .

      Under these circumstances tbe board h . id thought it better to fix the wages at eightpence , providing for the cases where it was insufficient for the support of a family , by allowing more than one member of such family to be rated on tbe works . With reference to the other point , namely , the proportion which the expenses of the staff bore to the expenditure for labour , he bad made inquiries , and he could assure tbe hon . member that any apprehensions ou that subjtct were unfounded . The number of labourers employed on tlie public works in Sligo fluctuated between 19 and 22 , 000 . For these , there was -ne pay clerk for 1 , 250 Iabounrs , one overseer for every 40 , ani one check clerk for every 250 , tht expenses of the whole staff being £ 2 . 110 per month . This was . of course , exe ' uvsive of the inspectors * salaries , who were paid . ™ t of the Consolidated Fund .

      CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL { IRELAND } . —Lord 3 . Rcssell , in answer to Sir D . Xorreys , said that he was in constant communicetion with the lord-lieutenant of Ireland on this most important suV ^ rCt , and he was sorry fcsay that he was not at all satisfied that th » re was in Ireland sufficient land being prepared for tillage to supply the want of the potato , supposing none of the latter tu he sown . With respect to a proclamation recommending tillage , he did not think it at all desirable that government should interfere in such a question . ( Hear , hear ) He was quite sure that the lord-Leutcnant had already called the attention of th . ; landed proprhtors to the subject , and besides , he really thought that the proprietors and farmers themselves should be fully aware of the danger likely to arise from a failure in the quantity of food next season .

      WAYS AND MEANS—THE EIGHT MILLION LOA >" . —The Chan-cellos of the Excheqcee , after thanking the house fur the kind indulgence -which he had received at its hands ou a former occasiuu . Observed that te had then declared that , to meet the extraordinary demands made upon him for the relief of Ireland in her present state ol distress , he had determined to contract a loan of £ 8 , 000 , 00 " . It was a matter of satisfaction to liiui , that the house generally bad acceded a t once to the propriety of the loan which he then proposed ; and he now had to inform it he had that morning entered into engagements for a loan of £ 8 , 0110 , 000 . and that he was about to propose resolutions for the confirmation of those engagements . The govern , ment had on former occasions entered into loans without the knowledge of the house ; but that practice had not

      been uniform . On the last occasion on wlrch an Act of Parliament was passed for a loan it was passrd for a loan which bad been made some months previously . He had however tollowed a course which he deemed to be at once most respectful to the house and m st advantageous to tha public . The only question which he had afterwards to consider , was " on what terms he could most easily obtain the money and on consulting with the highest authoriteson the subject , it was deemed ihat the easiest tetms would be by giviiigS per Cent . Consolidated Stock , and by announcing that so much money roust be paid for every £ 100 of that stock . Two offers—which in point of fact were identical and made with previous arrangement—had been tendered to him that morning , namely , to give £ 8910 s . for i very £ 100 stock ; ard those terms he had felt himself justified in accepting . The

      Monday , Mttca 1. (Glaiglasgow F05t.0ffi...

      interest which be had engaged to pay for this loan , was £ 268 , 156 8 . i . per annum , which would be raised by the charge of the B : > nk for its management to £ 27 O , S 00- or in other words would be £ 3 7 s . Gd . percent , or 2 s . Gd . less than the Z \ per cent , which he was supposed to have mentioned a few nights ago . He had allowed no dis . count , and was only to give stock for the instalments as they were paid up , except in the case of the first instal .

      ment . In reply to a question from Mr . Hume , the right hon . gentleman further stated that the interest , if the whole loan were paid up , would commence from the 5 th of January last , but would not be paid till the 5 th of July next . If any one paid up his whole share of the loan before the 2 nd of July , he would be entitled to half a year ' s interest in July , nod again in next January ; but if he did not . pay up before that day , he would not receive half a year ' sinteresttill January next . Mr . Hume regretted that the government bad borrowed this loan in StOCk of a small denomination , as the public would lose largel y by it ; 8 , 000 , 000 of stock at £ 89 10 s . was a very bad bargain for the public . He hadnottheslightset doubt that this stock would be at

      a premium of three or four per cent , to-morrow . Government would have bren enabled to make a much better bargain bad it borrowed the money by public advertisement , and had accepted the offers of those who sent iu the Ion est tenders at the smallest rate of interest . He had just been informed that this new stock was already at a premium of 1 J per cent . Now that gave at once to the contractors a clear profit of £ 150 , 000 . The bargain of the Chancellor of the Exchequer had lost the country half a million of money . Mr . Williams also expressed his sorrow that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had followed in the beaten track of all his predecessors in office except Mr . Goul . burn . By the course which they had adopted £ 175 , 000 , « 00 had been needlessly added to the national debt . Prom the ordinary price of the funds at present , it was quite

      clear that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had thrown away at least 2 per cent , by his bargain . He ought to have got £ 1 sterling for his £ 1 stock . It appeared that £ 10 , 000 , 000 were wasted for Ireland , and that we had £ 9 . 000 , 000 of balances in the Exchequer . Now , if the Chancellor had issued 4 , 000 . 000 of Exchequer Bills at the increased rate of 2 d . a-day , they would still hava retained a considerable premium . He would then bave had but a very moderate sum indeed to borrow , supposing always that his estiaiate of the revenue for the coming year was correct . He protested against any addition to the national debt in time of peace . He thought that if the Chancellor of the Exchequer pur . sued the course which he ( Mr . Williams ) recommended , he would be able to fund bis Exchequer Bills at a convenient time , and would so be able to save a con . siderablesum to the public .

      The resolutions were then agreed to . On the Chair , hah moving that he should report them to the house . Sir R . Inglis expressed a wish that this sum of £ 8 , 000 , 000 had been raised by taxation instead of by loan ; for then it would have been a sacrifice for one year only , and nould not hare cast a burden upon futuregenerations . Mr . Heme again repeated his objections , which he was afraid that he bad not made intelligible to the Chancellor of the Exchequer . Mr . Williams wished to know who the two parties w < re who had made the biddings for this loan ! The Chancellor of the Excheqdeb replied , that the parties were the Messrs . Rothschild and tlie Messrs . Baring . Mr . Home doggedly insisted thatunijr his system , supposing that no bidding had been for less than £ 5 , 000 , 00 * , there would have been 16 competitors , and not two only , for th ; s loan .

      The CBAiaMAN was then directed to report the resolutions to tfce house , and the report was ordered tbe received on Tuesday . POOR RELIEF ( IRELAND ) BILL . —Lord Johk Rcssell thin moved that the house go into committee , pro forma , on the poor relief ( Ireland ) bill . In doing so . he would britfly advert to the substantial amendments which he proposed to engraft upon the present Poorlaw Bill . These amendments would thus be in possession of the house at an early period than otherwise , which be wns desirous that they should be , as he proposed to go into committee on the bill on Monday next , with aview to the discussion of its details . It had been suigesttd that the following case might arise under the provisions of the bill . Empowering the guardians to

      ! relieve the able-bodied poor out of the workhouse , when the workhouse was full , or when fever raged in it , so that it would be unsafe to introduce them , viz ., that the guardians might refuse to give relief to the number sufficient to fill the workhouse , and then refuse to give relief to tbe destitute able-bodied without because the w » rkliouse was not full . Additional words were proposed to be added to the clause , giving the power alluded to , sa as to prevent the abuse suggested . An amendment was also to be introduced into clause 2 , in reference to the enlargement of tha WorKhousCS in certain rases , As to clause 9 , he proposed so to alter the liability for charge of out-door relief in each union . Tbe change thus proposed was to place the charge of such reli-. f , up to a certain amount , upon the electoral districts . If the charge should exceed 2 s . Gd . in the pound for a year , then , and in that case , the extra

      amount should be charted upon the union at large . Ue also proposed an alteration in regard to the number of ex officio guardians ; as well as to introduce a clause , similar to one in the temporary bill passed a few weeks ago , giving power to the poor-law commissioners to remove the guardian < and appoint paid guardians in their stead , in default lof tho former iu performing their duties . These were the main alterations which he pro . posed to engraft upon the bill . It was proposed by some that relief should not be administered in Ireland to persons possessing above half an acre ot land . He thought that there should be some limit in this respect ; but he was of opinion that , under present circumstances , it should be so defined that persons occupying merely cottages , and small patches of ground attached to them , shuuld not when destitute be diiqualified from receiving relief . He then moved that the house should go into committeepro / oreia upon the bill .

      Mr . Shaw observed , that , if they gave a right to relief , they should accompany that right with a law of settlement . Was the noble lord prepared to go that far ? In answer to a question by Sir R . Peel , Lord J . Rcssell said that the right to relief would not be exactly the same as it was in England . All relief was to be given in the shape of food . Relief was sometimes given here to families when a child or any otlur member of a family was sick . It was not intended to extend this system to Ireland . But a right to relief was t j be given to the destitute poor iu the workhouse , with a power vested in the guardians , when the workhuuse was full , to relieve the ablebodied poor out of it . A desultory debate ensued , and the bill went through committee pro forma . The report to be received next Monday .

      LANDED PROPERTY ( IRELAND BILL ) . —Lord J . Rcssell then moved the reading of the order of the day » n the Landed Pioprrty ( Ireland ) Bill , with a view of postponing the committee thereupon till Monday . A short discussion followed ; during which Sir J . GbABAH , after expressing his conviction that every consideration of economy , both for the present and the future , demanded that the government should , as far as possible , employ the Irish people in reproductive works , intimated that , in his opinion , there was no measure calculated to effects © much for the present and

      permani nt amelioration of Ireland as that for givinn facilities to tenants for life in that country to relieve themselves from their incumbrances by the sale of a portion of their estate ! . He hoped the measure would not be too exclusively left in the hands of lawyers , ns he feared they were taught by precedent that if it were so the relief thus sought would not be afforded in as complete and effective a manner as was desired . In devising and carrying into effect a measure of this nature the pfain rules of equity , and the rights ot' creditors and heirs should not be overlooked .

      Mr . Laboccheke observed that but a short period would now elapse ere the other house of Parliament was occupied with a measure to facilitate the sale of encumbered estates . The order of the day was then read , and the committee was postponed till Monday . SUPPLY . —On the motion that the house go into committee of supply , Mr . Home rose and called the attention of the government to the constant increase which was being efftctec ' in our naval and military establishments , and consequently increased expenditure to which this gave rise . The estimates for the three departments of the navy , army , and ordnance had increased to a greater extent this year than for any year since 1822 . Sir De Lact Evans was in favour of economy ia the public expenditure , as far as was compatible with safety and with a due regard to tha honour and interests of the country , but no further .

      L » rJ G . Bentinck : taunted the free traders upon the fiilure of their predictions , to the effect that free trade would so bind nations in Christian unity together , as to enable them to raze their battlements , disband their armies , and dismantle their fleets , Mr . WILLIAMS protested against the increase in tbe expenditure adverted to , and concluded a lengthy speech with proposing a reduction in the army of 20 , 000 men . Mr . BaoTiiEaToN protested against an innovation which had recently sprung up in that house . namely that of discussion with the Speaker iu the chair questions which could not be discussed with any u « i fill result except in committee . If that practice should continue , and if the evening should be wasted in future with such discussions as those to which they had listened that night , lie would regularly move at 12 o ' clock that the chairman report progress , and ask leave to sit again .

      This annunciation was received with loud cheers . The debate ceased , aud the house resolved itself into the proposed committee . Mr . Fox Macle stated th-. t the number of men to be voted for the ensuing year was 13 S . 8 U 0 . The grosscharge for these would be £ 5 , 155 , 8 * 18 . The charge for non-effective si nice would be £ 2 , 175 , 227 . Making a grand total charge of £ 7 , 331 075 . From this total was to be deducted tlie charge borne by the East India Company , for 30 , 497 , to the amount of £ 972 , 2 . 11 , and other sums , amounting in all t'i £ J , 05 fi , 100 , Jeariair the gross charge upon the country nt £ (! 275 . 074 , and the number of men in the iffcciive sei vice , the charge for whom fell upon the Exchequer , at 103 . ' . 'j'S men .

      Tlie votes for the array estimates wire then proceeded with and adopted in committee , after which the Chairman reported them to the house ,

      Monday , Mttca 1. (Glaiglasgow F05t.0ffi...

      The Consolidated Fund ( £ 8 , 000 , 000 ) BUI , was then read a second time . ¦ Sir Geokoe Gbet then moved for and obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the Act 9 th and 10 th Vic ., c . 101 , authorizing the advance of public money for the improvement of land by drainage . Mr Pox Macle then moved for aud obtained leave to bring in a bill for limiting the period of enlistment in the army . He would explain the provisions of the bill when it was brought up fer the second reading . The other orders were then disposed of , and the house adjourned at 12 o ' clock . TUESDAY , Mabch 2 . Mr . Sroo « E « gavo notice , for the 16 th instant , to move for leave to bring in a bill to suppress trading in prostitution .

      Mr . Plbmmbe , in consequence of the announcement made by the Premier on Monday evening , withdrew his notice of motion relative to a day of general humiliation . In answer to Mr . Dillon BkoWNE , Mr . Labodchebe read a letter , dated the 9 th February , addressed to the Irish government , setting forth that an organised conspiracy existed in apart of tbe county of Mnyo to resist tbe cultivation of the soil . JUSTICES OF LANCASTER . — Mr . T . Ddncohbe said that it was his intention to call the attention of the house to tho petitions which he presented from War . rington , complaining of the conduct ot' Messrs . Lyon and Stubbs , justices of the county of Lancaster , iu the exerciscof their summary jurisdiction , on the trial of four working men for leaving their employ , and to submit a motion thereon . Me understood , however , that the subject had been under tbe consideration of the government and he should like to know from the right hon . baronet , the secretary of state for the home department , theresul , of that consideration . t

      Sir George Obex said that the attention of the government had been directed , not to the allegations as they appeared upon the face of tbe documents before the house , but with respect to the irregularity complained of in a petition recently presented to the house . The result of that consideration was , that the government had come to the conclusion that tbe convictions were illegal , and that the petitioners were entitled to take advantage of the iiiformslity set forth in their petition . Mr . T , Dcncomue said that having heard from the government that tbe magistrates had acted in au illegal manner he was perfectly satisfied , and would therefore withdraw his motion .

      SITES FOR CHURCHES IN SCOTLAND Mr . Bqdveuic moved for a " select committee to inquire whether , in what part of Scotland , and under what circumstances , large numbers of her majesty's subjects have been deprived of the means of religious worship , by the refusal of certain proprietors to grant them sites for the erection ot churches . " In making this motion , the honourable gentleman briefly reviewed the history of the Free Church , showing the number of people who adhered to its communion , tbe amount of money which it had raised tor ecclesiastical and educational purposes within the last four years , the number of churches which it had built and was still building , and the number of schools which it had established , with the average amount contributed to each school—with a view to shoW that the secession which had taken place from the church was a permanent one , and that the disruption was not to pn . ve an evanescent movement , as some had

      anticipated that it would be . He then adverted to various instances of persecution suffered by the sect in question at the hands of the Duke of Buccleuch and others in the lowlands , and of Lord Macdonald , Sir . Tas . Riddell , and others , in the Highland districts . In some of these cases , theadherents of the Free Church had been permitted to erect tents , for the purposes of public worship , which , in a climate like that of Scotland , amounted almost to a prohibition of public worship , so far as the parties in question were concerned . In numberless instances even the poor boon of a trnt bad not been accorded them , whilst in all the cases complained of , they had been refused sites for the erection of schools and churches . The grievances complained of were to be deprecated , in the first place , because they amounted to religious persecution , and in the next , gave rise to feelings of exasperation in the breasts of large masses of the population of Scotland . Mr . Ewift-r seconded the motion .

      SirG . Gbex said he had hoped that former discussions would have induced the Scotch proprietors to grant the necessary sites and regretted that they had not . He saw no objection to the committee moved for ; and he believed that the result of an inquiry would be to induce the great majority of the proprietors to grant to the seceders whatever was reasonable . Sir R . Inohs opposed the motion . Sir James Gbaiiax had little to add or subtract from the opinions he had formerly expressed on this questivm . He considered the whole subject had been exhausted , and that there was nothing to inquire into . The only effect of granting the committee would be to establish the principle of a similar toleration to all religions . He would oppose the motion .

      Lord G . Bintinck likewise opposed the motion , as he believed the effect of the committee would be to render the voluntary principle a compulsory one . The noble lord vindicated the conduct of the Duke of Buccleuch and Lord Mscdonald , who , he thought , had received so much abuse aid vituperation as to justify them in their refusals . Mr . Fox Macle and Colonel Mube supported the motion . Mr . Stcakt Wobtlev and Mr . Scott opposed it . Lird J . Rcssell said that the secession having taken place in Scotland , everything that the house could do

      ought to be done to enable the seceding clergyinin to administer spiritual advice and instruction to their flocks . It was evident that a considerable grievance existed , and inquiry was , thereforo , only fair . He had a great objection to any legislative interference , but should it be shown that thirty congregations were obliged to listen to divine s . nice on a Sabbath in the open air , and subject to all the inclemency of the weather , he would be prepared to adopt some legislative remedy . He admitted the principle would be the same if applied to Roman Catholics or the Society ot Friends . Mr . Scott opposed , and Colonel JlrjgB supported the

      motion . The House divided—For the motion ... 89 Against it 61 Majority for the nwion —28 THE POOR REMOVAL BILL . —Mr . Bankes moved for a " copy of the case submitted by the Poor Law Commissioners to the law officers of the Crown for their opinion , with reference to the construction of a clause in the Poor Removal Act . " The clause in question had been construed by ihe law officers of the ciown in a manner the very reverse of tho intention of the framers of the bill . The most conflicting opinions were afloat with respect to its proper inUrpretation ; and he thought their best course would be to pass a declaratory ect which would explain the real meaning of the clause . The hon . gentleman then gavo notice that he would after Easter more for leave to bring in a bill to repeal or greatly modifthe Poor Removal Act of last session .

      y Mr . C . Bolleb obverved that , it the law officers of the Crown had deviated in interpreting the act in question from tbe obvious intention of its framers , lit was not prepared to say that the widerinteipretation which hud been put upon it by the law officers had been at nil prejudicial to the peop le of this country . This was the opinion of the committee which had been appointed to examine into thenhole matter . Enoufh of the case alluded to , and of the opinion in reference to it , was already before the fiouse to satisfy any reasonable or even unreasonable man . The law of settlement was too grave a matter to be thus taken up bit by bit . The whole subject was under the consideration of the committee , which , when it had fully considered it in all its bearings , would present its report to the house . A lengthened discussion ensued , in which a great number of members took part , and ultimately Mr . Bankes withdrew his motion .

      INVESTMENTS IN RAILWAYS Lord G . Bentinck moved for a return , showing the sums of money actually expended by the railway companies previous to 1841 : — Loudon and Birmingham , Grand Junction , Great Western , Brighton , South Western , South Eastern , and Midland ; likewise the aggregate sum expended by the above-mentioned railway companies iu each year previous to 1141 , ttith the view of elucidating the marvellous statement made by Mr . Goulbiirn in the late debate upon the budget . As a statement had gone forth to the public , on the authority of an ex-Chancellor oi the Exchequer , of a n-ost extraordinary nature relative to the expenditure of railways , the effect of which would be to lead tho public to the conclusion that large railway expenditure did not conduce to the prosperity of the country , it was absolutely necessary to expose the absurdity of that statement . The statement made by-Mr . Goulburn was , that £ o 7 , 720 , QQ 0 had been expended in seven railways during the years 18 'i'J and 1810 , these

      years of deficient revenue ; whereas the truth was , that , from ISM to the end of 1840 , on the seven railways named only £ 20 , 437 , 115 had been actually expended . So that , if a mis-statement of £ 17 , 201 , 000 , by a uentlemau who once held the office nf Chancellor of the Exchequer was not properly detignated " a marvellous statement , "Inward G . Bentinck ) knew not what tho words meant . But that was not the extcHt of the Right Hon . Gentleman ' s mis-statement , because , in 1831 ) aud 184 " . only i ' y , 718 . 997 had been expended by the seven railw ( t /> referred to ; therefore the Right Hon . Gunk-wan had made the marvellous mistake of £ 28 , 000 , 000 ! Tho statement containing this exaggeration had breu made to tbe house with all tho " pump and circumstance" of an ex-Chanctllor of the Exchequer , and he thought that the exposure which he had just made of it would put the house on its Kuaril for the future , against placing any reliance upon the statements and'statistics of Mr . Goultiurn , although be had been a Chancellor of

      the Exchequer . Mr . GoPLnonN observed , that if it was becoming in one who had been Chancellor of the Exchequer to make no statement which he could not substantiate , it was no less becoming in one who expected to become Chancellor of the Exchequer to refrain from grossly misrepresenting what any of his possible predecessors may have stated in tho house . The noble lord had misunderstood him in some instances , and misrepresented him in others . The statements which he had made had reference to the expenditure , both effected and proposed on the railways in question for several years -previous to 1841 , instead of for two years , as the noble lord had stated . There were two ways of addressing tho house —one , tu presume that qp , ft 1 . $ . addressing educated won ,

      Monday , Mttca 1. (Glaiglasgow F05t.0ffi...

      who will supply all deficiences ; and the other , to regard the house as a vulgar assembly , and to give every detail and leave nothing to bo filled up . This former was the way in wli ch he addressed the house , and he did not think it then necessary to make his figures perfectly plain . The returns were ordered . The other orders of the day were disposed of , and the house adjourned at twelve o ' clock . WEDNESDAY , Mabch 3 . Tbe Speaker took the chair at twelve o ' clock . Mr , Duncombe presented a petition that railway companies should convey poor persons at a farthing a mile ; also a petition , signed by a number oftliecloth-printers of Lancashire , which slated that they were in as bad a condition as were the people in the suffering districts of Ireland , and praying the government to give a grant of £ 30 , 000 in order that it might be invested in such a manlier as to yield tkem employment .

      Lord Jouh Rvsasth presented petitions from several places in Yorkshire , Lancashire , Cheshire , and Derb yshire , from various master manufacturers , signed on behalf of 538 firms ( hear , hear ) , . stating , they thought It would te very desirable that the hours of labour should be shortened , and therefore praying the house to pass the Ten Hours Bill ; also petiti-msfrom persons employed ill manufactures in Bury and Hey wood , in favour of the Ten Hours Bill . A large number of petitions in favour of tho Ten Heurs Bill were presented by other members .

      THE FACTORY BILL . —The order of the day having been read forgoing into committee on the Factory Bill , Mr . Escott rose to move , as an amendment , that the bill be committed that day six months . Those who considered that in this measure they were benefiting the labouring population in our manufacturing districts , might be very benevolent persons , but they were nt the same time most erroneous in their views . He himself regarded it as a measure which , in crippling energies and capital , would inevitably most materially cripple the energies of labour , and deprive the werkmen ofa considerable portion of that employment which at present scarcely sufficed for their subsistence . With respect to the foreign trade , the proposed bill was the maddest project ever thought of . Why , tho foreign trade so much exceeded the

      consumption of this country , that reducing the hours ot lahour would destroy more than the entire of our home consumption . Besides , this bill was introduced at a tim « of European scarcity . Was this a moment to say to the workman , "You shall not woik , " when provisions were at famine price , and it required all his energies to scramble for a subsistence ! ( Hear , hear . ) He had high authority for deprecating the proposed measure . On the 1 st of July , 1839 , the noble lord the First Lord of the Treasury , speaking on the motion of Lord Ashley , juid , — "Did the ' noble lord mean to fix the wages while he curtailed thehoursoflabour ? If he did , he meant to do what was impossible ; If he did not , the committee must know that to shorten the hours of labour , at a time , too , when provisions were so dear , would be

      inhumanity . Therefore , he must vote against tbe measure . " ( Hear , hear . ) Why had the noble lord changed his opinion in 18471 Were provisions lower ! were times better f { Hear , hesr . ) Another reason why they should hesitate in passing this measure was the bad success which had attended former interference . The supporters of the bill said , ' * You have interfered already ; it Is only a quest ' on of degree , why not go further V In his opinion that was a reason why they should not go further . Every former interference was promised to be final , but it only created a necessity for further inteferance . Lord Ashley had put forward gnrbled statements in defence of the measure . In the

      evidence taken on the subject , working men had given proof that they were not opposed to long hours , and clergymen had stated there was nothing ia factory labour injurious to health and morality . The working men were acting under a delusion . He believed that if they were convinced that reduction of labour must be attended with reduction of wages , they would reject it at otico . This measure would not settle the question , it would never be settled while the working classes were exposed to periodical distress , and consequently discontent , and therefore be trusted that the hou * -e would reject the bill . He moved that it be committed that day six months .

      Mr . Beckett opposed the amendment . He believed that the operatives were sineerely anxious for the success of the bill . ( Hear , hear . ) They had discussed it in their clubs and over their pots of alt , and they were convinced that prolonged labour was most injurious to the constitution . They were supported in this view by many of tke manufacturers , who had petitioned in favour of an Eleven Hours' Bill . ( Hear , hear . ) He was inclined to support that view himself , for although be should prefer ten hours , yet he was unwilliag suddenly to disturb loagestablished systems . An Eleven Hours'Bill would be a great iuiprovem nt ; it would takt off the last hour of toil , and permit the workmen to spend sometime among tilt ir families . It would also enable them to attend evening lectures , schools of design , and other education ^ institutions . The petitioners to whom he alluded had tried eleven hours , it had worked weU , and wages had not diminished in proportion With these views it was his intention to support tht bill .

      Mr . w aud saidthat the house had frsquently advanced and retreated on . this question . First , the motion of the noble lord the member for Dorsetshire was cairieii by a small majority ; and no sooner was it carried than it was reversed . Last year , after a full discussion , the measure wns mgntived by a majority of ten ; and this year the second reading passed by a majority of 108 . The house then divided in favour of a Ten Hours' Bill ; the hon . member for Leeds now proposed a mezzo ( ermine , in the shape of an Eleven Hours' Bill , hoping thereby to settle the question . He ( Mr . Ward ) did not believe that it could thus be settled ; his honourable friend the member for Oldham would not accept such a settlement . ( "Hear , " from Mr . Fielding . ) The whole question was .

      could they pass the bill without reducing wages i If they thought they could , if they were certain of it , he would go the whole way with them and vote for a Ten Hours'Bill . He knew that in the view he took of this question , he differed from many of his constituents and trom several members of the government , but he had the deepest convictions as to the course he ought to take-He had last year pointed out the danger of encouraging delusions among the working classes , nml also that tbe house was giving a legislative sanction to the proccdings of the trades' unions . He believed that there was noi one of the working men who would take a Ten Hours ' Bill if thi-y were sureot a reduction in wages . ( Cries of " Oh , oh , " and " Hear , hear . " ) Let them be asked , and his statement would be found to be correct . He was

      quit willing to admit that In ono town , where short time ' h'd been tried , it had worked will hitherto , and had produced temporary advantoges to the working classes . By arrangements amongst themselves wages had been kept up ; but the question was , could this be done permanently ? In hardware , cotton , and others of our most important manufactures , two or three per cent , would turn tho scale against us in neutral markets . As to tbe argument about the ingratitude of the free traders in refusing this boon , as it wastermed , to the operatives , it must be remembered that free trade

      was not a name merely , but a thing . Free trade was a measure , the benefits of which would develops themstlies gradually , notatonce . He sbouldgive his vote in favour of delaying the operation of . or if possible rescinding the vote to which the house bad , as he believed , mostuuad . visedly come the other day ; for , of all times , he thought that the most unhappily chosen for an experiment of this iii . ture , when the scarcity and high price of cotton wns occasioning a diminution in tho demand for labour , while tht price of provisions was rising . He must say this was a most unh . ippy time to attempt by uiactment to limit the hours of labour .

      Mr . Bbotheb-on contended that the question for the house to consider was whether females and young persons from 13 to 18 yeiivs of ago should be compelled to work thirteen hours every day in a foetid atmosphere without relaxation t He could of bis own knowledge say that the operatives themselves nere generally in favour of the measure —( hear . ) He admitted that it was mo- « t desirable for the state to avoid as far as possible inter , ferinj ; with the employment of labour . But if tbe House of Commons wtre to leave everything to the rules of political economy , their labours would be very much curtailyd —( hear , htar . ) They interfered with these rules every day , They . had iiitcrfei ci ) with them in their legislation as between landlord and tenant—master and apprentice—shipowners and seamen , and in a hundred

      other cases —( heir . ) Pulitical economists argued against all legislation on the subject of factory labour . Why , then , was a factory bill ever passed i Because it was found that working in factories was an exception to the general rule . When , in i 815 , the late Sir" It . Peel brought forward his bill , it was ascertained that many of tho mills were k . pt running seventy to ninety houvsa week , and that children of six jenrs of age were often compelled to work lhat number of hours in the same time . That , the house thought , was a sufficient ground for departing from the rules of political economy and interfering as between tho employer and the employed . If all nun were humane there would be no need of legislation—or if they were to lay it down that the working classes were made to eat , to drimt , to work ,

      and to die only , they might then safely leave thase things to the strict rules of political economy . ( Hear . ) It tins said , leave this matter to the parties themselves , and they will come to an arrangement , but had they done so ? Nothing ol the kind , nor was there auy hope of such a result . ( Hear , hear . ) It was in consequence of the prepondcrence of females in factories that this further legislation was necessary . They had legislated to protect the childr-n , because they were weak ; and they must now , for the same reason , interfere for the protection of . the females . In factories , the weak worked side by siiii > with the strong , and , while the one might beau up against tho labour without inconvenience , the ether would sink under it . When he was a boy , he knew what it was for the weak to ivor \ j thoi-e long hours , by his own

      experience as a factory worker . H « had feelings and sentiments then on the . subject , and formed Ian resolution that , if ever he had the power , he would use his utmost endeavours to bring about a diminution of the hours of labour ior women and children . ( Cheers . ) And Ue . was proud to say that this feeling of his boxhood was retained in tas duel' ago . ( Ileiu * . boar . ) He did not accuse the mattevs of inhumanity iu working their hands long hours . Capital and labour were so combined , and compcti ' iio ' j was so powerful , that it was impossible tor any master-t o resist the temptation to do so , unless all were eompp ' . icd to take the same course . Even the honourable «» w . iber mv OWham , rich as he was , were he to carry o \ it j „ i , ; s own mills tho humane principles he advocated , , would , unless there were u law r « a , u . lriug «\\ to do tl » S

      Monday , Mttca 1. (Glaiglasgow F05t.0ffi...

      same , soon be in the Gazette . ( Hear , hear . ) The working classes would not be alarmed by the Statemen-t that a reduction of wages must necessarily follow a diminution in the hours of labour . They knew that the greater part of their work was paid for by tho piece , and not by time , They looked to what had been the result of former changes , and they found that whereas , during the last thirty years , the price of the goods had fluctuated more than 40 per cent ., wages had not decreased more than 1 or 2 per cent . Nor did he apprehend the . danger contemplated by the hon . member for Sheffield , iu the falling off of our exports , as resulting from the proposed reduction in the hours of labour . The extra machinery ordered during the last year , would more than counterbilance all sueb reductions . The prophecies of the musters as to the ruinous effects to our commerce of diminishing the hours of labour , had not been borne out by the result of the previous enactments in that direction . On the contrary , exports had gone on increasing , and last year we exported

      25 , 000 , 000 of cotton yarn more than during tho previous year . The export of cotton goods had also materially increased iu that , as compared with the preceding , year . The reduction of the cotton tax alone , which was equal to 13 d . a week in the wages of the operatives , would more than compensate the masters for any decreased production consequent on adiminution in the hours oflabour . It was a mockery and a delusion to tell the working classes that parliament was anxious to promote their physical and moral improvement by establishing parks and institutions , while tht-y were compelled to labour twelve or thirteen hours a day . He did not believe the statement that if this bill passed—whieh he had the highest authority for saying was not to decrease wages , but to advance wages at the expense of capital—that the working classes would continue to agitate . He believed the measure would be advantageous t « all parties , and when the operatives once felt tbe benefit of it , he was convinced they would cease to be agitators . ( Hear . )

      Sir J . GftABAXbad listened with much pleasure to the speech of the hon . member for Salford , the more so as he was not till then aware that , as a factory operative , he had administered with bis own hands to his own wants . ( Hear . ) That circumstance reflected great honour upon the hon . gentleman , and it afforded him ( Sir J , Graham ) not a little gratification to sit in that house with him on terms of perfect equality —( hear , hear)*—for the specoh of the hon . gentleman was of itself the most convincing proof that from the humblest classes of the community gentlemen might rise to stations of the highest importance and influence by the exercise of honest industry aud unblemished integrity—( hear)—but the course of life to which tbe hon . gentleman owed his success haa been compatible with long hours oflabour ; and he was himself a

      proof that , by careful employment of time in that branch of industry they were now discussing , the most useful and honourable acquirements were compatible with long hours oflabour . The right hon . gentleman then spoke at great length in opposition to the bill . Its operations would be to curtail the number of hturs per day for which machinery would run . It would also throw a mat deal of the older machinery out of emploiment . That machinery could only compete with such as was of more recent construction by running for twelve hours a day , If ( hey limited its working to ten hours a day , such legislation would be tantamount to the destruction of valuable property , now yielding to its owners the fruits of capital and Industry , by Act ef Parliament , Sir G . Grey admitted that tht passing of the bill would lead to a diminution of wages . What would be the condition of the operatives

      iu the North , with their wages materially reduced ! Such was the nature of trade , that , under the most favourable circumstances , oscillation must occasionally take place . Should they then prevent the industrious man , when trade was good , and full work could be afforded him , from working as long as his strength would permit him , so as to lay up what might be surplus wages for the time being , to meet the exigencies of less prosperous times f A sincere sense of public duty compelled him to resist this bill , and his opposition to it was grounded upon the following reasons . It was , in the first place , a tax on machinery ; in tbe next , it imposed a limit to the earnings of industry ; and in the third , it was a tax upon wages . If they confined its operation to the four trades mentioned , It would be most unequal and unjust , and if they intended it to all trades and occupations , it would be utterly intolerant .

      Sir G . Gbet observed that he had never admitted that a reduction in the hours oflabour , such as was sought by the bill , would necessarily lead to a diminution ot wages . All that he had admitted was , that its tendency would be to diminution , but that there were other causes which might counteract that tendency . As he had observed on a former occasion , he would vote to go into committee on the bill , in tbe hope that the limitation imposed by it upon the hours of labour would rest at eleven hours ; hut if it t merged from committee as a Ten Hours' Bill , he was ready to support it , on the third reading , as a Ten Hours'Bill .

      Viscount Morpeth assented , as a general principle , to the desirableness of limiting the hours of labour , He was fully impressed , however , with the necessity which rested upon them of proceeding in any such course of legislation as was now contemplated with great caution and circumspection , and of the msasures whiUithey adopted being as guarded and as experimental as possible . He was prepared to go into committee on the bill , in the hope that it would emerge from it as an Eleven Hours'Bill . If it did not , but was moulded in committee into a Ten Hours' Bill , he could not share in the confidence of Sir George Grey a 3 to ths non-injurious character of tho measure so modified , and support it as a Ten Hours' Bill on tbe third reading .

      Lord Geobge Bentinck regarded ten hours a day as j the proper maximum of a day ' s labour . Thegreat majority of the operatives in the country were in favour of tho bill , in view of all the consequences to which it might give rise , and had he no other reason for supporting this bill , this alone would suffice to induce him to support the motion for the Speaker leaving the chair . Mr . MilNes Gibson delivered a long speech In opposition to the Bill , on behalf of his constituents , the Manchester millowm-rs . He laid great stress on the differenceof opinion among thesupporters of Ihe bill , and after running over the usual topics of the opponents of the measure , drew an alarming picture of the evils it would produce in drawing labour and capital from this toother countries , and aat down loudly applauded by his party .

      Lord EasiNGTow was in favour of going into committee , on the bill , but would move in committee to place all adult women out of the reach of its provisions . Sir R , Peel , who rose at ten minutes past five , and was indistinct and much more rapid than usual , spoke in opposition to the bill . When he presided over the Treasury , he sometimes excited a smile by saying that he had three courses to pursue . The noble lord who now occupied his place , had succeeded also to his situation in that respect . Not only this , but the noble lord could also adduce tht high authority of u colleagu * for each of Ihe three courses before him . The Secretary for Ireland unhesitatingly declared his opposition to all inter ference . The Secretary for the Home Department was in favour of going into committee on tho bill , in tbe hope

      that it would emerge from committee an Eleven Hours ' Bill , but was quite ready to support it should it re-appear in the house as a Ten Hours'Bill ; whilst the noble loid , the Chief Commissioner of the Woods and Forest-, had intimated his intention of sticking fast at eleven hours . The position in which the noble lord thus found himself vtmiudedtiimof a mathematical problem , very difficult of solution , which was , at what point a body would remain at rest when exposed to the attraction of three treat bodies . The noble lord had it now in his power to solve that difficult problem , and he ( Sir It , Peel ) was curious to know whether the noble lord would remain at rest , or decide in favourof one or other of his colleagues ; it would he a narrow mode in which to deal with to- subject , to argue it upon the strict rules of political economy .

      It was quite possible that the political economy of this country had confined itself to too narrow a range , especially when compared with the more complex science which had been rendered by the Italian economists . The ground upon which he would give his vote against the further progress of the bill , was the deep conviction un . der which he laboured , that it would not be for the vvilfaro of ihe working classes ; that it w » uld not be for their intellectual culture rr their social and intellectual improvement , that they inipostd restrictions on tlie hours of labour . There were many reasons , too , why it was positively dangerous to impose such restrictions at present . There wns now no impediment to the employment of British capital in foreign countries . Nay liini-s , it was by no means improbable that every

      encouragement might bo given to its employment abroad . Besides , they must bear in mind that machinery was now freely exported abroad , and in addition to this , the ex . tended means of locomotion which they now possessed , and ihe gradual disappearance of those prejudices which formerly confined the Englishman to his own country , would lead to a large emigration oi skilled labour , it impediments were to bo thrown in its way at homo , They had at present , thereforo , no control over capital , machiniry , or labtur ; and yet it was under these circum . stances that they proposed not only that women amV children , but , practically , adult males also should not work more than five days in tho week . What wouVl be the result of such a restriction as this , in connedipa with the freedom of ccress , which was now accorded by

      the policy of the country to capital , labour , and iaacb ' . . nery ? The riubt honourable gentleman thea intiswet that they should all aim at the social , the moral , aml the Intellectual improvement of the working clisst- ,, but warned the house that if , at tho same time , they deprived those classes of the comforts of life , their i « in oveuient , in other respects , wowld only vernier tlicm »&\>\ novo dangerous to the peace of the country in times , of commercial adversity . The real way in which to improvs the habits and elevate the charade * of the working classes , was to give them a profit command over the necessaries ol life . It woulv \ be the " most marvellous thing that had ever happened , " and the " greatest phenomenon that had ever occurred , "

      if the employers , in the four great branches of manufacture , with which they proposed to mtevteve , should give six days ' wages for five days' work . This could only be given in consideration of getting more work out of the operatives , jn n given and limited time , than they now got , and to compress six days' work into live days , so as to entitle the operatives to six da \* , ' wage * would be a greater strain upon tlieiv bodily faculties than to permit them to work six days for sifc days' wages would be . The poor man ' s wages wcr . c the ptwv man ' s income , and a deduction from tho time in nhich thost wages were earned would bu the piov mini's income tax —an incQivo tax which w < > uld press upon him at the rate of frot « 18 W l << percjut . U was now but a fe > , v minutes from six o ' clock ., and t «» rig ht V . WiVitfthJu geuUeman brought hit -speech .

      Monday , Mttca 1. (Glaiglasgow F05t.0ffi...

      Which was listened to throughout with the most marked attention , to a sudden close , by declaring that It wai because he firmly believed thatthe bill before them pre . posed a roost unwise interference with the rights and privileges of the labouring classes of the country , to whom he had often cknowlod gcd his own " special obligations , " that he persetered in giving it his etrcnu . our opposition . The house then divided , and the numbers were—For going into committee 190 For amendment , loo Majority for going into committee ... ... % The house then adjourned . THURSDAY" , JfABCH 4 .

      EMIGRATION . —Mr . VbbmonSmith moved that , » i a order to assist and encourage voluntary emigration to the colonies , it is expedient to increase the importance and authority of the Land and Emigration Board , to add to their agency in Great Britain and Ireland , and promote their vigilant superintendence of tbe passage and future location of the emigrants . " Mr . Mackinnon seconded the motion . After some discussion the motion was withdrawn . CRACOW . —THE RUSSIAN DUTCH LOAN . —Mr . IIciig moved the i ' olioiving resolutions ;—

      1 . That this house , considering the faithful observance of the General Act of Congress , or Treaty of Vienna , of the 9 th day of June , 1815 , as the basis of the peace and warfare of Europe , views with alarm and indig . nation the incorporation of the free city of Cracow and of its territory into the empire of Austria , by virtue of a convention entered into at Vienna , on tbe Cth day of November , 1840 , by Russia , Prussia , and Austria , in manifest violation of the said treaty . 2 . " That ft appears , by returns laid before Parliament , that there has already been paid from the British Trea .

      sury towards the principal and for the interest of the debt called Russo-Dutch Loan , between the years 1816 and 1818 , both inclusive , the sum of 10 , 493 , 750 flerias , equal to £ 3 , 374 , 497 sterling meney ; and that the liquidation of the principal and interest of the remaining part of the loan , as stipulated by the Act 2 nd and 3 rd of William IV ., cap 81 , will require further annual pay . ments from the British Treasury until the year 1915 , amounting to 47 , 006 , 250 florins , equal to £ 3 , 917 , 187 sterling money — making then the aggregate payment of £ 7 , 291 , ( 166 , aud the average for each of the 100 years of £ 72 , 916 .

      S . " That the Convention of tht ICth day of November , 1831 , between his Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of all the Russias , was made to explain the stipulations of the treaty between Great Bri . tain , Russia . ahd the Netherlands , signed at London on tha 19 th day of May , 1815 , and included in the Treaty of Vienna ; and , by that Convention , it was agreed by Great Britain 'to secure to Russia the payment of a portion of her old Dutch debt in consideration of the general arrangements of the Congress of Vienna , to which she had given her adhesion ; arrangements which remain in full fotce . * . "ThatthlsHouseis , thsvefoie , of opinion that Russia having withdrawn that adhesion , and these arrangements being , through her act , no longer in force , the payments from this country , on account of that debt , should ha henceforth suspended . "

      The hon . member narrated tbe recent events which have occurred in connexion with the annexation of Cracow . The protest of the government was insufficient . What cared men who had lost their honour , and bad violated every engagement , for protests f It became the House of Commons to mark their displeasure at these transactions in a more emphatic way than by simply protesting against them . He did not want them to go to war , but when he found that they were called upon to psy annually a . ' arge sura of money to one of the Powers in question , as a portion of our part nf the bargain , involved in the Treaty of Vienna , which Power had violated its own part of the engage .

      ment ; he called upon the house to sustain him in proposing that these payments , on our side , should henceforth cease . He had always denounced the Treaty of Vionna . It was a bargain entered into with great public robbers , and made us as bad as tbe robbers themselves . The deliberate violation of the treaty was not confine * to the case of Cracow . It had been violated , particularly by Russia , in numerous instances , which the hon . gent , hero recapitulated . Europe , therefore , was no longer bound by the Treaty of Vienna . Every state enslaved by the treaty was relieved from the yoke , and at liberty to assert its independence . Lord SaNDon seconded the motion .

      Lord John Russell thought it was clear , from the words of the Treaty of Vienna , and other considerations , that the articles respecting Cracow forn . ed some of the ptincipal stipulations of the treaty . However small the territory in question might be , its independence , as guaranteed by tha Treaty of Vienna , meant neither more nor less than a separate existence should be left to a small portion of ancient Poland . The reasons assigned for its extinction were nit , in his estimation , sufficient lo justify the violating Powers In the course which they had pursued . Agreeing with Mr . Hume iu the view which he toi . k of the conduct of the three Powers in the transaction

      in question , he did not see what advantage could arise from a declaration of opinion in respect to it on tho part of the House of Commons . So far , therefore , as the first resolution of the honourable gentleman went , he would feel it incumbent 011 him to more the previous question . As to the last resolution , which provided for the non-payment henceforth of the interest on the Russo-Dutch loan , he must alio dissent from It . The Executive Government bad , in the present instance , done all that it considered it to be its duty to do , and he hoped that the house would not , by affirming resolutions like that now before it , take into its own hands a matter , the cognizance of which was properly withiu the province of tbe executive department of the State .

      The debate was then , after some discussion as to the day . adjourned till Thursday next . THE FACTORIES BILL then went through cem mittee proformatfo be re-committed ou the 17 th March . The other orders were then disposed of , and the house adjourned . FRIDAY , Mabch . 5 IRELAND , —On the order of the day for going Into com mittee of supply , Mr . John O'Connell called the attention of the government to the necessity of drawing off the labourers now employed on public works in Ireland , to the tillage of th $ land . The hon . member suggested that the government should furnish seed to a larger extent than they had proposed ; and that the improving tenant should be invested with the right ef compensation for improvements , 5 and that a law should be Uevued to compel Irish , proprietors to reside on their estates .

      Mr . LABoccuEiit recapitulated what had been , 4 o . Sr and declined to undertake a course which Wtnlt bftjO' , 1 the functions of government . The remainder of the evening was occupied iu * m > mittee of supply on the Ordnance and Navy Estiwa' ^

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      Ukwholksomb Loggings,—-At The Saak? Pear...

      Ukwholksomb Loggings , — -At the Saak ? peare ' Head , Wych-street , Strand , on Wedsftsd ay * ast belore Mr . Bedford , on the body of Jam' . sLabar / aged 54 , an ivory turner . The dectasod tes \ dei \ at No . 41 , Wych-street , and had been . Mi gr eat distress for some time past . He died sudogaly ' Saturday night last . The witnesses agrees !; tha' v - ie was m 3 a very destitute condition , but did » ot tliink that he died from starvation . Mr . B . & -00 ) ies surs £ 0 n of Bedford-street , Coycnt-gai den ,. said tuat lie had made ayost mortem examination of tke bo- j ., -md found that the cause of death was li . vdroiluvfB s , '¦' * :. wa er 0 n

      the chest . He could not help 01 . ingin ,, under tue notice ot the coroner and jwar t > ie ultfiv state of the locality where the deceased w Aae 0 tl / e inipuritj , the air the want ot prop ** ¦ drai ^ ^ cmb light , all these . 1 . 0 s : tmeoti nia ] , 0 ¦ iu hlsstatc ° . . 'f T * r } , rwm Wad in a Alt" * condition , and destitute of the necesswy cm { om rf Jifft After te „ years experience n & wr * on t 0 lhe Stranu Union he could state that tlicijw . did not die 80 ofte a 9 w . presented , rom aiwah * ; e want of food as from ^ impurity ot tho : u * thcy breathed , lie could not speak 111 terms too condemnatory of tbe neglect of sanitary rcgulaHtw , The jut ^ d a ^ - ^ accordance wjtfc U- e medical evidence . l * oon roit Nro AND Biims .-Tho proposal has been , made tor e » . H « tf tho 0 iUs which are usual | iycn to horses , mi make bread for mn but there is 1 another vmv , mng c ass vtHicU is allowed with 1 impunitx to ta | { e ti 18 f 00 j ou , f t i „ oor man * .

      m u ? -r * ' ¦* a "'"* ° to tlle •> ares and rabbits . Every ' rabbit . «««• jUmes a bushel of wheat—so says the 5 cnlcuMior , Deforc us ; robbing the farmer of his 5 money ar lU - not benefiting the landlord . We think , tne ^ iftir e > w | un t ] iere is Ilqt a m ( Mlthfui of too } muca . 00 ( i t 0 8 par 0 | - lt W 0 l , | j i j e as Wejj to gefc r - ld o { f swjw ol these epicurean rabbits aud hares , and so 0 dM ?*?¦ , stock of vJs" > ns . It would be a a i „ fhttiil item to read amongst the subscriptions is w the Irish ami Scotch Destitute Fund :- " The Abo . j . > Uion of the Game Laws . . 2 , 01 ) 0 , 000 bushels of ) f wheat . It would be only a small addition ( the te bmncl ol when being six shillings ) of j ( - 0 ( J 0 , 0 li 0 . ' » . ' lly the by , what lias become of tho Game Law w Committee ? The members require starting a bit , t , or they do nothing apparently but sit upon their it lorms . —Punch .

      Saiiuiis Meetiso . - On Thursday evening a a meeting ot sadlcrs , harness-makers , bridle-cutters , rs , and coJJ .-ii-malteis , took place at the P .-trtlicniuni tru Rooms , St . iMartiu ' s-lano , in support of a movement nt torciiuce lhe houw oflabour from sixteen to twelve , ro . Upwards of -100 persona wwre present . Mr . J , J , Gordon was called t <> th'j chair . Messrs Upcott , itt , Jlrunyee . l'liiliips , Kverafield , Saunders , Caistcr , cr , Davie * , Koydlnmse , and . M'Grcgor , addressed the the meeting , ttcat . luttoa * , , m accordance with the object iect oi the meeting * were tuianiuiously adopted . Wo shall i » U speak ol tlns woveio ' cnt in our nest .

      biLssio . N . —A gen tral nucting ol the members of the ' the Und Uiiipany rtill take place at Mr . Joseph Lin-Lin-. « B ) 's , High-street , on Sunday evening , March thai that 7 tn , at ti o ' c ) ' . ek .

      I'Rinted B- , Uuuiali M'Gowan .Of 16, Great Windmilhiniu" Street , " Llayinarket, In Tint City Of Westminster, At Then The:

      I'rinted b- , uuUiAli M'GOWAN . of 16 , Great WindmilHiniU " street , " llayinarket , in tint City of Westminster , at then the :

      Vm* .-E, In Tiiu Same Aircct Ann R.Insii...

      vm * .-e , in tiiu same aircct ann r . insii , ior tlie 1 * 10 . fro-V .-ietor , FKAIKU ' S O'CONNOU , Hsij ,., nnd puhlishedishedl by William IInun , of X * . 18 , Cluu-U-s ^ U-evt , UvsuvitvsuV " don-sti-ict , Wa . north , in ths parish of St . Alary , Keir New . ' iiij-tsn , in tho C » Uiily of SuiTev , at U .. 1 Ollice , No . 16 , 0 . U ' j Great WiadiuilUtvect , llavmavlwt . iu the City of ^ esW ^ V iniiiBti-r , . Saluvdu , Maryh . Qth , 1317 ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 6, 1847, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_06031847/page/8/