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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th July 1845, Edition 2 of 4, Page 1, GLASGOW. The Poor Law.—A public meeting,...

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    • TO JAMES HILL,
    • tfomtpt MtJiistmt* .
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      To James Hill,

      TO JAMES HILL ,

      Mht All* Isdepesdesx Exglkh Chartist, Al...

      Mht All * ISDEPESDESX EXGLKH CHARTIST , alias « " WILLIAM I-WISHI-HAY-GET-IT , " ( FOPSDER 0 ] OF THE XATIOSAL DAILY BIJEAD SOCIETY , 0 ] OF THE XXTI-BREAD TAX SOCIETY , OF THE y > ATIOXAL LAND AM ) IiUILDIXG SOCIETY A : AXD ANOTHER SOCIETY ) , Esq . S : Sir , —Xotwjfhsfcmdhig your attempted evasion , by i by a contemptible " DOUBLE SHUFFLE , " re-, sort sorted to in Lloyd ' s Jast week s paper , I still deal vdt idtli you as the author of those articles which appen penrcd in previous numbers of that journal upon the ' •( ' Chartist Co-operative Land plan . " I fix them up < upon yew because you had previously offered the first i > f ef those articles to another paper , and the poor subtci tcrfuge of yourself or Carpenter , by which you would rej repudiate the letter of an Independent " English CI Chartist , " shall not facilitate your escape . It is noth thing to me that Mr . O'Brien attributes the letter to W Vfa ikins—that is , it docs not clear you of the autho ^

      sli ship ; but , on the contrary , it is strong circuir jrantial pi proof that Waikins is not the a ^ nevv-hecau'e C 0 'Brienisnevcrr 5 ght , aiidtheai ? < cT & wal ^ Catkins b but tends to convict yon . Yofc will pardoa the harsh C expression , but you justly merit it , as nothing can t be more mean or dastardly thin to abuse a man t -under an asaassed name . IIc , wcver , as I have fully « answered tic two articles 'ji question , and likewise

      i your letter , I shall now " jiroeecd to notice your subsei quent correspondence ,. The parties for whom I write , ] Jove fair play , a ^ j , therefore , I here publish your ] letter under theslpature of" William I-wish-I-uiay get-it , " for tjftai is your letter . I could not reply to it last week , b ' . * eause I was engaged in Lancashire in enlrghtoUTig the public mind upon the vahie of the O'Connor "mocse trap , " and let this week ' s sab . scrip * Jon Est answer for my failure . The following is it > uRletter : —

      To lfte' Editor of "IXovte Wi & ty Aeicspnper . " Sis , —I confess mjself one of those unwary persons who liaveheen so far misled by the suctions promises held out by the Cramers of this society , that I hare taken out a card and subscribed three shillings and threepence , being the amount of three instalments and the entrance fee ; and I should certainly have gone on contributing , but for the light thrown upon the subject , in your papers of the 7 th and I 4 th inst ., exposing the delusion , lor which I beg to tender jou raj hearty thaufcs . The trath and justice of jour views seem fully admitted , for whereas the columns of the northern Star have been largely occupied with proceedings and intended proceedings of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society tor some

      -weekspast , the last number of the paper is almost silent © a the suiject ; and when we recollect the swaggering , hulljins tone usually adopted by the conductors of that paper , against those who honestly differ from them , we must see that silence , under present circumstances , is a pleading guilty . I am justified , therefore , in inferring that the society is defunct , and I seek to know what redress 1 have for the recovery of my money , which , small as is the sum , It is not convenient for me to lose , —and which , even if it were convenient , I should not on principle silently or quietly submit to have filched from me . Moreover , I have subsequently , iiiaufe t « yoUr recommendation , become a number of the national Land and Building Association ( of the existence of which I was not

      aware until it was pointed out in your valuable paper ) , and I see most clearly , from the constitution of that association , that not only is there the fullest security for every shilling and every pound invested , the moral impossibility of loss , but the certainty that I may look forward , within a reasonable time , to become that which I , a working man , never conceived it possible I could become , a comity freeholder , and , in addition , that I may secure for myself the more solid advantage of living rentfreci in my own habitation , in declining life , without the horrors of the union workhouse staring me in the face . When I see that such solid advantages are not a . question Of chance , or lottery , but moral certainties , attainable by regular or occasional small subscriptions , which , if from

      ill health , or lack of employment , 1 am unable to continue , are not forfeited , nor even made the ground for any fine ; on the contrary , should my exigencies require it , may be made available ; when I see at how small a cost these valuable rights may be obtained , and reflect on the money expended in getting up agitations for the franchise , tending to no results , or worse than none , or Hie money which has been expended in a variety of ways , in unavailing endeavours to obtain higher wages , and in numberless other fruitless underrating ? , I can but be grateful to you , sir , for pointing out to the working classes the National Land andliuilding Association , and to be filled with a well-grounded confidence that a better order of things is

      opening to us , and that » ur day of deliverance is dawning . I require , then , my three and threepence to go in augmentation of my subscription in the National Land and Building Association . Some of my acquaintance , who , having been with myself misled in entering the Chartist Co-operative Society , and have paid instalments , seek the recoreiy of their money . WTe fear onr case is almost hopeless , hut we ask your advice ( which please communicate either in your notice to Correspondents , or by any Other mode ) , if there is any hoi * for us , and , if so , how we are to proceed to obtain our rights . By pointing this oat you will add another boon to those numerous ones which you hare already been the means of conferring upon the working classes , and oblige , sir , your obedient servant ,

      "WuiiAii Wish-I-May-Get-It . Lambeth , June 1 C , 1 « 5 . Sow , sir , that letter is one mass of foolish falsehoods ; you were emboldened by my silence upon your previous nonsense , and supposed that you might with safety palm anything upon the credulous , rendered more sceptical , if not suspicious , by my desire to have your whole case before I made you your own executioner : as sooa as you had got your head into your own noose I had only to let the drop fall and allow you to swing as a public example . That I have already done most effectually ; and that it should not be too liastilv lost on socletv , I must now 2 ibbet you

      -with . "WILLIAM I-WISII-I-MAT-GET . it . " You s iy that you were not aware of the existence of the ' Sational Laud and Building Association" untilyou read root ovsarticle in Lloyd's . What , are you not the founder of that association ? And more , as John Watkius is himself the Independent Chartist Association of Great Britain and Ireland , do you not , to your sorrow , constitute the " . National Laud and Building Association i" But let that pass : William says that he has paid an amount of subscription to the "Chartist Co-operative Laud Plan" in the Lambeth district , which he is anxious to have restored to him , that he may purchase the chance of a cell in one of your four-room houses for life . I shall pre . senllv insert the rejected reply of the Lambeth

      secretory , and in the meantime , to relieve William , and all those similarly circumstanced , 1 have only to say that by bringing me an assurance of his identity from the Lambeth secretary , that he shall receive 3 s . 6 d . for the 3 s . 3 d . he says he has paid ; and 1 may as well mention here that as I am about paying a huge sum to the treasurer ' s account , that all who are desirous of withdrawing have but to signify the same to me , and they shall , one aud all , have their monies returned . Sow , stupid man ! how csuld you thus put your head iu the liou ' s mouth I Sow , I ask for William—we must have him or Carpenter ; Lloyd ' s editor must give his name-, for editors do not publish anonymous letters without a knowledge of the names of their writers . Who , then , is William ? Will he come for his 3 s . 3 d ., and his 3 d . premium ?

      Here I publidi the answer to William , sent to Lloyd ' s by the Lambeth secretary , and that independent paper instantly refused its insertion . I presume , because the writer had a name . To dwell at greater length upon William ' s letter would be a ridiculous waste of time . I now come to your notice to correspondents , in the same number of Lloyd ' s : — lMrORTAXT TO WILLIAM W 15 H-I-JIAT-GET-IT . To tie Editor of ttoyiTs W < illy Xcwspapcr . ^ > —^ Vill your correspondent signing himself as "ViUiain Wish-I-may-get-it" and friends ( if be or they are iu existence ) call at die South London Chartist Hall , 11-j , Biackfriars-road , on any Sunday evening , between the Injurs of six anj cj „ u « , ' , jj oti ^ w hen their monies

      can be returned according to rule the nineteenth , by persons who are continuall y joiiiiiur and members who are ad-hug shares to those already in their possession , or if he will call atniy r ,. side :: ee IviU purchase his or their shares . Sir , I cannot but think that had your correspondent ( if he inhabits this globe ) have signed himself « Will of the Wisjf he would have b :-en more to the point , for he evidently is such by the fact that no such sum as " s . 5 J . ran K' or has been paid in any of the classes of weekl y payments that that gent imagines he has joined . Common honesty , if not common sense , should have told William Wish-llniay-cet-it first to make the demand andbc refused , brfure endeavouring to stigmatise a b . . dy vf men as dishonest . And , sir , with respect to

      legality , 1 and the working men generally have implicit faith in the legal knowledge of Mr . Koberts who is our attorney , and notilr . O'Connor , as yon have it . Also with respect to your correspundentfancying that we are deadkilled outright b y your leading ar ticles , does he , or has he attended our weekl y meetings I I say , no such thin ? , otherwise no such a letter could have been written with truth ; why , your articles have increasedour numbers , we have in iw . ktt alone shares taken out to the sanotmt of £ 350 , and we are dail y gaining considerable accession , and onr weekly income averages £ 5 . Sow , sir , all we require is tbatjou will pablish both rules , those designated the gilt farthing , and those termed the gold sovereign , to let your reuda-s judge for themselves : ssfcic " n ,

      Mht All* Isdepesdesx Exglkh Chartist, Al...

      with the insertion of this , will «¦" ,. « ... . , dent of any name but his ^ - ^ ge a Charhst , indepen-I am , S \ p vr '' ' - " j JOurs respectfully , Jons Gathard , « . _ . Lambeth District Secretary . 10 , GrangO . Walk , Berrjona sey-sguare . I am not astonished , at the many doubts you create as to the realisation , of hope in the O'Connor lottery , from the very njany successful delusions that have been practised upon the poor people of tins country ; and , lest you should be at a loss for a recent striking illustration , I beg to present you with a letter I have received Item Peterboro ' . Here it is : — Peterboro ' , June 25 , 1845 .

      -Mr . Editor , —I find , in reading O'Connor ' s letter in last t Wek ' s S ( ar , that he has been attacked by — respecting the Land Co-operative Society . Perhaps , you living in London , are not so well acquainted with this gentleman ' s character as we are in Peterboro ' . And , as in his letter he has insinuated that Feargus O'Connor aud Co . intend robbing those whom he succeeds in alluring into his trap , I will inform " you how ¦ ¦ and Co . set a similar trap in Peterboro'and Wisbench , and succeeded in catching about 150 poor devils . He established what he called a United Advancement Society , which was to be for the benefit of the working classes . Each member paid sixpence per week . When there were funds in

      hand sufficient , an estate was purchased ; and the share the poor hard-working fellows that subscribed their money had in it was , to travel twenty miles to look at it ; for he contrived to smash up just at the time the estate was purchased ( as lie had done two or three tunes before ) , and robbed the public to an enormous extent . Sir , I can assure yon he is one of the most barefaced villains that ever crawled the earth . He saved his bacon by making his escape , or he would have been torn to pieces by those poor fellons whom he swindled out of their money . His name is only remembered in Peterboro' to be execrated . Yours , ic , A Sovfereb .

      P . S . —I hope yon will publish this in your widely circulated paper ; it may prevent lism succeeding again . Now , sir , I make no doubt that TOff have heard all about this " mouse-that ; " and no doubt you used your powerful influence in cautioning the people against the scheme of purchasing land with subscriptions of sixpence per week . I shall now publish your notice to correspondents : — O'Cossion ' s Lottery for the Land . —Some lotteries are " all prizes and no blanks , "—this is almost the other way . O'Connor talks of turning the shoemakers of London iuto farmers ; but they are still to work at their own trade . And this is to case the labour market ! Truly , a most Irish proposal ! The working-classes , Mr . Editor ,

      owe you their thanks for cracking O'Connor ' s deaf nut , and shoning its hollowsess—for pointing out the pitfall , which he has covered with grass , to make it look like firm land . False as his Utopia is , still more precarious are the terms by which , even if it could be realised , it Is to beholden . Men are to subscribe—the money is to be entrusted to an irresponsible treasurer—lots are to be drawn —but what if the land , like Buncombe ' s estate , were to be forestalled by a bill of expenses ?—what if the fortunate drawer of a prize found his little plot of land in the air , or somewhere under the tropics ! This getting the land , is something like finding out the longitude , or like a ticket with no soup . Wo ought to call it the " O'Connor sweepstakes . " Is not such a scheme punishable by law ! But

      impostors will never be wanted while there are gulls to believe them . I will suppose that some few shoemakers had taken np the spade and mattock , and become cobbling farmers , after the manner of O'Connor . Would they be freeholders , copyholders , leaseholders , or mere tenants at will ?—Would they get upon bad land or good land!—Would they be able to keep out their neighbour ' s pigs or poultry ; or , worse than all , could they keep the parson from clapping his ten tithing claws upon them—the lawyer from ferrctting them out like rabbits in a warren—the taxnian from scoring them with the devil ' s broad It , for rates and cesses ? Ah , this is blight , and mildew , and failure ! And then their own trustee or landlordwhat warrant hare they , that he would not serve them with a notice to quit , after all their time and trouble —on pretence of being dissatisfied with their management ,

      or their want of due respect for him ; or because of some undermining parasite ; or that he thought it would be better to sell , and have money instead of land ! And would not the lucky five-acre farmer be all the while under the present accursed system , like a toad uudcr a harrow ? For my own part , sooner than buy one of the lottery tickets , to raffle for a bit of land , and hold it ( that is , if I should ever getit ) under such terms as areproposed , I would at once go and take out an allotment at a rent of 3 s . per annum . And such may be had in the neighbourhood of where I reside—when I should realise all the advantages which O'Connor holds out only the chance of obtaining , even if I took his word for that ^ which ( . as Iknou the man ) I am not disposed to do , and should deserve to be cheated , if I did . If I weretolistentohisblarncy . Iamafraidl should lose my bit of cheese , like the crow when the fox flattered it , for being a good singer .

      "AS ISBEPENDEST ENGLISH CnAETtST . " Very , very foolish man ! If the shoemakers choose to work at their trade , am I to prevent them ? While having a resource in the land , which they would not otherwise have , would they , although is existence , be as likely to submit to masters ' reductions , or to compete against those of their trade at work , if reduction was attempted ? Mine isan allurement ; for I well know that , once located upon the land , not a man of them would ever handle an awl again , except to malce shoes in winter for self and family . But it is not an allurement for my own gain , as I have over and over again refused the shoemakers' pressing appeals to become treasurer of their fund . But as to what every man of common sense thinks of the hardship you make of paying rates , tithes , and taxes ; let me tell you a story . When the property tax was

      laid on , the Marquis of Westminster went from the Upper House in a furious passion ; and when he arrived at home he said to his coachman , "John , I am the hardest used man in England . " " Dear a' me , my lord , whatever is the matter ? " " Why , I have £ 12 , 000 a year tax to pay on my property . " "Eh ! that is hard , indeed , my lord ; but I'll tell you how to avoid it . " " llow , John , how V " Why , my lord , Fll change places with rou , axd tay all the tax . " " Pooh , pooh 3 " was of course the only answer tucveryill-usedlovdcouldgivc . Sow , sir , whether do von think it better to PAY poor rates , or to be obliged to LIVE UPON THEM ? Of course , they'll pay poor rates , and tithes , and taxes , and rents into the bargain , but those having all that toT > ay ( aud happy the man who pays the most ) , will have four times as much to spend as they have now , and not one-half the work to earn it . As to the attorney ,

      they may employ one if they like ; but I cannot possibly foresee the remotest prospect of such a person finding his way into one of our societies . Then , sir , as to the landlord serving them with notice to quit , in default of proper management , or due respect , or the undermining parasite . Nonsense , man , you are not in your senses ! The landlord would have no more power over them than you would—he could not serve them with notice to quit . The land would

      be theirs for ever and evek , to will , or sell , or leave to whom they plcasod , upon the one condition of paying £ -5 per annum ; and any tenant who desired to purchase the fee—that is , to pay no rent at all , would have , in the first instance , the option of . doing so ; and in any deed of sale a condition to that effect might be inserted . Having now disposed of your nonsense of the 22 nd , I shall say one word upon tlic half of your letter that appeared in Lloyd ' s paper of last week . That letter is easily

      answered" Men , till they grow sager , Back their opinion with a wager . " I have not got £ 500 to spare , perhaps you have , but I will take the minimum proposed , the " one pound , " and bet you a pound that you cannot prove that you are not the author of the two articles I have fathered upon you , and of the letter signed an " Independent English Chartist . " It will not do to say you are not the author of all . You must show who the author is , or Carpenter must do it for you , and it shall be by an affidavit . The only sensible passage in your letter is

      the concluding one , where you say , " Bur , tubs , what SAME COELD CABRT SO MUCH WEIGHT AS THAT OF Mb . Feabgps O'Co . vxob ? " Aye , what name , indeed , or what name o : ; ght to carry so much weight as that of Mr . Feargus O'Connor ? What name has been so well tried ? "What name hasso successfully withstood the shock of knaves an ! fools ? Now , sir , allow me to ask you a few questions . Why don't you meet me in discussion upon the relative merits of this "horsecheshut and chesnut horse ; " by the way , you say that my Loree is groggy , spavined > and lame ? Wel !»

      Mht All* Isdepesdesx Exglkh Chartist, Al...

      I can cure every one of those defects , as I am a capital farrier , while your hack has an incurable complaint ; he is brokenmvixded , and broken down BEFORE . Do you twig what before means . He picked up some SIXPENNY KAILS when he lost the shoe you speak of . I can draw the thrce-andthreepenny nail out of "William I-wisli-I-mayget-it ' s" foot , and make " Old Billy" as sound as a trout on his fore feet . But why don't you meet me in discussion , especially when Lloyd ' s paper might Tires be induced to give a bit of public meetings interesting to the working classes . Why do vou not

      vary your style a wee bit , instead of showing the one dole self and selfishness under your different disguises ? Why has' not one single man come forward with a name , to uphold your plan or to denounce my plan ! Why have we not the weekly receipts of the " 75 Assurance Association , " with the names of the secretaries , published in Lloyd ' s . Why don't we hear of some expression of public opinion to back it ? Why are you so sore about the " mocse trap V And have not the necessities of this national plan of yours even yet provoked another number of the Common Weal , which was toappear when the position of the society demanded it ? WHO IS YOUR TREASURER ? -WHO

      YOUR TRUSTEES ? -WHO YOUR DIRECTORS ? -WHO YOUR MANAGING COMMITTEE f-WHO YOUR BANKERS ? -AND WHO

      IS YOUR ASSOCIATION , Oil WHERE IS IT ? or when are wc to have the first specimen of this veteran architecture exhibited to the longing eye ? WILLIAM , I WISH I MAY SEE IT . ' Why do you complain that 1 have written three and a half columns , when you know that nearly one and a half was devoted to the publication of matter from the Common . Weal , the Xalional Reformer , and the Srcadcater ? I only wrote two columns , and j ou have written seven columns . Perhaps there is more iu my two columns than in your seven—I suspect there is . Now I have done with you for the present , and shall devote the remainder of my space to my dear ,

      confiding friends , the members of the Chartist Cooperative Association . My beloved friends , it makes my heart bound and rebound with joy to hear and read of the unparalleled success of our regeneration project . Last . week it cost me about £ 15 , to meet aud overcome the follies of Mr . James Hill , published in ttoyd ' s Newspaper from time to time . But it was rendered necessary b y the fact of the land foeinc » hew subject , and tile consequent propriety of answering any objection raised by the jealous , the scheming , the adventurous , and the needy . Whenever anything is proposed for your advantage , socially or politically , the obstructives step in and propose

      something better , and always having the fascination of practicability about it . They never try to beat you oat of a position , but they always try to seduce you from it . Thus , the Sturgites would not oppose you ! O no , but they went considerably further and presented you with the fascinations of ability to cany out what they proposed . So , in 1835-36-37-38 , and 1830 , when we revived the Charter , one and another stepped upon the heels of each man and proposed something practical . I told you many years ago , when the Household Suffrage party sprung up , that as there was no party strong enough to carry that measure , that all they required was our

      co-operation ; and once having abandoned our position , and having joined them , that Household Suffrage and Universal Suffrage would , on the following day , be buried in the same grave . Now , keep that in mind ; they come as near us as they can , and then sell themselves and us , if we would only allow them . This is just the case with the tinkers , who would patch up something to divert public attention from our present plan of regeneration . -Eur they sham , xot no it—so , sever . You have more confidence in me than you ever had in any living man ; and so you ought , for I have fought more battles with you , and have borne my full share of the blows , and have

      had less than my shave of the " prize money . 3 shall now proceed briefly to reply to the objections even of individuals . First , then , some complain of the difficulty of selling this surplus produce . Well , that is a glorious difficulty in imagination . Think of such a difficulty , as working men having more of the produce of their own labour—beef and mutton , and milk , and butter , aud cheese , and poultry , and eggs , and vegetables , and honey , and clothing , and fruit , and pigs—than they know what to do with!—while at present they have but that scanty supply allowed by their masters . And think

      of all these things being fresh and produced by themselves , and think that a surplus of food is better than a surplus of cotton , or ovon of oolb . But to meet the objection , I wish I may see the day when it will be difficult to sell a fat pig or a pound of butter in England , because all have too much . Secondly , I am asked what a man is to do with a cottage and two acres , if he docs not wish to occupy it ? Well , I presume that few such will join this association ; but in such case I assert , without fear of refutation , that any member would receive from a non-member thirty , forty , arfiftypoundsasapreiniumfor his holding , the moment he gets his lease for ever ! And this

      additional value is given to the lot by co-operation , just as fortunes are made by assurance companies , which arc no more or less than co-operative societies for the wealthy . What is a man to do hi sickness ? is another question . What does he do now ? Suppose a colony ofonehundrod , and thatsuch a difficultyshould present itself ; would they not be in a better condition to form a sick club of themselves , while the wholesonieness of their occupation would reduce the clumccs of sickness ? Men must be sick ; and small farmers , above all classes , would bo in the host condition to bear the infliction , as most of them would have families . Letter be sick in a man ' s ow . v bed , than in the

      Bastile . How , if a man could not pay his rent ? Why he should be tubxed out at once , as the failure could only proceed from drunkenness or wilful neglect . It is but 3 d . per day ; and one middling pig , or the fourth part of one cow ' s milk , would pay the rent . How if an occupier died ? Why lie may make his will , and make what disposition he pleases of his land for ever . Could a man purchase his cottage and two acres for ever , and do away with the rent ? Certainly ; and , from first appearances , I trust we shall be in a position not to sell a morsel ; and my opinion is , that each holder with moderate prudence might purchase his allotment in tive years or less : and 0 !

      how that desire would sweeten every hour ' s additional labour—even by moonlight . May God grant me life just to sec one colony purchased by the occupants , and my labour shall not be wanting . In tact , my every attention shall be directed to that point . How arc tailors and shoemakers to . learn the science of agriculture ? Nothing more easy . How did they learn an artifical trade ; and , moreover—all bear tin ' s in mind—where there is a demand there is sure to be a suptly . And you may rest assured that if one colony was planted to-morrow , that , before that day week , they would have just the supply needed of the best practical farmers and best practical gardeners to sell tUciv knowledge . Thus one man would require a lesson from either , for a day , or two , or three , at the important seasons of the

      year , and would be able to pay 5 s . a day for the instruction ; and three or four good masters would live well , and well earn their money . A lesson to one is a lesson to all , at agriculture , but at nothing else . What can a man do upon two acres ? No man that ever was in England , or in the world , could cultivate two acres to the best advantage ; and what breaks the fanner ' s back , is being obliged to pay rent for more land than he can cultivate to advantage . It is sheer dead loss . The very worst circumstanced two acres is too much for a man to manage well ; too little to make a bankrupt of him . What would the occupiers do without horses ? Just as I do now : hire them when they require t hero , instead of keeping one for 3 G 5 days to do 10 days' work , or not so much . j £ 30 is too little to build a house : yes , but enough to wake a comfortable cottage , that the

      Mht All* Isdepesdesx Exglkh Chartist, Al...

      owser fob ever- may add to at pleasure—better than a room in another man ' s house , a lodging in a cellar , or a pallet in the Bastile . HOW ABOUT MACHINERY ? It would then be man ' s holiday . If we had a demand , we should very soon have threshing machines , . draining machines , and all sorts of machines , ^ doing for fourpencc what , in his individual capacit y , it would cost a man five shillings' worth of labour to perform . Get the demand , aud don't you tear the supply . It would be worth five shillings of a man ' s labour , at the then value , to thrash twenty stone of wheat ; a machine , belonging to another man who had no land , would do it fov sixpence , awi h «

      would save 4 s . Cd . —that is the value of co-operation . Could the landlord turn him . out ? Fudge ! nonsense . No ; no more than he could meet him and rob him on thelkighway , without the danger of being transported . Could- a mas starve ? Yes , certainly , if he wishes ; but now he must , whether he likes it or not . Could the members be prosecuted ? Most assuredly ; but then I would give a trifle to sec the indictment framed against men for offering to buy land that was offered for sale , or for subdividing it , or letting it , or tilling it . It would be a gem of an indictment . Is it according to first principles to buy what belongs to you ? Yes , if you cannot otherwise get it . Has the present generation a right to deal

      with land for ever ? I only deal with circumstances as they present themselves , I allow future generations to correct the blunders wc may fall into , just as I would correct those of our ancestors ; but if I live for 1000 years , then I'll be talking to you about that ; as the judges say , " when the case arises , we'll deal with it . " I never create obstacles , I remove them . Are the parties engaged in arranging the preliminar ies honest ? Yes , as tub suh . Will you l ' ob our cash ? I could not if I would . I would not if I could . Will Mr . Roberts ? Yes , certainly , till you require it ; but then , on the moment , you will have it , with bank interest , aud without the deduction of ths fraction of a fartliinsr . But if he should die ? More

      would be the pity , but he would leave your money von you after him . But he does not , thank God , look like a dying man . Will you leave the country , Mr . O'Connor ? What is that to you if Ido—I won't take any of your money with me . Can the society fail ? Can the people be hoaxed or dc . ce . iyqd . ? Jnr 03 sjBj . i > VnioLLv , UfJEliLy , AXD es ' tjiIely impossible . Are the rules , as they how stand , binding ; or can they be altered and amended , so as to give general satisfaction to those for whose advantage the society is established ? The present rules are only binding upon the present managers * When the' association numbers 2000 members , several queries will

      be submitted , through the Northern Star , to save expense of printing circulars , and a full and ample opportunity will he afforded for such alterations , emendations , and corrections as the majority shall think proper to adopt ; when they will also have the power of electing their own treasurer , president , trustees , and committee of management . I shall propose myself as managing steward , without salary , and liable to be removed at pleasure , at a minute ' s notice , on payment of no wages , and no questions asked . William , you wished you might get—now you

      have got it ; and how do you like it ? I remain , my dear friends , Your ever faithful and unpurchaseable servant , Feaugus O'Connor . P . S . —This is a long letter , but it is worth every word that will bo iu Lloyd ' s for the next six months . Every man should read my work on Small Farms ; and when I tell you that I sold the copyright , and that I have no interest in its sale , except the good it will do , perhaps Mr . Hill may say that it is no harm to buy it , if I get nothing from the sale . —F . O'C .

      To William Carpenter, Selector Of Articl...

      TO WILLIAM CARPENTER , SELECTOR OF ARTICLES FOR LLOYD'S NEWSPAPER . You Mbax-stouted , Sxeaki . no Cur!—Your adoption of anonymous productions and other persons , effusions shall not altogether screen you from punishment . I shall treat you as the author of tho following notice to correspondents in Lloyd ' s paper of Saturday last . You and your scheming coadjutors shall have a dose of it now . Here is your notice : — Shaw and John Gothahd . —Two letters with these names attached have been received , the writers of both volunteering , and apparently exceedingly anxious , to liberate " William Wish-I . may-get . it" from the Chartist

      mouse-trap , and to pay back the amount of his subscription . Some persons might wonder at this unusual benevolence , and inquire how it should occur that there was this ex ' reme anxiety manifested on the part of strangers to relieve the gufftu ' ci ' . The case Is apparent enough , We told William Wish-I-may-get-it that lie had onl y to apply to Mr . Feargus O'Connor , or to Mr . Thomas Fronting Roberts , at 310 , Strand , who , if they were to be found , \ yould , as having rendered themselves liable to a penalty under 7 and 8 Vict ., cap 110 , for establishing and promoting a joint stock company without registering it , be too glad to relieve themselves of a troublesome customer . It appears that they have taken the hint , and in order to

      allay the panic , ami prevent No . 310 , Strand , from being besieged by a troop of hungry applicants from Commercialroad East , Lambeth , and other districts inhabited by their dupes , it has been arranged that the subalterns in tlie different districts should come forward , and , ifpossible , prevent such a state of things . Accordingly , both the parties who write these letters present themselves on behalf of their employers , and express a desire to pay the money . It is much more agreeable to pay one person voluntarily , than have to pay one hundred by compulsion : and , then , if the money wore publicly returned , many persons would not see through the operation , and their apprehensions would be allayed . Both these benevolent individuals also

      represent themselves as officials . John Gothnrdsignshimself District Secretary ¦ , and J . Shaw , Delegate of the Convention at which the rules were drawn up . The latter wishes to be responsible for a share in the paternity of the rales . This proposal to father the illegitimate bantling by one of the subalterns , reminds us of similar cases , where John the footman marries the housemaid , and , by becoming father of the child , relieves the master from a good deal of odium . We know nothing of Mr . Shaw , except as the writer of this letter ; but in the report of the Convention ( contained in the Northern Slar ) , when this land plan

      was developed , we find that " Mr . J . Shaw thought the land plan was an excellent means of obtaining the franchise . " Capital ! Hiring a £ 30 cottage and a potatoe plot , at £ 5 per annum , to give the right of voting ! Mr . J . Shaw afterwards moved , " That each delegate , on his return to his respective district , use his utmost influence with his constituents to cause them to pay up all arrears , also to cause them to immediately take out new cards , hand-books , Ac ., that the debts of the association may be liquidated , and the officer ' s pay permanently secured" This contains a solution of the euigima .

      You nasty filthy fellow , you say , in spcahing of me and Mr . Robert ? , " If met w ^ be to be fouxo . " Give mc leave to tell you that I am always to be found in my ow . v house , and never iu a brothel ; I never was in one in my life , not even in Pourucal-str bet . My name is not to bo found in the baxkrupt list , nor is my residence to be learned from my schedule and when I am found , I am always sober ; I never was drunk , tfon- , then , can you say ditto to al ] these things , or to any one of them . So much lot myself , and now one word upon your rascally , mean attempt to pervert the words of Mr . Shaw to the injury of a project that you dread . You try to raise up tire Chartist Association and the dehts due hy several districts , with the Chartist Co-operative Land

      plan ; aud you say , " this contains a solution of the enigma . " Aye , so it does , but it is a solution of the lengths that a big blackguard would go to serve a purpose . You knew full well that the observations of Mr . Shaw were directed to the Chartist Association . Youknew that there wcrcnosuchthings as hand-books connected with the Land Association ; you knew that no arrears could he due by the land members on the formation of the Association , now the matter under discussion ; you knew that it was not in existence ; you knew that the Land Association could owe no debts , and that therefore they need not bo liquidated ; you knew that our secretary had furnished a list ot the outstanding debts of the " Chartist Association , " and that it was to those debts that Mr . Shaw ' s observations had reference . Now then , is " this a bowjiios of tub inio . ha" for you ? As to Mr ,

      Shaw and Mr . Gathard—not Gothard , as you have it—they are , both the one and the other , much more respectable men than ever you were or ever will lie . But let us have * ' William I-wish-I-may-gct-it ' s " name ; he , at all events , can have no delicacy in screening Mr . Roberts and me from the legal consequences of being officers of an illegal association . You and your staff may back him ; or you may take out shares , and sue as members ; and I'll meet you all . My good fellow , you had better not throw-any more of your filth ; for be assured you shall get blow tor blow , and a blow too many . I don't care what you publish , if you put the names of the writers ; and as for leading articles , you must do as you best can about them , as you never could write one in your life . Feauoi-s 0 'Cos . nor .

      ^ /^^^^ ^ / Y^R^ ^^ Y^-

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      Die Ji*Tct|Ei?It Mm And National Trades'...

      die Ji * tct | ei ? it Mm AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL ^ ^^ ^¦¦ iL / i

      . ~ -^ ....X... ^J.X J ^ U V_/ Yj A.Dxmx...

      . ~ - ^ .... x ... ^ j . x j ^ u v _/ yj A . DXMX-LJ * VOL . VIII . NO . 3 ^ 9 . LONDON , SATURDilV" ^!^ ™ 1845 ~ ™*» " ^ al ^ r ™ » ^ - " - J- v " - ^^ > y J-j A O , 1 . 0-i . O . Fixe shillings nn , i Sixpence pev Qunrtci *

      Tfomtpt Mtjiistmt* .

      tfomtpt MtJiistmt * .

      France " . The Chamber Of Deputies Voted...

      FRANCE " . The Chamber of Deputies voted the budget of expenditures ( supplies ) for lSdOon Friday wc ; k bv a majority of 232 to 45 . The Chamber a fter wards proceeded to discuss the bill relative to the execution ot tlte convention for the repression of the slave-trade . M . Maugnin alone opposed the grant of the credit demanded for - . that object . The bill , passed by 243 against 1 . The sums voted without discussion or division , for the improvement of the coast defences of France , amount to 2 S , 700 , 000 francs . On Mondav the Chamber voted a sum of 2 , 030 , 000 francs for repairing the cathedral of Paris , by a majority of 23 ] to 4 . Tho session is drawing to a close as evidenced by the wholesale flight of the Deputies to the provinces . The strike of the Paris carpenters still

      continues , their work being done by soldiers . The lodgments in tho saving-banks of Paris on the 20 th and 30 th ult . amounted to 53 C , 120 f ., and the reimbursements to , l , 025 , 000 f . These returns show how heavily the straggle of the carpenters presses on the operative classes ; for a good deal of the excess of the reimbursements over the payments was , we arc assured , ascribablc to that cause . A statement by the Unioers to the effect that the Papal Government had resolved not to meddle with the Jesuit question , which Baron Rossi , on the part of France , was charged to bring before his Holiness , has called from the J 9 c 6 at 3 a sarcastic article , to the effect that , iu compliance with so prudent a determination , supposing it { 9 be { rue . the J a . wggf the land aflecting the wcsulis should be dawied out .

      SPAIN . General Narvaez addressedtonthe 19 th ult ., a circular to the authorities " of the kingdom , raui ' mliug them that" Don Carlos and his family were outlaws , banished from Spain , excluded by the constitution and by special laws from the succession to the throne , and deprivedof their rights as Infants , " and commanding them " to pursue to death their partisans who should enter the Spanish territory , and , if already residing therein , to have them tried in the shortest and most summary manner by court-martial , as traitors and declared enemies of the throne and

      libcrticj of the nation . " This circular was published officially in the Gazcttcof the 23 rd . The Espeetador has been acquitted by the jury impanelled to try it upon an indictment for having published seditious libels against the Ministry . The majority was 10 against 2 , and the verdict was received with loud applause . A report had been spread of disturbances having broken out at Valencia , but the rumour was not confirmed . The editors of the Clamor Publico arc in closeconfinement at Cadiz , That paper announces that , on the 26 th , several officers belonging to the garrison of Madrid were broke , or put under arrest .

      SWITZERLAND . A Geneva Journal states that the instructions given by tho different cantons to the deputies for the approaching diet arc much more explicit on the question of the Jesuits than those for the last diet . It is already known , says this journal , that ten states and two half states will vote for their expulsion by any means necessary to attain that end . St . Gall will give no instructions on this point , hut it is supposed that if Geneva should declare for tho expulsion , there would be no doubt of a majority . The lrunicipal elections at Lucerne have commenced , and as yet , according to the New Zurich Gazette , been so much in favour of the Liberals as to havo given great alarm to the Government , which hits augmented its patrols , and taken other measures to prevent a rising of the Liberal party .

      PORTUGAL . The most extraordinary activity is displayed , on the part both of the Government aud of the Opposition , in preparing for the approaching elections , and the contest is conducted with more than usual bitterness . The election takes place this month . Two persons were tried on the 10 th for participation by connivance in the revolt of Torres Novas , 1 G months since . The jury acquitted them . They'had been imprisoned more than a twelvemonth , and for a time transported to Madeira .

      GREECE . Athens , June 20 . Our Chambers are getting on slowly , the Senate has voted the taxes on bees , honey , & c , and some minor things . They have also voted the Civil List , which had already passed the Lower Chamber ; the King will have thus 1 , 000 , 000 drachms ( nearly £ 37 , 000 ) per annum . They also passed the Budget of expenses for three months , as the whole Budget is not presented yet . Brigandage and murders continue ; even in the capital assassinations arc of daily occurrence . This very morning a man was stabbed in the high street . The people in authority have lost

      every idea of decency and propriety . People in high stations publicly associate with known brigands , and this very week robbers were arrested by the gendarmerie on the premises of one of .. pur first , dignitaric ( a right-hand man of Colletti ' s ) , where he . had given them an asylum . In open day a carriage was attacked on the road to the Pmcus , and a money changer ( a Seraff ) robbed of 7 , 000 drachms . Bothc and the coachman were severely wounded , anh were only saved from being murdered by the approacd of other carriages . The robbers are . said to bli Government people , perhaps some of the late ame nestled brigands .

      SYRIA . The Syrian question seems now to bo pretty quiet . In the jiiidst of the late struggle between the Maronitcs and Druses , it is said the American Protestant missionaries acted a noble part . They remained in the villages after they had been burnt and sacked , dressed the wounds of the Mavonites , and then went and performed the same good offices towards tho Druses , being equally beloved and respected by both , and this whilst Catholic priests were put to death by the Druses , as public nuisances ! We learn that

      Vedjchi Pacha had established his camp at tfahli , so as to occupy a position which separates tho Druses from the Maronites , ready to fall upon each other , and who arc restrained by his presence alone . It is now evident , beyond all doubt , that the Christians were the provokers and originators of the recent massacres . Stimulated by ' their infamous priests , they commenced a war of extermination against the Druses . The latter , however , were more than a match for their assailants , and retaliated with fearful vengeance ; hence the slaughter and desolation of which Europe has recently hoard so much .

      INDIA AND CHINA .-OvEittAND Mail . Dispatches by extraordinary express from Marseilles , in anticipation of the Overland Mail from India , reached London on Tuesday . The dates are Bombay , May 20 th ; Calcutta , 10 th ; Madras , the 10 th ; Scuulc , ' . the 10 th ; Lahore , 1 st May ; and China , March 20 . The news by this conveyance , although not destitute of interest , is of little political importance . It is something , however , to know that nothing has occurred to disturb the general tranquillity which has prevailed throughout India for some time past . From Scindc we hear that the Bhoogtecs , with Begar Khan at their head , have been at their old trade again ; but in an attack on the Murrccs were not only defeated , but compelled to disgorge their more recently acquired booty . The affairs of the Punjaub had undergone little alteration for the better . From Cabool we learn that Dost Mali omed had become alarmed , and had abandoned his designs upon Peshawur ; and it is not probable that

      his son will succeed in inducing the troops at Jcllalahad to advance against the Sikhs . The Sirdars of Candahar are evidently in dread of the military preparations of Sir Charles Napier , for they have requested the interposition of Dost Mahomed to prevent him from attacking them . From Central India wcivgrct to learn that the apprehensions entertained sometime since as to a probable deficiency of water in Malwa , have been sadly realised . The sufferings of the people , in consequence of the unusual scarcity , are described as great . Sir Henry Ifardinge continued at Calcutta . The only news frani China is of a commercial character . The Chinese seem disposed to carry out their treaty with this country with good faith , and with that view our troops arc preparing to withdraw from the Chusan Islands . Loxnox , Friday Morkixg . — Letters were yesterday received from Caleutta down to the 13 th of M « y , from which we learn that on the vth a dcstractiYe

      fire broke out in the office buildings of Messrs . Macvicar , Smith , and Co ., which , with all thoy contained , were entirely destroyed , books , papers , and all , lhe lire soon seized the premises of Messrs . Sewers and Co ., adjoining , which quickly shared the same fate ; hero , fortunatelv , a portion of the books , property , ffcc , was saved . Messrs . Ivilbyand Co ., also were sufferers , but principally in household lunuturc . How the fire originated was not known . 1 he loss ot Macvieav , Smith , and Co ., is estimated at about 2 * lakhs of rupees . The total loss of all , including tl . e buildings , is estimated at about 5 av 6 lakhs , buch a lire , it is be'icved , has not occurred m Calcutta since it was taken by Surg-oo-dowlah in 17-50 .

      Glasgow. The Poor Law.—A Public Meeting,...

      GLASGOW . The Poor Law . —A public meeting , called on a requisition to the chief magistrate , to consider the Sow l ' mv Law Hill for Scotland , at present pending in the House ot Commons , was held in the City Hall , on Monday evening . James Turner , Esq ., of Thrush lirove , in the chair . The committee used every exertion to make the meeting as effective as possible ; but I regret to say that they were not supported by the masses themselves as tifey ought to have been ; and , as to the hollow professions ofot her parties , their pretended sympathies vanished ^ when the night of meeting came . Upwards of one hundred clergymen had been invitedj-niid nearl y as manv others of our

      most influential citizens , yet only two ( clergymen ) out of the whole uinnbevl specially imii ' cii found it convenient to attend . . . This was what might have been expected . Those who laboured with apd for the " unemployed" ( luring the late panic , cottld ^ have informed the committee that little sympathy with the poor wan to be expected from the pei'sonsjippenled to in the present instance . The committcc , * in their deswe to secure the co-operation of all whose services might 6 o considered calculatocNo give . an impetus to the tide sett ' mg " in against the obnoxious clauses in the Lord Advocate ' s bill , in an cvil'liour-acccptcd the oik ml services of that most impracticable of all mcu , the Ubv . Patrick Buewstek , of Paisley . The meeting was not so numerously attended as we had hoped for ,

      only about nine hundred being present at the hour of meeting . At a meeting of the committee and other fVjends in the " ante room , previous to the chair being taken , Brewster urged the propriety of adjourning the meeting , and allow Win to deliver a lecture upon , the rights of tho poor , instead of going , cm with the business as arranged by the committee / ' To satisfy him , a vote was taken upon this extravagant proposition , when every one present , with the exception of himself and another , voted for going on with the business . On the chair being taken , Brewster was called en as the first speaker , when , true to himself , after a long speech , instead of moving the resolution with which lie had been entrusted , he moved the very resolution upon which he had been all but

      unanimously defeated In the ante room . An amendment was moved by some unknown party ; but from some unaccountable fatality none of the iniiucn'ial members of the committee ruse to olfcrany opposition ; the result was , the Brewster motion was carried , on which the whole committee , with the exception of two , rose and left the hall , and were followed by at least threefourths of the meeting . Brewster , notwithstanding , delivered his lecture , and at a few minutes to eleven o ' clock moved the appointment of a committee to act in concert with the old committee , in getting up another meeting . Mr . Colquhoun said that Mr . Browser must not be mistaken regarding the old committee . That body had met since their retirenient from the meeting , and had unanimously dc- '

      elared their fixed resolution not to take any part in the getting up of the adjourned meeting spoken of by Mr . Brewster . After a good deal of angry _ debate between tho rev . gcntl-. 'inan and several parties present , he moved " that those on tho platform , " himself , Cullcn , and M'l ' arlane , "form the committee , with power to add to their number . " My onl y motive in saying a single word regarding this unfortunate meeting is , that I wish to guard other parties against the dogmatic and impertinent conduct of tho ltcv . Mr . P . Brewster , of Paisley , whossc past history should form a ocacon to all those with whom he may come in contact . As to his superior knowledge of the laws of Scotland bearing upon the rights of the casual poor to relief , "it is all moonshine . " "Tho

      court of session" has settled the question in the caso of Widow Duncan , of Ceres , therefore it is not necessary to search the archives of our Scottish legislature , or jurisprudence , for four or five hundred years back . The point has been settled in our own day ; let us , therefore , maintain the right of the poor to appeal to the supreme court , and let us sustain the judges in this noble decision against the heritors , servile elders , and trimming priesthood . —Correspondent . [ Wc had hoped better things of the Glasgow people than to hear of their apathy on a subject of such vital importance as the projected alteration of the Scotch Poor Law . But if wc are surprised at the apathy ot the Glasgow people , wc arc still more astonishedat the suicidal act of the committee , in connecting themselves with some of tho parties named in the report , especially the notorious Priest Buewstku . After the experience which the Glasgow people havo had of that venomous monk ' s conduct , it docs appear

      to us passing strange that they should ever again have li'iistcctliiiii , or imagined for a moment that he was capable of anything else than treacherously destroying the cause he professed to advocate . As well might wc hope the serpent or the crocodile to change their natures as the Paisley Pope to become anything else than what he has always been—an ambitious , badhearted , meddling Priest . The ruin of Chartism in the west of Scotland iswholly chargeable to Brewster , M'Faulaxe , Cullex , and the gang of whom they are the leaders . God pity the poor when their cause is left to the tender mercies of such men !_ The letter of our Glasgow correspondent is anything but encouraging . ' Wc , however , have given it insertion , because the truth should be known , ami because it may serve to put the people of other places on their guard against the damaging interference of that incarnation of egotism and treachery , Priest Brewster . -Ed . JV . &] EDINBURGH .

      The Poor Law . —We find that the people of Edinburgh have taken up this question , as the following- paragraph from the Kilhibargh Weekly Keyister , of the 25 th ult ., will show t—Tut : Poor Laws . —A lecture on the subject of the Poor Laws , having special reference to the necessity of providing relief for able-bodied workmen out of employment , was delivered on Wednesday night , by the ll « v . Mr . Brewster , of Vaisley , in Dr . lUehiu ' s church . A . meeting was fixed for Friday evening , which accordingly tookvlace ou the Carlton Hill . The assemblage would number about lire hundred , composed chiefly of ( lie working-classes . The Rev . Air . Urewstcr called upon all to come forward at the present juncture , and unite in opposing the Poor Law Hill of the Lord Advocate . The meeting was subsequently addressed by Mr . Kobort Peddie anil others ; and a petition , embodying the sentiments expressed by Mr . JJrewster , was adopted , and agreed to be sent to the House of Commons .

      Tnu.Vnr.R Storm.—Barnslet, Ti.Ur^Av Even...

      Tnu . vnr . R Storm . —Barnslet , Ti . ur ^ av Evening , Foun O'Clock . —I hasten to inform you that wc have just been visited by the most awful thunder-storm ever experienced in the memory of the oldest inhabitant . The electric fluid was awfully vivid , and the thunder was terrific . A shower of hail followed for about twenty minutes ; the hailstones measured about half an inch in diameter , Fortunately tncrc has been no injury to life ; but the hail has

      made dreadful havoc in all parts of the town , and many hundreds of panes of glass , if not thousands , have been broken . The water came down that part of the tlte town called Wilson ' s-piccc in one mighty torrent , and the houses at the bottom were comp lctclv flooded . There muse have been a great deal of damage done in the neighbourhood , but wc have not yet heard the particulars . —P . S . Since writing the above , 1 have learned that the co . ta ^ e eardens , in some cases , are completely destroyed , aud fn others much injured .

      Another Child Murder at Greenwich . —Late on Wednesday night , as Serjeant George Wilson , of the 11 division of Police , was going his rounds , near iMackhcath , he heard some children say that a young woman , named Mary Ann Eager , living at tho "Cavern , " under Blackheath-hill , with her parents , had committed a murder . On instituting inquiries , as he preceded on his beat , he discovered the report to be too true . Ho then went to the house of her lather , who is a working gardener , and saw ; her mother , absorbed in the utmost distress . Serjeant Wilson learnt from the neighbours that the young woman had delivered herself , about three o ' clock in the afternoon , of a female child , and that after douv so , she proceeded down stairs from her bed-room ,

      to take tea with her mother , and thcJattcrsuspecting that something was wrong , went up stairs , and found the infant lying dead in a pool of blood on the floor . On examining further , it was ascertained that tho jugular vein and carotid artery were separated , causing instant death . A pair of scissors were found lying in the blood , which had evidently been used foe the purpose , as the wound appeared jagged , and cut in those places as if done by such an instrument . Information was forwarded late at night to Dr . Mitchell , of Royal Circus-street , and Mr . Hatch , of Blackhoath-hil ! , surgeon , who attended immediately , and after examining the body , jdeclarcd it to have been born alive . The prisoner , who is under the surveillance of the police , is confined to Iter bed , in a dangerous state .

      Accident o . n the Bristol and Birmixcham Raizc way . —Collision op Trains . — On Thursday afternoon a collision between two trains occurred on thia lino . The train which loft G loucester at half-past ten , for Birmingham , on reaching Camp Hill came ia sight of a train proceeding from Birmingham on tho same line of rails , and ere the engines could be reversed both trains came into collision , one engine being completely destroyed , and the other very nearly so , by the shock . One of the engine drivers and one of the stokers jumped off , but the former was severely hurt , having fallen on his back on the rails : the stoker was likewise hurt , but not so seriously . The men on the other engine escaped . As to the passengers , several have been more or less hurt , but it is not supposed that any of tho case * will terminate fatally ,

      R \ ( 1 X

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 5, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05071845/page/1/