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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th December 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 3, Tlffi. REFORM MOVEMENT IN FRANCE. BTOiri...

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      Decembeb 4, 184?. - ^_ ^-. ¦ ^ ;V7?He N-...

      Decembeb 4 , 184 ? . - ^_ ^ -. ¦ ^ ; v 7 ? HE N-. QRTira & N STAR . ^ " ** ¥ 3

      Ftottrp

      ftottrp

      The Age Op Peace . Bt Sssest Jokes. Men!...

      THE AGE OP PEACE BT SSSEST JOKES . Men ! erultwlth one another . See how wrong and bloodshed cease ! tj £ n in man beholds a brother'Tis—oh ! 'tis the age of peace ! peace ! ha ! ha ! be wind andvapsur , Foolish thought of feeble sonl , Keep alight thy twinkling taper , While the whirlwind seeks its goal ! Hark ! from distant eastern waters , To the farthest western wave , Comes the voict ef many slaughters . O ' er the earth ' s unclosing grave .

      Hark ! in seas of China booming , How the land artiUery roar §; And a thousand masts are looming Oa La Kat » 's battered shores . Hark ! the Caffir groans unheeded , Scourged by strong invader ' s hand ; And the Indian lanes is needed To defend the Afghan ' s land * . Hark ! along the wlie Zabara , Binza the Toller— fiamea the steel - From Morocco to Baccara Columns march ani squadrons wheel : Hark ! byOtabeite ' s garden . Threats and flames tha French corvette And the blackened bodies harden , ' Where the west its wigwam set . Hark ! to slaughter s ruddy riot ,

      Where Sew Z-jaland ' s mountains goar-And tbe gathering storm ' s unquiet , Over Madagascar ' s shore . Hirk ! between the Grecian islands , Speeds the fleet with captive crowds ; Sark ! along Albanian highlands , Lie the dead ia blood ? shrouds . Sark ! beneath Ch-cassia * g mountains , Moloch sports with human right , Teins are torrents , hearts aw fountains , For the streams of Freedom ' s fight . Then ! exult with one another . See , how wton ; ani bloodshed cease 1 Han in man beholds a . "brother—• lis—oh ! 'tis the age of Peace !

      Peace ! Tha lightning-shaft must shatter Chains , the sunshine cannot part . Peace with all your canting clatter ! Sword in hand ! and hope iu heart ! " Oh ! bsl this is all the ravage O / untained barbarian life V If ot so—European savage I It is yon who brought the strife . Go to each enlightened nation ! Little need afar to roam—. Bid your mild civilisation Look at home—ay ! look at home ! Hark ! Ia plains of Poland blighted , Murdered men in myriads fall ; And the fires of faith are lighted In the Minsk confessional . Hark ! the Anstrians in Ferrara .

      And the Goth has passed the Po , And the Pontiffs peace-tiara Is a helm to fight tie foe ! 'Sark ! there ' s murder in Messina ; Treachery rules tn JTsbUs' bay , TrTiera Sicilia's crowEed bjsena Reigns t » trample , lives to slay Hark ! In Spain the armies gather . Myriads fell where myriad J fall !

      In the Asturias stormy weather , Treasoa in the capital . Hark ! Oporto ' s lines are tinted Red with sally and assault ; And the fields of fight are stinted But to All the prison-vault . ** Sark ! The Swiss to battle sounding Clans on clans defying call ; ~* l £ ii tbe bayonets ai ! -sarrounding Of the Austrian and tbe Gaul .

      Hirk ! the mason's horrid clangour Piles the fort round Paris' streets , To defy a nation's auger Ai a crowned impostor ' s cheats . All thy cannon will be wanted When thy withered pulses cease , Tor thy death-bed will be haunted , Thou Napoleon of Peace ! Hark ! ' mid Mexico ' s surrender , Comes a challenge ill repressed . -Where ' s thy honour J poor prei-ader ! Shame ! Republic jf the West . Talk no more of freedom ' s glory , Manhood's truth and people ' s right ; Thy " jfryw * ** en slavery ' s back are gory , Taj «• stars" shine truly , bat in night .

      M turn to mark thy institutions , Tica's fcingly semblance tefce I Highly child of revolutions , Touag America , awake ! Hark to bleeding Ireland ' s sorrow ! Tyrants , take yoar fill to-night ; 'lis the people ' s turn to-morrow—Waitawhile . 'TwillsoonbeKgbt ! Hark to England ' s voi . se of wailing I "SoX alone tbe People rue ; -Commerce tarries—banks arefaaing , And the smiter ' s smitten too .

      baffled League and palsied faction , Lards of land and lords of trade , Stagger ' aeath the vast reaction . Of the rain they have made . Hark ! the poor are starving daily ; Goldisjingling , bayonets clank ; Hark I the great are living gaily , And corruption ' s smelling rank . Hot the sands ef time are rnantrg ; Ever hops , and as ver fear ! Oh ! the people ' s hour is coming ! Oh ! the people ' s hour is near I Then ! exult with one another ,

      Then shall wrong and bloodshed cease ; Man in man respect a brother , And the world be won for peace !

      Sefo' E To*

      Sefo ' e to *

      The Labourer, A Mbnthy Magazine Of Pou T...

      THE LABOURER , A MbntHy Magazine of PoU tics . literature , Poetry , £ e . Edited by Feargos O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., andErnest Jones , Esq ., London : ifortf era Star Office , 16 , Great Windmill-Etreet , Ilaymarker , This number concludes the second volume of The JL & B 3 DBEB , which hasacojiired a Circulation nnparalelodin the history of similar publicttions . A portrait of Mr O'Connor is eontained in tkis number , and will be a Stting and admired embellishment to theTolama . The splendid poem by Ernest Jones , given aboTe , is extracted from tha number . We regard that poem as one of the very bast of Mr Jones ' s poetical productions . The glowing account « f the strnesles , triumphs , reverses , and fate , of the

      celebrated Tribune , Rienzi , reflects great credit on Mr Jones . Poland , too is a favourite theme with Ih-tcentleman , who , this month , m addition to his SnlSrrinz -Romanceof a People , ' favours his S 2 F 3 L a review , ( unnnished , but to be com-Sud iu tha next namter , ; of Count Krosnisbis £ vfc « ted work , the * Infernal Comedy . ' Our old l ^ nd Kvdd whoAppears to be quite a rising man , Si ^ lrafor aSa writer ^ . coutribntesa leughy Stide on ' The Morality of Commerce , which £££ thus named , is reafl ? an e *^ TA « M immorality of the commercial classes . , Mr Kydd * E a & ef inquiry into oar commercial morality ahostof witnesses , celebrated men belonginz to all ? SS w * u are evidence of a most

      & rdir » character , respecting the kidnapping or ¦ SchferTand the cruelties inflicted upon them i ^ factori ^ the rascaiities . of the truck system ? the fabrication of spoons cntlery , clo ^ , -Soe ' , & c ; the aduHeration of *»* . * % *«• We give the conc l uding portion of Mr Kydd ' * ^ rid ^ ndncted on lts p resent principles coatanii . aates all that it touches . The famwned Highlanderor Salted paup £ ^^ . ^ SL ^ S ^ ^ h & tt- ^* 2 *^& 2 ttX ' okrf &» e our ct

      every oao , _ , « x « ira asktd every oa « o »« , " ~ T mt nriacia «• Iflwsreastad fee weal * o * %££ %£ *» * <* " * 8 { 8 ta of would answer , * Fen « rf we P ^ , woods n , ked { m ° r- tTtSn fo ^ acSonrt oe with tbe deri „ when born , ^/ " ^^ onld emerge from the « f vice ! better W lWJJ , developement vnn aU tud of its infant »^ , ™ £ ^ lnsir * . tt » b . f" ^^ tauefaoods . ' Tetsuch . ' of reSrelcruel ^ and rapacious ^ , &«*« . she boasts ef aiming at tte _ c « iiu ^ ^ sss ^ siw ri ^ . Iwl-j

      ^ oVfne linen presents ^ SSrSTS S 5 » i ^ - -- - ^ -1 * ctanUand manrrfactnras , who «« Jbcr are ^ i be , ths rulers of mankind , ' ™ * J * * , ] ^ Jt rules lusbecome theory principle thaJg » " * ^ to in St Stepnen ' . and regulates the &<*» n ^ ATL ^ gtjc lataepSit , ^^^ " P ^ SSS . 4 m hearth ; even life is as » W » * »^ S ** " natter if a hundred coUier . ^ * " ** " »^ aofb ias Ib 6 irm ^ ed * 30 diesand * ffC « Jin 5 tnTW » ar !"

      The Labourer, A Mbnthy Magazine Of Pou T...

      K ^^ a ?^*^* S ^ ssa-ffiaa ra ' ar SWfiiaa lairiy-eigEt , But what matters tbe kUU „ e of half the H 2 E & wehaT 8 oa * cheapcotton ^ "S EXft l thlrt r , 8 ht ? s «> -t > y gentry and their fami-Uesfifty-two How foolish to regret the murder o ! onefor J . « ' , °£ ? ' When baUnced * # >* the land * lord s p « rld « s hares . rabbits , and rent ?

      Eiader ! Do you aay how true is all I have written ? But can yon say jou are freefrom tbe charge ? I fMr we are all implicated . But must we remain so ? The question rqaireiananswer-and it is for yon to reply . Have you settled dowa in the school of ease , content with things as they are I Hava yoa agreed to move through life , sometia-ej bowing your head to let tho wave pass over , as a timid bay who bathes and canaot swim ? Ar < s yon to be a footman wearing livery and kneel ' ng at the door of custom , jerking round the cornets tobs out of sight , and playing at hide and seek for lie . sapple and humble to day for a shilling , honouring wealth with man ' s worsVp to a god , and wearing the old notions of men in mental aloth and worthless laziness ! If so , far you at least there is little hope S yoa are inleading-. slriugi , and cannot help « cur = elf .

      Bat thoujh from yon we may net even receive sympathy , yet thrre is much to bo hosed for from the progressioaofman . , Time is the fwat revolutionist , the rectifier of all . and the reign of evil will yet pass away for the empire of goad . Xo branch of history , literature , or science , ev * n now , is free from ianoiatioa . Cariyle has givea history a new dress ; Lsmartine has changed the garb of Robespierra Lyell has been at tha falls of Niagara , and fonnd for creation a new date ; Chanaing has mad * an old creed the alembic for a new philosophy ; Mood has rendered ihe distresses of needlo-women as immortal as tbe death of Hector ; and Mackie . with the foresight of poetic prepheey , has said truly , ' There ' s a good time coming . ' . No institution is safe from the

      naw idsas in which tbe spirit of the age bis clota « d it * self ; and , better kcowa in thewbr & sti « p than the study , instinstlsatwar with old books , and unfolds its influence every hour . The new thoughts are . everywhere , and reflect sisns in our benefit-societies , sick-clubs , fc-ades-uaion j , land societies , co-operative labour assc * curious , io . Instinct is begetting a coascioa ^ ness ef sjUrella ' cs , anda band of bold men preach non-eonformitf . Th » se men will yet aid in changing iheprivciples of onr commerce , ani destroy ujnry and gain for love and reciprocity . All the good tendencies will grow ; the old become formal ; ages may pass , but progression will remain young , and its influences leaven fie whole mass ; man is a reform . r , therefore 'boa man . ' . w

      TralewHl jei be purged o its filth , ana tbe mean rapt city md monopolising spirits of merchants and manufactures wilt bs both corrected and prevented from disturbin ; the tranquillity of the state ; and that , too , when labour learns its own powers , and man fet-ls the true mis . sion of life . Society caanot ba changed as with the w ^ nd of a magician ; but the re sul t is nvt less sura that tbe procsss seems slow , and the present condition of . tbe masses unites the disease and thi means for tha remedy . Give , then , to the roomer your aid , and your labour will one day bring its rewar J . .

      At tnecleseof Us . first year's existence , and on the ere of commencing its third volume , we wish ' good speed'to the'Liboubeb , ' and success to all who labour in its pages to promote the regeneration of mankind .

      F&Uce&Ciukf

      f & Uce & ciUKf

      Worship Street. —The Poisosiho Case At H...

      WORSHIP STREET . —The Poisosiho Case at Hacknkt . — "William Stuart Sheridan , a clerk in the Eicise-office . who stood charged with the wilfnl murder of his mother , Mrs Frances Sheridan , was placed at the bar before Mr Hatumill for final examination . —George Yarrow , an undertaker in Uigh-strect , Ssoreditch , stated that the prisoner came to his house about mid-day on Saturday , the 30 th October , and after stating that that was the first undertaker ' s he had seen on his way from Hackney , at which witness expressed some surprise , told him that he wished him to take instructions for tbe interment of a woman recently deceased , and which hp withed to be performed as reasonably as possible , as she had died in reduced circumstances . The prisoner appeared at the time to be labouring under great excite , meni . In abont an hour afterwards he proceeded by appointment to the house in Mare-street , where hs found the prisoner , and was shown into a room in which the deceased lay , in order to measure tho corpse for a coffin . He afterwards returned to the room where he hadlaft the

      prisoner and his sisters , and complained to them of the slovenly manner in which the body lod been laid out , to which they simultaneously answered that they had paid a woman to do what was right , and that their orders had been propi-rly executed . He was struck with tbe ex . tramely livid axd dirty appearance which the corpse preset t id , and tha general aspect of the place produced an unfavourable and painful impression upm bis mind . On the same evening be took the coffin to tbe house , and nude an arrangement to proceed with tbe prisoner the next morning to the Beaumont Cemetery , at Jfile-end , to purchase tbe ground ; but on the road there they were met by Mr Tidy , one of tbe surgeons who bad been in pievioas attendance upon the deceased , and while con . Tersisg with him the prisoner disappeared . Witness

      therefore hastened back to the honse , which the prisoner had reached before him , and si ortly after his arrival was joined by the parish bead !* , to whom he bad caused a communication to be made , and who intimated to the prisoner that it was absolutely necessary that an icqncst should be held npon the bodr . The prisoner objected , saying that it was urcalkd for , hut upon witness remarking that if he rained his respectability he would throw no obstacles in tbe way , be at length gave a reluctant assent . Some angry words ensued between the prisoner and bis sister . Tbe inquest was subsequently held npos the body , and directly after its first adjournment the prisoner again called upon Lim and urged him at once to complete the funeral , hut he positively declined all further Interference . During tha time

      this witness was giving his evidence , he was repeatedly interrogated by the prisoner , who exhibited tbe most violent excitement , declaring that he was the victim of a couple of fiends , who had engaged in a foul conspiracy against him , end he hoped that some one from tbe Secretary of State's office was present to watch the proceedinjs . —George Downing , superintendent in Shillibeei ' s funeral establishment in the City-road , deposed that on tha 4 th nit . the prisoner called upon him , and said that be wanted to make arrangements respecting the funeral of a person for whom a coffin had already been provider . He asked him bis . motive for transferring tbe business from one tradesman to another ; and the prisoner replied that the undertaker he bad before employed was in such a state that he was disgusted with hi 3 conduct , and would

      have nothing more to do with him . The prisoner appeared to be in a state of nervous excitement , aud inquired whether tbe fnneral conld not take place on tbe following day ; to nbich he replied in the affirmative , if tbe grave had been already taken , and the usual certificate obtained fioai the district registrar . On the same evening nitntss met him by appointment athis residence , when he again complained of the conduct of the former undertaker , who , he said , had made himself very busy in tbe matter , and that it was entirely through bis instrumentality that an inquest bad been held , which be wonld not have bad to happen for any money , as he held a public situation , and it might be his rain . All tbe preparations being completed , witless went to the house at one o ' clock on tbe following Saturday , tbe funeral being

      appointed for fonr , when tbe prisoner nrgsd him to set out immediately , to which the witness objected , as tbe clergyman wonld not have arrived at the ground nntil the hour of which notice had been given . The funeral then took place in due course , and the prisomr was present at the ceremony . — Evan « , the beadle of South K « Jcnc > y , was caenciHed , and having deposed to the anxwtyof the prisoner that the post mortem examination by the surgeons might be conducted as s & erttly as possible , Mr Humphreys , who appeared for the prisoner , asked the witness if he had been present during the delivery cf the coroner's charge to the jury , and whether he considered it had been correctly reported in the newspapers s

      To both which questions he answered in the affirmative . Mr Humphreys then said that it bad been his intention to off .-r some observations to tha magistrate on the subject of the coroner ' s charge to the jury at the inquest , which be conld not help rrgretting had been proved to be corrpctly reported in thi > new » paptrs . bat , under all the circumstances , he thought it advisable to refrsin from any conunent at present , and should resorre the defence for another occasion . —Tho deposition ! of the several witnesses , which were Very voluminous , nere then read over by Mr Hur ' stone , the second chrk , and the prison ? r , Who appeared keenly alive to his situation , was fully committed to Newgate , to await his trial npon the cba-gc . at College

      BOW-STREET . —HoBBSBr Kwo ' s . —A medical student , named William Hood , aged 21 yean , was placed at the bar before Mr Hall , charged with steal , ing live coats belonging to his fellow students at King ' s College , Strand . —Mr Arthur Young stated that he resided at tbehouse of Dr Partridge , the professor , with the prisoner , who was also a pupil , and on Friday morning meming last , having missed his coat from thehall , where he usually left it , he a ; k * dihe |> risoner , intheafternoon , if he had taken it , whsn he replied » hst he had lent it to his coasin on the day previous , and he would bring it to him on tbe a « t day , which appeaisd to him a very sin . gtfar excuse , and on Saturday he heard that other articles of wearing apparel had been stolen from ether students . —An assistant to Mr Luxmore , pawnbroker , in St Mar tin ' s-lanr , produced a coat and shirt that were

      : pledged by the prisoner . —Constable Harrison , P division , who apprehended the prisoner on Saturday night , proved that he . found seven duplicates npon him , among which were thatfor the urcsccutoi ' fl property . —The next charge was for stealing a great coat belonging to Mr Edward John Tyvian , a fellow student . —An assistant to Mr KirkhBni , pawnbroker , 218 . Strand , proved that about five o ' clock in tbe afternoon of Saturday tbe prisoner came Into the shop and offered to pledge the coat spoken of by the last witness for 10 s ., andheimmsdiately recognised him a « the penon who had also pledged two other coats , which upon inquiry be had ascertained bad been itolea , upaa wbiehhe gave him into custody ^—The prisoner declined > aying anything in his defence , and be was ordered to be folly committed for trial to tbe Middlesex Sessions . —The prisoner ' s guardian then presented himself to the court , and said he was totally at a lo » to know

      Worship Street. —The Poisosiho Case At H...

      what couldlindaee him to commit a serittofsuoh of . c ^ . ' " Sf * not ^ conweted with » family of great respectabaity , but he was by no means addicted to extravagant habits and wanted for nothing , norhad he wrmed improper connexions , being h . London only a few weeKS . —Mr Hall said it waj a most lamentable emmmstance , but the public must be protected .

      The Defence Of Louis M1er0slawski, Conde...

      THE DEFENCE OF LOUIS M 1 ER 0 SLAWSKI , Condemned to death by a special Prussian Tribunal , for having ' conspired' to restoretheindependence and freedom of Poland .

      Gbnileusk , —If , on oneside . it is just to place the whole responsibility for the events ot 1846 on tha Democratic Emigration , it is indispensable on the other , to define tho limits and tbe sense in which this revolutionary association are wilJinff to accept this lu-den . In other terms , it is necessary to know tbe real inteption and reasonable hopes of their executive com * mittee , known under tho name of' Centralisation , '

      when it thought it inevitable to summon the patriots of the country to a desperate struggle against oppression . I begin this explanation with the profound conviction that the success , whieh in politics explains and legitimatisesall , could not but popularise what I am going to state . I have Jong ago sacrificed my own personal cause . This testimony of a man , who has neither fear , nor hope , nor illusiens of his own , will , perhaps , gentlemen , find some credit even with our most malevolent enemies . '

      The members of the Polish Deraocratio Society , of which I have the honour to bo just now the organ , proposed to themselves , fifteen years ago , three objects , towards which they proceeded through thousands of obstacles , with an abnegation and perseverance , the djfJL-ultJes and extent of which the catastrophe of last yearhas contributed to increase ! These three objects of their constant and uni'cd labours are , the Propaganda ; the Conspiracy , and tbe Insurrection—in order to regenerate , rally , and restore the Polish fatherland .

      The first of these tasks consists in political , social , and military education , which the Democratic Emigration inculcated to the countryby meansof the press and by their emissaries . The second embraces the efforts which the same emissaries have made , in order to convert the diverge revolutionary elements oi ' the three portions of Poland to the same doctrine , to the same mutual responsibility , and to tlie same initiative . The third consists of the definitive preparation foran insurrection , which the Centralisation found itself obliged to precipitate , for the sake of saving the conspiracy from a dissolution , which would have delivered it to the enemy without any compensation or excuse whatever .

      I beg leave , gentlemen , to review these three pkases of the revolutionary force which has agitated the painful sleep of Poland , since tbe fruitless attempt in 1833 , in order to come to the treble conclusion , namely—1 st . That " onr .. revolutionary propaganda was not of a disorganising nature ; that it had nothing subversive or anarchical in itself ; but that , on the contrary , it has constantly endeavoured to submit every licentious individuality to tbe empire of a common and united necessity , and all the active passions to the sublime and sovereign passion of national safety . 2 nd . That in the conspiring contact ' Of the

      cauntrywith the Emigration , the active character , the sellable responsibility , weigh exclusively upon the Emigration , whilst the turn and the fum tion of the country in the common action could not , and was not , to begin , but at the very moment of the explosion . 3 rd . That this explosion , without anticipating , the rights of future generations , was to avoid , on account of certain political and strategical considerations ( peculiar to the present ttateot things ) , all serioo . 3 shocks against the Prussian domination , in order to concentrate' its decisive efforts against the Russian , domination .

      1 cerae to the first of these three questions . I shall not repeat to you , gentlemen , the programme which the Polish Democratical School has given to itself , and by what means it has proposed to realise it , because its writings answer for it , I shall only remind you that the propaganda of the Polish Democrats was always so frank , so firm , so e ' ear , even in its errors ( if there were any ) thut neither the calumnies of their raoit bitter antagonist ? , nor the blood in which they endeavoured to suffocate ^ them , could succeed in assimilating them in the opinion of the world , with the powerless digressions . of anarchy , I don ' t pretend to say that those digressions did not creep occasionally under our flag , taking advantage of the inevitable darkness surrounding every

      conspiracy ; but thoy would never have stood the power of the insurrectional period , under a government issued from our doctrines , and that is the only thing we are anxious to pRive . . 1 wish to say , that all onr enemies took advantage of onr disaster , to libel our institutions . It is one of the destinies of the vanquished always to pay both the expenses of the dtfeat and the victory . There have been those who recurred to atrocious resources of calumny , in order to withdraw from us those c ' assi-s of Polish society which & long and various servitude had immoboliscd , confused , and struck with dumbness . In order to banish ' . us from their hearts and their confidence we have been depicted as an incorrigible aristocracy , who disguised

      themselves with the borrowed dress of a foreign liberalism , only for the sake of re-conquering licentious privileges , lost by abusing them * Aud these people , whose emancipation and promotion , as weii as their civic and moral regeneration , was the sole romance of our youth , the grand problem of all our sufferings and sacrifices . ; these people have raised against us the club of Cain , and there was now ho voice coming from above , to ask them . ' What have you done with your brother ? ' for the unfortunate did not knew what they were about , and in reality Gcd has not given them an Abel to guide them ! Others , and these I have just spr-ken of with

      them , have at the same time attributed to us—according to the audience they were addressing—all the extravagances of sanguinary and vague demagogues , in order to interdict us access to classes which in troth fear only the critical side of resolutions , but who , unfortunately too , don ' t know but this side . Thus we who have , during fifteen years , employed ail the strength of ourwill , and of our intelligence , to conciliate the principles of fraternity with the discipline of a military democracy ; we who have at last penetrated to tho martyrdom of . onr country , only through remnants of a thousand disorders which were in our way ; we are now rendered responsible for what we have continually struggled against .

      It is thus that they have imputed to our revolutionary school , ! don't know what absurd strategy , in which poison , the knife , the massacre of women aad Jews , were to . supply science , numbers , and courage . Thus they accuse us of bavins misapprehended all the . lessons which the accomplished revolutions have left us , in order to plunge Poland into an agitation without object or end , in which the multitude , ' scarcely relieved from a night of ignorance , was at once to be cailed up to tho sovereignty

      of theft , murder , and ineendiarbm . And then intending to gain some credit with superficial minds , our detractors have imagined to elevate this scheme to the rank of an economical and social theory , to which , being at a loss for any intelligible definition , they have iu the meanwhile given the name of Communism . ' They were not able to give to cur militant . democraoy any . other name but that of a phantom , in order to rai « e against it tho ignorant prejudices of all tbe indifferent individuals who have not tht conraee to ask it in the face for its real

      programme . As to this last imputation , of which our enemies have been prodigal towards the Polish revolutionists , it appears to us as having , in modern persecutions , exactly replaced the same character which the accusations of . sorcery and necromancy performed , in all tho ? e atrocious persecutions of the middle ages . This Communism , which , like Larochefoucault's ' love , ' nobody has ever seen , and of which everybody speaks , is now tho assumed crime of all those who cannot be convicted of possible , of explicable ones . If at any price a conspiracy succeed , it becomes simply a historical mutation ; but it it fail to such a degree that it leaves not even a trace to ho seen through the microscope ol all your

      inquisitions , lo ! thing ? arc then becoming very grave ; it is then Communism of the most fatal species . Arm yourselves , to the number ot six , seven , or eight thousand men , as in 1831 ; pass over the frontier , battle the whole of a year against the most intimate ally of Prussia , ( for yon all know , gentlemen , that such werothen tho relations between the two powers ) , tbis will be a . mere patriotic thoughtlessness . But if you go to project only this thoughtlessness , without carrying it out , at a time when a most formidable Polish revolution ought to disquiet you much less than the most tender assiduities of Russia , directly are they at a loss far the measure of the definition of the delict . -How do you call that in the legal language ? Try the chance and call it Communism , and you willnot err more than the judges of the Templars ol Jean D'Acre , and of ted

      the wife of Marshal d'Ancre did . * An adopj reform is nothirg else than political economy , that is—legislation , administration . But reform ia words , in wishes , in painting—Communism . An accomplished theft , a proved murder , an avowed , elopement ; twenty thousand gun-shots arc nothing else than what they really are , but a dream about all that is incemparably worse than the thing ^ self , especially when they cannot find out the reason of , and tlie key to it , by the simple motive that there tsnone . Whv , sir . that is—vou know it well— Coronramsm { When this strange word , which wo all understand in a different way , is found in an t-flieial act of accusatioB , like that , for instance , we have _ under our eves , we , at least , may ask , wh ? . tit requires on our part ? if not , what it mean ' s ? But , gentlemen , what have we to ask , or to reply , to the anonymous requisitions ( rfmiisifo / res ) v fhich the'promulgators ot

      The Defence Of Louis M1er0slawski, Conde...

      alumhy h , * ve traced on the doors of our prisons and on the tops , of . our gibbets ? Is it necessary forme to quote to you all those atrocious , stupid , and seemingly good p . imphlets , which served as guidance , as presumptions . as inspirations to the investigations of the trial ? tit thereany need toexplaia to you the intention contaju led in the epitVct * 'demagogues ' and 'communiats , Vasted by certain German writersupon the missionaries of tbe Polish democracy ? We demagogues , good * Heavens I A » if a revolution which has got the conscience of its destiny , could

      beanything else but tha sovereign order—but the law in battle—the dictatorship of the party who has made lt j We communists ! Ifth's word signifies something else than the merest ? pretence for the sphinx which watches over the grave of Poland , it is apparently the putting together ,, in common , what is possessed . Now , gentlemen * you know very well , that as a state , as a nation , arc as a society , we possess nothing at all , because you have deprived us of everything in this respect f Therefore , as you intend to accuse ns of commuoramvwaitat least until we have recovered , things wit &

      WBwbwereou'ldeommumae . No , gentlemen ; our militant democracyhas never compromised its good right , by ^ mportuaisg fortune with utter exigencies , with insolent requests—with unreasonable caprices . The Polish- democracy did never expose the patriotism of oar nation- to-impossible trials , because all it desires and hope «„ it de-Sires and hopes with determinationand sincerity . And first , whatever may be the ideal towards which this democracy has resolved to advance , through the clouds still unknown of a national revolution , it never pretended to arrive at this ideal itself ; it baa very . welt conceived , together with the most positive and tho most practical « f modem writers , that what gives liberty is not liberty itself .

      Paternally determined to pos'pone its fruits ftv amore iortunate generation , our democracy' has not endeavoured todiseount luturity for the benefit of actual inpatients . Far . from leading the country into fallacious delusions , it has , on the contrary , without rest' , advised the nation to deposit all its rights upon tho nnpitying altar of her duties . It has not concealed from the nation that , in order to become strong , free , and sovereign , Poland has to make herself before all , patient under adversity , a real slave to roles , and disciplined like an old battalion . May it only please you , gentlemen , to study all we have said , written , and propagated during ten year * , and you- wilb pn-ceive that the revolution ,

      considered by our democracy hot only as a transitory means of enfranchisement , but , at the sime time , as the supreme ; synthesis of all the wills . of the people , was , therefore , ; a very laborious , a very severe proof , and not at all one . of those murderous follies into which precipitate themselves sometimes corrupted societies , in order to escape , no matter how , the hypochondriacal effects of old age , . . Study , gentlemen , and study bom fide , onr doctrines , and you will discover that it was by all the rigours of a serious , regular , and persevering warfare , that the masses were to be baptised with , and brought to the sentiment of their duties , and afterwards their civic rights .

      Study , and study again , and you will find that it was under the imperious pressure of an united and dictatorial " power , that the mechanism ^ of ' our republican administration , essentially centralising , Was . totc found . Study , and study again , and you will be surprised by seeing , that'it was by suspending individual liberties , provisional independence , and all digressions of tho < ght , that this revolutionary sovereignty would have embodied all wills into one Irresistible combination , intending to rebuild by such means , a society and an homogeneous state of the disjointed remnants which the faults ef our forefathers have transmitted to us as our heritage . It is , therefore , not , as you may see , gentlemen , by

      a rigid coi c wse of all faiths , of all opinions , and of all interests for a common sacrifice , that all these various powers would have Conquered their civic right in the enfranchised state . Where is it , then , that you perceive anarchy , demagoguism , or social subversion , in our revolutionary programme ? Is this I ask you , gentlemen , one of those Utopias which , in order to console themselves for their inadmissibility , would calumniate the real world ; is this one of those volcanic eruptions , which purpose nothing else but to discbarge their lava , without taking care what it will phase God to sow upon it ? If , in re . e ' v n ; the principles proclaimed since so many ycais by tlie Polish democracy , and founded , at least in intention , by tha institution of the Cracovian government , our detractors believed having met in our disastrous attempt , with other symptoms , this is not our fault but their . ?; because it i $ the business of those who seek , to seek lonafide , v

      Such isthe spirit with which the Polish democracy has acted upon the country ; Now , it is notorious that the s « urce of every political and social propaganda for Poland , deprived of existence as a stale , is to be found in the Emigration . It is , therefore , the Emigration which is answerable , both , for the doctrines with , which it fosters the local patriotism , and for their consequences . The country plavs , in this emission of light and hear , but an . entirely passive character . The country is only the reflection of the propaganda , but hot the laboratory . And , such is the case with all conspiracies , because every conspiracy bring nothing else , but a propaganda , concentrated on a single point , on an indicated focus (•{ reflection . It , therefore , concerns us to know , whether you pretend , gentlemen , to incriminate the mirror of having traesferred to the focus of explosion the light which the democratic and revolutionary propaganda of the Emigration has projected on its

      surface . Observe further , that , by its position ^ t he Emigration alone is apt , not only to elaborate the revolutionr . ry theories , but also to make a real application of these theories for an insurrectional purpose , until an cr . ned force may appear on the surface of the country . Up to that moment the revolutionary elements of the nation repose in a latent state in her bosom , without an ^ active faoultios , without means of waiting for , an insurrection . Deprived of every contact between them , sympathetic , but isolated , searching each other in groping about in the dark and uneasiness of a vigilant opposition , they cannot agree about anything without the mediation of the very $ me Emigration , which already has given to

      thsm both the idea and the temptation of doing it . It is , therefore , to the initiative of the centralisation , and to the mediation of its regular emissaries , and not to diverse local , literary , philanthropic , aud co iKomical associations , ' entangled into act of accusation , that you must recur , in order to seize an appreciated and responsible conspiracy . Beyond the circle of the plots of the Democratic Emigration exists a whole nation , groaning under the yoke , and interrogating fortune perpetually . There is an ardent desire and vague efforts to re-clonch the chain of public life , broken by the dismemberments ; there is , in a woid , an abstract corporation of hopes and regrets , exhaling through all the organs of the

      mutilated country , but there is no matter for law-suits , but only for persecutions . In fact , if you put aside the emigrational participation into tho Polish aaitatian of the last trn years , you will at once lose the measure of apprisation and definition for the remainder . What is it in truth , your Jaw incriminates ? Where from do you take th & elements of accusation ? What are your reasons of distinction between the imprisoned and not imprisoned -. patriots ? Why only 250 accused , and not 2 500 or : 25 , 000 ? In a word , genth-men , what do you ' eall / c ' onspirators in a nation , of which every body conspires in one or the other way , but to which jour repressive rigours have not left the faculty of succeeding ?

      No , gentlemen , there was no conspiracy among the patriots of Prussian Poland , in a precise and intelligible sensC i in a sense which every law , however rigorousand intolerant itrsay be , requires in order to prosecute , as to what the act of accusation , by not having stndiedtOur public habit , calls so ; that is nothing else , but the continual ,, unceasing , necessary expression of discontent , inseparable from every subjugation , arid it escapes as well by its fatality as by its extending to all the legal means of investigation and of repression . It is history , it is a political drama , it is asocial romance—often terrible , always poignant ; it is whatever you like , gentlemen , but it is not a leEalprocedure .

      IIow will you estimate , be it according to number , or the degree of relative culpabilities , those endless kinds of agitation ofwhich the Polish nation is composed ? Is it not ovid'jflfc , that in order to express this chronic , incurable agitation , by your legal thermometer , it ought to have grown previously into potent and limited action ? Was it not , for instance , required that the assemblages ot insurgents , projected by tho centralisa ' . ion , had taken place , or at least attempted , to a degree which might have beenappmable to your incrimination , Then only you would have been enabled to review tho serious oU > ments of the conspiracy , to count over its forms , touch the real patriots with your finger , —make an equitable distribution of what belongs to the

      executioner ; and what to ridicule , without injuring the one or the other ; for , finally , is it not known to you , gentlemen , that on the day of proof , strangc mutations aro going on amongst the diverne categories of the same patriotism , and that at those delicate moments ; twenty-four hours are sufficient to alter completely its battle-array . But , it is said , they preferred to prevent than to repress : that is very Christian-like , centlemen , but on a coadition ef which noae of you , I dare say , will contest the importance : nanialy ,. that tho mistakes , the uncertainties , the ' exaggerations . tho iniquities of precautionary procoedisgs , may nOt surpass the

      rigoursof a repression . Now I shall prove that it is piecisely to this difficulty that the prevailing zeal of the authorities of the Duchy of Posen and of Oriental Prussia hava reduced you . ' In gefferal , tiVa result of this intemperate real was to render dou . bt ful . to you what a real insurrection would 'hava made simple and clear as a fact ; viz ., that thi > se- two provinces , merely destined to advance to ns the first costs of . an . expedition against the Russian domination iii Poland , were not in need of a \ ocal conspiracy , arid , in fact , they waited without any organisation of their own , for tho agents arid officers required for this special purpose from the EmU grafton , who TO r 9 SP * ia , wctejfto receive , to

      The Defence Of Louis M1er0slawski, Conde...

      groupandcarry away the insurrectional contingent irhichine centralisation intended to estrast justly or unjustly from them . The preventive zeal of the Prussian authorities of these two provinces has substituted an enormous suspicion for this iaot , no matter whether possible of your repression or not , but aooufc which no-legislation could hesitate or bo mfctftken . And now gentlemen , you are condemned to hesitate and to err without an ondjust as already the inquest has hesitaU'd-and erred during nearly two year ? . ¦ In particular ,, this police zeal , this infallibility of the gendarmes , produced the result of overthrow , ing all the gonspirihg hierachy , ( with you patriotism sijniSes conspiracy , ) and leaving in tbe dark and in rest its portion destined for the fire and for action , exhibiting to your attention only a detached fraction of its evasive and pacific part . What are the symptoms and the features by which your accusation recognises a conspirator before the

      explosion ? Those , it says , whqjiave taken oaths of obedience to the centralisatien ;* but , if my memory does not deceive mey it is already four years ago when Prussjan Poland alone numbered 3 . 600 conspirators of tbis kind ; : in- two jears their number has probably increased b ? the approaeh-flf the insurrection . Wur , then , don't we see on these expiatory . benches tlie whole " of tSis phalanx , who have taken the oath of obedience ? Tkose ,. ssys the accusation , who have been found iniposseBsioaofpublicatioMsof tho Democratic Emigration are aonspirators-. Very well , but how will you : call aft those who have taken care not to wait for the visit of the commissary to burn their libraries ?/ And how those to . whom the publications , of the- centralisation are not revolutionary enough ? And those who wad nothsag at all „ through fear , not to spoil the irenergv ? '

      © thers ,. iti » said , have uttered expressions of resentment agafest the Genaan colo & ists ; of coatempt against tho Jfewa ; of menace against the citadel of Posen . ; . of rage against tSeir counsellor of administration ; : of fraternity towards the peasants . ; of support in behooB ' of the Catholic religion ; of regret for the-integrity af the republic ; .- expressions of . all sorts and-of every intention ; therefore , conspirators ! : Yet ,. Casarj who was a better csnnoisaear of conspirators than , any of the attorney generals , { never dreaded but one , who < Kd net speak at all . Then come the possessors of weapons , vamunition ,, and other insurrectional materials . Now observe closely , gentlemen , by what means those audacious fellows pretended to overthrow tho coalition of Muanchen-Gnetz . Toys , weapnosof the chase ,. arms

      of luxury , antiquities just as unintelligible as the accusation they are to support ; o / iantities of powder ' so voluminous ; that the possessors themselves could not detect them when they wanted to destroy them at the approach of the domiciliary search ; morsels of lead withdrawn on purpose from their pariti & use , in order to kill , not the Prussian soldiers , but only tho arguments of the defence ; sticks with two eadsjust as all sticks are ; which the-accusation calls ' poles for lances ; ' and the accused' fire-wood . ' And then , besides all that , some serious weapons , a bit of real ammunition . But , surely , it mu-t belong to somebody vary scarce in malignity , and , who jKd n ' ot i e ' ndeavour . to conceal it , just because he did notjsiupcct that they would suspect him of making any use of it . Strange conspirators indeed ! . -, ... u .. i . ugvvuiio | ri . M * viu ... j-. vv . m .

      Certainly , if the insurrection had had leisure , to break out , all those arms could have made tfceirap . pearahce among others , but . neither more nor less than all those you have not discovered ,- as welUas those you have left with their proprietors , or' those which the depots of tbe Iandwehr , the shops of gnnmakers , and smugglers , would have furnished us with ; neither more nor less , at last , than the scythes , dung-forks , and all such things , which cut , pitrce . or kill . ,. *§• $ &»*> The depositions of our insurrectional plan show perfectly well that we counted chiefly on a nocturnal surprise of some military depots , and not on old worn-out weapons , to arm either the expedition from Prussian Poland , or tho volunteers whom this expedition would have caused to riaa in the kingdom of Poland .

      There are others who throw themselves headlong into the peril . Yea ' . but do yo-. i know why \ Exactly because they did not conspire ; for , had they only the slightest practice , the slightest experience in conspiracies , the ;' , surely , would have looked about , and before doing so . Do you intend to punish thcra with more severity than thosa who , after havinp conspired during fifteen years , avoided the actual embarrassments of those gencr his men , only because the had the good sense to draw back their pins from they play at the very mom : ! t when the others dropped theirs into it 1 Who , then , are thosoprudent men ? All those who , the day after tho . victory , would have come forward to o ' aim the price of their character ns patriotic veterans . Give us , gentlemen , one , one single day of success , and the next morning we will furnish you with their names in our official

      paper . . There is , finally , a last , but infallible sign for the accuser of participation ; narrely , tho knowledge of tho plot . No doubt , that in such a case nothing would bo risked by accusing the entire population of Prussian Poland , especially little children and women ; for , if to speak of a thing , you must know it , then no plot in the world was ever known more generally understood , Still , afa n , gentlemen , _ you ought to be able of better defining the p ' . ot itself , for in the actual state of its definition , the knowledge ef it explains nothing at all , and the accusation is not a bit more advanced .

      In short , gentlemen , it suffices to tell you , that with its impossible pretension of detecting a palpable and organised conspiracy in the country itself before the day appointed for the outbreak , the ; act of accusation must necessarily pass by the nineteentwentieth of revolutionist ? , ! and endeavour to fix itself on a handful of predestined individuals , who have reason to bo rather astonished at this preference . This deception becomes unavoidable , nssoon as , instead of limiting tho prosecutions against the immediate agents of the centralisation , against its emissaries and its direct plans , the inquest wanders in a vague attempt to grasp the whole conspiracy ! which

      is the whole nation or nothing at all . We have not tha slightest doubt that this gloomintss of mourning and regret surrounding the fr-rment of Poland , that this atmosphere , full of tempests compassed only by material violence—we have not the slightest doubt thatall that would havebeen cnndtnsed ,. and acquired forms and proportions intelligible ( o your laws on-the day of insurrection . But , before that , there is no matter for a law-suit in what you call the conspiracy of the Duchy of Posen and of Oriental Prussia . There is only occasion for reflection on the power which an anti-Russian insurrection of thpso ancient Polish provinces would have delivered from the rooft poignant apprehension for the future .

      But will the procureur of the king object— ' I cannot draw back with , my hands empty of any condemnation . There has hen a conspiracy : I must get one . '—Why ! there have been even two ; we declare it point-Wank tn you ; only that the one of them is seiziible and the other not , and your error consist ? in that that you intended to confound them together ; the logical result of which . is that they will both escape you , inasmuch as tho absurd snatches away the evident one-that of all Poiand , the conspiracy of the Democrats Emigration . ¦ action

      Separ . to only from this confusion the precise of the agents of the oentralisntiin , and y-. u will get hold of all bearing a responsibility and a serious character , which can alone satiato your revenge and kirhish a reasonable basis to tho prosecut ' on . Attack the pro paeandaandtfce revolutionary missions of the Democratic Emigration ; examine its writings , its trustees , its real inati'Hments , its plans of insurrections and of the campaign ; limit , gentlemen , your interrogation to this part of the accusation . Stay tS-. cre your investigation , and you will come to a result . And if , even then , by condemnina this category of incriminated individuals , you will commit a great political blunder , at least , gentlemen , you will not inau gurate your era of judicial publicity , by tho most lamentable mistake into which a tribunal did ever

      fall .. , , . Ah ! gentlemen , if cursins , both aloua and m silence , the violence , thcsptiliatior , the calumny , and the inexorable and darli rage of the strong against the weak , means conspiring ; If clinging at every remnant o ' a perpetual shipwreck , it- exposes one to this pen il vengeance ; If asonirfnjffor eighty year * on the cross , soaked with " gall"Jand vinegar , without being able either to descend like Christ , or to transfigure ourselves upon the mountain of futurity , means participating in a

      conspiracy ; II working oneself out of an msupporteo ' e constraint , in which congresses keep us crusked . thus forcing us to- consume ourselves by rago , and despair ; if , I repeat , working oneself out of snob a distressing state . byall the facalties which God has bestowed oven upon the weakest creature in the world , is to be guilty of tho crime of high treason ; It defending our own life , and working one ' s own emancipation , is to expose people to death and irons t Why , in such a case , not we alone , but all Poland have conspired . Brii ) g , then , bolore this bar—bring all our saints and heroes—bring all who groan , all those who , on this vast surface of ' an enslaved'soil , called Poland , curse tho hour of their birth , arid the wombs of their mothers . Extend the enclosure of this hail to the four corners of the world , because every where the bones of Poles , who have died for the redemption of their fatherland , cry out . for accomplices and avengers !

      From this point of view considered , are they not all conspiring ? Tho infant who listens to the recital of the massacres of Human and Praga . The old m-ia who narrates them , and thoso , too , who bavo not ^ forgotten ' -that your fathers came to strike > curs . ronj behind on the fields of-Stfttkocmg- and : Wola . Anii those , aj-ain . who escaped the deadly blows ot . 2-l \ s knife , and tho Muscovite g ibbets of Swdlw , Ud \ sm not revolt also V Aro they not ^ fMJW ail those who havo not yet defied or ho M **» £ God ar-d inneal from- lho earthly-tribunal * to His » M oromSesf And it suclr ia the <** , why arc theX fS ? SpMtors and rcMa fe fob court tfab day ? >

      The Defence Of Louis M1er0slawski, Conde...

      • ¦ Where are tho . others ? .. ... .. .,, The inquest plunged for a moment its nets into tha immense , unfathomable , and not to be dried up stream of our agitation , in order to pull out by hazard 200 grains of sand , which tho accusation deigned to elevate to the dignity of martyrdom ; and you believe , gentlemen ^ that you have at last got hold of tbe radical evil which troubles its floods , and crimsons them with blood ? Ah I gentlemen , do you see that it is the source of this agitation itself which ought to bo dried up , if you- wish to prevent us from shedding continually out bjbod and our tears in the face of the Christian world ? And this bleeding source , what is it , if not the dismemberment of our fatherland ? Therefore , al

      what consequence can be 260 grains of sand , more or less , to tho unavoidable and eternal consequences of this old holocaust ? Is it possible to wipe out a hundred years cf revolution , bypassing over them a sponge-saturated with the gall of a code ? Itenot astonished , gentlemen , if we repeat inces " . santly , if we repeat even to . the extinction of our voices , that we are punished , not for our resistance , but for tbe irreparable harm inflicted upon us . near ' y ahiindrodyeara since . But our oppressors would like to forget the past , th > y like to turn away the ;/ s /> hf , in orp ' er that they may not perceive that every convulsion whieh shakes Poland is nothing eJse ; but the unavoidable counterstroke of the attempts coim'iittcd wnicu auuci

      against uer ay me very powers sow . wr be surprised at our acts . The most timid , the most inoffensive being whom you would deign to crush under your feet * will re > sist and use its utmost strength to prefect it-elf , by biting the heel which tramples it ; and can you pretend that a whole nation , that a giant buried alive in a too narrow coffin , may mi shake to his last breath , tlie brutal plaafc which oppresses his heart . Are the Titans , whose despair the jealousy of Jupiter has crashed , sleeping quietly under the mountains ? And iait the fault of these poor tortured . creatures , if the rattle of their eternal a ' goriy ; -piercing the cjaters . of their * tombs , troubles sometimes the banquets ; of the > cekstial autocrat ? : . •»¦' . -

      I be orator was proceeding to further deveJppe . the intentions of ; the Democratic Emigration , when ha wa » interrupted and silenced by tha president dthe , Prussian court .

      * We Enguslmistt Wu>Ii 14-1 Thoieuf Admi...

      * We EngUslmiStt wu > ii 14-1 thoieuf Admiral BjPg , forexa opic i - " ¦ ¦ : ¦ ^

      Tlffi. Reform Movement In France. Btoiri...

      Tlffi . REFORM MOVEMENT IN FRANCE . BTOiriX TRB CAM ? . — TUB ' RKF 011 HE * : AfiD 4 H " S ' natiomaii . '—march op iaiiocRACr . "" ¦¦ . .. Since my last the banquets of Lille , Avesne ? , aadl Valencieynes , have been held . Avesnes was merely constitutional ; Valenciennes half-and-half ; . Lillea deeided triumph of democracy over rnidd * o-c ! asg in « trigue . Here are , shortly , the'faets concerciing this most important meeting : — ¦ ' Besides tho liberals aad the party of the Natiokai ^ the democrats of the Repohus had beenftavited , and Messr * Ledrn-Ito ) lin and Flocon , edftor of ihe hat * named paper , had accepted the invitation . ^ J . Odil . Ion Barroc , the virtuous middle-class thunderer was also -invited .- Every thing' was readyj-the -toasts were prepared , when all of a sudoen fy . Odilloa Barrot declared he could ; not assist ,, nor speak to bis

      toast , \ Parliiime & fary Reform , nnlesl that refornt was qualified by adding .: —' asa means to insure the purity , and sincerity of the institutions Conquered in Jul } i-l 80 O . * -- 'fhis addition-excluuCa / . W ^ urse , the republicans . Great consternation of the ^ opimittee ensued . M . Barrot was inflexible . At last-it ' was resolved to submit the decision to the wholemeeting . But-tho meeting very plainly'declared they ¦ would have * noalterations in the programme ; tmw . wonld not violate the understanding upon which the democrats had come to Lille . M . Odillon Barrot , along with , his . taihof liberal deputies and editors ,- scornfully fotire'd ; Messrs Flocon and Ledru-Rollin werer sent for , the - banquet took place in spite of the liberals , and M . Lvdru ' a speech was rapturously applauded .

      Thus the treacherous plot of the midale-class reformers resulted in a glorious triumph of democracy . M . Odillon Barrot had to decamp shamefully . and will never dare to show his face again in the demornitie city of Lille . His only excuse was , he had understood tho gentlemen of tbe Reforms inieided to > profit by the Lilie banquet to get up a rcvolu'ion-r in the very depth of tranquillity ! A few days after , M . Barrot got some consolation in the Avesnes banquet , a mere family meeting of some middle-class liberals . Ilore he h .-d the pleasure ot toasting the Kin ; :. But at \ « l-. ' nricnaes he waa again obliged to pocket his favourite sentiment , dropped so sadly at Lille ; no King's ' health was ta be drunk , although the formidable getterj- ' up of revolutions , at the shortest , notice , weio ' nnt & t hand .

      The discomfited thunderer will have to ' devour his virtuous indignation until another hole-aritl-corner banquet will allow him ta denounce * anarchism , ' ' physical forcism , ' and ' communism , ' to the astounded grocers and tallow-chandlers of some petty provincial town . . * The Lille banquet produced extraordinary discussions iu the press . Tbe Conservative paprrs shouted triumph at the division in the ranks of the reformers . M . Thiers ' * old and drowsy Consiiiciioxn'el . and the Sieclb , M . Barrel ' s ' own , ' all of a sadden were seized with the most dreadful convulsion ' s . 'No / shouted the indignant Suck to its Bhopfceeaing public , ' no , we are none of these anarchists , wo have nothing in common with these restorers of the reign of terror ; with these followers of Marat and

      Robespierre : wo would prefer to their reian of bh'iid the present system , wore it even a hundn d times worse than it is ! ' And quite rightly ; for such peaceful grocers aud tallow-chandlers the white nightcap is _ a hundred times more fit than the rc : l can of the Jacobin . At tho same time , however , that these papers heaped their vilest anil most virulent abuse upon the Repobmb , they treated the Naiiokaii wiih the utmost esteem . The ^ atioxaii indeed , has behaved , on this occasion , in a more than doubtful manner . Already at the banquet ofCosne , thi * paper blamed the conduct of several tlemocrnts who would not assist on account cf the kin »' s health being proposed . Now , again , it spike very coolly of the Lille banquet , and deplored the accident which for a moment troubled tho demonstration , while several

      provincial allies of tho National openly attacked the conduct of Messrs Ledru and Flocon . The Rvkosmb now asked of that paper a more explicit declaration . The National declared his article to be quite explicit enough . Then , asked tbe Repocmb , what was the deplorable accident at Lille 1 What is i , t you deplore ? Is it M . Barrot ' s or M . Ledru-RoBin ' s conduct you deplore ? , . Is it M . Barret ' s impudence or his bad luck you . deplore ? h it M . ' Ledru ^ bpeech in favt . ur of Universal Suffrage ? h itthe . disconifituro of raonarchisui , the' triumph of dsmoQracy , you deplore ? Do you avow , or not , what your provincial allies say on this occasion ? Do you accept tha praise of the Siecle , or do you take your part cf the abuse it heaps upon us ? Would you have advised . \ i . Marie , voiir friend , to submit , if , at Or ! i \ ins , M

      Odillou Barrot had made similar pretensions ? The Natio . nai , replied , "irom party motive * ikey would have no controversy with the Refobmk ; ihey were not responsible for articles sent to previnelal papers by " a 'friend' of theirs ; as to the other questions , the past of the National allowed them to pass them unnoticed , and noi to trouble themselves i < -i : a a reply . The Rb ? o « mb gave the whole of this reply , with this remark only : — ' Onr questions remain . ' Democrats now have the documents under their eyes —they may judge for themselves . This they have done ; a whole host , ofs radical , and evefi literal , papeis f France have declared in the most decided terms for the Refokme . The conduct of the National , indeed , deserves thestrongest blfttiie . This paper is getting more and more into the hands of tho

      middle-classes . It has of lato always deserted the caufe of democracy at the decisive moment ; it has always preached union with tho middie-da & ses , and has on more than one occasion served none but Thiers and Odillon Barrot . If the Naticvaz . does not very soon change its conduct , it will cease to be counted as a democratic paper . Ai . d in this Lille affair , _ the Natbinai ., out of nitre personal ( antipathy against men more radical than iiseif , has r . ? thesitated to . acrilti : <; the very prinrip . Y- « tipua which itself had contracted an alliance with the liberals ia order to get up banquets . After what , has passed , the National will never again ha ai > ie to oppose seriously toasting the King at future bai quels . The ' past' of tho National is not so verv btiniit as

      to allow of its answevir . s : by silence onh the questions of it * contemporary . Think only of its defence , of the Parisian Bastiles ! P . S . —Tho Ret ' nrra Banquet of Dijon has come off this week . ' Thirteen hundred sat down afc dinner . The wholo affair was thoroughly democratic , No tcist to the kHig ,. ' o'f course All tha s-ieakers balanced to the pasty of the R > : fck : mb . MM . Louis Blase , Flocon , E . A-rsco , ar . d Lediu-Roliiu . were the chief speakers . 8 ; Flocon , editor of the Rs-fosmc , spoke to' the toast of iheforeign democrats aud rnvn-. tinned the English Chartists in a vcr > , , or . ; -: ! . ' . ibIs manner . Kext week I shall aire you <¦ . ;¦> .- ^ ci'liat full length , as . well as a full ' report of the v ' xvA * proceedings o £ tinis most important raecti-. .. ^ .. ail'll an

      Miawbhfot Suicide -Early On. Satur.Faj ....

      MiawbHfOT Suicide -Early on . Satur . faj . morn , ing last qo ' naiderablo sensation was canasta m 'wpoa , bv a reu * rt that John EM sjson , Lr « ., oi Iv-rton Convert about four miles tV , m tbjt city , ! ud comroittodsnieide , by shooting , himst :. » : tUa s ; i « . lho deceased , about 45 years 6 Ja . ^ I v . ' : » a gri ' iujuian of v » ry extensive property , ana ra-ich ^ ported m a ma gistrate for the liberty of B ipon , nail of tho i 'th Riding of Yorkshire . An inquest w .: s held , pjk v of tho ' bndy , before IVm . Dinsi ' sle , * £ ; . q , ei > it > nW * . c tho North Riding , and a respectable juiy . After fully investigating thivciroymsi ^ nv '

      ' Temporary Insanity , was rctHraed . . Tn & xconATnv , OR . Wi . nisa ky . Sc . w » .-. Duue § tho past Veek two popt'hr Iw-tures , e . \ i-hm > ,: ftry ot tbe principles of this an , ! me been neiiverrd to respectable audiences , at th « Greenwich . Literary In ,. stitution , by Mr George XVithers , of the Piianogra . phic Institution , Bath . "We understand cissies for instruction iu the art have been established at ' . ho institution , under tho direction of V . r Withers , and that npw & rils of St ' y pupils « c jealously engsgod , in iisatteinaienk , > ., ¦; .-

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 4, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04121847/page/3/