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    BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH, New-• . " ' R...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    ^ j ^^ & PWW ^ W !^^ ¦ . ¦ -v ( H ^ fte jW * Jte « iJi " , "' , I- ; -. . Etctyone ^& airy appreciable ^^<>? ¥ g ? « f history is fenuHar trith the poltcy - that i ^ to * e & er » mefimes states , somefames ^ STia Siem , for one-common object , . and . P S ( ib ^ e common idea . The Greek . ? f 3 eracY , the : Eteufiau ; Leaga . e , the me-S ^ towns , the German . Confederation ,, and £ SS ? rf Smalealdi within it , are in-Sccs teown to every student . - ^ Sin cfcsnffgests tbe expedient , even where ^ absent , and the traud deer may be ^ crowded in close Hue with meuacions antf fororin * almost the defensive ttsludo of IDaicients ! There are limits , however , both - + ii instinctive and rational alliance . The JS » " i «* combine fth the , wolf or the Tucnake this would be only to give himself tSlvStite destroycr . The Greeks did not

    Z £ to defend themselves against me inroaus 5 p ^& bv an alliance with : Xerxes . . The ! £ rovers , or the African corsairs , irid in vain have app lied for admisson into fte Lcaguc of the H ansetowns . Thenerfcct undcrstaudmg aud honest car , rv W out of princip les becomes every day more - ¦ Srt-int We live m an age of rapid projnipoii-i ^ ^ cannot mould- circumstances goA r eposes , we must become their slave , ThSe are the times when pregnant nature lJbours in the birth of a new race ; her days tTc ome to the fall ; and > t becomes . us ^ to Sthat the infant be not strangled

    mthede-S want brothers , confederates and allies ana lo ! God has raised a thick crop « U around S How the young poke of nationahiy throbs iu the veins of our worlcmg classes ; and with vhatequal and proportionate spirittbcitiasses Lmahout Europe yeani to struggle after the destiny ofinan-after a generous ^ dependence and the praefcai enforcement of that natural ^ n alitv which the Creator stamped in the end and origin of human life , and in the impartial distribution of equal faculties to all .

    Here , or nowhere—here in the gathering Etranrth of the awakening Pemocracy in Christendom mast we lay the pillars and foundations of our popular league . Vainly would we prostrate ourselves before the tinsel splendour of faded courts ; vainly would we ^ strike hands with the adherents and parasites of rovalty , or with . the chapmen , and dealers of oppression . . . ;¦ First of all , nearest and most fraternal , are the hearts of England ' s toiling populace . These are with ns , or may be . Our conditions are all but identical ; the oppressor is the same ,

    oar objects are similar ; both seek to crush the insolence of a classthattyraimisesintheiiame of a Constitution ; to establish political justice ; and , though it may be occasionally , that laws cannot make a community absolutely Lappy—to take care that they de . not make it inevitably miserable . - . - . ' . ' The latter has been the direct and inevitable tendency of English legislation . The very life and instinct of the Constitution has been moulded to an . aristocratic bias , and society , even in its most voluntary relations ,- is found imbued with the same poisonous spirit .

    Look at the contrast afforded by the labour and pay of different orders of the state . Onr artisans and working classes generally are tiie worst paid , and have the lowest scale of subsistence , of the people of any country pretending to be civilised . We have known hundreds of instances in which honest Irish peasants have begged to be allowed to barter their labour for their food—a day ' s work for three , or ofrener two indifferent meals—and they have been refused . Such is the social collapse which our system of rule has produced , that it is unprofitable to spend anything on the wear and tear of the flesh and blood machinery that jmsbt till God ' s earth , and gladden it all over with the harvests of a nation's food .

    Bat if the labourer and the humbfchandicraftsaaB be pinched , or even annihilated , in the financial calculations of our social system , the higher classes of emploves feel no stint High dignitaries of the Church , with £ 20 , ( 500 a-year ; noble ambassadors , with little less ; clerks , commissioners , treasurers , and secrctaries- ^ -aU paid at rates unparalleled for prodigality in the world ' s history—attest the blessings of our constitution , arid the beneficent tendencv of our laws . Compare this state of things with that prevailing in America . There the wages of the lower class are three or four , in some instances eight or ten times as high as here ; whereas , on the other hand , the pay of what may be termed the more aristocratic employments is eight'or ten times as cheap there as herel

    The fceautv of onr beneficent rule is , that we cannot mend-it-. * We have judges in onr Four Courts , rerun ? eight thousand a-year ; and-government could hardfy take a halfpenny from the salary ,. because of the immense incomes that men make in private practice . Sisce if the salary of the judge were reduced , the ermine might go a begging—no mac of eminence would accept it . This is one illustration of the curse that attends tie vicious habits of nations . The aristocracy alone were considered the genius of our constitution , and the spirit of our laws were both directed

    to the artificial aggrandisement of one class , and to the unnatural depression of the remainder There is now no possibility of reform . We must first eradicate , pluck up the gall-plant , root and branch , and toss its ashes to the winds of heaven . These are objects common and mutual to the democracies of the sister isles , and it is , therefore , to be hoped fiat they will work harmoniously together for the general benefit . Solar have they done so ; but growing strength has increased duties , and requires augmented discretion , judgment , and temper .

    Our object , hitherto , his been simply twofold—to convert the masses to democratic principles , and to organise them into a dense , compact , and solid point , whether for resistance or attack . The work goes on—God speed it . Six months more earnest recruiting and honest drilling , and tbe young guards of democracy may take the field ; but they will not need it . When we shall have musteredstrongenoogh for the assault the fortress will surrender at discretion . Xever was victory so peaceful as will he that of the popular armies of the sister isles ; it only wants to be able to conquer , and triumph is certain .

    There is . however , one point very much overlooked by millions who in their souls sympathise with the present movement . They adopt , as they funk , a safe nnd cautious policy ; they keep aside from the ranks of Democracy , partly because its views are directed ultimately and unquestionably to means stronger than a petition , and partly from the novelty of the modus operandi adopted in it . hi the first case , the way to prevent bloodshed is to make our movement so strong that it would be * - * -. * Iness in oppression to hazard a battle . Is this possible ?—could tbe three kingdoms afford three millions of confederated democrats ready to stand to tiftir arm * " for God and their rights , " against

    foreign or domestic foes I Who doubts this ? We 'ould engage to make , ere eightmontbs , the number tip in Ireland . Look at onr wasted farms and our starving population . The process-server and the rate-collector are wonderful elaborators of nation-• " ty . The cottage levelled to its foundation , and reeking hi its rotten walls , fills the air with tbe ger-Einating seeds of treason . England , too , could give her three million soldiers to the eaase— -and she will give them . From the Tweed to rocky Cornwall she groans under an iniquitous oppression . He that works hardest is the most despised and the most miserable being in file State , and God did not intend , and man will not tolerate such a system . The mark of Cain U on

    fie brow ofthe labourer , and he communicates the braad to his infant after him . A social revolution is necessitated and justified , "he way , the means , the end is clear .. But it is absolutely essential to have a visible organisation and Annexion . Secret friends are only- half friends . She appearance of strength often renders theexer-®* of ft unnecessary . Give ns the three milnons enrolled and determined democrats , and let us 566 * hetber a debauched Ministry will attempt to « Ppress us . . - Give us one out of every five that are disaffected , front of every ten that have cause to be so ; and *«« a new version of the Reform Bill shall we ^ with the least po sssible trouble to Pariia-JBent ?

    Tbe wants of England are almost identical . In Mr jealousy and horror of the regime that oppressed **> we do not include our brethren'in degradation . Jj- * eveitnot , men of England ; let no lend ponr P * bitter waters of distrust on onr union . We * " * e suffered together , - and together will we conx **; with one Wow will we decapitate the hydra " ^ bas wasted our double country . * » e distrust Parliament , and so do yon j we have P « 8 ataa-hunting to fti doors , both of us ,, till S ^^ tion after generation have died of hope derereo * ; They tell oi tijrt Je / psMTOprpceed } pp

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    ^ are-proverbially slowr cautious and gradual ; Tv * e kriowifiV : « Kl ' protest against ftaitatdymovements . What to . as rraKit Jthat Rkrliamehtjnay , fiftyyears hence ; recant its . errors overitue graves in which it « Crimea may-have buried us ? : We cannot wait , ; the future . beldngs ' to posterity ; . the present is ours , Ieths use it : Time is the gift of God , let us employ iMosecure the rights of men ., v .- ;; : - - c Organise for the life—uryour , meeting rooms you are daily , gaining the victory .. .-. The country on : all sides is disaffected . It wants but to give that dis * - affection unity -. and a- voice .: The people ho longer understand a loyalty that sacrifices themselves and their , families to the gluttony of a sensual and a grinding aristocracy , and they will no longer submit to it . ' .- ¦ ¦ , ¦ : .. ,., ..

    Ran , pioneers of England ' s independence , run for the cause , scatter the seed of your nation ' s hope broadcast round every hearth : ye approach . Shun Parliament as ye would the poor-house , for it is the leading road thither . We are able to conquer , let us be willing . Let our organisation he , strong as as our necessity , and let the misery of the people , whose redemption ft is our misssion to achieve , be the watchword and the source ofthe struggle .

    Irish Democjratic Movejfent. The Democra...

    IRISH DEMOCJRATIC MOVEJfENT . The democrats of Ireland are everywhere meeting and organising .. "We take the . follouv ing from the Irishman of Saturday last : —

    CORK BRAN Cfl' OF THE IRISH DEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATION . This body held its usual weekly '' , meeting at their rooms , Castle-street , on Monday evening—Mr : Peacock in the chair . —The Secretary commenced the business of the evening by reading the lecture of Mr . Muffirt , ^ entith d " Ways and Means . ' . ' which , appeared in : Saturday ' s / IrisJunan , ' and had proceeded about midway , in same- when Sub-Inspector Walker ( as we understood ) and Ilead-cbnstables Roe , Porter , and Crowley , with Sergeants Cuumorej Vickers , and several . others of . the cvhstabalary , [ entered . The Secretary continued the address to . the end , ; after which the chairman , in an able and effectivesiddress , called upon them to unite and spread tlieir principles .

    They were battling for the great cause of universal freedom , liberty of conscience , and liberty of speech . They did not seek to make a havoc , but wished to live honestly by manly toil ; aiid lie contended that no man with a sane mind ought to be denied a voice ih the making of the laws by which he was'to be governed . The speaker concluded a ' ong and brilliant address amidst cheers f-r Mitchel , Meagher , ac : , & c . Several persons were then admitted members ^ , At the request of one of the members , the . secretary read the ' - 'Address to the Orangemen of . "Ulster ' . ' amidst enthusiastic cheering . —^ Mr . Peacock was then moved from the chair . The " force" seemed to be anxious obs rvers ofthe proci-edinss . , One of them , toak notes (?) " This rather famous or infamous individual made himself more conspicuous than his fellows , by taking down the names of the Committee , a « d hold ; ing a lighted candle at the door , which beheld to the

    face bf each meniber as he reiired ; after the . proceedings had terminated . Subsequently produced a search warrant , signed by James Roche , ' J . P ,, they made a most scrutinizing search , looking into the very bust of John Mitchel . A reinforcement soon after arrived , three bf whom were placed on the street door .: This had the effect of gathering a crowd , who pressed about the door f < r admittance , inconveniently crow , ; - ing the Committee-room . After searching , every hole and corner , hook and . cranny . qf ;; the huildini , without finding any " treasonable papers , " or other documents calculated to bring us under the fangs of the " law , " the Sub-Inspector mustered bis brigade , and bade us a good-bye until our nest meeting . A member veiy politely thanked him for the manner in which he had " established" the Association , as ; rib dou ^ t , it will have the effect of ; procuring more adherents than if he hadajiowed pur addresses , and the placards of the Irishman , to remain posted up .

    Carrick-On-Suik. Branc'i Of The

    CARRICK-ON-SUIK . BRANC'I OF THE

    IRISH DEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATION . The usud weekly meeting of the Carri ck ^^ Democrats was held in thtir rooms , Grei stone-street , on Monday eveuing ^ the 22 nd ult ., i ' r ; Patrick . Comerford in the chair ., The proceedings this evening werevery lively and the . membtrs unusually : excited , owing to the presence at the meeting of the resident magistrate , T . R . Graves , Esq , his son , atid the Sub-Inspector of Police . The business , which was va > her' null to the time of the entrance of these functionaries suddenly assumed an air of interest . The intelligent and respectable methanics of Carrick were on thi ^ occasion true to their wide reputation for " plnck , " and there was a rash of memb'TS to-tbe table to propose and second candidates for sdriiission into the Democratic Association , who were waning outside the door until they were accepted as

    members , and then entering enmasse . paid their snbfcriptidr ' s , and gave their names to the secretary ,, with a provoking imperturbability which evinced a most " seditious" disregard for the " awful presence" of the " authorities . " The magistrate , on his entirancei inquired if the mee'irg was a public onei , . The secretary answered that it was the . usual . weekly-meeting of the Democrats , and that any friend of the cause of democracy was welcome . His worship then said , that though not exactly a friend , he , and the gentlemen who came with hia , wished to witness the . proceedings . ' The secretary offered them a seat , which they civilly declined . They were attended by aposse of police , who were drawn up in the street as Iop ? as his worship and suite remained in the room . There , wis also a great crowd of people in front of the house where the meeting was held , who . seenvd ; very anxious about the resul f of his worship ' s v : sit . ,

    As soon as the business of enrolling members had concluded , Mr . Joseph O'Grady rose to address the meeting , which he did in an able and energetic address . Mr . Graves and suite took their departure , apparently much edified by ihcles-on taught them by the unflinching determinatiori which the . Democrats had that night manifested . Mr . James Cavanagh next addressed the meeting . He complimented the meeting on the determination they evinced ; on that night : hie hoped they would show the s ^ me courage on the hill-side , where Irish patriotism could be more efficiently exhibited in front of the oppressors of seven centuries , and the green flag of Erin floating proudly in the breeze . ( Loud cheers . ) , We add the following editorial comments pf the Irishman : —

    POLICE ESPIONAGE ^ We Democratic organisation is beginning to convince Lord Clarendon that he has . not succeeded in his arrogant boast of having " squelched" Irish "disaffection . " He mistook the whimpering of slaves and tbe fawning of place-beggars for the voic ? of Ireland . He fancied that having succeeded in transporting our martyrs to a convict s doom , and in thinning the ranks of onr true men by expatriation , he had nothing to do but eat his pudding in peace and quietness . He has been woefully disappointed . The vo ce of Ireland was dumb for a while , but is now making itself heard : in manly , burly tones , which betoken self-ccnfidence , determination , and a purpose . This ia the very last thing a haw Whigdesirestohear . .

    Clarendon did . not dream of Ireland recovering speedily from the collapse of ' 48 . The awakened Democracy was a latent power on whicb he did not calculate . He had disposed of the "leaders" - packed juries , Jeffries judges , and suborned tools , did h ' s bidding— -and Whiggery enjnyed : its atrocious triumph . But the . good seed was sown . ¦ ' * . Leadership , " which brought" agitation" and run on' the people's cause , became a thing of scorn . The Democracy , in their mighty and irresistible array , became alive to their rights and their true position , and hence a movement which has struck terrur into all Wfaigdom .

    And , now , brothers , let " caution mark the guarded way . " Do not peril our infant organisation by playing into the hands of the enemy . The doctrines of Democracy require no seditious agency to propagate them . What care , we about police or suborned spies ? Our principles fear not the glare of the noon-day sun—our organisation is open and fearless , and let all our courses be so . In this way we shall "ripen the pear , " end give no triumph to the enemy .

    British College Of Health, New-• . " ' R...

    BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH , New-• . " ' Road , London . FEUWw-CoOKiaTkE * , —The following is the inscription on tlie book containing the Petition to tbe House , of Dominions , signed , oy 10 , 950 persons against pharmaceutical poisons : — , . " MEMORIAL ' Ofthe Names ofthe ' ¦¦¦ ¦

    19 , 950 > . Iadenendent Individuals who signed the Petition presented to tbe Bouse of Commons , On Tuesday , the 15 tn of June , 18 * 7 ( titfoeghSfrienjainto Halt Bart , M . P . for the Borough ' : . ' of St Marelebone ) . ¦¦ AGAINST THE DEADLY POISONS Died or held out as Sfedicines by Doctors , ' .,- In order , to prop their 'Guinea Trade- ' ' Which trade Sb the root of all evils as regards the . public health ; the cause of hospitals and lunatic asylums beine filled with diseased objects ; and , above all , the cause of all persons lives being kept in constant jeopardv throaeh the deadlj chejnicals which-doctors have introddced in order to prop np that trade . " ¦ : The contents ofthe work are as follows- — X Case oTUiss Abercrombie , poisoned by s ' trvchaine . o Bepo ^ bj . lfeSergeant . nowlfr . Justice Talfourd . 2 . Death of Wainwright , her Murderer . " 3 . " Sale of Poisons . ¦ --- ¦

    4 . Uarchioaessof Brinvilliers . 5 . Account of the IqnaTofana : . . 6 . V ^ holesale Poisoning daring the Roman Republic . - 7 . BecentCasesof Pt & oning . a Preface to tbe Seventieth Thonsand of « The Morisoniana . " ; 9 . Buckingham ' s Case : a whole family saved by the Vegetable Universal Mediciae ,-after baring been accidentally poisoned by arsenic .-10 . General Beport of the British College of Health for ¦ '¦ 1850 . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ >¦ ' ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ " ¦ ' ¦ : ? . „ ;¦ - ' ; ; '" - " ¦• •' ¦¦ " i " 11 . Principles ofthe HygeianSystem of Hedidne . " ¦ ' ¦ . 12 . Letter to the Lord Bishop of London on the Sanitary ¦

    ' ¦ ' - Question . '¦• - ' « . ' ' " --- - ' 13 . This Rise and Progress oftbeBritish College of Health Londoht PnbhWfd-by t 8 s'S ^« h College of / Health , Hew-roafl , Price 2 s . 6 d . ' . '; . ?

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    - ' . ' - , ¦¦ ¦ ^^ ONI ^ ' ^ bii ; ' ^; : ; If ; j HOIJSESjQP ^ pkpC ^ Tmi ' nouaeafttipT ashort time , ' and Jdisp 0 scd ;; b ?; sbme ^ tatit business . " . ;'"; < " ' ^ ' ' 'V '' ^ "" . ' :, ''" .. ' . ' . " . ; .,, i . „ :...-: nbUSB OF , COMJfOXS .- ^ TiiE ^ bw , ' , Housi—Mr . ; B / Osborne , after ' alliidirig Jo the long delay which had interposed between the ' members ofthe TJdusb'of j Commons , ' and !; their possession of-the cliamherprepavihgforj . hem ' in . ; th ' e ' . " new palaceipf legislatureijiiquiredwhether " thedisputes j between architect

    the " of the house arid ttieventilater ( Mr . Barry and . Dr . ' Raid ) weroj ^' procesiof settlement , and ; if it were true that t \ n action'fdr defamation was pending ' beforb tbe law courts , brought against the last-named gentleman by . Mr . Barry . " ' ,... ' . ¦ M r . ' Greeni ? stated that the committee of which lie ' was . chairman had done their utmost to compeBe the differences between the gentlemen named , as well . is to prevent the disjpute . from . ' delaying the completion of the New Douses , of Parliament . - Mr . ' Osnonxk gave hotice . iaVuch to . the amusement of the housej " of a motion designed , as he stated , to get rid both of Mr . Barry and Dr . Held for the time to come .

    . " yiGOEBS" IN . " FnEB" ' . ' RErDBHC—Mr . Cockburn called ' the ' attention' of the ! Foreign SceretJiry to . this recent case , of this negro seaman who was forcibly removed fromi a British vessel on its arrival in Charleston harbour , and kept in ; prison the stay . of his ship in that port . 1 W inquired if the government had any information on- the subject . ; .. ' . ; -. ,. . " ' ' .. ' . : ; , ;; ,. ' , ' ,: ' . ' ., ;; ¦ Lord PitMERsroN lamented that ; the subject ; was by nb ' means new to' her Majestyls Government ; it was . an undoubted ; fact that ih ' the states of South Carbllha and Louisiana . , every . coloured ; man ,

    whether ; foreigner or citizen . of , another : st » te , ; mi g ht beSeized and in'i prisoned . s . 'in .. ' lfttt her , ; Maiesty ' s Gbyei'hnient . had , ordered ' our minister at Wasiiirigtbn to . remonstrate " with tlie ^ ^ government of the TJnited States ; against , a . . law' whjch -was not only inconsistent with , the comity ., bf nations but at variance with . the treaty of 1815 ; arid the answer was , that the Federal ^ Gpveii ' ment had no power to induce the Legislature of South Carbliha to alter its inutiicipal law . and that , ; if the British Governinerit insisted uppn-. its rights under the treaty , the * overnnVeht of the United States would find the matter

    so difficult , if not impossible , to . deal with , that it would be obliged . ' to take ' advantage of tlje . stipulation which . gave . liberty to either , party . to . put an end to the treaty ; oflS 15 upon twelve months ' notice . '" . ' , . ; _ ., ' , . -.. . . .,,-: ¦ S avings Basks . —The . Chancelior of the Exchequer then moved for . leave to bring in a Bill for amending the , law relating , to Savings Banks . He observed that although all agreed in . the neces sity . of some ; further legislation upon this subject , there was great difficulty in dealingwith a system , which had grown up . fronv small voluntary associationsj commenced about forty ' years since , until the amount . deposited in savings banks amounted now to upwards of i 28 , 000 . 000 . The necessity of

    legislation arose , not only , from the number of these banks and the magnitude . of the funds , but from-an evil inherent in all voluntary associations—namely , the decay of zeal , and the consequent want of prompt and vigilant supervision , , the , laxity of attendance on the part of trustees and managers throwing too much power into the hands : of ; the secretary or actuary ., Tho Bill ; he proposed ; to : bring in-was entirely prospective . The existing law , ' which t'iok away all liability from the . trustees oi Saving Banks , required them to transmit the deposits to the Com missioners of . the National Debt , who invested the money in the public . funds , and . the government then became responsible for the money thus traiismiitcd to . them ,, and . no . more—annual accounts

    beirig . requtved td'he furnished by the trustees of the banks , though monthly acccouhts were in fact rendered . AU the control : ' iwhich the Commissioners of the Rational Debt had ' . o . ver these institutions was , that they could close their accounts arid refuse to receive any further , monies frdni them ; they had no power or authority to interfere with the management ofthe banks or . the appointment of their officers . He did not think it would he right to leave" those establishments just as they were , and to lay any responsibility upon the government ; and on the other-hand , if-the government assumed the right of ; appointing all the officers of the banks , it would destroy ' . the valuable principle' upon which these institutions were

    founded . Proposing to take npon ; Government the responsibility of the ; receipt and payment of money > the bill repealed the present law enacting that ; the treasurer should receive no emolument , arid it gave the Commissioners of tlie National Debt the appointment of that officer , to who arid by whom all monies would be paid , the bill , making it a misdemeanour in any officer of a savings bank other than the treasurer to receive any deposits . The bill also repealed the clawsein the act of 1844 which took away the liability of trustees , whO ; ivould berespbhsiblo for their own acts and . thoso of their appointees . Sir C . Wood then explained the proposed system of audit by a comparison of the depositors' books with the ledger , the auditors being

    subject to an inspection by : an officer appointed by the Commissioners of the National Debt . Tlie nextobject was to provide against the loss which Hhe State sustained fronv these banks , of which large depositors availed themselves , to deposit when the prices of . the funds were high , and to withdraw their deposits when they were low . He proposed to reduce the limit of the amount of deposit to £ 100 , allowing the depositor to invest that sum , through the medium of the bank , in the funds , when he might begin depositing again . ' The annual loss of the Government at tbe present rate of interest was £ 42 , 000 : he proposed , therefore , to reduce the rate from 3 s . 5 s . to £ 3 per cent , to the banks , and 2 s . 15 s ; to the depositors . These rates

    would ; secure the ; Government . against loss , and cover the expense of the management . He proposed , also , to limit the privilege of investing in the names of trustees . That was a privile ge which had been grossly abused j parties had invested mbrieyin the name of some one else , sometimes their children , purel f nominal trustees , so as to avail themselves of the Savings Bank . Act to an amount beyond the . limit intended . He proposed there should be no investing in the name of a trustee except ( as-we understood ) in case of infancy , or lunacy , idiocy , or unsoundness of . mind . The only other main provision of tbe bill to which he would call the attention of the house related to a point to which great value was attached b y many

    partiesthe hon . member for Stroud for ' instance—namely , extending the power of granting annuities . At present , under the act of 1833 , they could not be granted under £ 4 , and one of the stipulations was , that if before the annuity commenced the party died , or failed in the series , of payments which might form the consideration , the , money he had paid should be returned to him or his representatives ; but , to recover this contingency , the rate of premium was so high that no great amount pf annuities was granted . He should not propose todisturb the existing power of gra ; nting annuities under that system , but to add a power of purchasing annuities under' other conditions . . He proposed , as to the new annuities , that there should be no

    power of purchasing them by means of lristilmeuts , but to countervail that he would reduce the amount of annuity that might be contracted for to £ 1 , lie proposed that' there ' should be no return ofthe money in case of the death of the party before the annuity , became payable ; and this , ol course , would permit some reduction of the rate . The mode in which he expected this plan to work was , that parties could accumulate such a sum in a savings bank as would enable therii to purchase an annuity of £ 1 , and then , having purchased that , go on accumulating more money in the bank till they could purchase another such annuity , still limiting tbe whole amount as at present . This ; he believed ; would extend the system without any difficulty or

    risk . It had been also pressed upon him , but for some time he thought . it almost impossible , that there should be a power of providing for the payment of a sum at death ; that if a person wished to provide a certain sum to be payable to his family at death , he should have the power of purchasing the right to have that payment made accordingly ; The difficulty , of course , arose from the risk of bad lives being named , insurance offices having more power than go vernmentcould have of ascertainingthe soundness of lives , and great frauds having bebn committed notwithstanding . It had been suggested to him , that tbe party should be obliged at the same time to purchase a present or deferred annuity upon tho same life , on the dropping of which the surii

    proposed was to be payable ; and , as the one transaction would give the party an interest in naming a bad and the other a good life , the government would be , insured from loss by providing that the sum payable at 'death should depend upon tbe amount paid in respect of it arid the annuity jointly . He proposed also to give pbwer . tb purchase ah annuity to a 'man ' s widower children after his death . ( Hear , hear . ) ' There were ' some further provisions m the bill , but they were of no ; very great impor t tance , arid after tho length at ; which he had trespassed upon the time of the house he would not go into them . ' The hill would be before the house , and he should be happy to afford information upon any '

    points on which it might be required . ( Hear , hear . ) This was- ' a question into which no party feeling could enter—( bear , bear ) ' -every member roust be actuated by an earnest , desire to promote the welfare of those for whoso sake Savings Bank were instituted . ( Hear ^ hear . ) He should rely , therefore , upon the assistance of every gentleman in the housed and he should be most happy to receive suggestions Wlth a ' view to put the bill in as perfect a shape as possible , in order to promote the usefulness of S ^ ? Ba . nfcsj -which were so valuable to ' the working . classes ,-i-cla 8 sc 8 whose interest we' musOIl ^ . p ¥ *& . ( Hear . ) The system of granting ^ nuitiw was especially valuable to theraj ( Heari ) ff enopea . hrhad done his best to meet tho difficulties whujb M ' occurred ^ hear ,. jiearJ ^ Uu Ihe ,

    - ; ' . ' • - , ¦¦ ¦ ^^Oni^'^Bii;'^;:; I...

    ^ w ^ cwac-by asking leave to bri hg ' m the Ml . ; v-Mr . ) Uume «' ceris ure d ' thb ' past obnnexion ( of "the government ' witti the ' Savirigs Bank as being a ' delh : 8 W a ' ¦ ¦ v P " * » ra were not secured fromj fraud , andl yetithopublio ! suiffered -JFrdm Wrycbnside ' rable losses ^ -arising from the ekperises'lbf management and the depreciation of ¦ the fiihd § . Tbehob . riieiri ber proceeded to criticise various details of the proposed measure ; and Objected in particular ! to the

    inwouuction of a large branch of life a ' ssurarice business which it appeared to ebriteriiplatb : ' ; ' i ' ' : bir . II . . WiLLOtfonnr showed that in form it years anenormous numuerof buyingarid seil ' mgtransactions had taken place with ' the Savings Bank funds m Consols and Exchequer Bills ; which' were apparently , undertaken to serve some gbvertime ' nt purpose , but had resulted in a loss of two millions upon the total accounts .- He inquiredwhethev any check was to bo provided in ^ future agairit a repetition of tins ruitious ' stock-jobbing . : » , ; '

    Mr .-S . Cn ^ wFono complained thatno'hopeof rest » ttttion-was ' -beld out to his unfortunate constituents of Kqchdalc , of the large sums lost through' the dis-Uonestj ^ of tho Savings-Bank actuary . Tiie depositors had heeudeludcd by the semblance of a double ' responsiliility , first from tho trustecs ;' ahdi : sccondly froin / tho government , both of which had turned out fallacious . ¦ < ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ' ' ¦ - ' . ¦ . . Mr . FAOANalsoarirued thepoint in the interest of tie- ; depositors , - who , ' lib ' alleged , had' committed their savings , ; as they believed ' , tothe safe ' keeping of an institution for whose solven ' ey ' thc go ' vevnment had made

    themselves i-ospbnsihlo ; ; , : 'Mr . Grooas followed on tlie same side . ' . ' : --Mr . Slaset regretted that thb amount of interest allowed upondepo ' sits'had beerii-educed . As diie of the tax-paying public , he . 'shbuld have been willing to stand tho risk ofthe loss for the sake of affording to tho _ humbler . 'depositors' a' bbttcr remuneration for their savings . 1 ; His objection extended also ; to tlie narrower limitation now proposed for the maximum deposit allowed to any individual in the s ' avmgs bank . . . •' ¦ ' " . Sir J . Johnstone appealed to tho government on behalf-of tlie depositors in the'Scarborough Savings

    Mr . n ; : HEnnEnTiriadesbmbc geheraI observations upon- tlie foregbirigadmihistratiori ' . bf tho savings banks . " - ' . ' He-. coritended . th ' ajtitho government were morally' and -legally responsible' for . tho money lost to the depositors through the'dishonesty of the officials . ¦ - -.: ;¦ . > ' ;;' .. , '"''' . ' , '; .-.. " .-Mi * . ' Baskbs wished that the goverrimerii t'htcrfbverice for the protection of the depositors had been offered sooner .. ,.- ' , ;""' . ' . '' . ' ' ' ' ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦¦ l ,: 1 ' Co ! . Thompson laid the ' claim , of the defrauded depositors as against the country , , rather than the government-, and'tvusted that the ' country iwould notcomplaiuif called upon to repay the lcs ' s . . . ' , ' The Chakcemor ofthe ExcHEQUER . replied . ; Ho olijected to allow the savings banks '' 'deposit ' s ^ to be

    vested at pleasurein Exchequer Billsj on the prinoipib that any increase in the floating debt was impolitic- "As to ' thecasesof default , ; tlie ' committee appointed last session ' wpuhl be ' revived , in order to reeeive the report drawn up upon the subject ; And untilthen any opinion touching the liability ; of the governtnent would be premature . '" .. ' . " , ' ; ' - , : ¦ . , ¦ ¦ ; Leiive was then ^ iven to bring in' tlie bill ] ' '•';¦ ¦ EcctBSiAsricAL Commission . — 'Sir . G : , Grey , in moving th ' e second reading of tho Ecclesiastical Coirimission Bill ( which had come from ' the Lords ) , gave an outline'bf itsobjects and the ' general nature of its main' provisions ; '; The ; bill , he , ' said , was ' foundedupbn the fccbmuibndatibh of the cbriiinittee appointed in 1847 , and ' , reappointed in 1848 , the

    gdvernmerit coricurring with the committee ; that the composition of . the corriiinission was unfavourable to the efficient ; discharge of the various and iniporferint business placed by . parliament '' in , the bandsof the Commjssiorier'j ; Tho bill provided for the ' appointment by tho Crown of two My c ' oiiimissibners ; to'becalledi Church Estates ; Commissioners , the first to be a ; ' paid ; commissioner !; ° and" biie Episcopal Comtnissioner ; also paid , ' to be appointed by the'Archbishop' of Canterbury , , Tho Church Estates Commissioners were fb be ii . ' cbriimittee , to be called the Estates Committee , ; to ;' mariage . the property ofthe' Commission . ' Amongst tlie minor provisions was one whtbh separated the duties of treasurerand . secretary , theformeit office to be

    executed' by two of tho Estates Conimissibriera , With referenceto twoprovisions intliei ' hill as' passed by the House of Lords—one relating to the consolidation of the episcopal and condition' fun ds , the other concerning the emlbwhients of certain . deaneries-Sir George stated it was the intention of the government to propose to restore the bill to the state in which it was before being altered . in ; these particulars by the House of Lords ;; ' Mi \ HbiisMAS believed that ' the hill , as a measure of ecclesiastical reform , ' wasnot suchastheirovernment desired . 'but such as they had been able to carry through the House of Lords , deformed by a variety of concessions wrested . ' from thcra by the opposition of the prelates . ' Anion * : the acknowledired faults of

    the Ecclesiastical Cbaiinissibri' was its oversize . This fault was hot remedied ; on the contrary , thenumberpf members , was increased from 49 to 51 . An other fault was ' " the ' preporideratin ' g . weight of the clerical element , ' which was also left urifectified . The committee of . irijguiry had reebmmended the appointment of three paid' cbmmissipners , . wishing to introduce the innovation of . payment wiih the natural accompaniment of respohsibility . ' By , the bill the number' of paid commissioner ' s were reduced . to two , ' one of whom .- was to be appointed by " the Archbishop . of Canterbury , although the primate * jrid the whole episcopal bench . remained thehVsplyes . on the commission , and thus held a , virtual mbnopoly of in . , fluence at the bbard . This conclusion the hon .

    member strengthened by exammirig the constitution ol the Estates Conimittecj and contended that the solitary lay paid commissioner . ' would' be utterly overpowered , being left in a minority of one to three on the committee , arid- of one . to fifty in , the general meetings . of , the , ecclesiastical cpriimissioners . In its present shape , in fact , the measure was so mistaken ; and imperfect that he should counsel its rejection rather than adopt it unamended . As . ihstarices of . the extravagance . and mismanagement of other ecclesiastical , boards , ^ he gave some minute details of , the c ' omihissioris for church building arid the administration of Queen Anne ' s Bounty . ' £ 8 , Q 00 a year : was ' wasted upon those two boards ; which might be

    advaritaeeously consolidated with the Ecclesiastical Commission . With respect to that body , he advocated first , the restoratiori of the third' paid commissioner as originally intended inithb present bill . Next he argued , that' the business to be done was purely secular , the " episcopal bench had no right to seats amongst its members . The church did not consist of . the bench of bishops .. , Its property had been robbed in former ages by kings and nobles , and was since abstracted by ecclesiastical commissions . ' The prelates . wererepresented there ; and their interests prbtected . ' but ' -hocafb wastaken and rib voice raised in tlie '' commission foi ; . the parochial clergy . Upon a board , for administering teriiporalitics thb'bishbps had ho proper duties . * they

    had most important d uties callingth ' em . elsewhere to tlie perfbrniancfJ of the various offices appertaining to their sacred vocation . " -The hon , ; hiebiber then drew a portrait , ' of the fathers' of tlie church as they ought ; to he , contrasting ; it with the outline indicated in the present bill , wliich ^ he designated a "bishops' bill , " and showed that it mirrored back the prelates as they ; bught not to be . . ' ,. Mr . GputBouR ^ complained that'the hori . member had travelled' [ but of " the recordj' in order to vituperate the conduct of the prelates , . whichwas not under question iri tlie bill b ' efbrb them . The ecclesiastical ; commission , had originated ' . with ; the bishops , and oho of its first ' acts was io rediicelthe . episcopal incomes and apply the money thus saved to

    church and educational use ' s .-, He denied tliat the spiritual duties of the prelates " could bo properlyi performed if they were deprived of , their temporal dignities . -If the episcopal , functions were loss , ado-, quatcly fulfilled now than in tihies past , the reason " was not because the bishops " were ; . unfaithful ) | but beoauso they wero so few in comparison with the iriultiplyirig floc'is whom they had to oversee . No fair comparison ; could be drawn on . the subject of emoluments , between the incoriies paid out of the taxes , pi * earned in a profession , and those derived from property bequeathed , for a particular purpose by the piety oi our ancestors . ;' ,: ,: . ' Mr . E . Denison hoped that , by dint of soriie ainendment , it would be possible to make tho bill a

    good and ' effe ' ctnal measure after all , , ' Lord J . Russell submitted that no objection had been Offered ' tothe second reading of the , bill . All the controversy had turned upon points that 'could only bb settled in committee ., The reduction ofthe , three paid cbraraissibniers , to two , which had-beeiV so much censured , was merely ; an arrangement' of detail , founded upon the consideration . that no sufflcientbusiness ; existed to justify the appointment of three paid officials . , Except on ,, , account of the expense tho change ' was immaterial , and the committee might revbrsoit . . He ' coiifessed , however , < that ho was riot .-iltpgether satisfied with , some of . the alterations effected by the . prelates . during the progress of . tbe billin the other house .: : ' m Mr . B . Obbobve made I a . vigorous onslaught ! on Mr . Goulburn ... ( . What , l ; e , rbse for was to call attention to th

    e most extraordinary language ? used towards the hon . member " for Cockermouth . I Hear , hear . ) . They had heard the , sneer . ' . whiohihad , been thrown out from the ; opposite ,. side . ef thehouso about "the laboured bloquerice '' , bf his hon .-friend : ( Hear , hear . ) Kow , ; he ( Mr . „ Osborne ) . had listened to the labour , but had heard very little eloquence in the speech of the right hon . gentleman ; ( Mr . Goulburn ) , who' had , taken fbiir , weeks to concoct it , : in answer to a speech delivered by his hon , friend ( Mr . Horsman . ) He . had , tp ^ congratulate ; the right'hbri , geritleman on his labour , rather than on his eloquence , foraspeech more tainted wi { h , vituperatiori , and less ; pregnant . with , argument , -. he ^^ ^ had , never heard . . ( Hear . heaV , ; and ; alaugh ;)) :. \ The right hon . gbritleman laid it down tliat tho .-House of Commons had , ' nothirig , to doyy ? Jth . the } church ;? ' . If was'with deJight hefind beard tlie . noble lord Jay : down . the

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    T . i'l ' ¦'[ — f J '"* -- ¦ - - ' " — ¦ ' ¦¦ ^^^ >^^^^^^^ ! f ^^ P' ^ :-- Vn ^ h ^ liWS , M ??* to , , mako « auch a speech to the jbronilsaioners who , were sitting undnr ? . i * , » niio « ,:

    • "' ¦ ' r"J % " ¦> t- ?"> " ¦ , i lime » as much as to say ., „ Sefl-what , a . speech I am making for you " 'butas to laying down such dpctririeiriow , he would ' saytb ' the nght . hon ., geii . tlcmah ,, " , Ten . tbatitb the Marines—the sailors . wori ! t bplieve : you . ' . ' (( Hear , hear , and ,, somo , laughter . ) , , 11 b certainly was . su ^ - pfi ^' edi ' . W , Hear oric who ^ jadJieen _ , a ^ Minister throw ' biit ' snbh a lbw ' -brDtVta ' rint .. . igairisfc ^ . th . bh ' ori . ihembQi ' - ' fpr- ' Cockbrinbuth . . The right ' hori .. gentleman said ,. "You ' afe auisappbirit ' ed'man— -you expected to , be a Cabinet . Minister . " . ( Hear , . hear ;) ,. He did not ' think that came with a very good grace from one wlib had been tied like a tin-kettle to the tail of tho rieht hon . member for Tamworth ( laughter , ; and

    cries of' 'Oh ! oli ! " ) so that in the several , changes ofthe right hon- baronet ( Sir R . Peel ) , as he ran froiri" one side of the house to tho other , they always heard tho tin-kettle rattling behind him . ( Renewed laughter and some murmurs . ) The man who had voted against Catholic Emancipation-ono day and voted fprifc the next ; ; who had ¦ voted . against free trauc . tp-diiy . ' and votbil for it to-morrow , turned round to ' his ' hon ; friend , and because he ( Mri Horsman ) had ' succeeded in taking a stand iri tlie country where the right hon . geiitlcmatrhad riot succeeded in getting a footing , said , '•{ ' Yon are a 'disappointed man because you arc not a Cabinet Minister . He ( Mr . Osborne ) could not sit in his place and hoar , a tauntso low—so nivvorthy tho . represuntntivo of Cambridge , without entering his protest against it . . Thisbrought up . ,. ' . . ..

    Sir R . II . Ingus , who spoke with some warmth , he said ,, the hon . and gallant , officer ( Air . Osborne ) had fulfilled the promise of hisoponingspcech . He doclared ho > could not speak on tho merits ; oi \ the bill , 'and thafcspromiso ,-it'least ho had fulfilled , for not one word had fallen from him either as to its principle or as tp its details . But ( continued tho lion , baronet ) the hou . and gallant . member has said , that , ia right ' hon . member of this house has used ' low language . I appeal ' to vo ' u . Sir . if you

    have over heard . . such _ language used to any-other hon . member as has Seen . recently , addressed to tho right' ! hori ' member for the University of Cambridge by the hon . and gallant member —( cheers)— , ad-. di'essed : hy . him to one his , equal in ever */ thing—bis superior in station—in talent—in- temper—in oio-. quence . ., ( Cheers , and cries of " , Oh ! " ) He denied that , the .. clergy were stipendiary servants whoso salaries were to bo allotted by parliament .. Ailtlie Act would do' was to leave tfiom . a . little more of their own ' . Ho told the . hon .. member that older far

    than any of our nobility was" the -property ofthe Bishop of London within' five ' miles' of the house . ( "Oh , oh 1 " : and a l ' , vugh . ) That property ., had been inithe possession ; ofthe- seoof London 1 , 300 years . ; -. (! . ' . Qh ! " . ; . 'uid a-laugh , ) -. Certainly ; above 1 , 200 years . - . ; . .. ( An hon . Mkmbeb . —Since the days of the . Reformation ' ?) .., I ¦ . ani asked ( said tho hon .-baronpt , turriiiig 'to the bench behind hint ) ; by an lion . member ; w & 6 has , I n take it for granted , sworn to maintain the ' propertyof the chiirch ' , ifthese . possessioris have not only belonged to ' the seei of London since ^ the ' days of tho Reforniatiori .- -I tell Kim they havb'belonged to -: the see of Londonsince the ,-yonr 040 .:. i ( ., '; . Oli , iOh ;!" i and' a - laugh ; - ) . I don ' t know . ; if he has tho unliappiness to disagree with the-Bishop

    pffLondon ln . thp , views ho takes of religion . ( " Oh , oh , ! " arid renewed laughter . ) I am not to be put d 6 wn ' , by criesi of *¦! Oh '' froth those who would never have ' bebri admitted into ' this house but ' for the too easy credulity of somo of my i-igiit 'hbn . friends . ( Liiughter , mingled with renewed , ¦ 'Ohs ! " and cries of " Order ! Order !'? ) The hb ' n . member for Cockermouth appears to be uniformly in the situation * of tbose ; , uuhappy men to whom the sight of . water is . an , evil producing struggles aitd convulsions . Nothing will relieve . him from his paroxysrii but' the removal , ' ofthe object bf his dislike . ( Mr ., Hobsmas made a remark which was'inaudible . ) I have received sb habitnally the Iridulgeiice pf the House when ' ' I address them "thac 1 ' should be the

    last'to complain of irit ' eiTuption , - '; but ' ; I ' own it is . more than ; usually difficult to go on , when sounds , exclamations ; and addressesUo myseH proceed from tho . hon . gentlemen behind rob . ' There , was pno , expression ; used by the hon . member . , to the effect that , the commission was universally . " . ' condemned . ,. ' ( Cheers . ) .. He . ( ' Sir R . Iriglis ) happened not to be abliTto iueiitily the persons ' from whom these cheers proceeded , ' , hut . 'he was happy to know that they proceeded from three

    persons-only ; ( Ironical cheers arid '* laughter . ) NoWjWhether they , were tho voices of the three tailors of Tooley-street , he knew nof ( loud laughter , )—but certainly that expression bad not been sanctioned by more than three members of , the . House . He was not called oh to defend th-, commission . ' He < lid not belong to it ; anil be had deprecated its creation and enns ' titutiori ; but he must say-thai ; if the bishops were not . stipendiaries , but proprietors , he saw no reason why they shoxild not bo permUted to sit at a board professing to

    administer their affairs . - > Sir B . Halit having moved that the . debate be adjourned , .,.:., ... , ; . ¦ ; ; " Mr ' . ' Sidney ilEBBEKi deprecated the continuation of a church controversy in the spirit then" apparent in tho house ; " and wished tlie measure to be sent in at . conce . to'the committee , where the amendments suggested could be properly considered . Somo "discussion on- . the propriety of adjournment followed ; in the ' course of which Mr . HonsMANgave Mr . , Goulburn " a Rowland , for his Oliver , " afrer caliing . upon him to Eire . 'his authority for the insinuation , that ho was a disappointed man in not bavin , ; lieen ;; made ; a 'Cabinet . Minister—he : continued He would not . venture to .. hanny . ' accusations with

    tho . right honourable gentleman — he would not contrastibis conduct on tho Opposition side of the House with what it had : been on that ( the Ministerial ) side .. The right honourable gentleman was the . ; champion . of tho church , and he would not therefore remind hiin , that-at his last election , lie was . only saved from defeat by the magnanimity of his opponents . Kb man ' s career was ,. Indeed , ni &> open : to remark than that ofthe right honourable gentloman . He respected , tho honourable riieniber below him . ( Sir R . Inglis ) , because , ho knew ho » - honest and how puve . werethat honourable baronet ' s motives . He ( Sir It . Iiiglis ) was as firm as the church he defended , but the rii'Jit . honourable gentleman was . Hke . J he . weatlieruoek on the steeple . ( Cheers and laughter . ) The right honourable gentleman had . fbllow ' ed'thb promptings of a party—he had followed the dictation of a lender—but ho had

    never been chargeable with having followed hi .-convictions since he had bad a seat in that House . ( A laugh . ) . lie would not say that tho right hon . gentleman had served his country , but ' at least he had earned his pension . -He would , in conclusion , remind him bf the advice which Junius gave to Sir W ., Draper ' . —" Either r « g . uU \ teyour . VMtuvo ' c ' oiiuWei so as to . be able to set the most malicious inquirie !> at defiance , or , if that bo a lost hope , at least have prudence enough not to attract the public attention to a character which will only pass without censure when it passes without observation . " " ( A laugh . ) i . ' . vLord- J ; Russew , interposed , and paid both gentlemen a compliment , after which Mr . Goulburti retracted . The amendment was withdrawn , tinbill read a second time , and after disposing ofthe other orders , tho House adjourned at a quarter past one o ' clock .

    . -TUESDAY , iriiii , 30 . " . HOUSE OE LORDS . —Their lordships-sat about an ¦ h ' ouv , ' , having principally occupied that time in a ' conversation on tho manner . in ' which the money had been ' cx pchded ' -uiidbr tlie Labour Rate Act in Ireland , - - " .-., ; .- ,, .-. ; ; . ¦ . ;¦ . ;;' . ' u-- ; . - . ' The Marquis of-Westmeatu , who moved for returns of money advanced in the . barony of Delvi ' n , strongly coiidomned the . extravagant and injurious way in . which it had been , applied ,, The returns , « -ero ordered . .. .. . ¦ . ¦ > :... ¦¦¦ ¦ ..- ¦ : i . . ; . nOU . SE . OE COMMONS . —Free Tbadb Statistics . — , in reply . to -Mf ^ Newuboaib , ¦ : •; ¦ ,- > ; Mr .. Labouciibrb vindicated the accuracy of the Board of Trade . returns . relative to the imports of corn , which that lion , member had impugned ,, and . asserted that the alleged error in ' those returns was in reality caused by his own confusion'of the dates and tariffs included in those ¦ ¦ ¦

    returns . . ' .... ;¦ .... . . "• ; . A-Sswi- . Lmw . Job . —SirB ; HaIlentered into a statement respecting a , sinecure office attached , to the Prerogative . Court of Canterbury Cathedral , whose revenues amounted to between £ 10 , 000 and £ 14 , 006 . per . annum , and to which ( although the late Archbishop of Canterbury had , from conscientious scruples , left , the office vacant ) tho present primate had nominated a relative of his own . The hon , . baronet-inquired as to tho truth of this statement , and . whether , any act was in preparation to regulate ; or abolish ecclesiastic sinecures . ,: f Lord , J . Russell acknowledged tho accuracy ef Sir B ; Hall's statement , Lord . Canterbury hasthb first veversion , he being nominated by his father when-Archbishop ; and when the present premate came into office , finding that Dr , Howley had not nominated a person to the vacancy , he had given it to his son " ayoung man now studying in the Tetnnl *

    ( Ileal '; hear , and laughter *) His lordship added that- the whole question of ecclesiastical appbirit' mcntB was under the scrutiny of acommittee , which mightprobably - result cither in the abolition of tho ' omce indicated , or at all events a larjrb reduction _ in its . emoluments ; ( Cheers . ) . ,. , ^ Sir B . H ail gave notice of a motion for some returns'on this subject . ^ Rbduption oj Baubibs akd' Wages , op Public SKnviNTs . —Mr . Heklet moved an address , to the Y ' 0 * ' * . *® direct ; a ; careful revision of the salaries ' - ! . !• » ; . **? 8 cs hi 1 every ; department of the " public service ; with a view to a just and adequate reduction pf them . 'After a cursory notice of the inquiries bf this nature . whibh ; had been instituted under ;' the ' authorityof'Paiiiament'from 1821 uritilthe '; select bbmmitteea of 1848 , hebbservedthatLbrd ^ J . 'Rus-SEii had the ' other riight p ' rpposedi . to refer , tb acbm inittee ' j ' the ' salariesin three branches of the public iervicbi ' - ' hanielyi thbsb of perspris holding seats in Parliament those in the diplpmatip service , '" arid

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    those * of judicial officers , -i Each of these : branches , however , stood upon special ; grounds , whilst the great mass of : the- civil expenditure : was > left untouched . ' If , Parliament deemed it right that these three branches should be subjected to ihqniry , why should - . the : rest . esbftpe ; revision f-. 'lhe total amount ot salaries and wages paid in the Customs , Excise , 'Stamps and Taxes , Post-office , ' : Crown ¦ handstand- other departments , ' : » ih 1848-49 was £ 4 , 327 , 000 , riot a farthing of which came under the review of Parliament . - If to this sum were adaed those civil salaries and . wages which wore annually submitted to Parliament ,: namely ; £ 2 , 647 , 000 , the amount was £ 6 , 974 , 000 . But this wasi not all ; there , were : salaries , under the control of tho

    Government paid out of tho Exchequer to county court judges and officers in tho : c 6 > irts ¦ of law amounting to not less than £ 500 , 000 ; . so that the gross aggregate was £ 7 , 500 , 000 a year , exceeding by £ 1 , 000 , 000 the whole expenditure for the effestivo force of the army , navy , and ordnance . ' Mr . Henley then entered upon a . ininute . analysis of the alleged reductions in the revenue departments during pvcccuiug years , the superannuations ,- & c , and contended that the country had not gained the advantage it had aright to expect , from tho modifications made in our system of taxation , so that , at all events , tho revenue branch ofthe expenditure ought io be revised . The great alteration of late years in the

    value of money , and the continued decrease in the rate of ; interest , lowering profits , renderei all fixed incomes more valuable ; and although lit- did not say that our legislation for the lust three or four years had been carried on with the view of securing such a state of things , it had had the eitect of establishing low prices . He then showed from statistical facts that the reality-of distress and the pressure , upon trade , which ¦ ' were further demonstrated by the state of prices . In 1823 the official value of our exports was £ 52 , 000 , 000 , tho declared valuo £ 36 , 000 , 000 ; in 18-18 their official value was £ 132 , 000 , 000 ,. the declared value £ 52 , 000 , 00 . The depreciation of our home products- had extended ,--in many cases , to twenty-five per cent .

    Having thus shown the amount of salaries excluded from the consideration of . tho government committee ; that there was a general cry for more work ami lass money , and that there had been a great and general reduction in the cost of all the necessaries and luxuries of life , he thought he had laid » sufficient ground to induce Parliament- to revise , in a spirit of just and true economy , this large branch of the public expenditure . . TJioChascellob of the Exchequer said , in many ¦ of . the statements and views of Mr . Henley he concurred , and if he thought there was any-ground for accusing the present government arid its predecessors of neglect of their duty to makeevery ' pr- ' Cttcable reduction of salaries , he should bealmo .-t

    disposed to acquiesce in his motion ; But Lord J . Russell ; -on-a preceding evening , had shown the largo reductions which had been progressively effected ,. during-a series of-years , in the ; civii departments , so that the motion would convey a censure , altogether undeserved . Mr . -Henley had rieviatedinto tbe subjects of exports and prices ; in the former he had erred through-a misapprehension of facts , forgetting tho effect of machinery , arid with respect to- depreciations , the cost of many kema entering largely into the expenditure of families had-increased , or not materially diminished : meat was higher ' in 1849 than in 1843 , and potatoes nearly double the price .,-. In spite of the difficulties of cumins : out reductions of salaries and

    wagesfor those who voted for such reductions in the tuiuse not nnfrcqnently complained to the governnieic of their cruelty—lriuch . had been . ' done , riot always by diminishing individual salaries , which was not '' ivue and just economy , " but generally . by reducing the number-of , persons employed , from whom a greater amount of labour was exacted . Sir C . Wood stated the retrenchments which had been effected in various public establishments , and this in the face of a considerable annual increase of business . From returns obtained by Colonel Sibthbrp , .. it was proved that between 1815 and 1835 the schedule of sal-tries had been reduced from £ 8 , 700 , 000 to a little more than £ 2 , 700 , 000 . ' ., In the- three departments of tbe treasury , customs , and inland revenue , a saving had been effected of more than £ 60 , 000 since 1321 . He showed that other great , establishments were hot conducted at a less expense ; than those os' the

    government , the salaries paid by tbe Bai- ' . i of England ( £ 211 , 000 ) being only £ 27 , 000 less than those of the great offices of government , whils : the Great Western Railway Company had prove-lby experiment that excessive reduction bf salaries was false economy . The government , therefore , having acted , and still acting , upon principles of true economy , he did not ask the house to negative the principle of the motion , but , as it involved a cer . sure upon the' government which was undeserved , he moved the previous question . ' Colonel Sibthoto and Mr . Newbeoate supported the original motion . Mr . HuiiE considered that the motion was not uncalled for as a supplement to the . committee lately appointed , whoso range of inquiry was much too liriiited . Without assigning any blame to the government who had recently done much for eco « nomy , he wished that proposition of Mr . Henley should be adopted .

    Mr . Roebuck , approving ofthe idea of a scrutiny , believed'that the result would bo to show th-u . the working staff of officials who did the business of the nation ' were disgracefully underpaid . 'In the Treasury , the clerks begin at £ 90 a year , and by dint of labouiy good conduct , and talent , insight rise to £ 200 by " the time they were thirty * threeyears old ' : to £ 500 fit fifty , and if promoted into the highest class , might receive £ 1000 per annum when fifty-nine . Tho country had a right to fiave the " question settled , of which Lord J . Russell ' s motion ofthe " previous question" was a mere eva-ion . Sir R . Ped'agrced with Mr . Roebuck in considering the proposition for inquiry a truism , but would not follow his example in voting for it , believingit'to belong to a class of truisms , whose adoption by the house would prove . highly inco >

    irenient in tho transaction of business . Corrc-Mng an erroneous inference drawn by Mr . Henley , he stated that the ; remission of the glass , auction , and other duties , in 1845 , had led to a ' reduction vf no less than 450 iri . the number of tho excise oihVers He corroborated the opinions expressed by Mr . Roebuck and the ; Chancellor of the Exchequer aa to the laborious and responsible duties devolving upon the subordinate functionaries of the : Kmte , and tho moderate tariff of their emoluments , and he added the testimony of forty years' experience to . the fact that those duties were invariably performed with tho most scrupulous honour and ' fidelity . Even the highest salaries attached tothe political offices of administration he did not thin ! -, iu excess of what their services had cursed and the public interest required .

    Mr . Cobden treated the motion as a declar-ition of war against wages , and therefore opposed it . When production increased through the progress of scenes , whether the increase took place in co * ton , iron , or corn , the labourer ought to shave in the benefit , and . at least preserve tho old rateo ; ' his wages . Rents had not fallen , then why sl . iiuld wages ? Speaking of the midland manufactii-ing counties , it was within his knowledge that it , < ges had lately advanced regularly and repeatedly .. The agricultural labourer had heretofore existed m an exceptional state , being employed at a bare subsistence rate of pay ; but even this class was beginning to share in ' the general improvement . In the government expenditure he saw ho excess of indiridua

    remuneration , bet looked for -retrenchment in the number of employes , and the abolition or consolidation of certain departments . The pvopositit , » o Mr . Henley made no mention of the numbers of official functionaries , and was besides evidently de . signed . by way of retaliation for measures whicli had led to a fall in the price of corn . - Mr , II . Duummond quoted from a speech delivered on the first night of the scission the assertion that ninety millions-had been saved through free trade , and demanded to have a per ccntage of that saving returned to the country by a reduction of official salaries . Ho suspected the utility of committees arid commissions , and taunted the ministry with employing the appointments thus onened bv wav of

    bribes to the economists . Mr . P . Wood opposed tho proposition for inquiry , not wishing to ; spread abroad a discouragingand false impression that wages wore declining . _ Mr . Disraeli assumed , as a fact recognised on all sides , that the country was becoming less able to bear the pressure of taxation ; yet many millions of the taxes , that pressed upon the springs of industry had been remitted , concluding with the corn tax , under the incessant complaints and . agitation of the manufacturing interest . It was now . the turn oftheagriculturists to complain . Their , prosperity had been assailed , arid they turned to tho tax-book to discover how their , distresses might bo alleviated . The hon . member then denied the charge laid against himself and his ' party , of having voted for any reduction of . taxation which , the state ef the revenue did not justify , as safe . From the American , war of independence tothe passing of the Reform

    Bill , he claimed for the Tories the glory ot having , devised arid passed every measure of political frugality , and appealed , to Mr . Hume to pronounce whether the reformedHousc of Commons had not proved far worse professors of economy . i than their corruptprede ' cesBors . -Thequestion-had . been , argued upon ' a ; too limited basis , as if it turned merely upon , the mysterious appointments of Down- * ing-streetand involved an amount of £ 200 , 000 , instead bf including tho whole mass pf functionariesand extending to an aggregate of seven and , a ha millions of expenditure per annum . Financial reform had now received a severe blow . Its advocates hadlearrit fhatthero was really sometimes a danger that theirmotions might he carried , and henceforth * nbne . ' vfouW r'hb . ' propbaed . Committees , vserecpnveriient ,., shields for the . responsihilityrof ' the ., ministers , " but a more practical ' , inquiry-. wris " . jrequired , by , ' . the , exigencies of ithe ; time « .. Public ' ' distress had' followed tlie free trad *

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 4, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04051850/page/7/