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Northern Star (1837-1852), 3rd February 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, DESTRUCTIVE FIRES. HircniNanoNsniRE.—A V...

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      Appalling Colliery Explosion At Barnsley...

      m : Thomas , Charles , and Aaron BgJ ^ £ 3 brothers ; Edward Utdey ; P ^^ S ^ mot gillott ; George Tettley , g ^^ Kfihttro GiUot . in whose family fi ^ e * Thomas Daraona-in-law and thr ^ sois ;) John and win , Gm ^^^^ nardigt Henry Firth , Georg e Fnher ^^^ Wham Grm ^ Edward ^ * , m r ^ pleby David Brow ^ -Amo ^ e Wh six Children ^ atrIc l / ^ ieL William ^^ Dor ^ Slwift , William Hu ' tchinson , S Swift ' wSnfHoy land , Francis Battey , John $£ lor , ™ hn and Joseph Ellison , boys , brothers ; J £ Smith , George fcurfitt , Samuel Goodhffe Thomas Littlewood , andhis son ; John Kaye , * rank Wilson , a man called "Lankey John , " and six whose names are unknown . -i > ' = = = , .- „ .

      „„ , „ , „ The ml owner of the Darley Pits is we are informed , the Earl of Dartmouth , whoresidesat bandit-ell TKll near Birmingham . WoSo' » U Frioay afternoon .-The coroner f . f ihe district , Mr . Thomas Badger , opened the inauelt upon the bodies ofthe sufferers at the Masons ' inns , Worsbro'Dale , at eleven o ' clock this morning , hefore a highly respectablcjury composed of eighteen residents o ? the vicinity . In consequenco ofthe arrangements not being complete for conveying the jury to the places where the bodies were lying , two witnesses ( William Broadhead , an eng ine tender , and James Armitage , a collier ) , were first examined . The jury proceeded in an omnibus to the places

      where the deceased lay . Satcrdat Evexixg . —The adjourned inquest commenced at eleven o ' clock this morning . The first fitness called was Charles Locke , of Snapethorpe , near Wakefield , oolliory agent , ( brotherto Mr . Locke , M . P . for IIoidion ) . who said : On tho 10 th of January last , I , alon <* vrith Mr . T . D . Jetfcock , of Sheffield , a colliery riawer and engineer , went into and examined into the Darley Mam Colliery . We went into it to ascertain the quantity of coal which had been got during the previous half year . We examined the workings as we went along , * nd found them in my judgment , perfectly safe . The ventilation was very good indeed . I went down into the pit again on

      Thurs-• dav morning last ( the morning after the explosion ) , about three o ' clock , accompanied by Mr . George Porter Maddison , a colliery engineer , and a number of miners . ( Mr . Locke stated the course they took through the pit ) . I observed that several of the stoppings and doors had been blown down . In the explosion , seventy-five persons , whose bodies have been identified , were killed . I considered the pit was well ventilated . It was considered so safe that the men worked with naked candles . The colliers have complained of their having burnt too many candles , in consequence of the great quantity of air in the pit . We inspected the pit on the 10 th inst . .

      with naked candles , as we considered it safe to do so . In search for the bodies , we used a Davy lamp . There may have been some accumulation of gas in flie old workings . They had worked the coal off to the throw , amf where the old workings had fallen in , « as had accumulated . In my opinion , the recent lti : rh winds have checked the ventilation ofthe mine , anu thus caused the explosion . I cannot blame any one . I consider it was purely an accident , arising from circumstances unknown . I am not aware that there has been the least unpleasantness between the owner of the colliery or their superintendents and the men .

      James Beactoxt , colliery agent to Messrs . Field , Cooper , and Co ., of Wodthorpe Colliery , deposed : On Wednesday morning , a little before twelve o ' clock , I proceeded to the upcast air shaft of the Parley Mam pit , and found the air coming out all Tishi . " I afterwards went down the pit shaft with Mr . Maddison and others . We found Mr . Broadhead and some others near the pit bottom . They had gone down before us . In consequence of what they said , we proceeded on the low level to the top ofthe engine board gate , where we found a stopping blown down . Near to the top of the broad-gate , which we passed to the ungine , we found the air heavily loaded with after-damp . We threw the doors open between the pit bottom and the top ofthe

      engine hoard-gate , and let the water out of the boiler to extinguish the furnace fire . We then found two hoys alive close by the engine . We sent them out , and a little distance off , we found a man , named Thornton , fast in the board-gate , under some corves . On account of the foul air , we were obliged to turn Lack into the fresh air . ( The witness detailed the CXt'iiious made to rescue the sufferers , and the finding of many dead or alive . ) About six o ' clock that night I came out ofthe pit , being unable , from exhaustion , to remain there longer . On Thursday morning , at six o ' clock , I again went down into the pit with Mr . G . P . Maddison , Mr . Locke , and others . In consequence ofan alarm given , we went out of the pit immediately . Some parties at the top of the

      S ? aft had called out to us that the pit appeared unsafe . After a time , we went down into the pit a < rain and stopped at the slit , and then went forward and fetched out the bodies we had before found . ( The witness went on to describe the state of the workings when he went into the pit . ) There was little other damage done than theblowing out ofthe Stoppings . I only saw one corve that was broken . Tk'fe were seven " horses killed , aud three escaped . I think the explosion was very weak compared with that which took place in February , 1 S 47 , when six men were killed . I do not know what state the pit was in before the explosion , but , from what the men s . iv , there ; was . a good current of air . I think the

      explosion had been partly caused by the late prevalc-iit hi g h winds . 1 nave not heard any one blamed . ( Witness made some suggestions as to the mode of improving the ventilation of the pit , ) Thompson , the foreman , must have thought the pit was safe , C » r he would not have remained in it . He was , as I have stated , one of those who was injured . Certainly one more air-gate would have prevented it . — A Juror : But why were you ( in Cooper ' s pit ) not expwed to the same danger from the hi gh wbl ? j—Witness : These pits are so different from ours that the danger is much greater . We mi ght stop the ventilation in ours for six hours without an accumulation of gas , which would take place in this pit .

      George Porter Mammsox , coal-agent for Messrs . Field , Cooper , and Co . —A little after twelve o ' clock I went down the Darley Main pit , along with James Beaumont We found the air good at the bottom until we arrived at the dip level . There between the two levels we found a stopping displaced , and a portion of the air passing through into the return air-gate . For safety we had the underground engine fire put out . ( The witness stated some particulars as to the currents of air and the state ofthe pit . ) I was also present during the following day ( Thursday ) . From what I have seen I think the explosion tookplace in the extreme east or dip work , ii « ir : o the throw . I think it has not been a sudden csplo-ion . The men were so severely burnt , alon < *

      toe Ts-iiole workings , that it must have been more a hrj !« : ! i « or slow-spreading lire than a sudden blast . It ha ; not occurred in one portion of the pit only , but in three distinct portions of the workings . It has done extremely little damage to the pit compared vriih . the severity ofthe burning on the men and boy ? . I should say that the primary cause was tu

      hyorc-gen , thereby causing the carbon to be more in tlie cirrent of the air than the hydrogen . So soon as tho carbon leaves , the hydrogen will lodge in tae old breaks of the superincumbent strata . The ventilation might be better if the doors and stopping ? in the pit were in . a proper working state . I think the pit would have a sufficient quantity of fresh air for fair working—the quantity of air passing in the intake level being about 6 , 000 feet per infinite . The current of air in a pit is always stronger near the ground . I cannot say that the explosion was causeJl by any neglect . I consider it las occurred from accidental circumstances . Icould tot blame any one .

      TiiGMPsox , the underground steward , was unable , m consequence of Jthe injuries he had received , to attend to give evidence to-day . ilr . Thomas Doss Jeffcock , of Sheffield , colliery ajeiii . —I was through the whole of the workings of tae R-u-icy Main Colliery , on the 10 th ultimo , along v "h Mr . C . Locke , taking the half-yearl y admeasurement , and was in every place where the men fere at work . We descended about eleven o ' clock ia the forenoon , and came out about five in the afternoon . We went through the whole of our survey with naked candles . The ventilation was wen perfectly satisfactory , and the pit in a safe forking state . lam practically acquainted with ooJic-nes . Assuming that the air-gates and stopping * were m perfect order , my opinion inclines to Wft belief that the continuous gales of wind may have impeded or baffled the ventilation , and adm itted some of the foul air to accumulate in the

      breakings , and it may be that , on some of the men ^ uo were working with their naked candles going ^ we , it ignited , tne effect of which would be the a , ffui explosion which has taken place . Many ofthe ^ ea would be killed by the explosion , and others jf Md be suffocated by the after-damp . I have not rained the mine since the accident . There were ^ hc board-gates to all the deep workings , and ^ J ^ y state that Thompson , the under-ground jV f T ' came ' with a very good character , being ralf ^ nued as quite ] competent to take the ma-..- j « aen t of the ventilation , and to look after the ^ F worki ng ,. a Hahmoxd , of Logwood , WorsbroughDale , vraltrf . "" Ployed at Darley Main Colliery , said-I Po » d ^ 7 2 hithe pit , at the bottom of the dipfelaee = ^?' on Wednesday , when the explosion took K ^ iti'l ,, pson , the under-ground steward , went R ^ aih ™ onnng into all the workings to see Wh - Wo ? Ilgllt ' ka * not done ttat * or somc R ^ Nu-Va- ' ^ ** k" * supply the place of the " * ; John Elsftne , Thompson , had regu-

      Appalling Colliery Explosion At Barnsley...

      larly sent George Addy to do it for him up to this morning . I have gone regularly to my work When I got to my place to work that ( Wednesday ) morning there was a shovel put in the hurry road The shovel being put there was a si gn for US to kcon our candles low . It was the duty of Thompson to put the shovel there as a caution to us . The sul phur had been lodging ia some ofthe old breaks for some time . We had nothing to do there , but some men were employed to take some posts down Thompson knew as wdl „ the men that the sulphur had collected m the old breaks , and in til ?! holes The sulphur stopped the men working in those places , as there was not a sufficient current nf air to clear them . What air there his teen C not had a regular course , because thev h *« ™? ? £ lorlg gptit fieorge Addv tn dn ifc fni « liim « t » *^ xi ..-.

      ZiL vl many phces "d I ** M manv hobs fSweVe ° S ° T L ^ W ^ tLfthe £ L r ° . l considered him a competent ZltJZ T *^ ? W bee * rounToS that mormng to examine the workings and wis in StW JB thmk ecouldnot haTe apprehended fm tS ^ i ? ™ l ^ f ^ TOwa do you blame gLL f 5 J ° T l " " bofch Thompson and w £ + A dy ' ™ ground managers , for al-X ^ i - ^ work m lac ^ hieh were not fit ; L ^ ?• j Thejr Trere P » P ower to see that tne mea did not work b places which were not fit . —IJon t you think that the fact of their both going in those places themselves shows that they thought they were fit for the men to work in ? Yesbut it

      , had got so bad that it could not be fit for us to work , Some ofthe men would have spoken about it , but they were afraid of losing their work . —Why did you not stop out of the pit if it was in this state ? Well , Fve heard the men talk about it . —I cannot take as evidence anything that you have heard . Did you ever apprehend any danger ? I did . —It does appear to me very odd that if you thought there was danger to be apprehended you should still go to work in the pit . —A Juryman : I believe the colliers many times go to their work in dread . —Coroner : But they are not bound to go into the pits if they are not safe . What do you think was the cause of the explosion ? Witness : It has been done through taking away all the coal before

      them , and throwing it all dead behind , so that the wind could not get down behind them . —Do you mean to say that the late hi gh winds have not had to do with the accident ? It may have had something to do with it , but it has been through sulphur lying in the works . —What has made it lay there ? Because no current of air could get to it to carry it away . —Do you think that if you had apprehended danger you would have gone to your work as you did ? The men have thought it over and talked of it . —You must not tell me what the men have said . I don't understand as much as the others , but I ' ve heard the men talk of it . —What don't you understand ? Why , what has been wrong in the pit . — Was there no air in the workings ? So . it was cut

      off ; the wind could not get where thev had taken the coal out . —Was there no regular current of air ? No . If they had gone on getting the coal in the regular straight course then the place would have been left clear . —I cannot comprehend what this witness says . Will any of the jury ask him any questions ?—A Juryman : What he means is , that the coal having been got irregularl y , holes were left , in which the gas accumulated in the old workings , and the current of air not reaching it did not carry it off . —Coroner ( to the witness ) : So you think that Thompson putting the shovel in the hurry-way was ri ght ? Yes , that was meant as a caution for me to work with my candle low , and that there would have been danger in nutting the

      candle high . —What do you blame Thompson for that you dare not speak about ? He has been told about this sulphur . The men dare not come out for fear of being turned off their work . —Can you bring any evidence that you complained to him ? There are some men here that heard some of them that is killed say the same as I have . —Do you think it has been an accident , or that anybody could have prevented it ? I don't exactly know about that . — Who do you think is to blame with regard to the explosion ? I have no one to blame in regard to it . —Have you' had any relations killed by the fvmlnsifm 1 Vnc * lii « nn KvMkaKD Tx a « nTncl -. „¦»» \

      w- » , r . ww . uu . - J . V . O , » u , V U . VUIUS . XU OCVU 13 \ Ct J odd to me that you should first say one thing aud then another . Might not the explosion have happened if there had been the greatest care , and without anybody being , to blame ? Yes , it might . —Do you think it had been wilfully or negligently done ? Xo . —Do you say it has been an accident ? Yes . ComrsER ( to the Jury ) . —There may , and always will be , in the workings ot pits like these , some accumulations of gas , and men cannot always be brought to attend to it . I lately met with a case where a man , who had been cautioned , held up his candle to see where it was , [ and the gas exploded , and killed him and several others .

      The witness , in answer to a juryman , said that the men were getting pillars out ofthe old workings with naked candles when the explosion took place . The Cohoser then read a letter which he had received from Sir George Grey , the Borne Secretary , in answer to a communication from the magistrates at Barnsley , in which Sir G . Grey stated that if it was their opinion that the presence of some person on the part of the government to watch the proceedings was necessary , the government would send one . The coroner remarked that the question was brought by him before the jury at their last meeting , and they then expressed a wish that it should remain until to-day , when they would decide about it . In case they should wish such an application to

      be made , he had prepared a letter to forward . He understood Sir H . de la Beche and Mr . Smyth , who were sent down by the government to enquire respecting the explosion at the Oakes Colliery in 1847 , inspected the pit , but did not make any report to the jury to aid them in the inquiry . Alter some conversation between the coroner and the jury , the conclusion was that the coroner should apply to the government to send down an inspector . Geokge Addt , fireman at the Darley Main pit , said—I do not know the cause of the explosion . I have every morning gone down the pit to inspect the works , except on Wednesday , when I was prevented by illness . I was down on Tuesday , the day before the accident , and found all the works safe and

      workable . There was plenty of air then , and the men complained of their often being such a current as to cause their candles to gutter . The men worked with naked candles . I have tried the workings many times , but I never found sulphur in any of the working breaks . I seldom missed a day trying them , fhe men went to work on Tuesday morning , and began to work , but in consequenco of the rough weather the banksman could not stand at the top , and the men were called out . Jobs Harper , collier—I was working down the dip board on Wednesday , when the explosion took place . I was not hurt . 3 Tone of the men are to blame for the explosion . My hole was clear when I went to work about six o ' clock . I tried my hole before I stripped . After I had been in my hole , I

      went down to the bottom of the dip-board , and on looking there I found there was a little sul phur at the top ofthe candle . I went into the hole above , but there was none in that hole . There was a little sulphur in the break , I did not go into the break , as it was not my duty to go there . I was working when the explosion took place . We were all working when the explosion took place . We were all working with naked candles . We considered it safe where we were . I think it fired at the dip-board , at the back of where I was working , about thirty yards off . I think it was an accident . Ifo man set it on fire purposely . Notwithstanding I have lost a son , I cannot say , to speak the truth , that any one was to blame . At the request of Mr . John Jeffcock , one of the owners of the pit ,

      WiLUAM SiMLET / banksman , was called to explain why the men were unable to work on Tuesday . It was in consequence of the very high wind which prevailed , and not from any anticipated danger in the pit . Is ' one of the men complained of any danger . About half-past five o ' clock the inquest was adjourned to Thursday . During the afternoon the greater part of tho unfortunate sufferers were interred . Five large graves were made in the churchyard at Worsbrough .

      Larly Sent George Addy To Do It For Him ...

      Tihn ^ iw " v 1 S 40 . • - - THE KVQUTH ^ R ^ SfrA : R ; f r SS ^ SS ^^^ xi i ¦ ' - ^ - ~ - ¦ — - ¦ — ,, 7

      Goon Advice.—So Long As Thou Art Ignoran...

      Goon Advice . —So long as thou art ignorant never be ashamed to learn ; he that is so fondly modest not to acknowledge his own defects of knowledge , shall in time be so fondly imputed as to justify his own ignorance . Ignorance is the greatest of all infirmities , and justified , the greatest of all follies . — Quarles . . Ditto . —If two omnibuses are racing , never hail the first , unless you have a particular fancy to be run oyer by the second . Ambition . —The desires of an ambitious man increase with his fortunes ; all that is more elevated than he makes him appear little in his own eyes . — Maintenon .

      Scabciix of Youxo Cei-ebbIx-ies . —It is rather curious at first , to one unfamiliar with the artistic world , to see how little youth is to be met with amongst the celebrities . Our young poets are middle-aged men ; our rising authors are bald ; our distinguished painters are passing into the " sere and yellow leaf ; cur rery " young Englandera" are gettbg grey and pursy . The truth is , life is short , and art is long ; and although a privileged man does sometimes in the ardour of youth reach the summit of reputation at a bound , either from the prodigal

      richness of his geuius , or from having the favour oi the movement , yet , as a general rule , celebrity is slowly gained , and not without many years of toilsome effort . Reform is the Dockyards . —On Saturday last appeared a circular to the Superintendents of her Majesty ' s Dockyards at home , signed by Mr . H . G . Ward , Secretary to the Admiralty , and dated , " Adiniralty , 25 th January , 1849 , " transmitting to the Superintendents twenty-six minutes by the Board of Adiniralty ; which , taken together . set forth a plan for reducing the expenditure and increasing the efficiency Qf the Dw & yard estabtoameats ,

      Nm^ Sl^T^ 8 W Honour Of The ?1oti ° P Th...

      Nm ^ Sl ^ t ^ HONOUR OF THE ? 1 otI ° P THE DIM 0 RT ^ THOMAS Sc £ nTi § rfe -v T !? Jl 1 ^ last ' thc EfcWT and andIfifW J Dsntutl <> n . John-street , two hundred Hffi P T ? ° ? * artook of aa excellent tea served up oy Mr . Davis . M , ff * *? tho puhlic were admitted at the usual 7 u 8 n the 8 P acious haI 1 and g ^ lery became uensely crowded , not even standing room being available . There could not have been less than 150 $ persons present . Mr . Hesry Hetherixotox took the chair amidst much applause and said : It was gratifying to see their call responded to by such a very numerous meeting , and was a very good proof ofthe growing intelligence of the age . What man ever enunciated such forcible argumentative principles as those put forth by Thomas Paine in his " First principles of Government ? " He defied any man to read this and than say that men were not entitled to their political w * . — ^ —

      rights . ( Hear , hear . ] Paine , even in his tune , did not stop at political rights , but wrote his "Agrarian Justice , " setting forth the great principle , that every couple should have a start mlife ; he advocated this , because , as he said , the people had been robbed of their rights by " a wax-work nobility . " He rejoiced in such meetings as these , they combined instruction and amusement , and elated us with hope for the future . Modern reformers . had embodied social > ith political rights , and it was a fact that the land of this country would , if properly cultivated , support th » population ofthe world . Talk not to him of overproduction whilst so many mouths wanted filling , and so many backs wanted clothing . ( Loud cheers . )

      In conclusion , he must again express his pleasure in seeing so many present , doubtless with a view of assisting in getting rights for the whole people . ( Great applause . ) Mr . E . J . Holtoake gave " The People—may they have the courage to attempt all which ought to be attempted , and the calculation which forecasts for victory / ' He said , he thought so well of the people that he would place any power in their hands , with the certainty that they would use it generously , and he would rather place power in the hands of the whole people than in the hands of any section ; but he should do so at the same time , with the

      understanding that great things were expected from them . He would like to see a little more spirit shown by the people—not merely shouting for victory , but attempting to obtain it . Whatever the people wished should bo gained by the people ; surely it was not right for them to be for more than half a century , merely shouting for those things which Paine taught them so wisely and so well . ( Cheers . ) In signing the Deed of Independence , Hancock said to Franklin : " flow , we must all hang together . " " Yes , " replied Franklin , " if we do not , we most assuredly shall hang separately . " ( Loud Cheers . ) Now , thia was the "forecast for victory . "

      Mr . A . Campbei , ! , said they met to assert the rights of all , although he would not obstruct any that went for sectional liberty or rights , provided it was a step in the right direction . Speaking perhaps prophetically , he said : Should Cobden succeed in striking off ten millions of taxes , it would not benefit the working-men , as want of employm . nt was the great disease of the country , aud their great effort should be made to elevate physically , morally , politically , and socially , the condition of the people . ( Cheers . ) Miss Dteb , a young lady , said : It is not possible for man to be free whilst woman is a slave . ( Loud cheers . ) While celebrating so iovouslv the

      birthday of Thomas Paine , let us not forget another great man who , with the " Ri ghts of Man" in one hand , and the " Age of Reason" in the other , went forth conquering and to conquer , and established free discussion—she meant Richard Carlile . ( Loud cheers . ) They did not meet in the spirit of man-worship , but nevertheless she should like to see their great men ' s birthdays celebrated as their noble deeds deserved , and when she saw the people doing this , she should believe it to be a truthful indication of the " Good time coming . In conclusion , she would give them , as a sentiment : Woman—and may she continue to detect errors . " On resuming her seat Miss Dyer was greeted with applause . Mr . Robert Bucuaxah , in giving " The

      Democratic and Social Press , " said , this was the means by which all measures of progression must be obtained . Li ancient days they had but two classesmasters and slaves ; but more recently a middle class had sprung up , whose interest it appeared to be to get all the wealth produced by the Proletarians into their hands , so that they might distribute it to their own profit and advantage ; and all recent moves had been undertaken to elevate this class , but the future was for the Proletarians . ( Loud cheers . ) By the means ofthe printing pressby the aid of tracts and newspapers—had the middle classes worked out successfully their object ; first raising a commissariat , then distributing tons of

      tracts , and establishing a newspaper m every county ; whilst , unfortunately , the Chartists had warred amongst themselves , and destroyed their bright prospects by internal divisions . He said this in sorrow as he agreed with the principles of Chartism to the full —( cheers)—and whilst he spoke this ofthe Chartists , he must not forget the Socialists , for they too had been like the Kilkenny cats , pulling each other to pieces . We must ( said the speaker , ) be more careful for the future , and above all look to our newspaper press . In this respect we are worse off than continental nations . In France the Democrats had an organ ( thc Republique ) , circulating forty-five thousand copies daily . He knew that

      the penny stamp and the duty on paper stood in the way here , and he regretted these things did not occupy a more prominent position in Mr . Cobden ' s budget ; but even under present circumstances he thought the people mi ght do much better if they would stand up like men and demand papers which advocated their political and social rightsdemand them in coffee nouses , and in the libraries which they frequented ; if they did this in a businesslike manner , they might have a daily paper circulating ton or twelve thousand copies . ( Hear , hear . ) The Ciunam said : Mr . Buchanan had left out one most important point—that was , to tell them that there was one paper that advocated social

      rights , ( many voices from the body of the hall and gallery— " two " do not forget the Northern Star;)—yes , he was about to add the Northern Star to the ' Spirit of the Age , as a people ' s paper ; but he looked upon the Star as being more of a political paper , although he was proud to see their friend Robert Owen s letters in its pages —( loud cheers)—and he thought it the imperative duty ofthe people to support those two papers . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Walter Cooper said—We have met to-night to do honour to the memory of Thomas Paine , a man whom our fathers burnt in effigy—a man whose principles had been declared only worthy of the scum of thc earth—a name used as a scarecrow

      to frighten children . ( Laughter and applause . ) We revere Paine ' s memory because he was the advocate of truth and justice , and all men who stood up in favour of those princip les must expect persecution . Yes , if you would wear a crown you must bear the cross . ( Cheers . ) The sentiment he had to propose was— "Paine and Democracy . " ( Loud cheers . ) The famous speech of George III . had called forth the much more famous and forcible reply of Thomas Paine , called " Common Sense , " which raised up'the War of Independence , that ended in the establishment of a glorious Republic . The Americans had talked of ovef-taxation . Paine at once said that " Taxation without representation

      was tyranny , and ought to be resisted , and asked if it would not be much more sensible to govern themselves than to look for representation in a little island some three thousand miles away . Paine ' s pen had done more than the sword of Washington in effecting American independence . ( Cheers . ) After the battle of Brandywme , thc American army became dispirited . Paine immediately wrote the inspiring sentiment— " These are the times to try men ' s souls . " The effect was electrical . Their drooping spirit was revived—they regained their wonted energy—renewed the battle , and their efforts were crowned with success . He ( Mr . W . Cooper ) had great faith in the prophecy that the time was when truth would be able and

      combo- " as palat profitable as that of falsehood was now . " True , error lives gaudily and luxuriantly , but shortly ; whilst truth , dressed m the garb of pure simplicity , and fanned by noble hearts , would live forever . 3 fr . Cooper resumed his seat amidst great applause . Mr . Llotd Jones said , we meet to rescue the memory of Pabe from the slanders heaped upon it . A man who had recentlv published a work on democracy was said to have received a large sum for the eopvrig ht' ; but Paine refused largesses for his copyright , in order that the people mig ht have thc lull advantage of what his powerful pen had written for them , and those works went forth , like p illars of light , pointing the way to freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) What should we be without America to point to ? Here was a great nation without nobles and without

      paupers . The people existed oeiore eitner mnga , priests , or aristocrats ; and kings , priests , and nobles mi"htbe driven out of a country , but the people never could . Tpants always natter . Thus , the Provisional Government oi France was ™™ Wf * men ofthe first water , during the fintmonfli ^ ofthe Republic , but , when their moderation had caused their failure , they became ruffians , and Cavaignac became a redeeming ana * . . Then was Louis Na-^ feS ^ rm ^ sskmt ^ cordialirrer pondedto fe sentiment , " Pameand ^ S UiS te g ive " the last sentiment , as follows : " Robespierre , and the other martyrs to S jfr ff O'Bbien rose to respond . He said , he u a J « Uhat there were many who never heard Ttl Tame of Maximilian Robespierre , except ° ftwSverythbg odiousand horriblc . Whenhe °° ft 2 * 2 S m SI and asked the booksellers W ^ VnSout Bohcsp erre , he waslooked on as « n

      Nm^ Sl^T^ 8 W Honour Of The ?1oti ° P Th...

      [ that in England , France , and Germany , upwards of torty works had appeared , all tending to rescue the memory of this . great mind from odium and calumny , and scarcely a large meeting was held at which the memory of Maximilian Robespierre was not toasted . ( Loud cheers . ) Robespierre was an advocate for the unrestricted liberty ofthe Press-for a national ! ffiRatio n , so that , from earliest youth , ail might be framed equals—a portion of that system ot education was the science of practical agrioulture He was opposed to state churches—and would have no paid priests , whilst he gave unrestrained liberty of conscience to all . He held that a nation requiring a standing army , must be a nation of slaves—Robespierre said : "Let every man be a soldier , and when his military duties aro over let him fall back into the rank of the citizen "—and he held that the soldier who raised his arm agamst a citizen , should be deemed an assassb . Such was

      Robespierre—his constitution was a perfectly democratic ono , embracing all the points ofthe People ' s Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) Robespierre was called by his enemies " the incorruptible . " Sapokon Bonaparte had said of him , when at St . Helena , " that not all the money in Europe would have caused him to betray tho Republic . " ( Cheers . ) Robespierre was murdered , because he said that more political reforms were useless , except the people were taught to use them as a means to effect their social rights . Robespierre said wc found the people saw culotte ; lot it . bo said , we left them euiotte—that is , we found . them clotheslcss , let us leave them well elothed ; wc find thom ignorant , let us give them intelligence—in fine , to substitute the greatness of man for the littleness of thc great . ( Loud cheers . ) The delivery of one or two speeches was followed by the " Marseillaise , " which concluded tho proeeedmgs of tho evening .

      NOTTINGHAM On Monday evemng last , a very numerous' party of the admirers of the above embent political writer , gave a public supper b the large room at the Seven Stars Inn , which was most tastefully fitted up for the occasion . After ample justice had been done to the good things of this life , Mr . James Sweet was called upon to preside , and Mr . Cartwright occupied the vice-chair . The chairman opened the busbess of the evening b his usual earnest manner , congratulatbg the company , that so many had met upon this occasion to do honour to the never-dying , principles advocated by that great man , whose memory they ' had met to perpetuate , and submitted the following proposition , which was

      spoken , to by Mr . Thomas Roper , an old veteran Reformer , of nearly fourscore years of age . Me was followed by Mr . Christie , in support of the same : " The memory of the immortal patriot , Thomas Pah«!—may reason and common sense guide his disciples b their warfare with the enemies ofthe Itights of Man . " Drank in solemn silence , upstanding , uncovered . —Proposed by Mr . Cartwright b a tellbg speech , and seconded by Mr . Dowse : "The sovereignty of the people . " — The chairman then called upon them to respond to the following proposition : " The health of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . for Nottingham , and founder of the National Land Company : may he live to see his humane and philanthropic principles

      triumphantly carried into practice , and the working classes b tho fall enjoyment of their political and social rights . " The chairman said , iu submittbg the above proposition , hc need not rcmbd the present company of the many great and good services Mr . O'Connor had rendered to thc labouring classes of the United Kingdom , and he was happy to observe that the prejudices ofthe middle and the upper classes were fast givbg way as regarded that gentleman ; and he felt certain that the more those classes mixed in society with him , the sooner they would be convmccd of the necessity of doing full and ample justice to the hitherto outlawed an'd down-trodden sons of labour . Responded to with all the honours , thc whole company joining in , singing

      " The Lion of Freedom . "— Tho next proposition : " The Rights of Labour , " was spoken to by Messrs . Whitley and Wall . —Mr . Radford proposed , and Mr . Smith seconded : "The advocates of the People ' s Charter b thc House of Commons , and may their numbers be speedily augmented . " — The sixth proposition was moved by Messrs . Roper and Bostock , in neat speeches : " The memory of John Home Tooke , Thomas' Spence , Henry Hunt , William Cobbett , Major Cartwright , and the illustrious dead , of every age and nation , who by their voice or their pen , have demanded for every man of due age , and sound mbd , the rights of citizenship ; may their spirits animate theb successors , until tho workbg millions are free . " Drank in silence . —The seventh

      proposition , was moved in a lengthy speech ( which elicited applause ) by Mr . Bamford , seconded by Mr . Wardley : " The health of our esteemed friend and Parliamentary leader , Thomas Slbgsby Buncombe , Esq ., may he be enabled to take his place b the British Parliament at the opening of the ensuing session , and teach the people ' s oppressors that unless freedom of person and speech is guaranteed to them , that they may expose the wrongs under which they ; labour , and chum the rights to which they are justly entitled , there cannot be either peace or prosperity for our country . Rounds of applause followed this proposition . —The chairman then stated , that it was desirable a collection should bo made for Dr . M'Douall ' s writ of error

      case . He hoped every ono present would remember the men who were suffering imprisonment , and expatriation from their country for advocatbg their cause , let no man plead excuse , let them throw away the filthy pipe , or use it less , and give their mites to support the wives and families of their brethren , and thus show their gratitude , and cheer the gloom of their suffering friends . A collection was then made , and promises of further support given . Thanks bebg given to tho committee , the chairman , and vice-chairman , the company separated , highly gratified with the evenuig ' s entertainment .

      IPSWICH . At the meeting ofthe Utilitarian Society on Sunday last , at the nousc of Mr . J . Cook , Upper Orwell-street , Mr . Spilling delivered an able address on the Life and Writings of Thomas Pabe , when tho followbg resolution was adopted : — " That thc members of the Ipswich Utilitarian Society desire upon this , the eve of the anniversary of the birth-day of Thomas Pabe , to express their admiration of his genius and character , as having been the first in modern times to ignite the

      torch of freedom and raise the standard of political truth . " After which , Mr . Spilling delivered an excellent lecture upon tho first book of Thomas Cooper ' s " Purgatory of Suicides , " being the first of a course to be delivered every alternate Sunday evening till the conclusion of tho work , one book beb g taken for each lecture . The lecture gave general satisfaction , and was received with much applause . The meeting terminated with the formation of a lecture fund for tho purpose of securing the services of some-popular gentleman to lecture b Ipswich .

      OLDBURY . The birthday of Thomas Paine was celebrated on the 29 th ult ., by an excellent supper , after which the usual patriotic toasts were given and responded to , and the meeting dispersed . MERTHYR-TYDVIL . The birthday of Thomas Pabe was celebrated by a supper in the Land Company ' s room on Sunday last , and after the usual patriotic toasts had been given and responded to , the meeting separated .

      Destructive Fires. Hircninanonsnire.—A V...

      DESTRUCTIVE FIRES . HircniNanoNsniRE . —A Village Destroyed nr Eire . —On Thursday evening week a fire broke out in thc picturesque village or Greencnd , near Sawtry , which destroyed nearly forty houses , nearly one-half of the place . About half-past seven o ' clock , flames were observed issuing from the premises in the occupation of Mr . Planders , and were supposed to have origbated by a sp & vk faUb g from the chimney on thc thatched roof . A furious storm existing at the time sc & ttevcd the flames to the houses adjacent , which , on account of bebg thatched , ignited rapidly , and b an incredibly short space of time , no fewer than twelve houses were b a blaze . Thc bulk

      of them being tenanted by poor farming labourers , it was distressing to witness the poor people rushbg about in a-state of almost distraction ; most of them , the flames extendbg with such velocity from house to house , were unable to save any portion of their furniture or property . Two cngmes were brought into play , but were of no avail against the strong wbd . The conflagration was not checked till nearly twelve o ' clock at ni g ht . Every exertion was made by the rector and principal inhabitants to provide temporary shelter foi * tho unfortunate people who had been burnt out of their houses . A subscription has been set on foot for them . The actual amount of property destroyed is not known .

      A Fibk , supposed to havo been caused by an incendiary , occurred at Huntingdon on Thursday week , by which the premises of Mr . Jenkins , ofthe George Hotel , were very seriously damaged . Loxpox . —Fire in East SJirrnFiELD . —On Monday night , about seven o ' clock , considerable alarm trevailed amo » g the inhabitants of Rosemary-lane , East Smithfield , b cousequence * of a fire having been discovered on the premises of Messrs . Ti £ marsh and Brown , dealers m earthenware , which ,

      but for the prompt arrival of the engines , would have involved a vast amount of property , as the premises adjoined her Majesty s Mint , and on either side were rows of houses which were entirely built of wood , that have been erected many years . The fire was first observed in one of the crates , which was filled with straw , and spread rapidly * but was speedily - checked , much to the satisfaction of a large number of persons of the Jewishpersuasion , who had , b an adjoining buildbg called " The London Bazaar , " or " The Exchange , " a large- amount lof wearbg apparel locked up b boxes , which would have been bevitabiy destroyed ,

      Employment Of The Poor* Tbe Employment O...

      EMPLOYMENT OF THE POOR * Tbe employment ot the unemployed labourers increases in importance every day . Nor is this fact to be regretted if considered by itself . I heartily regret the circumstances that force such discussions on the consideration of all classes , but the evil and difficulty once perceived and admitted , its general discussion seems to me to be the only safely of the State . Social theories aud social evils must be probed to the bottom . England has hitherto been governed by politics

      and faction . Government itself has been a diversified and crude machine , used for weighing the balance between interested power in office and in . terested power out of office—the people have been used for State purposes , that is , for the purposes of ministers in office , and would-be ministers out of office . The game of' ins and outs' has been played skilfully , but the players , when serving what they blindly supposed to be their own interests , seem for the time to have forgotten that the day of reckoning would come .

      The people have no interest in the wordy war of party . The ' ins and outs' are both of a trade ; debating , law making , and place hunting , are their profession and practice . They find employment for reporters , editors and pamphleteers , and in their domestic relations , they support coachmen , footmen , livery servants and all the train of weless and glittering sycophancy . But the people , tha vulgar , coarse , unintelleetual people—the common herd , the mob—are onlytobe thought of , to b 3 used when occasion serves . Never dtt Roman patrician look with more icorn on the plebeian serfs of the Eternal City , than have our lawmakers looked on the

      people of this same England . A benevolent lord or two may have made a stalking-horse of a few cases of extreme destitution ; he may have , b a degree , aggregated the misery and forced the subject on the attentionof a few of his class , ending with a bene , volent speech—a soup kitchen or a fever hospital . The people were ignorant and could not understand legislation . ' thwr lot was to work not to think . The constitution and infallibility of government could not be doubted . The Attorney-General was read y with the law , and the turnkey and transport-shi p were at hand . With war abroad and peace at home , who could fear for England—the glory and pride of the world ? 8

      Oh , most potent senators ! you have beta TOUKd from your slumbers—your dreamy vision has fledthanks to the three days of February in France and our English Tenth of April . Your Duke by the grace of God , had an aquatic excursion on the Thames ; all was ready ; the bridges in a state of military defence , and the Mammon Temple in Tbreadneedlestreet protected by cannon and sand bags . A very sandy defence , good lords and gentlemen . The cobwebs have been brushed from the corners of your windows , your green spectacles have been laid aside—and now you see something must be done ; you do not know what , but you say , it is shameful that thieves should have organised unions , that

      Christian men and women should sleep under trees , or in recesses in the streets , or on the pavementsgood innocent souls , you have just made the discovery , and I am pleased that you are thus wise . The people knew it & U years ago , neceaity compelled them to know and feel—when you stuffed your ; ears against * popular clamour , ' as you phiase it , and closed your carriage windows to shut out the misery . The people have not only known the miseries they had to endure , but when youhave been playing the game of party , they have been studying pauperism and its remedies ; you began to think of it yesterday , they have been thinking ol it for years ; they have their political mentors , who teach

      lessons that are listened to with earnestness , drunk in with greedy appetite . The viands served at the table may not have been dainty or rich , but the appetite has been keen , and the food occasionally wholesome . There has grown up at your feet , and around you , an intelligence ef which you knew nothing , and now know but little of . You have been busied with the forms of government , the breaking up and reconstruction of political parties . The people have been studying the principles of civilisation and the theories of progress * This teaching among the workmen will go on—you are behind in the journey , and may one day discover that you are' too late . '

      The meeting recently held in Westminster , con . vened . by Mr Charles Cochrane , is a case in point . At that meeting we had M . P . ' a , clergymen ot the Church of England , benevolent Lords , expressing their sympathy by letters , literary men , and work , men . * Employment for the Poor , ' attracted the attention of all . The rate-payer said : ' I must be present at this meeting , my pocket is a consideration . ' The labourer said : * I must be present , my stomach is a consideration . ' The parson said , : ' Mr , Cochrane has invited me to attend , the object is a benevolent one , I must attend . It is not a nasty , seditious , midnight gathering of Chartists , but a respectable mid-day meeting ; Lord Ashley is

      expected . ' 1 was present also , and listened to all the speeches . The speakers admitted the distress . Mr . C . Lushington , although the mover of the first resolution to the effect : — « That soup kitchens and charity were indispensable , & c ., ' assured bis hearers that no casual charity or day-by . day relief could save the nation from ruin . He was for large extensive measures . A reduction of taxation was the sure and permanent remedy , the only sure means of relief for the people . Good , Mr Lushiugton : pull down salaries and revise pensions , do it quickly and well ; Mr Cobden , who has outlined a popular agitation with the same precision and calculation

      that he would plan a warehouse for calicoes , or a factory for cotton spinning , will ba glad of your aid ; your constituency , too , will be pleased with your exertion . The butchers and bakers of Westminster are all for reducing the expenditure . Your adhesion to the Financial Reform Movement will sustain your popularity , and balance well against the liberal pretensions of your late rival , Mr . Cochrane . But what will your scheme of Financial Reform do towards employing the people ? Does light taxation in all cases ensure remunerative and permanent employment for labourers ? Let us look around us and see what the most surface observer

      may know . Out of £ 52 , 000 , 000 levied in the United Kingdom , scarcely 454 , 500 , 000 is raised in Ireland—Ireland is exempt from taxes on bricks , hops , horses , carriages , & c . ; taxes on the same articles in England , amounting to 3213 , 000 , 000 annually . The State taxation levied in England , ia about fifty shillings a head ; local taxation , fifteen shillings . In Scotland , State taxation ; forty shillings , local taxation , eight shillings . In Ireland , State taxation , ten shillings ; local taxation-, five shillings . I am not the eulogist of England , but we can , in point of comfort and independence , bear a comparison with the sister isle . Ireland , the most lightly

      taxed of the three kingdoms , sends us , every year , a flood of pauperism , inundating our land with something more to be feared than an eastern epidemic . Irish labourers , Irish farmers , Irish landlords , and Irish shopkeepers , all lightly taxed , are all in distress . Does the financial reformer reply that my view of the question is a narrow one , and does not embrace the subject of taxation in all its relations ? I answer that I hav < s started a proposition in your mind for debate , aud the fact is undeniable and indisputable—that in Ireland we have light taxation , and the masses of the labourers starving , d ying by the road side , or perishing in our colonies ; and the inference I contend for is this : that a

      reduction of taxation is no security for national prosperity . Mr . Lusbington ' s remedy , viewed by itself and applied to society , as it now exists , is no remedy whatever for unwilling idleness ; and that the scheme of Mr . Cobden , and they who support him , will , when successfully carried out , prove as abortive for national purposes , ' as the Reform Bill , the new Poor Law , or any of the other clap-trap ministerial or anti-ministerial projects , that have agitated the public mind for years . Next comes Mr . Cochrane , the prime mover in the convening ef this meeting . He declared that the object ofthe meeting was not to propound ' national remedies for national distresses , but merely temporary expedients . ' This ia

      all very well ; but I beg of Mr . Cochrane not to head his bills with'Employment for the Poor , 'if temporary expedients be bis object . The public read the words quoted in their true sense ; and if he desires to call public attention to the necessity of supporting scavengers and crossing-sweepers , say so at once , and the people will understand him aright . Mr . Cochrane is an amateur specimen of the soupkitchen school of statesmen . Well , let him enjoy his hobbyv Po ° r fellow » he does uttle good , little ill to anybody . The bill-stickers say he does good to trade ; and were it not that he forces himself on our attention , now and again , by a l « ng parade of posters and street boards , his personal standing , as a statesman , would never cost us a drop of

      cobbler ' s ink . Mr . Armstrong Walton , workman , moved the followbg resolution »— « That this meeting is of opinion , that the unparalleled amount of distress among the mechanics and artisans arises chjejy

      Employment Of The Poor* Tbe Employment O...

      from want of employment ; and that Great Britain and Ireland contain a superabundance of land , labour , skill , and capital , to profitably employ , and comfortably suppert , double the amount of the present population . This meeting , therefore , recommends to the people the propriety of pressing on the government the necessity of introducing into Parliament a bill sanctioning the establishment of home colonies , as the best means of securing profitable employment for the numerous but unwillingl y ua » employed portion of our population . '

      I Tbe resolution above was rapturously received b y the body of the meeting . It was clear and unmiv tgkeable , and approached the question , announced for deliberation , fully . It showed that its mover and supporters had been thinking , when the foil ticiaks had been fighting the battle of party , « dosing out dtbates on the easy cushions of St . Stephen's . There can be no mistake about the practical bearing of Mr . Walton ' s resolution . Let the proposition be carried into effect , and we know its results . The success of home colonisation does not rest on foreign exchanges , foreign wars , Bank Charters , » r cotton crops . Every man living , who either owns or kai seen a cabbage garden , knows tbe principle involved , and the results that follow . It is simply labour and land as the means , bread and

      plenty as the result . Bringing public opinion to bear on the government for such a purpose is art honourable ambition , and augurs that government , for the future , must be something more than speechmaking and gaol building . This question of employment for the unemployed grows , arid will continue to grow in importance every day . The people throughout England must be prepared for the discussion , and be ever ready to retain the lead . Compared with it , schemes of financial reform , soupkitchens , baths , & c , are insignificant ; for , on the employment of the people , rests the peace of tbe citizen , and future security of this and aU other nations , and iu all public discussions the opinions ol the workmen must bs deliberately , but fully , represented . A Leaf srom thb Annals ov a Shoemakers ' Garret .

      The New York "Nation." Wo Have Received ...

      THE NEW YORK "NATION . " Wo have received two or throe copies of the New York Nation , edited and published by Thomas Darey M'Gse , formerly one of the editors ofthe suppressed Dublin Nation . Thc new Nation , in its general appearance and contents , is similar to its celebrated predecessor . We subjoin somo specimens of tho spirit ofthe transatlantic iValton , from the enlarged and improved number dated January 0 th , 181 !) . There is some sensible stuff b the following article : — " Prihsts ixn People . —( Ireland is 1849 . )—The Irish Catholic Clergy , stirred by some sense of remorse , are at last making a demonstration against the legal form of assassination , called ' trial by jury' in Ireland . _ With something like their former spirit and unanimity , they ask a fair trial for Charles Gavax Durrr and , if they only spoke a

      little louder , the Whigs would not dare refuse them , " Wo will tell the Irish Clergy plainly that , for their own sakes , they arc bound to go oil with this movement , and to make it general and radical , instead of temporary and passive . Many Irishmen , both hero and at home , lay tho blame of Ireland ' s condition at their doors—many believe that the present generation of Irish Priests have systematically squeezed thc spirit of resistance out of tha hearts of the people—many behove tha . fc they stood neutral while the usurpation were iniquitously destroying the lay leaders , becauso thoy wore jealous of that class—many believe that the usurpation would never have starved the people or made away with their leaders , but that they counted on the influence of the clergy and the consequent submission of their flocks .

      '_ ' Now—we speak plainly—thc interests of Heligion as well as of Ireland , and the special interests of their own order , demand that the Catholic Clergy shall shift their position to safer ground . They have got the people at last , all to themselves ; no journal better than an echo exists ; no fiery Confederate orator makes the welkb echo with warlike words—it is now once moro the Priests and tho People or national extinction . The very existence of thc clerical order b Ireland is at stake , for , without flocks , what are Priests ? They may build stone chapels instead of mud , and toll their bells in the face of day and bigotry ; they may marry , and shrive , and bury their dead openly , but without tht numbers what will they be ? The numbers ara fast dimbishbjT—death and emigration are filb g down hundreds into tens , and by-and-by , the Irish Priesthood twill have to look to the Irish

      in America , or to the British Government , for the necessaries of life . That alternative is fast sweeping on its two dark wings towards them . " To Great Britain they cannot , for creed-sake , turn . To the Irish here they need never appeal again till 1848 is forgotten m the joy of a bottc * spirit , and a bolder effort . Sever ! the heart of the people here is changed , and , there is not a Bishop m Ireland ( except Dr . Magi . v . v ) , who could collect £ 1 , 000 in the entire United States . We speak , now , from experience , and wo speak it with regret , but so it is . We question if an Irish Priest could travel among Irish Catholics here , without being affronted every other day . " Let the Irish clergy be undeceived . Let them bo told the truth , and they will feel it . If they go with the people for their rights , tho people will sustab them , but as the old Spanish coronation rite said— ' if not , not . '"

      Here is some more " common sense and p la-ra speaking : — "Rome . —Thb Pope ' s Flight . —When Pius the Ninth recalled Durando from tho common hattb field of Italy , the North ; when ho chose Louis Philippe ' s pet and protiye , Rossi , his Minister ; when no refused to advance with tho advances o £ his people and his age , he wilfully abdicated his glorious position , at the head of the European movements of the present century . Wo have wished that all this might be otherwise . Tho sincwest panegyrists of Pope Pius wero among our party in Ireland , and now , wo deeply sympathise and deplore his flight , b such a mean disgmso , on the coach of a German emissary , and towards—oh ! ill-advised

      choice—the court and capital of Ferdinand ( tho aasassin !) of the two Sicilies . " Our readers know that we are not btensely "national . " We thbk an ounce of fraternity worth a ton of nationality—we , therefore , approve of any recommendation tending to unite tho peoples , independent of their birth-places . Bometlung of this sort is contained in the followbg article : — 1 People axd their Oppbessobs . — England ix 1849 . — " The followbg passage of a letter , dated Manchester , December Htti , 1848 , baa been forwarded to us by a gentleman at present b this country : — ' You should bipress on him tho necessity of directing remarks through the Nation to the

      working classes here . It is only by uniting the working men of England and Ireland—their social and political wrongs—and by takb g up the people agabst the aristocracy , that anything can be done with these 'tlirco criminal kingdoms . ' This extract , written apropos of an article in our second number , called tho Queen ' s Mercy , ' recalls to us a view of policy which , when in Ireland , wc saw clearly and pobted out . In Great Britain and Ireland there is a common question—tho question of the people against the coronets . A democratic reformation in the distribution of wealth , b the laws , in the church and state , factory and farm , is called for in both islands , and must come . Thc people 1 the people ! should be the cry of onset and the password ot preparation . A worse slavery than even Thane or Baron exercised—an iron collar and an

      iron rule more mcrcucss than William a forest laws , or John ' s taxation , bbds and bows down the yeomanry of England to-day . Towns grow so thick that there is neither air nor agriculture between them . Thc harvests that feed 20 , 000 , 000 are yearly reaped by sickles biported from Ireland . Ono country is kept in a state of hungry land-serfage , the other is wasted down by the furnace of the chaldron ; both aro' done to death , ' this by steam , that by starvation , and all that purple browa may wear coronets and mitres , and gout and gormandising flourish and increase . " The followbg extracts will bform our northern readers of the whereabouts of cortab

      PROSCRIBED IRISHMEN . " Thomas O'Brien , formerly secretary to the Confederate clubs of Liverpool , has safely landed on tho shores of this country /' "Dr . Laurence Reynolds , late of Liverpool , will act as canvasser for the Nation in Pennsylvania and Ohio . lie will visit the chief towns b both states during tho wbter . " " Mr . John O'Hea , late of Manchester , and one of the most active Chartist Confederates , is now canvassing Virginia , Kentucky , and other southern states for us . " We conclude with the following : —• WHO WAS IHB XRAIXOH ?

      " We havo received a letter from Mr . P . J . Barry relative to the charges current agabst him , ofhav * ing been in secret connexion with the British government , which letter ; we decline publishing , as afc present advised . When Mr . Barry called at our office , wo stated to him that if ho could produce ( aa he said he could ) such facts as would satisfy any three known friends of Ireland—refugees or residents b New York—of his bnocence , we would publish , after that , any exoneration of him that was t » be made . Until Mr . Barry has done so—until hej has chosen and full y satisfied a competent tribuna of Irishmen in this city that tho charges agabst him were totally false , wo must decline rccoivbg any I communication from him whatever . " I We aboil be happy to exchange with the Nation *

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 3, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_03021849/page/7/