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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd December 1848, Edition 2 of 3, Page 3, Political and Polemical Pamphlets. Londo...

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      Pgg^*' 1848 ' ^ The Xq&Tiwm Sta*. ;,. . ...

      Pgg ^*' 1848 ' ^ THE XQ & TIWm STA * . ; ,. . :, g

      Mam

      mam

      -~^ Thb Legi05i8t. - - Tha Polish Of Cis...

      - ~^ THB LEGI 05 I 8 T . - - tha Polish of Cissronn Baenxwsxt . Translated fa ff * " BjDrBoTnmo .

      r rpjrtberig bt understanding of tbefollowirjgposm , it i ecettary to premise , that , after the partlden of Fo-* , * j , » Don > ber of Pole * detetmrned at every risk te gt tooe their way to the South of Europe , in order to Join i tha annies of Nspoleon , te whom they looked as the It aettined deliverer of their country . Many of them " jjjed the army of Italy , and were known under the : „ S je of the Palish Legionlste . They fought te tbe Gertt man wan , and dlttuguithed themselves in Egypt and p Spain . Dombroskl was thetr leader aad afterwords lii their historian , whose memoirs he bequeathed to the II jjtersry Society of Warsaw—One of these young aud p aroer 4 adventurers is the aubj'ct of these verses .

      GIotc tions indeed bad it beta for Napoleon , nappy for Peloid , s happy ioT tbe worla » K toe * e hrava and geaerous enthu-U « U * s . instead of being need as the tools of a worthless a sad devsatattegsunbWsn , bad been employed celely for Is the enfranchisement of their country , and for the liber . [( ties of the world . At one period there were no leas than rj ggeco Poles in tha smlce of Buoneparte , all loosing to 1 tin with tbe most ardent affecdea and dsvoted seal . ] - R avwiilator . — O ' er tbe fair fiJds of Italy a steed . And a youse melancholy r ider speed ;—A famiiy-rronp observe the wanderer . He Vast be a stranger;—Hospitality 'With her kind voice , her smiling welcoming cheek , That bids the father of the household speak .

      IBS ZTAUAsT . Youth of tbe rosy lip aud golden tress ! S 3 whither art thou driven by restlessness ! y "Why wandering from thy native North afer ! Say , what thy hopes , thy wants , thy pawleos axe ! tbe roti . Sarmatia is my country ; aad that word Tell * thea eaoagk of starry . A Strea horde Hsve b » en my eBnntrj ' i spoiler * . Ibaxesoujat The stranger , —and my blood , —my being brought ; On * drop , my Poland < I would keep for thea T « love , to rescue;—aU besides to ma Is blank ind'ffereBce . My sola heritage Axe these good weapons . In his feeble age I l « ft my father ;—and ha sent me forth To jeln my faulchion'd brethren of the 2 fortb . Yf h « e tie thtj \ S > uk »

      TBI 1 TAXUW . Fend youth ! thy hopes bewray : 3 f stions , like men , but Sourish and decay . Borne , too , was mighty , and she held iu chains Tbe surrogated world . What now remains ! She sank in rulne ; time disperses aU . So tbe fruits Noam , —tb » y ripen , aid they fall , xbb roLu . B me stood erect In fierce and iron strength ; Sat the sword broke , —the chains wore out atlenglb , -Oar iron waa the ploughshare , —and oar gold The ripe ears waving In the winds . Of old

      Oar ateede to labour and to war were traln'd ; Oar tickles mow'd the fields , or victorias gain'd , "We seed where our heroic fathers stood , And plough'd the land they water'd with their bleod ; We stuck our swords and spearaour boundaries round ; Aii peace the brow of liberty had crown'd : 'JFatn cams our tyrant-rote j our lands laid watte , Aud is the life-tide of my country past ! An- ' Is her death-knell sounded ? No ! No ! No ! The fires of freedom in oar bosoms glow ; We watch tbe hour;—we sleep not . —Rome ' s preud heirs

      J . II ; tot tbey fell not while one spark waa theirs Of freedom . Batwa are not fallen;—We Scour the wide earth , invoking Liberty ,

      THB ITAIIAX . 0 je sun lflamtaea all the globe . Where'er We love and are beloved , our country '• ( hire . Come , exile ! fix thea here . The orange-tsee , Tbe olive , aad the vine , shall bloom fer thee ; Xay down thy wearying arms . Near ruin ' d Borne Sare ' t ia unmeet te mourn thy land , —thy home , TBI roil . Par na tbe sun la clouded ;—no perfume Of the sweet orasge fills oar plains ; no bloom Of vines it in our valltja , Yet the breeze Oa Carpsth ' s sides it sweeter far than these . Thecurn-flelds waving like a wineVrosk'd S' » 'Neath heaven ' s blue temple , bending gracefully . Our tEOuetaina bear within their grarite breast The war-repelling iron . 0 bow blest In their green dtlls to dwell!—compared to this All other bliss were but a worthless blisr .

      THB ITAItAtT . Yet still the spirit ' s higher , holier put Seeks more refined enjoyments—music ' s art , — That brings enchantment from tbe realma of song The wizard spirit bears tho soul along To the bright age of gods and fable . Time Spares in hit flight the great aad the sublime .

      Tax r . "We own , —wa feel sweet art * a bewitching spells ; Wirfcoat it , life in narrower limits dwells . Tet < o my heart the voice of song is dumb : That heart lies buried ia ray mother ' s tcmb * Beneath bar heavy grave-atone . Nought to me Hut the harsh clarion ' s clang is harmony ; That only cast awake my mother * * sleep : That let me hear when sinking ia the deep Dull cave of long forgetfulnesf . If e'er Age should coll back the blighted wanderer To his own home ; how awest beneath tbe abode Of the pale lime-tree- oaths green tart laid—To mingle with my country's sorrow , thought Of triumphs by her exiled children bought . Our cities are in ashes;—from tha block Our youths ne ' er ehisaPd gods ; yet on the rock By the way-siJe oar heroea * tombs we see tJiterirgtnelrdeedi to time . smd history .

      X 3 K ITAUAW . Thou fair . halr'dyoathl theae tones , so aad and stern , Become not life ' * gay spring . L » t old men mourn , But thou , be joyful . Let thy country be In Goo ' s high hand—the King of kings it he ; Bat thou , the Mack-eyed , aweet-voiced maiden take . Forget thy griefs , thy gloomy thoughts fersake : £ .-. und her thy children and thy home shall bloom , for all the world is lore and virtue ' s to me , tbs rota , ' Nay ! I have shed hot tears tor her I love ; Nosght bat my country ctuli oar heart * remove . Whenever I dosemy pilgrimage , 1 * 11 bear To my old aire my award—myfcsa ^ t to her , One common land has bound n * jamais our vow , — ' Freedom and unehat ged faith , '—t ¦ wear It now .

      Be spake , —the Ukrainian DwMtj met his ear , Oa the dark bills the Polish ranka appear : And like aa arrow with hie steed ha oped " , While Bone ' * old burgher wondering bent bis head

      Mum

      mum

      The Boory Of Ireland. By T. Wright, Ita ...

      The Boory of Ireland . By T . Wright , ItA F . S . A ., ii . Part IV . Lvndon : J . andF . T « lh » , 100 , St John Street . This part details the history of Ireland from the Utter end of the reign of King John to the latter end of tbe reign of Edward II . —* period ef aboat one hundred and fifteen years . Oppressions , tneurree tiona , feuds , wan , assassiriations , plonderagj , and lUoghterinM , seem daring this period to have turned Ireland into one huge ield of blcod . ' AsaittaJ , the Irish appear tohave been more intent upon cutting e » eh othere tiuoatt than making any we' 1-adnsed effsrt to redeem their enontry from foreign opprec txsn . The feuda of the An ^> Nrjrman , crp « hapa it weald be more proper to call them Anglo-Irish ubwuio

      fwona , aeerhgthat Strongonwis wotw nan now the settled bom and bred occopitn of the soil , added to the nuserieaof the nnhappy eoontry . The invasion Of Edward Brae * brother of tsofaacnii KotertBrues , aeeme to have pnfe ths elimax on the horrora ot turn period . TheScoUravagrftbewrmtTywi & firesujd sword , and women and children , aa well as men , were destroyed in massea , Femina and peatHenoa com pleted the work left mfiniifaed by war . During the three yeara and a half of B-nert power the famine vru bo terrible-awing to the devastated 1 state of the country—that , according to the nativei Irish enronitiers men did ooamonly eat one another for want cf sustenance . * The death of Edward Bruce , who waa aiain in battle , put an end to the frightful enterprise in

      ef the Sr ^ Yh vaders . ... In the wan of the Irish with eaehoiher , theEngloh appear to have acted on the infamous . policysubsequently employed with rignal niooess in Indm , in tee factious and often tre ^ hereus warfare . of ehwf gainst chief . and of rival wrmr ^ Utora fer the aame dignity , the English aeem to have been in the habit ot lupperting the party who waa most in the wrong , or Mtoionaly a ' pretender . ' But the airiggle wee deeded , the party who had received tbe support of the l ^ u ah waanotlane pamitte ^ to reign ornilerinmflset » d « Preiatof * wHiiBTfir L * w » tiB | to P ^ » tuurper . andof oourse theuauil punianment waiwe farfeitareoftlmceTatedterrit < rr 7 tothe Erig ] M . ine Irishprfoeea ' protected'by the English we « tteaWaJ tsaais , and often atrippedof their tiaea . andd « riyed the

      « f their Uvea by their * proteetori . ' Unhappily ; Irish themselves afforded their enemiea every facility for ctrrying oat this infameua ay stem . Ia thecouree of the hundred and fifteen yeare embraced in this Part of the history , there appeara to have been tat one attempt made to rally the Irish to a national <* rag ; le for the expulsion of the English from the island . Oae battle—the celebrated battle ol . Down , in which Brian O'Neill , the chief of the anh-Engush eosfederation . was alain-inffieedtoputanendto a ejsmbination whimYprodueed results the opposite to those intended by its promotera . The snbaequent Wars of the Irish against the English were the mere aimlesi struggle of tribe- aad factions . It was gainst each other that the Irish principally turned umranaf , , Weare told that Edward the Firrt ' vraa desirous of

      The Boory Of Ireland. By T. Wright, Ita ...

      eoanrJeriot the wool * population of Ireland as hi * nbjaeti f the English bareniia Ireland were wilUmi to rtgard tat Irish population only in the lighter wemiea , when they might plunder and slaughter at will . In the eye of the law aa it now stood , an Irish * man could not plead in an English court , and his only chance of obtaining justice wm by the barbarous practice of taking the law into his own hands . Two eases illustrative of thia atato of thing ! have been often quoted from the records of Edward ' a reign , in one of whioh an Englishman being sued for certain good * , pleaded merely that the plaintiff was an Imhmae , and therefore had no right to demand them ; and in the other , an Englishman baing charged

      with murder , or at least with manslaughter , acknow-Iedged the fact , but pleaded that tha dead man was only an Irishman ! In general , the Irish who were eutof the pale were considered by the English as being not much above wild beasts , which tbey might hunt aud destroy at pleasure . ' Well might Sir John Davutay in speaking of the Irish : —« At every Englishman might oppress , spoil , and kill then without controlment , how was it possible they should be other than outlaws and enemiea to the crown of England ? * * » If the English would neither in peace govern them by the law , nor in war root tbem out by the Bwof d . must they not needs bs pricks in their eyes , and thorns ia their sides , till the world ' s end ?"

      Tois part contains several interesting historical episodes , such aa tbe horrible deaths of Maude and William de Braose ; the treacherous killing of Richard , the great Earl of Pembroke ; the romantic end of Geoffrey O'Donnell ; the walling of New Ross , and the strange story of the Lady Alice Eyteler and the Bishop oi Ossory . The illustration is a splendid steel engraving of * The Battle of tbe Boyne . '

      * By Motktr Is Meant Here The Satire Lan...

      * By Motktr is meant here the satire land . The in-• arte attachratnt of the PeUs to their country raids ••? ses arnu lyacanuoe , f BaSaas .

      Political And Polemical Pamphlets. Londo...

      Political and Polemical Pamphlets . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row . Earlier editions of moat of the pamphlets wa hava clawed together under the heading ' Political and Polemical / have been noticed in former numbers oi this journal . We give tbe titles : —1 . — An Account of llts Rise and Progress of German Communism , with a Memoir of Withelm Weitiing , d-e . 2 . —Letter Opining at the Post Office . " ( A reprint of an admirable article whieh appeared in No . 82 of the Wi » fmiru / er Review , on the revelations of Sir James Graham ' s

      Post Officer vilUnies . ) 3 . —The Scripturian ' s Creed . 4 . —The Holy Scriptures Analysed . ( A striking aud laborious work . ) 5 . —An Examination of ihe Holy Scriptures . ( Attributed to Lord Bolingbroke , but now said to have been written by Voltaire- ) 6 —A Dissertation on the Being and Attribute * of God . ( We f-rmerly expressed a favourable opinion of the ability of the author—T ; S . Mackintosh—aa exhibited in this pamphlet . ) 7 . —The ThreeImpottors . ( A carious bat somewhat overrated work , which we reviewed at length on a former occasion ) . The whole of these pamphleta will repay perusal .

      To The People Of England. Limn Vi. Ftwiw...

      TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . Limn VI . FtWiW CouaraiuiH . —2 ? ot anything is more satisfactory ia discussion , than that tha disputants should have a clear understanding of the grounds on whioh the argument rests . In my last letter , I tarnished you with a list of truths on whieh Mr Rand and I agree , and which we are bound to support in erery stage of this

      dis-. I purposely reserved two ether points of agreement , becanse I wished tbat they should be especially remembered ; hence I determined . to plate them separately . They are tkeeb : — . < \ - 12 . The employment of capital-In branches of industry , whose productions eahrifit be sold for more than tbey co't , is ruinous . 13 . Although the population of England is increasing , the population engaged in agriculture is

      decreasing . Having described the poverty , destitution , and crime tbat now obtain in the manufacturing districts of the West Riding of Yorkshire , and stated what he believes ts b j the causes thereof , Mr William Rand suggests certain remedies , some of which he confidently expects will produce ' prosperity and better timer . ' I earnestly request your undivided and unprejudiced attention to the consideration of these proposed remedies , fully concurring in the opinion of Mr W . Rind that , without controversy , this is * the most important question of the day . ' It is the question that now convulses Europe . Batter that it it be settled by reason than the sword .

      The proposer of these remedies has had peculiar opportunities of investigation . He has for many years devoted his time to the examination and study of the subject . I believe that he sincerely desires to arrive at the truth . The QpiuiQuaQf & ac , aaraan ought never to be treated lightly . At a time like this , they are of double weight . I shall enter on their examination with thoaghtfuiness and caution . If , after the most rigid inquiry , I should feel bound to dissent , I shall do so with reluctance , and not without some fear that I may have failed to discover the truth . These are the remedies proposed by Mr William Rand ;—1 st . —A great modification of' Feel's Bill of 18 M . ' 2 nd . —An equal national poor-rate . 3 rd . —Free selling , as well aa free buying ; or Free Trade fully and fairly carried eut .

      MrW . Rand does not define what' modification ofPeel ' sBtU ' would be necessary , nor is he quite sure that this remedy wonld be successful : he says , 'itis a matter on which different opinions will be entertained . ' Whatever may be the effect of * Peel ' s Bill' npon the question of prices , and on which , as I have said , opinions may differ , * c * o . No ground for discussion is here laid . Nothing u offered upon which an opinion can be given . I am free to confess the question of the currency is one which I have not been able to comprehend . I entertain an opinion , that the Act of Parliament price of gold was fixed oa false data , by those who had an interest in cheating the debtor . I also think that silver migbt be baneficMy and safely used ai a legal tender . , I have been told by a highly esteemed friend , that

      the late Sir Robert Peel informed him , 'he should gain £ 500 , 000 by bis eon ' s measure , ' and he designated it' an unjust bill . ' It is clear that an Act of Parliament that puts half a million oi pounds into a man ' s pocket , without any exercise of skill or industry , mutt be fraudulent . Some ether persons mnst have teen robbed to effect that change . ' I have also been told by a friend , on whom I can rely , tbat the architect who erected Sir Robert Peel' s mansion at Whitehall , told him , 'in consequence of thechange in the currency , thst building had cost one-third less . The difference was , of course , abstracted from the producers of tbe materials and the workmen employed in the erection ; the lucky Baronet retaining it , to the credit aocunt of Peel ' s Bill . ' Sack facts are very suspicious , but , as I beforesaid , 'the currency' has , hitherto , Defiled my skill and

      patience . , . , On the soundness and efficacy of ' enequalnatumal poor-rate , 'MrW . Rind has no doubt . He treats it with the confidence of a master-mind that has , after tbe most patient and ma ' . nre investigation , solved every doubt . .. . . „ The principle on which thu measure rests is thus stated— 'The maintenance of the poor is a national and not a local duty . ' . . . .... . I doubt , with deference , thesonidness of this principle . I hava hitherto believed that there was much to admire in our parochial system . I think that the strength of the nation is mainly attributable to the neighbourly links that bind all the parishioners together—that the strongest security for good conduct is to be found in tbat system—that , therein , the true feeling of 'home' ( so peculiar to Englishmen ) . is planted aud nourished . \>^

      By that system , the owners of the acres , arid of the houses are made responsible for the maintenance ef the labouring people of their own parish—they , in their turn , recognise their dependence on those who they know are answerable for their well-being . ' . It seems to me that the parochial system is natural , and also Christian . It is natural that a man should hare an attachment to , and a claim on , the place of his birth ; Christianity teaches that duties begin at home , and extend from that centre . The constitutional order of right to maintenance is paternal , parochial , provincial , national . . When the first fails , the claim rises to the second , next to the third , and last to the fourth . Leteverythingbedone in eider .

      I know that I am ' all of the olden time ! ' —I have tailed to discover anything in the new fancied gm $ . rcrtising system that is so sound , so good , to sate , so profitable , aa in those strong and endearing bonds of sympathy and union on which our parochial system rests—where the poorest of the people are known and cared for by the richest-where all . pawn , doctor , squire , farmer , manufsctarer , shopkeeper , labourer , and pauper , have a mutual interest in each others welfare—a mutual respect for each others' character —where property is secured $ nd improved by attentionto its duties—where the pain of poverty is removed , or ameliorated , by respect shown to its

      I entertain an opinion that , when the parochial attachmenta an dissolved and its duties are disregarded , the glory and strength of England a undermined . Till they are again f ully recognised , I believe we cannot have * prosperity and better times ; consequently . I think , 'the maintenance of the poor is a local duty . ' ....... One great evil in the new Poor Law is , that it is an attack on the parochial , system . MrW . Rand bears ample testimony to its ruinous operation . I think he errs , when , to remove those evils , he proposes to extend the pricciple that has created them * I nave , I hope without arrogance , stated my reasou for disssnting from the principle of ' an equal national poor-rate . '

      ... Oa the beneficial operation and result of that measure Mr W . Rand haa not a shadow of a doubt ' Had we national poor-rate / he says , * we should

      To The People Of England. Limn Vi. Ftwiw...

      ¦— ' ¦' v —« ws « Bawa « u « aiiawaaB » aaesaw « " < sw » aaBN find wttag « building is tin agricultural parts oi Ihe Kingdom ; the people weald be more uniformly spreadowttecounter ; the peasantry weuldlive near the fields they cultivate , and the result weuld be , a largely increased production , an increased home trade , and a much more satisfactory state of feeling among the working classes . ' 'The result would be , a great diminution of the aggregate amount ( of the poor-rates ) , in consequence of increased employment ia theoaltivationef the soil , and we should see contestedness and satisfaction existing among those classes whose unfortunate condition 'cannot jbe viewed without anxiety and alarm . ' The want of suoh a measure as an iqusl national poor-rate lies at the very root of our great

      ' social evils . ' MrW . Rand is of opinion that an equal national poor-rate wonld ' make it the interest of erery man to promote employment , ' and not only put a stop to immigration from the rural districts , but also be tbe mesas of drawing back those agricultural labourers wlw naw crowd the manufacturing towns and villages . Theie are indeed large expectations ; wonld that a measure calculated to realise them were immediately adopted I Wa must , however , always rememhsr , that if a proposal is unjust , it cannot be proGtab ' e . I respectfully ask , is Mr W . Rand ' s scheme just ? Is it just that the property of Dorking , in Saner , should be

      rated for the support of the poor of Bradford , in Yorkshire ? Is it jast that the agricultural districts should be subject to the maintenance of the poor in manufacturing districts ? Dow Mr W . Rand reply * The case is not fairly stated . I do not Object to Bradford supporting its own poor , or to tbe manufacturing districts maintaining theirs . My complaint is . that we , in Bradford , are now , under the system of local rating , obliged tosupport the poor immigrants from the agricultural districts V The rejoinder is as short as it is conclusive . Ton worto B * va it so ! Again , I ask , is it just that the agriculturists should be charged with tho support of those whose labour in their fields ha « , at the bidding of the manufacturers , been made profitless ? Themanu acturers persuaded the government to act npon the principle

      that , ' England wonld be more wealthy if she did not grow a tingleear of corn . ' That' England was sever intended to be an agricultural country ; her destiny being—the workshop of the world ! ' Is it just that the immigrants should be returned to those homes ( now , perhaps , demolished ) from which ( by each manufacturen-oreated-ooverty ) they have been driren ? It it indeed just that , after having been allured into the manufacturing districts , under the assurance , from the manufacturers of ' cheap bread , high wages , and plenty to do , ' they should sow be driven back again ? That , after having undergone so much suffering and privation—having lost their rural habits , and become emaciated under the effects oi their adopted avocation-in the mills , they should now bs cashiered ? It teems difficult to admit the justice of such acts .

      It would have been well for the manufacturers and immigrants had these peasants retained their profitable employment at home ; but seeing that , at the bidding of tbe former , tbat employment has beta made valueless and that , for tbe supposed benefit of the manufacturers , the peasants were trangfjrmed into artisans , justice requires that those adopted strangers should be sustained by the manufacturers , until their return will bo profitable to themselves and their agricultural employers . N ; bo will rejoice more than myself when that happy period arrives ! No one will labour more assiduously to promote it Will' an equal national poor * rate hasten its advent ? I think not . Mr W . Rand knows , a measure tbat will produce

      the results be so confidently predicts , must be calcula ed to cause the employment and increase of capital . Be knows that capital shuns those occupations ' where you can hardly get prime cost for anything , leaving no margin for profit at all . ' Mr W . Rand is aware that no increase can be expected from industrial pursuits whose produce ' is so sacrificed to cheapness that prime cost cannot be got for any thins ; . ' Ho feels these truths as a manufacturertheir operation is the same in agriculture . I cannot perceive upon what principle Mr W . Rand expects * an equal national poor-rate' would increase the capital employed in agriculture , which , to produce the benefits he anticipate ! , must . be the result of its operation . ' Its object is , to throw back upon the agriculturists the charge of the maintenance of these poor immigrants , thus reducing , instead of ineoeasina , the capital employed in agricullure . Then ,

      confusion would be mora confounded . Mr W . Rind is , I have no doubt , anxious that the results he anticipates should be realised ; be must , therefore , turn his attention to some plan that will give security and profit to agricultural operationsthen , but not till then , will capital seek employment in agriculture . On reflection , he will , SO doubt , perceive that 'an equal national poor-rate' would fail to give such security aud profit . It is the same ' god , cheapness , ' that refuses employment in the mills and the fields ! Let the owners of both , and tbe workers in both , refuse any longer to worship that God ! Let every Act of Parliament that has been passed to uphold his worship be revealed 1 And let the laws of the only True God , the God of Love , be respected in aU future Acts of Parliament ! Then , we may humbly , but confidently , expect ' prosperity and better times . ' Till then , we may look for adversity and worse times !

      Again , ' an equal national poor-rate' wonld strengthen the very wasteful , demoralising , and uncivilised habit of migration , and thus yetj materially tend to decrease our national strength and capital . The loss to the workman in seeking employment is , in . time and money , immense . The morals of the people are thereby loosened , and the safety of a nation is impaired ' . Why should not profitable employment ba always at band at home , in his own parish , for erery able bodied man ? Mr William Rind admits that 'the productions of agriculture are far less than the home demand requires , 'and tbat ' agriculture presents a field in whioh to employ every idle labourer in the country . ' Well , then , we have the fields and tbe labourers—the capital only is wanting . There is abundance of money now waiting for profitable err ploymeut Why is it not employed in the

      produrtioasof agricultue ? This is the only reason : the people of England have been taught by the manufacturers thacforeiga agricultural produce is cheaper than English agricultural produce , because it may purchased at a lower price . Will' au equal national poar-rate' remove that delusion ? No . Fellow countrymen , I have thoughtfully , and in a friendly spirit , examined Mr W . Rand's second proposed remedy for our national adversity . lam bound most respectfully to dissent , because I think it is unsound in principle—unjust in operation—and that it will be ineffectual in its results . MrW . Rand's third remedy will pass under review ju my next letter . I remain , Englishman , One oi the olden time , ' Richard Oastur . Folham . Middlesex , Nov . 8 b , 1848 .

      P . S . This appears to be Mr W . Rand ' s mistake He thinks , when'an equal national poor-rate ' is granted the agriculturists will necessarily give employment to tbe immigrants . Mr W . Rand forgets that it will be impossible to give them employment without additional capital ; and that , without profit , capital cannot be found . If ' cheapness'is suffered to continue' England ' s god *—should the immigrants return , they must become paupen , and the amount subtracted far their relic / , from the capital now employed in agriculture , would necessarily cause the employment of fever labourers , the number of pan . pen would thereby be increased . R . 0 .

      Escirx Of A Convicr Fboh The Sririura Ca...

      Escirx of a Convicr fboh the SriRiura Castle CosvicfifSHrp , at PontBJtJtriH . —A . convict , named Oils , managed , with a considerable degree of clever . neu ,-ta escape on Monday night , or rather en Tuesday morning , from this ship , which lies alongside the jetty of Portsmouth Dockyard . The man was a notorious character ; he was formerly convicted cf robbery , and transported , and fer bad behaviour was sent to Norfolk Island , where he contrived to escape from his keepers , and for some time led the pre . carious life of a bushranger ; he afterwards managed to escape to some vessel , and came home , where he had not remained any time , before . he commenced his former vocations , waa taken , recognised , and aoain aenteneed for twenty-one years . Being sent to

      ths York prison -ship , for rome refractory conduct he was sent for more rigid confinement to the Stirling Castle , where he was placed in one of the most secure cells ; by some unexplained method he managed , about three o ' clock on Tuesday morning , to let himself out ( or to get aome ether person to do so , for there can be little doubt but the fellow must have had assistance ) of his eell , after this he bad to pass through two doers , eaehef whioh were stronely secured with outside locks . He then found cue of the officer's cabins tbat wasuno : onpied , the officer being on leave on shore , which he entered , and there dressed himself in a uniform coat and cap , and deliberately but quietly walked on shore to the jetty to a short distance from the ship , where the Stirling Castle b : ats are usually secured ; he got into one of them , and pushed off into the tido . In the morning

      the boat was picked up , and the prisoner ' s escape discovered ; bnt strange to say , the doors were found all securely locked . The policeman who was on duty at the dockyard says { as we understand ) tbat he saw the man in the boat , and supposed him to be one of the guards ; that he spoke to the guard on the deck of the Stirling Castle , and asked if all was right , and was answered in the affirmative . The case will , no doubt , undergo a thorough investigation , and it is only proper it should . From the repeated escape of convicts from Portsmouth , there is evidently a wast of proper vigilance in the guard placed oyer them . It was only last week that a number of felons confined on board the York convict ship , lying eff Goiport , laid a well-arrange J plan toeaospe , bnt in this instance it was frustrated by some of the tang giving information of the proceedings te the aatlieritie *

      Xmjobatjow ; A 1btt1b Ammtbssm 10 Thbh05...

      XMJOBATJOW ; A 1 BTT 1 B AMMtBSSM 10 THBH 05 , F . SCOTT , M . P . 8 l»—My attention has bt »> directed to a report of a messing published in ths Mommo CnaoHow of W *> T netdoy , tbe 9 th November , The nueting wat fetid in Leeds , the object was to encourage emigration to our Australian colonies , and joo were the principal speaker . Tour position as a member of the legislature , and your frank and open deolarattea of disinterested **!* , raises yen above tbe character ef a mere agent in she employ of a company , and mainly conduce to cause me to address you on the speech yoa there delivered , and also on tbt speeches of your colleagues , Messrs Logan and Boyd . The subject of emigration is gradually swelling into Importance , and it looted upon by man ; as an improvement upon our present social condition , whilst others affirm— 'that an eiteniWe system of ami . gratlon would bs a remedy for tbe national distress . ' Thertfore it it that I think this a fitting time to express my opinions thereon ,

      Tour speech is reported as fol ' ows : —* Be ( Mr Scott ) , would prove to them thst , whilst in this island want , penury , and suffering were extending , there was room ana verga enough for them all elsewhere . If they f csuoO in this country so much destitution , and so much want of employment , leading to destitution , was it not inenm . bent on them , although some might fancy they were seeking to send tbem out of the country ( a order to get rid of tbem—( Hear , hear , and cries of ' Give us employment here *) . It was entirely optional with those who heard him whether tbey remained in this ceantry or emigrated ; bat since it appeared to bathe opinion of some of them tber ' they wantsd to shovel them out—fer that was the term—or , in other words , to get rid of tbem , as he had siid , he waa induced te readthem an extract of a

      ^ Utter he bad Motived from a matter of workmen in a distant part of the country , who deprecated the holding of meetings like that , lest tbe men in bis employ should bs rendered alssatlsfied by bearing of tbe wages obtained in the colonies . Having read the extract to ths effect stated , tho hon . gentleman proceeded to quote largsly from official documents to ah & w th » aestitate stats ot ih » popolation of England . One man in every ten , said Sir J . mes 6 rabam , a short time ago , was tn receipt of purlin relief In this country ; hut new be burred from a return up to June last , it was sot ten per cent , but eleven per cent , of tbe population received parochial relief , for tbe persons so relieved amounted to 1 , 700 , 009 out of 15 , 009 . 000 ; £ 7 , 000 . 000 was raised annually for tha relief of the poor in England , and £ 330 . 000 ia Scotland ,

      snd taking the amouot collected for and raised in Ire . land at £ 1 , 880 . 957 , it made a total of £ 9 , 460 , 957 as the sum levied annually in tbs British empire for the relief of the poor , or three times the cost of the civil govern , meat , independently of the cost of tbe army and navy . Besides the regular standing feres there was the casual roor , a kind of disposable force , moving about aed ex . hsaitlng ortrj parish they went throngb . He would not trouble them with dttails , but would state thia with regard to tbe vagrants , In 1815 there ware 1 , 791 vagrants In one part of tbe metropolis , and ia 1828 , in the same district in London , they had Increased to 16 , 036 . ' In 1839 the number was 85 , 600 , which had Increased iu 1817 , to 41 , 743 . He might state , mortovsr , that in a certain district seutb of the Thames , that for the six

      months ending Sept , 1818 , the number was 18 , 533 , which had Increased during the same six months in 1847 to 41 SS 7 . And in this very county , in one Of tbe first unions im tha W > st Biding , tn 183 $ , one vagrant was relieved , and in 1847 , 1 , 161 . This , he thought , afforded a pretty Strang , dark , and gloomy picture ol tbe state of destitution prevailing in this country . If this was so It behoved them to inquire whether or net other parts of this empire , governed by tbe same laws , under the controuloftbe same Sovereign , did not offer employment with better remuneration . Since the beginning of 1847 three hundred thousand valuable colonists bad gone and settled in the . TJnitsd States , taking their money , tbeir industry , to promote the prosperity of that fortlgn cosn . try—( bear , hear , and cheers )—whilst frem 18 * 5 to 1847

      nota solitary Individual wmt to New South WaUsat tbe public expense . And yet the highest authority In tbe country , and a" very able man he was ( Esrl 0 rfy ) , thought nothing could be more satisfactory than the state of emigration between this country and Australia , If tbey would be induced to go to Australia Inettad of depending open tbe alms and donations of others here , tbey might place themselves in a position of comfort , and be enabled to afford assistance to their relations , If tbey considered paupers tbat cost tbem here £ 8 a head per aenum , whilst by this change tbey wonld mabo tlm happy , Independent , and self-supporting ; and if , in ad . dlclon to this £ 8 per annum , and tbe cost of bis pasisge , being £ 10 to £ 18 , and in two years he more than repaid the whel i amount of his passage , Erery man who went

      te Australia paid back again in two years tbe value iu labour given to this country to the amount of £ 15 8 s . 6 d . ; io that , instead of being a burden of £ 8 , he was a bane . fit to the amount stated , If they put these figures together , they would , he tbeught , be able to estimate the amount of benefit conferred not only npon the emigrant , but also upon those who remained at borne . II he went to Hotth America , it would cost htm £ 5 , W he would be twenty years In paying back the value of his pasisge , as tbe relative proportion of manufactured goods exported to the states 1 « only 5 ) , 81 . From this they would see the importance of emigration to tbe

      Australian colonies . The cost of the burden of each paupsr is £ 8 a year , and if they added tha benefit in the extra consumption for goods to the amount of £ 7 14 s . 3 J . per' annum , there wonld be a clear gala by the transference ot £ 15 14 s , 31 . Take a thlvd view of the cose . If £ 8 pir annum was the cost of the bnrden , in ; . ten years that became £ 80 . In Am . tralla he benefited by contributions tbe sum ef £ 11 , making a difference of £ 103 in tbose ten years . After some other remarks to tbe seme eff .-ei , tbs bon . gentle , nun concluded bis spetcb with an impassioned appeal to theaelMntereitandcammon-sense , as well as all the higher feelings , of hit audience . '

      Tour account of the condition of Ecgland is but too true—the figures you quote are undeniable , they are the handwriting on tbe wall tbat indicate national destruction , and come far short of the real misery existing in tbe heart of this richly poor state of which we are citizens , Tbe drunken msa reels as be exults in hit vice , and we pity his depraved morality—the gambler sickens at the throw ot the dice that seals bis fate and fortunebut intoxication and excitement drown tbe pain and destroy reflation . Return borne with tbem te their dingy dwelling— -see remorse and despair , doubt and madnets follow—mark Starving wives and iquslid children , and you will discover that throwing dice bas lost more than / old—and drunkenness has consumed essentials of more value than time and money . Tnose form subjects olnfhcuon for the moralist , statesman , and physician , and show that tsctb is more than f > ct , and tbat national lenes cannot be fully estimated by figures alone

      When describing the miserable condition of the people to such an audience at you addressed In Iiceos , do you orhavoyoueverr-flsoredon the history of the trade and manufactures ot this country ! If you bare , why do yon omit to notice the following facta , s > 'intimate ! j bound np with the condition of the people , and related to voar queslion of' went of emp ' ejmm ' , ? ' In the year 1811 tbe population of Greet Britain ameunted to 12 , 596 . 803 , of which 4 . 408 , 8 s ) were dependant on ( igricul . ture ; in 1841 , the population of Great Britain amounted to 18 . 814 , 484 , oi which 4 , 145 , 775 were dependant onagri

      culture , showing a decrease ot employment In agricultural pursuits of 363 , 105 persons ; during which period we have had an Increase of population of not less than 49 } per cent , ; and had the tilling of the Laud found an adequate increase of employment , proportionate to tbe increase of population , tbe numbers employed In agriculture in the year 1841 would bave been 6 , 591 , 276 persons , being actually 2 445 , 501 persons mora than are now em . ployed , VTe here ptrcelve , at a glance , that EngUnd has been the great enemy of herself ; and the effects of ber suicidal policy are now visited on the beads of her cbildrea . Instead of pursuing a policy that would have

      spread ber manufactures over ber entire surface , and encouraging an agricultural developemsht that would have employed her people , and Increased her means cf subsistence , her lshd . owners and manufacturers hava leagued together to buy and sell her population as slaves ; the results are , increased rent-rolls , increased fortune * , Increased pauperism , and increased poor rates And as aa improvement upon this state of things , we bave preached tbe miserable mike-shift of Emigration , by men who pass current as statssrsen and politicians . Truly has It been written , 'That England ia a fen of stagnant waters . ' These statements are historical , and can he irrefutably proved . Tbe foreign trade ef England has been doubled since ths pasting of tbe Reform Bill ; whilst cotton yarn which told in 1814 fer oi . 6

      7 * . per ysrs , are new worth lOd . ; silks fer dresses csn now be parohaied for one half their former prices . Cochineal , cinnamon , fancy work boxes , musical instruments furs , bonnets , cambric net work , and , in fact , every rtuuhlte of o imfort aad luxury at tbs command of the capitalist , landlord * and anruitant , have fallen one half in value . By a reference to tbe Parliamentary returns for 1814 , wo dl » covsr that the whole amount of income derivable from Land w » S £ 37 , 666 , 34 . 7 . Ia 1813 , it bad increased to « 5 , 753 , 615 , being an Inmate of upwards ot £ 8 , 000 . 000 starling per annum ; and at money cannot be calculated by any stondard of intrinsic value , but is more or less valuable , depending npon the quantity of necessaries , luxurler , and comforts it can enable Its possessor to acquire , it follows tbat the apparent Increased £ 8 000 , 000 of rental annually , Is a reel Inerease of £ 16 , 000 , 000 in value ; and so on iu proportion with ail the interests of tbe monled and lauded classes lu this country .

      Let us next examine the wages of tbe labourer . Mr Barton , in a table drawn up from authentic sources , gives the following statement : —Iu tbe year 1496 , wheat , per quarter , was 4 i . 19 d , —wages , per week 1 > , 10 }< 1 . Wages . In pints of wheat , 199 . The same table , cott - nued by Mr Wade to the year 1840 , shews—that wheat , per quarter , was 66 j , 4 d . ; wages , per week , lis , ; in pints tf wheat , 85 . Ia the year 1797 , the average wages of band-loom wen * vera was £ 19 , , per week ; flour , per lond , £ 2 7 s . In 181 l > wages , p « week , 14 s , ; flour , per load , £ 3 Ws . 1 M 0 , wages , per BMjt ss > $ a . fl 0 ttr > per i 0 » a , £ 2 10 » .

      These tables of wages clearly exhibit the tendency ef fcygona jure , and If further proof were neosssary , the fibres used by yourself on the inereass ef poor and poor rates woald he amply leffloUat ; and I may alt * ,

      Xmjobatjow ; A 1btt1b Ammtbssm 10 Thbh05...

      that the earns redaction , differing U deffte , has a « ottdall other trsdis . ^ Howforthecerraotnataef baying ana selling slaver , TbalstoMrHusk'ssoB , in his place in parliament , on Feb . 26 th , 1826 , ipeksai follows :-M bars sten-nnd many other gentleman , no doubt , hare seen—ia a Maoelesaelduewepapsr of tbe 19 th of y « brMi 7 , im , she roiiowtag advertisement : — 'To ovsrsetrs , guardians of the poor , and famlllei desirous of settling to Msooiesnew . —Wanted , Immediately , from 4 , * 0 D to 5 , 000 persons . ( Hear , heat , ) The house may well express their surprise , and I beseech their attention t » the description ef persons required by this ndverttssment— ' From ssven to twenty years of ago ; ' so that the manufacturers were

      content to receive children of the tender age of only seven years , to be employed ia the throwing awl menu , factoring of silk—tbe great Increase of the trade bavin ? cawed ngreatscaroity oJworknien . It is suggested , that this is a most favourable opportunity for person * with large families , and overseers , who wish to put out children-children of seven years of age—as apprentices , to in » ureJhem a comfortable livelihood . Applications to be' made ( if by letter , po » t paid ) to the printer of this paper . ' 'Mr JR . GoiDoir J It appeara that . ovsrseer » •( parishes , in London , are is thehabit of oontrsollsg with the msnuf * otarers of the north ferthe disposal of their children . Ia this manner waggon loads of these liiWe creatures are sent down , to bo at the disposal of their new mssters . '—April 3 , 18 It > :

      There is nothing in the slave markets of America , or among the- Eastern nations , more flagrant and brutal thou tbe advertlsmenti I hava quoted from Che speeches of HutkltiOB and Gordon . Tne terms used are , perhsps , not so strong , but thsy are equally explicit , and to every riflactlng mini they prove eptn and undisguised slavery . What avails it in principle , whether ths sieve be driven to the slave mart with a whlp . cord , or marched to the factory msrr , goaded by the stings of appetite . The choice in either case Is alike iavoluntary , and the raiults are alike unchanged . So you in . quire , ' What have these things to do with any mod . rn sohsme of emigration ? My reply \» ready . Thsj hava everything to do with tbe caism thst lead to the nsoes . slty for emigration , and you murt not be offended when I inform you , that these same advertisement * vttj much resemble the decoy advertisements . published by emigration societies in this year of 1818 . Tbe past policy has been to migrate the poor from the land te the factories .

      The serfsof the toll were then told that' there was verge enough for them elsewhere ; ' now tbey are to he tent to the colonies . ' Tergo enough for them elsewhere' . ' Of course it was entirely optional whether they remained in the country , or went to tbe factories , just as it is now —' options ! , * whether they remain and starve at borne , or go to the eoloniei , as recommended by younelf and colleagues . Those osuies and effects were overloekid , at a time when a love of geld sbarpenedthe wits of ocr manafaotuiers , who were drunk with the lust of grin , and reeled and staggered amidst the fumes of commerclal prospultv . Thsy now , meet -us at every corner , when the evils have become so general as to convince the nv > st careless and sceptical of what tbe thinkers of all ages have known ; that the policy and government of a nation are as much the interests of every private citlxen as the kind oi home in which he lives , or the clothing he wears and tbat' He who lives by the sword , shall perish by the sword . '

      I naw refer you to that part af jour address ia which you call attention to ether parts of tha empire , as fit fields frr English inflnitry . Tou continue—* If they ( the paupers ) could be induced to go to Australia instead of depending upon the alms and donations oI others here , th » y might place themselves in a position of comfort , and be enabled to afford assistance to their relations . ' In your calculation of expenses , yon name two items , o » lou ! aitng the cost of a paoper , at £ 8 pir annum , and add 'in addition the cost ot bis passage , being £ 10 or £ 18 , and , in two years more , he more than repaid the whole amount of his passage . ' Suppose we say , one year ' s keep as an unwlllng idler £ 8 , pasisge to Australia £ 1110 « ., total £ 1910 s , and mark , this sum must be paid previous to a single fiirthleg reiog returned—and for the take of argument , I will suppose your calculaVon of returns , by increased trade , with the mother country , to be correct . Now , I volunteer to demonstrate to your senses , by . the ' simplest process of arithmetic— 'Tba * .

      there Is room and verga enough * for ths employment of the surplus idlers , within the limits of 'he mother country , and from which greater advantages mast accrue to all parties iutereited in tbe preservation and welfore cf the empire , than by any system of colonial emigration . My case shall not rest on any hypothesis or calculations of mine , but on undeniable and incontrovertible faotr , as proved by other * . Mr Martin , in hit work' On Ireland before and afier tbe Union , ' wrl'es as MIows , S-e pages 88 and 89 : — * The improvements which have been effected by ths drainage of Chatmoss , and other begs in Lancashire , ought to encourage similar efforts in Ireland . The district through wbiob tbe railway pastes , between Manchester and Liverpool shows a large extent of conntry reclaimed frem swamp and peat , and now bearing abundant crops , and yielding more than ten per cent , in rent . Although the wage * paid during the process of oralnage was about fourteen shillings per week , tbe cost bas not exceeded £ 10 per acre for reclamation . '

      To a small extent reclamation Is how going on in Ireland , Mr M'Nab , of Oasiltconnell , county Limerick , bee reclaimed eighty ' acres of the worst red bog , devoid oi vegetation and twenty feet deep . It was drained , then coated with the subsoil , and the land which was not worth 2 i , 63 , per acre , is now worth thirty shillings per acre . Mr Stuart Trench , of Monagbon , has v . claimed 800 acres of mountain land in four yesrs , and raised its value from two shillings to thirty-five shillings per acre ; the entire coat was repaid by the cr > ps In three years , although he hod to bring lime a distance of fcur miles orer a hilly road , Mr Ssade , of Wood Park , county Gslwsy , reclaimed 5 C 0 seres of moorland and mountain , at a cost ot £ 10 to £ 17 per sore , which was repaid by the crop o ! tbe second year , and the land tormcrlj werth two shillings and slxpeno ? per sere , cow pays an annual rental of twenty thllllnKS per acre , Mr Reade says , there are 128 . 000 seres of such reclaimable

      wastes in Gal way , where thousands bave died during tbe past year , and where many are now ( April , 1848 ) dragging on a miserable and u « eless existence , Mr Conlthnrst In the county of Cork , r-. claimed a bog faro-, for which the ttnants could not pay 4 s , per acre . The dralneg « and reclamation cost £ 15 per acre , which was repaid before the fifth year , and the land is now rated , tt the poor-rate valuation , worth £ i per sore . Mr Haloes , of Barton Orange , one of the reclaimed moss farms of Lancashire , writing to Mr Poulett Scrope on tHs subject , itstas that , if the 3 , 080 , 000 acres of Irish bog were reclaimed , like bis farm , and maJe tqaally productive ( as he is confident they might bs ) , tbe yearly produce ought to be fifteen million burtiels of wheat , thirty million bushels of oats , one hundred and fifty bushels of potatoes , and a million snd e-nslf of fat sheep ) , the whole affording food for the support of five millions of people . '

      I may add to theie feoli—the validity of which is no . deniable—thst , according to the third report of tbe Emigration Committee of the House of Commons , published In 1842 . the lands In England , uncultivated aud capable of cultivation , amount to 3 451 . 009 acres—and in Wales , to 530 , 000 acree—this , too , exclusive of many thousands of acres , now profitleisly used as deir parks , game pre . serves , pleasure ground * , and forests , every inoh of Which , if cultivated , would be the richest aud most productive aoil of the realm . An < i what oan be more absurd than that our able-bodied poor should be shipped off from tbe land ot their birth , to clear the woods and people the deserts of Australia , under the plea , too , of over population—at a time when there are thousands of aorei of rich soil in this country that bear no fruit but a few stunted oaks , and yield no produce hu that which is consumed by wild fowl , deer , haras , and rabbits ?

      I will again resume this sat Jest , with a view to a fair dlicuiilon of the merits of emigration , as a source of national Improvement . F . r tbe preient , I submit for your consideration the following deductions , whioh I conceive to be fairly proved by the facts and reasoning of this letter : — 1 st .-That the toll of Great Britain and Ireland is capable of sustaining , in comfort and independence , tbe whole population . Sod . —That the monies proposed to be paid for shipments of emigrants to Australia , and other colonies ot tbeempire , if applied to purposes of borne colonisation , would be more profitable for the interests of both labourer and capital !)' , end wonld cause a borne consumption for manufactures , greater than possibly oan bs created by any system of colonial industry .

      3 rd , —Tbat emigration ia alone to be regarded as a scheme ef private enterprise for emigrants , and Increased value to tbe properties oi tho holders of land in the colonies , without any special advantagei accruing therefrom , for tbe benefit of the inhabitants of tbe mother country ; and as a source of national improvement , is , from apparent and irrefutable causes , everyway inferior to home colonisation , 4 th . —That , as we are suffering , among other oauni , from a derangement of the balance of employment , between those tmpleyea in agricultural , as compared with those employed in manufacturing pursuits , any schema of Industrial improvement , to k * nationally mi perma . nentlv beneficial for all , must have for ita object tha employment of tbo destitute poor in oulHvatlng tho waste lands of Great Britain aad Ireland .

      5 ih— 'Hethat tllleth bis land shall havep ' entyof bread ; but he that foiloweth after vain persons shall have poverty enough . ' ( Proverbs xxvll , 19 ) I remain , your obedient servant , NiV . I 9 tb , 18 i 8 . Samosi , Kjdd .

      Takiko A Showbb Bath. —Doctor: '"Well, H...

      Takiko a Showbb Bath . —Doctor : ' "Well , how did your wife manage her shower bath , deacon V Deacon : 'She has had real good luck . Madame Moody told her how she managed . She said she bad a siled silk cap with a cape to it , like a fireman's , tbat carho all over her shoulders and' — Djotor : ' She ' s a fool for her pains — that ' s not the way . Deacon : 'So my wife thought . ' Doctor : 'Your wife did nothing of the sort , I hope . ' Deaeon : ' Oh no , doctor , she used an umbrilly . ' Doctor : '' What ! used an umbrella ; what tbe mischief good did the shower bath do her ! ' Deacon ; 'She said she feH better . Her clothes wern't wet a mite . She Bit under the umbriily for half an hour , till the water trickled off , ant said 'twas cool and delightful , and justiikealeetlo shower bath ia summer . Then she took i S her things , ar . d rubbed her for half an hour WtoS—American paper ,

      Mtutm*

      mtutm *

      Acotowt Mom Fibi-Abms -A Few Days, Ago, ...

      ACOTOWT MOM Fibi-abms -A few days , ago , at Sesthwell , Not !* , ayenngwoman bad her right hand shot off while in the act of reaching down a goo for her rjrother . Tab TswoiUPn .-ThBCop 7 ingtelegraph bntm tried from London to Bloogh ; it is calcnlated it will transmit four hundred letters per minute with a single wire . Dxath raojt Psisow . —A child , two yeais and-ahalf old , was hilled last week , at liottingham , by eating some bread and butter sprinkled with anentff and sugar , intended for the poisoning of rats . # A brewer at Llanfachreth , last week , sustained a loss of four vaisable milch cows , which died in consequence of eating too much of fresh graias from tb . 0 brewery .

      Militart Poor Law I . isp * ctob 8 >—There are fourteen military and naval officers of tbe rank of lieutenant-colonel , major , and captain , emjpjoyed , a * poor-law inspectors in Ireland . Temperance . — Dr Letsom ascribed health and wealth to water ; happiness to small beer ; and all other diieaies and crimes to the useoi spirits . Thb Crew o ? tbs Kobth Bbitain . —The Dominica , of Cork , saved and brought to that port the crew of the North Britain , from Q'jebeoto Plymouth , waterlorged off the banks of Newfoundland . Shspfibld Bavohets . —A considerable order for bayonets haa been received in Sheffield ; which town was formerly the principal seat of the manufactories of thoee weapon . DsAin prou Imtsupkbaxcb . — An inquest was held last week , at Uckfield . Sussex , on the body of a lad , fifteen years old , snd a verdict was returned that his death was caused by excessive drinking .

      Air Imminse Buck of Gram ™ . —A block o * granite , containing upwards of 12 , 000 cubio feet of stone , and exceeding 850 toss in weight , waa dislodged , a few dajs since , in a granite quarry at Maen . Coal . —Great Britain produces annually 31 £ 00 009 tons of coal ; Belgium . 4 , 960 077 ; France , i 141617 ; United States . 4400 , 000 ; Prussia , 3 . 500 , 00 u ; and Austria . 700 000 Mr Robert Chambers , the distinguished writer and pub'isher , was proposed for Lord Provost of Edinburgh , but rejected on account of his theological opinions . The census of France , taken in 2846 , shows that since the previous census , in 1841 , the population had increased 1 , 170 , 000 or at the rate of 23 i OOOper annum .

      SwautAR Dkath . —Oa Friday last , Edwin John , the son of Mr Gerrard , erocer , Bindley , was drowned in a vessel of buttermilk . Ths deeeassd was about ayearar . da-half old . Abd sl-Kidsr—On leaving Pau , Abd el-Kader remitted a sum of money to the cure for distribution , among the poor , with an expression cf regret that his means did not permit him to be more gene * rons . Thb State Church —There is a pluralist in Wales who has charge of the five pa rishes of Llantrissant , Lleobcynvarwydd , Rhodygerbio , Gwaredog , and L'anllibio . A poor curate efBoiates for < £ S 0 a year I His employer bas about £ 1 . 000

      Dsath F . 10 M Swallowing a Pitr . —On Tuesday an inquest was held at the Infl < mary , Stockport , oa view of the body of a girl , whose death it was sup-Eoied had been occasioned by accidental burning ; ut it tarned cut she hid died horn kilaffimstioa arising from having swallowed a pin . Si . ioui . ab Tbnobb or Laks . —Amongst the fanciful tenure * by which landed estates have been held , that of the Stnffords , of Eyam , in Derbyshire's not the least singular . It is , that they shall keen a lamp perpetually burning on the altar of St Helen , ia Eyam parish church . Pai-pkrisv . in Irklahd . —There is a poor supply of Indian meal ia Dingle at present . Nearly 1 , 200 persons are receiving in-door relief in the temporary workhouses of the union . Out-door relief is being issued to 3 COO .

      Rivbb Pirates—A boat belonging to a man named Latohlbrd , Iadon with provisions , vm plundered on Thursday , at fiingmoyisn , by river pirates , who put out from the wood and carried off properly to tha amount of £ 180 . QrJALiFiOAWN f b MiBSniFMi 5 . —The Admiralty have determined , tbat , in future , an acquaintance with the principle and application of tbe steamengine shall be deemed a necessary qualification for all midshipmen before they can be allowed to paw for tbe rank of lientmsnt . Negro Natur * list . —Qaas-b . ee , commencing a work ou natural history , wrote as follows : — ' Alan is de first animal in de creation ; he springs up like a sparrowgras « , hop about like a hoppergra < s , and dies do ssme as a jackass . '

      Serve him Right . —The magistrals of Sheffield hare ordered a boy , ten jeers old , to be well w hipped , for laving placed seven ! large stones on the rails of the Midland Railway , thereby oan » ing an obstruction which nearly thr * w a train eff tbe rails . Considerable quantities of sweet potatoes and bananas are now grown in Madeira for shipment to England , as the passage frem Madura to South * amptonis now made in eleven or twelve dajs , and the vegetables const quently arrive in good cofidition for the London market . Gen . Surmin , whocrmmandrd under Gun . Hum . bert in tbe expedition against Ireland , which ended in the capture of the French army by Lord Cornwallis , died a few days ago at Brussels , in the 78 th year of his age .

      The Dumfries Couribr states that some miscreants recently pieced a quantity of stones across the public road near to Gatstown , and also fastened a rope across tbe same road a little further on , near Douiovale , whereby a man and horse were thrown to the ground with such violence that tbe hcrte was killed and the man severely injured . A rfsoDiKO Dinhbr — A few days since , tbe Suffolk police apprehended a bridegroom and bis fatherin-law , while they were eating the wedding dinner , whioh was composed of the mutton of a shearling ewe that they had stolen from a field , belonging to a farmer at Litigate ; and both hare since beea om .-mitted to tske tbeir trial .

      A . Scibmwpic R / 2 ) B . —The Mmwo Jodbsal notices a newly-invented razor , with a guard which so effectually protects the skin from the cutting operation of the razor that the manipulator may . shave upwards , downwards , and in every direction , as quickly as he pleases , without the slightest , or even possibility of injuring the skin , Curious Escape . —Last week , a dog was walking on the Bait Lincolnshire line , near Boston , when a down-train came up , and he started forward at fall speed , bnt was presently met by an up-traia ; ha

      then turned round , but the up train soon overtook him . and be cowered down between the rails , whilst the train rapidly passed over him , and he thus escaped uninjured . A Sjjowsb of CoMPinnwiTS — * How fortunate I am in meeting a ram beau in this storm , ' said a young lady wh'i was caught in a ehowor of rain the other day to her ' Jean of promise' who happened to cou-e along with an umbrella . ' And I , ' »» id ha gallantly , * ata as much rejoiced as the poor Laplander when he has caught a rain dear' These are the 6 « au id col of wet weathercompliments . —Boston Chronotypc

      An Ancibjit TnaB .-lhe SiAFPJRoaiuRE Adver . tisbr says tbat at Totworth Court , there ie a chesnus tree fifty-seven feet in circumference , with branches that cover a Quarter of an aore . It was spoken of in the rei ^ n of King Stephen , and attracted much at . tention during John ' s reign ; bnt time is now making its ravages on this ancient tree , whose trunk is betraying rottenness , and is caily wasting away . An Excujk ros a Glass . —At the Bristol Q'tarter Sessions a witnvss in a' running down' case on the turnpike road , stated that he and hid companions , having been' cleared out , ' or thereabouts , at a race , could not raise sufficient raou < y for a dicner , and were , therefore , fain to put up with tea . ( Laughter . ) But , he added , 'Wehad enough left for a glass of ale , to keep the tea down 1 ' ( Renewed laughter . )

      A Lcckt Drxamar . — A man , named Thomas Stsnfourth , who resides in a lonely house at Qainton , Northampton > hire , dreamt lately tbat on the following night his house would be robbed , and that bo should lose twelve sovereigns whieh he had saved . Such a strong impression had tbe dream on his mind , that he took the money from the place where it was usually kept , and deposited it in a bucket of pig ' s meat . That very evening his house was en . tered and various articles were carried away , but fortunately the gold , in its unusual resting place waa left untouched .

      Extraordinary Pkrch Fi ; hiso .- Mr B B . Wil- 1-liams caught in the Thames , in tw ) days tat week , k ,, between ninety and onnbondred perch , averagings : ai pound weight each , and a'l in the finest possible ccn- n- ' dition . Dor ing this grrat sport , one of the hooka kai ( gut ) waa bit off by 0 jack . A gimp one waiaubsti . ti .. tuted , and , in a few minute !) , a jack of niae pounds dsi was taken , and , upon getting the fish into the punt , it ,, the identical got book was found , well secured in his dai upperjaw . EcoaNTBiciTT op a Cat . —Sometime agp , a slater er ! of Wooler had" occa * ion to be working at Shotton ; n . ' . One day when passing between the Newtona , a cat : ati joined him , and followed him like a dog to Shotton , in ,, where it remained with htm throughout the week . ik „ What is most remarkable , puss moutted tbe ladder ien regularly with him to the roof of the house , wheresbo ibo ! amused herself till meal-time , when she punctually illyi attended him . On the Saturday night , she went mti homo with him to Wooler . .

      A Lady's Duscripiion of Louis Blasc , ( in a i as Letter to a Friend . )— ' A few evenisKS since I passed iedJ some hours with Louis B ! an 3 , and I was delighted ted with him . Delighted , to find in a young man a a ai heart so true to the cause o ! humanity , tr-. d to sea a » at resolut'oa eo sprightly , and iudomittib ' . o enlisted in 1 in the most advanced principles yet diico otrd . ilislliai manners ate elegant , and truthful in the extreme ; oa ; he hai a face radiant with peaceful , happy gi-odnosg ;» g j bo bad passion haa left a tnce on his stnooib , hand-md ) some physiognomy , whieh is lighted up by a pair off 01 ejes of suck bright splendour aa is rarely bw .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 2, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_02121848/page/3/