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    • aiu vf adEAT MEETINGOF AMERICAN DEMOCRAT 8 ^ PHILADELPHIA, TO COnCRATULATE
    • ^at fdnai pift Canpm^
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      Aiu Vf Adeat Meetingof American Democrat 8 ^ Philadelphia, To Concratulate

      aiu vf adEAT MEETINGOF AMERICAN DEMOCRAT ^ PHILADELPHIA , TO COnCRATULATE

      The Blkuruna > Nun-Jsusutuks I Ottlngham...

      THE BLKuruna > nun-jsusuTUKS i oTTlNGHAM ON THE RETURN OFF . O'CONNOR , M . P .

      We copy the following from the Philadelphia . Jrit of the Timet of September 13 th .

      GREAT PUBLIC MEETING . A most crowded meeting of the progressive Tjeraocracy was held according * to . notice , in the Albert-street Hall , oa September 7 th , 1847 , to take in to consideration the propriety of congratulating jlie inde pendent raters of Nottingham , upon their j ^^ ng elected Feargns O'Connor , to represent jiiem in the British Parliament . ' Robert Tvler , Esq ., was unanimously called upon to preside , and John Campbell was unanimously chosen Secretary . The chairman having called the meeting to order , remarked , that his reason for being present amongst his fellow citizens on the present important occasion was to evince his sympathy for the cause of JBstice against injustice , bo matter where , or when , or how advocated . lama

      ndicil Democrat , continue * Mr Tyler , and for that reason I admire the consistent advocacv of popular rig hts , hy Mr Feargns O'Connor , through every phase of -his eventful life . As a native bom American , I should be a recreant to the radical Democracy of our fathers , did 1 not openly and above board arow , that I feel a glow of satisfaction whenever I hear of the tyr ants of the earth being made to quail before the might and intellect of the whole people ; but as there is much business to be done this evening , I will not inflict a speech upon you , hut call on the secretary to read the resolutions and address . Mr Tyler was most rapturously cheered for several minutes . The following resolutions and address , from the pen of John Campbell , were passed by acclamation , in the most enthusiastic manner .

      Mr Champion spoke to the first resolution , Mr Wilson to the second , Mr Phillips to the third , Mr Duncan to the fourth , Mr Burnett to the fifth , Mr Shedden to the sixth , and Mr Jtques , in a speech of great power , to the address . ¦ Whereas , We , the progressive Democracy , of this dry , have heard , with unfeigned satisfaction , that the electors of Nottingham , in England , have returned Feargns O'Connor to the British House of Commons , on the broad principles of genuine Democracy , therefore be it resolved : 'That we hail with joy every Democratic victory , achieved by the people over their oppressors , whether in tins country , or in Europe ;

      ' That we congratulate , the independent Electorsof Nottingham , for the glorious example , which they have set to the other constituencies of the British Empire , hy their selection of one of the most consistent Democrats that has ever been returned hy any British constituency , and for their disregard of national prejudices , in preferring an Irishman to one of their own countrymen , simply because Feargns O'Connor has been a consistent advocate of liberty , while Sir John Cam Hothouse , has been its betrayer first , and then its assailant

      ' That we recognise , jnFeargns O'Connor , the unpaid , the unpurchaseable , and the incorruptible champion of the people , whs- has perseveringly battled for years against the insidious tyranny of the Whigs , and the open desperation of the Tories ; and who , when in a felon's cell in the Castle of York , and when out of prison on the hustings and when in the Imperial Parliament , representing his native county of Cork , has been ever found arrayed on the side of the people , and who has done more than any man living for the cause of popular rights in Great Britain .

      ' That we anticipate the day , when the principles contained in the People ' s Charter , will be the basis of the British constitution , inasmuch as those very principles are the exact embodiment of bur own glorious declaration of independence , and the counterpart of our own beautiful constitution , and because the success of those principles in England will be the signal for the whole of the population of king-ridden Europe , to arouse and shake off the galling chains which have been almost indissolnbly rhretted upon them .

      ' That -we are highly gratified to witness the exertions of the Chartists of England , in their endeavours to propagate the true principles , that the soQ of the country should be made to sustain all the citizens , and thus establish a landed Democracy , in preference to a landed aristocracy , as the greatest safeguard of the lives and the liberties of a free people . 'That there be an address ' sent to the electors , conveying our sympathies in the cause of human freedom , and that the address and a copy of these resotions be directed to Mr James Sweet , of Nottingham , respectfully requesting him to communicate the same to his patriotic fellow townmen , including the non-electors as well as the electors . '

      ADDRESS . ' Independent Citizens of Nottisgham . — We , your brethren , in the great cause of universal liberty ; we , the progressive democracy of Philadelphia city , the business capital of the great State of Pennsylvania , one of the splendid galaxy which now compose these imperishable and Republican Confederated States , generally known as the United States of North America ; we , the countrymen of Washington , the disciples of Jefferson , and the admirers of Jackson ; we the progressive democratic citizens of this city , address you , on terms of equality , of friendship , and of fraternity ; we address yon , not to excite animosity in your breasts against any one , bnt if possible to inflame you more with that ethereal fire which enables you to achieve your recent victorv .

      ' Brethren , we believe that we have not been careless observers of the past sacrifices which have been made , by the wise and the good in your country , on behalf of the disfranchised and the oppressed . We can trace the long catalogue of jour persecutions . We forget not the transportation of Muir and of Palmer , under the merciless rule of Scottish Toryism . Nor can we cease to recollect the fates of Lord Edward Fitzgerald , by assassination , and of Robert Emmett , by deliberate , legalised murder . The sanguinary field of Peterloo is still green in our memory . The exile of Frost , Williams , and Jones , has made our

      hearts bleed with sorrow . The dragooning of the people in 1839 , and in 1842 , is also remembered by us . In contemplating the patient endurance of your citizens , we become almost agonised . When we thought of the fertility of your soil , the salubrity of your climate , the untiring energy and industry of your people , we oftimes wondered how it was that you submitted so long to the reeking whip of the extortioner , and the burning brand of the aristocrat ; and at times we almost doubted whether you and we sprung from the same race of men . We exclaimed with freedom ' s

      immortal bard : — ' Can tyrants but by tyrants conquered be , And freedom find no champion or no child , Such as Columbia saw arise , when she Sprung forth a Pallas , armed , and undefied ; Or must such minds be nurtured in the wild , Deep in the unprnnsd forest midst the roar Of cataracts , where musing nature smiled On infant Washington . Has . earth no more Such seeds within her breast , or Europe no such saore ?*

      'Electors ofNottikgham , —Wea ^ nreyoujhat ve rejoice to see yon lead the van in the victorious Chartist army . Yon have now got a representative , who can and who will lead you to victory and liberty . Mark ! we do not eulogise you for electing Feargns O'Connor as Feargns O'Connor , bnt rather because he is the personification of great democratic doctrines , of Charter principles . We have closely scanned Mr O'Connor ' s every action in connection with the advocacy of popular rights , and we are free to avow that we have never witnessed one

      angle act of treachery or corruption on his part , during the long period he has been before the people . In the early part ofhis career , we find him arousing the people of his native country to a sense of the injustice of the abominable tithe tribute ; next gating the repeal of the legislative union ; next endeavouring to bring Parson Ryder to justice , for murdering the poor peasantry at Rathcormac ; next propounding to the British people those ennobling

      Democratic doctrines—the political equality of mankind ! We next behold him in the cell of a prison , a martyr to hisprinciples ; and when again at liberty , he is found hy the side of the labourer , defending ™» from his cruel task-masters ; and last , but notleasr . we perceive that he has directed the attention of the Engli & h people to the soil , as the only and safe remed y by which they can permanently « curc inde pendence for themselves and their postentv .

      Brethren !—The Democracy of the world will look upon this act of yours , as oneof the greatest victories ever recorded , in anv age , in favour of human liberty ; and our onlv regret is , that Brontenr U Bnen , Doctor M'Douall , James Leach , J . R . Banstow . H . "Vincent , G . Julian Harney , W . Lovett , and

      The Blkuruna > Nun-Jsusutuks I Ottlngham...

      Other patriots , with whose names we are familiar , were not elected as well as Mr O'Connor , but ' There is a good time coming . ' We sincerely hope that the patriotic example yon have set , may be the means of cementing-all the Democracy in Great Britain and Ireland ; and in conclusion we have only to remark , that as the tyrants of the world make eommon cause with each other , so ought we make a united stand against a common enemy , and continue to agitate the population of the globe , until we shall have witnessed the success of those pure Democratic principles which can alone make any state free , happy , and independent . John Campbell , Secretary . To Mr James Sweet , of Nottingham .

      ¦ • ¦ ¦¦¦ -•-Ri-R-. -"""¦ ' R-/S.^^ J^Y\...

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      ¦ AW ISATIQ ^ JOURNAL . V OLJ ^!? 519- LONJO ^ AT ^^

      To The Whistler; Sra,—It Has.Been The Co...

      TO THE WHISTLER ; Sra , —It has . been the constant practice of that body to which I belong , vie . the Chartists of Great Britain , to meet every opponent , to challenge all comers , and to abide by the justice of our principles at all times and under every varying circumstance . Yoa have made an = attack npon oar National Land Plan , and pointedly thrust yonr envenomed pen against the character , honour , 'and integrity , of its founder . I feel it to be my doty to step into the arena of discussion , and challenge yon , as well - on account of the society at large , as of a personal tud esteemed friend , who did the same service tome when an exile . I have read your last effusion , and will

      now merely allude to its prominent points , reserving all details until yon think proper to meet me , when there shall be a fair field and no favour . Your preamble is a mere embodiment of the pith of yonr fine letters , and hinges on the non-registration of the National Land Company . Yen refer to the Joint Stock Act , and magisterially inform us that we are acting illegally , and that all of as have rendered ourselves liable to certain penalties , varying in amount from £ 5 to £ 20 . Yon , however , sagaciously add that tlm penalties are not recoverable until the society is registered . I would ask , how can a society breakthe provisions of any law , and be punished for so doing , before it was in existence , any more than a man could be hanged for a murder committed before he

      was born ? And if the penalties could be levied , are you not the greatest enemy to registration , by publishing your alarming ukase ? Yon blame ns for not being registered , and then yon dig a pit in onr way to prevent us being so . This is like your advising physical force in ' 39 , and then instructing the magistrates how they could butcher thousands of Chartists in the streets by rockets , thrown over churches and buildings into square ? , where numbers were congregated . Yon tell us we are not safe without registration , and yon prove that we would be still more unsafe with it . Do yon always whistle hot and cold ? Let me instruct you on the point at issue . The society has dons nothing hitherto as an associated body , save accumulate funds . Mr O'Connor has

      acted for it m the capacity of bailiff , and has individually bought and sold land , and erected houses , with the consent of all the members . Had he notdone so , ho must have either violated the law on the one hand , or raised a storm of dissatisfaction on the other by protracted delay . It was of vital importance to present a model , and the plan be drew ont and placed before our eyes . You , Mr Whistler , were in raptures about O'Connorville . Yon rocked young Hercules in his cradle , bnt yon little expected his future fcigantic proportions—nor were your masters startled until the trades began to take the moneysop from the banks and feed him . The deed , however , Mr Whistler , is ready , and has been lying for signature in London some time . Bnt , as if to offer a signal refutation of yonr calumnies , the members of

      the Land Cempany are in no hurry to sign . They prove by that their repugnance even to appear to distrust O'Connor . It must be gratifying to any man to find that 40 , 000 persons place explicit reliance in the soundness of the Land Plan ; and virtually vote copfidenceinit . How would you like , Mr Whistler , to serve a summons on all of them ? Yon have no chance of doing so with one of them . We have as much right to erect buildings as a railway company . provisionally registered , to open an office , prepare plans , survey land , or issue shares . So far , then , as the registration is concerned , I wish yoa joy of all yonr penalties ; and the worst wish I have for yonr employers is , that they may singe a hole in their purses by trying for them . You are tooold a soldier to make a grab at that sort of booty . An old fox never runs away with a saw .

      Yonr next fling is at the land as a valuable investment . Yoa ssy that if an estate worth £ 7 , 000 was stripped of its timber , its marketable value would decrease te . £ 5 , 000 . So it might , if all the timber were sold , and the land left bare . Bnt , Mr Whistler , did yoa see any houses at O'Connorville ! If so , there yoa would find the timber in cottages , where none ever stood before , and where none would have been erected but for the National Land Company ; la a house worth nothing ? Is land growing weeds , and bought as such , more valuable than that which grows wheat , corn , and barley ? la short , is labour the source of wealth , or does it give value to wood when sawn into deals , orsbaped into doors , window frames , jsistsand tables ? According to your

      perverse and narrow mode ef reasoning , a block of stone in the quarry may be sold at a higher rate than when it is hewn , cut , or polished , and ready for the architect's purpose . In short , the improvement of the land , the erection of houses , and general expenditure of labour , in refining , beautifying , and producing , render the £ 7 . 000 estate worth nearer £ 10 . 000 than £ 5 . 000 , when wehavedone with it . It is the improveable nature of onr property , that makes our security perfect ; and were we not confined to fire per cent on the outlay , the rental would speak for itself , as it will do ere another harvest , in the homes , happiness , and prosperity of the allottees . You then make a dash at the bank , by way of stopping the gap . Your feint will not arrest the run

      for deposits , which will operate , if possible , worse against yonr employers than a ran for gold . Our bank does not require to be registered , and what may seem mere emphatic evidence of your imbecility and ' ignorance , cannot be registered . No private bank ever was or ever could be—no bank whatever can be . The Bank of England it chartered . Joint Stock Banks act under the provisions of the Joint Stock Act , and all yonr cautions , doubts , penalties , and difficulties , had better be transferred to the shareholders in such concerns for the improvement ef their digestion after dinner . The National Labour Bank receives money on the security of landed property , that valuable invest * ment being voluntarily supplied to their bailiff and

      banker , Mr O'Connor , by the National Land Com . pany . Not one sixpence is to be lent or used for any other purpose than the purchase of additional security , viz ., land . Every hundred pounds deposited bears interest at the rate of four per cent . , counting from the day it was put in until the day it may-be drawn out by cheque , payable at sight . Lastly ,- a reserved fund is retained in Exchequer Bills bearing £ 4 . lis . 3 d . percent , interest , for the benefit and convenience of trades . Sick Clubs , & c ., who may require their money at a short notice ; and it is being constantly swelled or replenished hy weekly payment of shares and the redemption money , which cannot be withdrawn . Now . Mr Whistler the trades will invest their funds in onr bank , first , because every farthing wiU be employed for the benefit ef the labour market , inasmuch as every house that is built—where , but for us , none would have been

      built—requires workmen , tends to thin their number , and thereby raises wages . Secondly , the trades will not run upon our bank , for the working classes are too wise to pull down the house they have built for their own occupation , and draw out ^ money receiving four per cent , in one bank , to put it into another where they would only get £ 2 . 10 s . All other banks offer no security save their credit , gire the lowest amount of interest to reap the highest , and employ every borrowed penny in trade speculations in cotton , corn , opium , and railway ventures , and in loans to suppert the master-class against the working class , when the latter are are on strike against the reductions , rapacity , and injustice of the former . Your grand charge seems to be against Mr O'Connor ' s personal credit and solvency . This is a point that Mr O'Connor cannot so well enter upon as I will andean .

      Yeu say that Mr O'Connor having been employed in the purchase of land , and that property having been conveyed to him , it may be either seized for his debts , or , in the event of hisdeath , must descend to his heirs and successors . You add , or insinuate , that he has Irish claimants upon his property . I have no doubt he has , as he had plent y of English and Scotch on his purse ; but I suspect he has more debtors than creditors in the three countries , otherwise bis estates in Ireland would have been pounced upon , and at least £ 2 , 000 . worth of machinery , at Leeds , together with the Star , which is property . Why was not the Star seized ? Mr Whistler , people who live in glass houses should not ba the first to throw stones . Let me tell yon , to end this matter at once , no matter which way the two-edged sword cuts , that Mr O'Connor has acted , now acts , and continues to act , as agent for the National Land Company ; and , although any society might Buffer by the mistake of an agent , ours

      To The Whistler; Sra,—It Has.Been The Co...

      never can from the debts , although it may from the death of Mr O'Connor ; Factories ^ banks , railways * and companies of every kind , have agents and directors who are liable to those who employ them , and who may die in their respective employment ; , bat no concern whatever can have , its stock , shares , or property seised , held , or disposed of , on account of the decease of such agents , or for the payment of the debts , or for the benefit of their heirs . Many land stewards boy , sell , let out farms and displace tenants ; without the presence of the landholder , but does he suffer for the steward ' s debts , * r is property seized by the heirs of his'deceased bailiff ? No , Mr Whistler . Mr O'Connor has ho title to the land , no claim to it ,

      and is ' now striving to get the deed signed , after which he , as land bailiff , transfers the charge to trustees , who again transfer it to the allottees .. The bailiffship , I hope , he will never resign .,, - Now , Mr Whistler , r have answered your penny call ; and if you are not satisfied with it , meet me at Manchester , at any time or place , and on tour owh" tbbks , to be farther instructed . Don't shelter yourself under thedrab wings of Mr Bright ; but have , the pluck to become a real examiner , by testing , weighing , and deciding the merits of the' Land Company and Land Bank , in a public discussion with your determined opponent . .. .. "'¦ ¦' - '• P . M . M ' Doijau . '

      Manifesto Of The, Fraternal Democrats, I...

      MANIFESTO OF THE , FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS , I Assembling in London . ] TO THE DEMOCRACY OF EUROPE .

      • "All men are brethren . " Brothers , —The year which has elapsed since our last annual meeting has been fertile in events of the deepest interest to the entire European community events which significantly attest the onward march of Democratic principles . > The general election in England has been productive of most important results . Chartism has obtained a signal victory , and , for the first time , in England's history , men hare been elected'by the power of popular opinien ,. men who must give expression to the popular will , and hasten the period of perfect popular supremacy .

      In France , the democratic cause has received an impetus from the exposure of the abominable crimes and vices engendered by the existing system . Hypocrisy on the throne , profligacy in the legislature , licentiousness in the press and demoralisation of all , save the proletarian classes , are the necessary consequences of that fatal step taken by France at the close of the heroic ' combat of'July . ' All men see that revolution is now necessary for the political regeneration and social salvation of France . And all honest Frenchmen must see that no revolution can benefit the people , remove present evils , and prevent their repetition in the future , but such as shall have for its basis the actual Sovereignty of the People , and for its end the continual progression of the

      masses , and the gradual , but certain extirpation of inequality . The assembling of the long-promised diet of the states of the Prussian kingdom forms an epoch in that country ' s history . Though aristocraticin its composition , the diet was found to be too liberal for the Prussian King ; who , henceforth , will have to contend against the continuous encroachments ef the middle class , who , there , as in Western Europe and America , aim at establishing the sovereignty of their own order . The movement , " however , which most concerns us is that of the German proletarians , who , regarding with indifference the struggles of classes , aim at destroying class-rule altogether by substituting the sovereignty of industry based upon equality of labour and rewards . A nation of thinkers , our

      German brethren search beneath the surface for the origin of social evils , and they believe they have ascertained , both the causes and the necessary remedies . The soul-stirring movements recently commenced in different parts of Europe , may change thinkers into actors , in which case , we have reason to hope for s weeping changes and veritable reforms in the political and social organisation of Germany . Spain ia still the theatre of monarchical follies , courtly intrigues , and military violence ; A favourable reaction has , however , commenced , and if Spain ' s honest men were vigorous , or her vigorous sons honest , present opportunities might be turned to good account . We hope , but fear , for Spain . Although the movements of parties in Portugal

      have hitherto beeen very similar in their progress and results to the party movements in the sister country , yet , the insurrection which was this year quelled by . the intervention of the governments ef England , France , and Spain , promised the dawn of a better order of things . The brute force of exterior powers extinguished the hope engendered by that insurrection . With success within their reach the prize of victory was snatched from the insurgents , and Portugal again handed over to the tender mercies of its most faithless Queen , and the greedy and unscrupulous adventurers who range themselves under her banner . The violation of the independence of Portugal far the purpose of perpetuating monarchical despotism , calls for the execration of the nations against the intervening-powers , but principally against the British government , because really the most culpable , and . therefore , to be held

      responsible for the crimes and miseries which have already resulted , and must continue to flow . from that most unjustifiable and impolitic intervention . . The contest between the people and their plunderers and oppressors , though for a moment suspended , will ero long be renewed more fiercely than e v . er . Greece is a prey to all the evils which flow from a combination of despotism with anarchy . The natural results of the imposition by the great powers of an idiotic king upon the Greeks , a monarch who knew not the genius of the people , and who , instead of festering the tree of liberty ,, has unceasingly laboured to hew down its fair branches , and destroy its life-giving roots . If the land of Leonidas andAristides yet gives birth to men who have something of the spirit and blood of their illustrious sires , in their souls and in their veins , the present infamous state of things cannot he endured much longer . ;'

      In the north of Europe , Democratic principles are slowly and silently , but surely advancing , and we venture to hope that the fraternity of the Scandinavian nations—a » important step towards universal fraternity—is not far distant . The attempt to extinguish the last spark of Polish nationality , by the seizure of the Republic of Cracow and its confiscation to ' Austria , was met by one universal shout of popular execration throughout Europe . Even those * organised hypocrisies , ' the ^ governments of France and England were constrained by the force of public opinion to ' protest' against that gross -violation of natural right and diplomatic law . The circumstances which ' nave accompanied the many assassinations of Polish patriots in the

      provinces-robbed from ancient Poland- by , Russia and Austria , prove the impotence of the attempts . to extinguish the life of Poland , and proclaim the undying devotion of her sons . The recent martyrdoin . of Wiszniewski and Kapuscinski at Lemberg afforded a triumphant refutation of the calumny propagated by Mbttebsich and his hireling assassins , that the people of Gallicia were opposed to the hopes and aims of their patriotic countrymen . The state trials of which Berlin is at this moment the theatre , exhibit not merely the patriotism of the Poles of the provinces wrung from Poland by Prussia , but are also affording bright examples of brotherly

      svmpatby on the part of the Prussian people towards the unfortunate patriots of Pcsen ; an indication of that growing fraternity of sentiment which is fast taking the place of national prejudices . Poland will ere long rise from her ashes , the glory and wonder of Europe . Muscovite despotism in vain strives to plant its iron heel on the free soil of the Caucasus . The birth place of our race is yet free as its mountain winds . The victories of Schamtl and his warriors are hailed with exultation by the nations . Once veritably free , the people of Western Europe would not see the Caucasian hemes struggle alone to guard the independence of their native hills

      . The affairs of Switzerland and Italy ' demand special consideration . , . In Switzerland the citizens of the large cantons , combined with minorities in the small cantons , together constituting an immense majority of the awiss people , demand the expulsion of the Jesuits , the dissolution of the Sonderbund , and the Reform ot the Federal Pact . The Jesuits by their educational influence have used the institutions of Democracy to establish a despotism both spiritual and temporal ol the worst hind . They havi kept alive local

      prejudices to the serious injury of national patriotism . They have excited bitterness and bloodshed and are at this very time busily engaged in fanning the em * bers of civil war . Lucerne the seat of their power is in turn one of the three directing cantons ( the 'Yorort ') of ' . the Confederation , and enjoys alternately with Berne and Zurich the privilege of acting as the Executive authority of the Diet . Under these circumstances to allow the Jesuits to remain installed at Lucerne , is , in fact , to hand over Switzerland to the government of that body fur the space of

      Manifesto Of The, Fraternal Democrats, I...

      * .-1 '" -I ,. . . ¦ ' . . .. . ' . ' " £ «? &! £ in eTerT " *• Tne unequal and unjust eoastftution ? f the DM having prevented theob . toinment of the majority of votes necessary to legally decree the expulsion of the Jesuits , occasioned in tee year . J 845 the expedition against Lucerne br the Free Corps ; that movement ~ failed , but afforded a pretext for the Jesuits to instigate the formation of the Sonderbund ; or separato'Ieague of the seven cantons of Lucerne , Fri-. » "' Schwyts , Uaterwalden , Zug and Le * J ftlM » . v . This league exists for the avowed purpose of . resisting the decrees of the Diet whenever those decreen are disliked by the members of the said ! " ? . ael Jn ? j Sonderbund has constituted itself a distinct Confederation within the circle of the creat

      wmederation formed by the treaty of Vienna . The Diet has decreed the dissolution of this illegal commnation , which order has been met by preparations on the part of the Sonderbund to resist the said decree , by . force ; and , in consequence , civil war appears inevitable . This lamentable state of things is clearly traceable to the absurd and' ruinous ' Pact ? imposed upon Switzerland by the treaty of Vienna , under the operation of which the Diet has been found , to be merely anarenafor the gladiatorial contests of the representatives of local interests , but utterly powerless to provide for the common welfare . The patriots of Switzerland , therefore , demand such a reform of the ' Pact'as while conserving cantonnaltights , shall make Switzerland one for all federal

      and exterior purposes .. This disposition to perfect 4 fce . na tionality of Switzerland , substitute order for anarchy ; and Helvetic patriotism for cahtonnal jealousy , has been met by despotic Austria on the one hand and constitutional France on the other , with an appeal to the treaty of Vienna , to the terms of which they are desirous of holding Switzerland . These ' powers' dreading a strong , ' and united Bepublio in the heart of Europe , have levelled the most insulting menaces against the Swiss people , threatening a war of intervention in the event of that people attempting to remedy the evils of their political organisation . We earnestly hope that the storm of civil war now threatening to burst over Switzerland may pass harmlessly away . Could our

      voices reach the men of the Sonderbund we wonld earnestly urge upon them to turn from the criminal advisers who incite them to arm against their brethren . In thus arming they are . playing the game of Austria , their hereditary enemy . How would William Tell blush to behold the men of Uri . Schwytz , and TJnterwalden , drawing the sword against their Democratic brethren—and aided' in their unholy warfare by that Austrian tyranny he so nobly defied and conquered . As regards Austrian and French intervention we protest agaiast such an act which no circumstances could justify . Such an act should be , and we . trust would be , the' signal , for making the Swiss question an European one , a question between the nations and their oppressors . We

      invoke for the Swiss patriots the sympathy of the patriotic of all lands , believing their cause to be bound up with the general cause of Democratic progress . The outburst of Italian patriotism which the last few months have witnessed , has excited the admiration and the hopes of all the friends of progress . For the first time in the lapse of centuries has the old Roman spirit revived on the shores of the Tiber , and throughout ¦ ' the garden of the world , the home ot all ' ast yields , fair Italy , ' the spirit of fraternity has awakened the desire for union , and the thirst for liberty . Though we do not value at more than their true worth the reforms commenced by the head of the Roman Catholic Church , we yet regard those reforms as important , on account of the enthusiastic

      spirit they have evoked , a spirit , which once aroused will , we are confident , insist upon progressive changes of far greater importance than any tne Pope has yet made , or attempted to make . The insolent and brutal interference of Austria , for the purpose of coercing the . Pope , we regard with the most profound indignation . The forcible occupation ef Ferrara , and the threat held out by Mbiiernich , that Austrian troops shall be marched into all states where National Guards may be established , would justify an immediate declaration of war . on the part of the Italian states against Austria . In the event of such a war , the sympathies of the people would everywhere be on the side of the Italians . But the peoples of Europe , and the governments ef Europe are two

      different parties . The ruling powers of central , eastern , and northern Europe , are either allied with Austria , or are forced to succumb to that , despotism . Of . the two great powers of western Europe , one , the French government , is notoriously allied with Austria ; and the other—the English government—is > s notoriously aristocratic in its elements , and consequently utterly opposed to the march of true liberty . The Italians have nothing to hope from that government which has betrayed , in turn , all nations who looked to France for guidance and aid in their struggles for freedom . The French government will hardly dare , in the teeth of the popular will , to openl y aid Austria in its assault upon the new-born liberties of Italy ,, but that government will do all it

      can by intrigue and fraud , . by exciting false hopes and leading its victims to despair , to . play the game of despotism for the profit of Austria . We say to the Italian patriots , trust not in , hope for nothing at the hands ofthe French government . The government of England is just now affecting to championise Italian liberalism ; but we warn the Italians to put no trust in that government . We bid them remember , that the aristocracy and the middle , class of . England have always been on the side of despotism ; or , at least , when affecting to support liberalism , those classes have imposed upon the . countries they have patronised political systems more thoroughly oppressive than any kind of despotism previous !} existing . The present condition of Greece , Spain , and Portugal , amply proves the truth of this asser * tion . The government of England represents only

      the above-named classes . The Italians cannot have . forgotten the murder of Cabacoioli by Nelson , and the horrors inflicted upon the Neapolitans by British aid and connivance . In 1814 , the British government hoisted in Sicily the banner of ' Italian Independence , ' and gave to the Sicilians a mock constitution ; but when the only object desired by the British government—the destruction of French influence in the Italian peninsula—had been gained , the Sicilians were left to the tender mercies of their despicable King , and the banner on which British agents had inscribed the words— ' The Liberty and Independence of Italy , ' , was torn to shreds by King and Kaiser , Prince and Pontiff , without any attempt being made on the part of the British government to save the Italian people from the vengeance of their despicable governors , and' brutal conquerors .

      The people of Italy must also . remember , that within the past twelve months the existing English administration has basely crouched to Austria in permitting the confiscation of Cracow , and followed up . that . sinpf omission' by ope of commission , in trampling Upon the independence of Portugal ; They will judge of the tree by its 'fruiis-of the British government by its acts . Tbe present English administration affects to support liberalism in Switzerland , in opposition to the French government , for the purpose of avenging its defeat in the matter of the Spanish marriages . The same course is adopted towards Italy , partly for the same reason and partly for an an object long entertained by the English government . That govern * ment finding the priesthood of the Irish Catholic

      Church constantly arrayed on the side of the disaffected , has long desired to re-open relations with the ¦ c ourt of Rome for the purpose of influencing the Papal power to direct its thunders against Irish sedition , and ' cause the Irish priests to become the agents of the English government , instead of , ' heretofore , the defenders of the liberties and interests of the Irish people . With that view an informally delegated diplomatist isnowon his way from England to Rome . We warn the Italians against trusting to English , any more , than to French aid . They have the sympathies of and will undoubtedly have all the aid that can be afforded them by the peoples , but let them not hope for aught of good at the hands of foreign governments . > ' In native swords and native ranks , The' only hope of freedom dwells , '

      'Put not your trust in princes , ' was the advice given by one of old , who belonged to , and therefore , knew that class . We confess we do not share in the expectations apparently entertained by shallowminded observers of passing events , who anticipate that Charles-Albert of Sardinia , or Leopold of Tuscany , is likely to act as champion of Italian freedom . As to the Sardinian monarch , he was in his youth a betrayer of the liberal principles he professed to have espoused , and always a waverer—is not likely athis present age to redeem tbe sins ofhis youth . It is quite in character for him to vapour against Austria one day , and the next day hasten to repress the

      popular enthusiasm excited by his own words , lhe projected constitution of the Tuscan National Guard shows that ' tlM Duke , with alibis affected enthusiasm , is in reality afraid of the popular power which he Srofisses to so greatly respect . The flight of that anus-faced coward , the Duke of Lucca , with his disavowal of all the concessions he had made , when once away from his subjects ' , and personally safe in tbe Austrian camp , ntay be regarded as an indication of the ceurse which the princes of Italy may be expected to generally pursue . The cold-blooded butcheries enacted at Reggio and Messina , and the war of extermination at present carried on in Calabria against

      His Own People, By That Combination Of T...

      his own people , by that combination of tyrant , fool , and bigot , the King of Naples , is another proof of what may be expected by the friends of freedom at the hands of royalty , and should induce them to swear ' no truce with kings . ' We regret to bbsevo that even the Pope has damaged his power by very ill-adviredly seeking to restrain the popular indignation naturally directed against Austria . We trust that the Pope does not require to be taught the lesson so oft repeated in history , that' they who make half revolutions , but dig graves for themselves . ' His , mission ; if he be

      equal to it , must win for him immortal glory . But his only dependence must be on his people . Let him net hope to conciliate Austria . by temporising . Let him not look for a solution of the difficulties besetting his position from the help of foreign governments , near or far . Let him throw himself wholly upon the Roman pesple , and then he may triumphantly ride the whirlwind and direct the storm . ' Good intentions never yet saved a man or a state . Energy is the virtue of virtues , in Reformers . Ternporwers do more mischief to the cause of progress than can be done by the efforts ef its avowed enemies

      . ; To the Italian . people , we say , fling to the winds your petty prejudices and local predeliotions . Consider yourselves one people and rally round one banner—tbe banner of fraternity . At- the same time , in struggling for the unity and independence of Italy , make' sure that in ' , ' relieving your rulers from Austrian- domination- you make them responsible to yourselves . The substitution of ' an . independent Italian despotism in

      the place of Austrian domination , would be but poor compensation for all the sacrifices which a struggle for such independence must entail upon you . -The name of nationality is but a poor substitute'for freedom ; the name of Liberty inscribed upon a banner is not Liberty . That greatest earthly good is not a shadow or a phrase , it is a living reality which must exist in the institutions of a state , and give evidence of its vitality in the 'happy homes and altars free ' of'men who know their rights , and , knowing dare maintain them . ' v ¦' "

      The time is coming when interchange of sentiment must lead tea closer union of the nations . Might not that time be hastened by a fraternal delegation of the several popular parties in the several nations of Europe , who , whatever , dfferences divide . them upon many important political and social questions , nevertheless agree in recognising THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE as the principal article of their political faith ? There have been cgferesses of kings , why not a CONGRESS OF NATIONS ? Brussels has recently been the scene of assemblages of Free Traders and Penal Law Reformers , cannot the Democratic parties of the several European nations agree to their delegates meeting in like manner , for tbe noble purpose of promoting the work of human brotherhood , and affording mutual aid in theglorious work of human progression ? - . We implore the friends of democracy seriously to consider these questions .

      To the people of Great Britain and Ireland , in the midst of whom this society is located , we earnestly appeal in behalf of the democratic cause at this moment menaced , in Switzerland and Italy . We invite the activeand leading friends of progress in this country , in France , Germany . ' Italy , Switzerland , the European nations generally , aid the United ^ States of America , to co-operate with us , b y becoming members of our association , and thus assist us to advance the cause of DEMOCRACY and promote THE FRATERNITY OF NATIONS . Signed on behalf of the Society : — Committee * Ernest Jokes , " Native of Great Britain . Thomas Clabe , N . of Great Britain ; . . Philip M'Grath , « N . of Great Britain . Christopher Dotls , N . of Great Britain . William Dixon , " N . of Great Britain .

      ' ¦ Secretaries . G . Julian Harnbt , , ' N . of Great Britain . Jean Auguctjh Michelot , N . of France . Cabl Schappeb , . N . of Germany . Peter IIolm , N . of Scandinavia . — - Schabelitz , N . of Switzerland . Lodis Oborbki , N . of Poland . London , September 22 nd , 1847 . fr Persons in England , er elsewhere , wishing to become members of the above society , are requested to forward their names , < bo .. to G . Julian Harney , Northern Star office , 16 , Great Windmill-street , Haycarket , London . , CS * The country members are charged to make the above address known as widely . as possible . The Monthly MebtiKo of the Fraternal Democrats will take place on Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock . .. at the German Hall , White-Hart , Drury-lane . Important business will be brought before the meeting ... ...

      •Srhpitht Fob Itiix. — At A Meeting Held...

      • SrHPiTHT fob Itiix . — At a meeting held on Tuesday evening , at the Globe and Friends , Morgan-street , CommerciaUroad , cast , tbe subjectof Poland end Italy was introduced-by Messrs Luke , King , and Shaw , when severalpersons took part in the discussion that ensued , in the course ^ of which , a deep feeling ef disgust and abhorrence manifested itself-at ; the ^ demon-like atrocities of tbe Russian autocrat , - and the tyranny ef the despot of Austria ; and one of fraternal sympathy for onr patriotic brethren , the Polls , tl 5 e Pope , and tbe brave men of Italy . Mr J . Shaw moved , and Mr Docksey seconded , ' That in order to give public expression to our sympathy with the virtuous and liberty loving Pope , Plus IX . it is the opinion of this meeting , that a great

      demonstratioh in favour of freedom , be got up in the Tower Hamlets ; for which purpose the Eastern Institution be engaged for Wednesday , October 13 th , and we hereby earnestly solicit the co-operation of Democratic brethren of all nations . to aid us in the good work . ' Mr Ford of Limehouse ^ Mr Kewsome ot the Green Gate , Hackneyroad , and Mr . Lawrence of the Whittington and Cat , severally spoke , on tbeir respective localities , and after Mr Shaw bad read some correspondence with onr friend Ernest'JoaesEsq ., ; tbe resolution was unanimously passed , deputations were appointed , and Messrs Brett and Shaw chosen treasurer and secretary , a collection made for the widow and orphans of the brutally

      murdered Dodson , a'letter , read from MrStallwood , anew Chartist-locality . started , < fec . the meeting broke ) up very sanguine of success . Italian Freedom . —At the weekly meeting of the Chartists of Croydon on Monday evening last , at Loveday ' s ^ Temperance Coffee-house , the following resolution was moved by . T . Frost , and seconded byJWm . Hedges ; : — ' That we , the democrats of Croydon , and-its neighbourhood , regarding all men as our brothers , irrespective of class , colour , country , or oreey , hereby express our sympathy with our Italian brethren , and our best wishes for their unity and independence . . ' - ' ..

      ^At Fdnai Pift Canpm^

      ^ at fdnai pift Canpm ^

      Accrisotoh.—This Branch Has Appointed Th...

      AccRisoTOH . —This branch has appointed the following officers for the next three months : —Greenwood Hartley , secretary ; James Smith , treasurer ; Paul Kilsham , scrutineer ; Henry Barnes and Birket Davis , auditors . Alnwick , —Ata meeting of members of the Land Company , held in the Unitarian Chapel , Alnwick , it was unanimously resolved to form a branch of the above company in this town , when the following officers were chosen : —James Stott , treasurer ; William Thompson , secretary ; Joseph Trone and George Taylor , auditors , The branch will hold

      their next meeting in the same place , on Thursday , the 7 th of October , when a subscription will be entered into for the Sleaford case . BLANDFORD . ~ -The shareholders have passed a resolution , requesting Mr O'Connor to use his endeavours to purchase an estate in Dorsetshire for the Land Company , believing that such a step would be of great advantage to the Land movement . They also hope for a visit from Messrs O'Connor and Jones when on their tour . Birmingham . —At a meeting of the No . Sibranoh , Birmingham district , held at the house of . Mr J . Palmer , 98 , Hill-street , on Wednesday , September 22 . Moved by Mr John Thompson , seconded by Mr John

      Pare , and resolved : — That this branch , deems it a duty to assist in carrying the case of our deceased brother Dodson to the Assizes , at . d thereby , test the justice of an inoffensive man being ushered into another world by one of the peace officers of Sleaford , and that fifteen shillings be forwarded for the above purpose from the local expense fund of this branch , and that one penny extra per member be levied to meet the deficiency . ! " " ! BnADroiJD . —At a meeting of the members of the Natfonal Land Company , hold in the larse room Butterworth-huildings , on Sunday , September 20 th ' the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : —Moved by Mr Smyth , and tecoaded by Mr

      Tophnm—That the members of the Bradford branch , having closely watched the policy and conduct of the Board of Directors , both before the establishment of the Land Company , when members of the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association , and during the period of their acting as a Board of Directors , and finding they have discharged the duties imposed on them faith , fully , honestly , and ts the credit of themselves and the Company , do , therefore , declare our entire approval of their proceedings , andplaee e eatest tfideueein

      thom . ani pledge our « elre » to » upport them to the tf' . mait o ( o" Power iu the discharge of their dntlesii ? -. « That the Secretary do forward the resolution to the Directors , and to the ;« N orthern Stta' tor insertion . That the , hanks of tbi » meeting are due to the ' WbUtler attbePJoDsfa . ' oiiiAri » i . » M » jj-i .- j jthorn , and pledge ourselves to support them to " the tf . mait . of our power in the discharge of their duties . i ? -, ¦ That the Secretary do forward the resolution to the Directors , and to the ; « Northern Star * tor insertion . That the . hanks of this meeting are due to the ' Whistler at tbe Plough , ' otherwise the discharged dra . goon for drawing his rusty sword in pretended sympathy for the psople , inasmuch as ho has caused an ihquirj which has occasioned a great acemloti . of members tstbe Land Company , and has induced the local prat to report ear proceedings . ¦ ' ' !

      The members of the Land Company meet' on Sundays , at two o ' clock in the afternoon ; on Mondays , at seven o'clock in tbe evening . The room is open every day in the week as a news-room . Babsslrt . —According to announcement Mr Jobs West delivered aleeturb last Thursday night , iu the Odd Fellows' Hall , on the glorious prospects of the Land Compauy , as well as the beneficial results that will accrue to the working people of this country by placing all their disposable funds in the Land and Labour Bank . A resolution was passed approving of the Bank , and calling upon all societies to ledge their money therein . On Friday Mr V ^ est was invited to a public dinner , by his Barnsley friends , at Mr George Utley ' s , when a most sumptuous repast was served up , and a very happy evening was spent . Bilstoh . —On Sunday , the 25 th of September , a meeting washeld in the house of Mr T . Linney , for . the purpose of reading the 'Star , ' which is to te ^ continued every Sunday' evening , together with other useful and instructive works . The nrosrectus

      of the National Benefit Society was read , and a meeting called for Tuesday night to form a branch at this house . Gorbibob . —This branch held a public meeting oh Saturday evening , which was addressed by Hugh Gillis , ( chairman , ) and Robert Scott . Several new members were enrolled . Carlton . — The members of this branch have opened a subscription , to remain open tor four months , in aid of Mr Dodson ' s widow . Grovdos . —On Monday evening last , the following resolution was proposed by Mr Frost , seconded by Mr

      Baxter , and carried unanimously : — 'That j the decision of Mr T . Clark , that a man and his wife may hold four shares each , and have their names placed on a family ticket in the ballot , is utterly at variance with the true principles . of agrarian' justice , withthftOKproBocdopiiiiouiurMtiFeargus O'Connor , and with the rules of the Company . ' . Carlisle . —At the quarterly meeting of the above branch ef the Land Cempany , William Blythein the chair , the following resslution , moved by John Gilbertson , and seconded by Joseph Cook , was passed Unanimously . —

      That we deeply sympathise with the bereaved widow and friends of tbe late William Sodson , of Sleaford , and we pledge oursiilves to contribute our share of the ex * pense necessary to bring the miscreant to justice , who could so far exceed his duty , and act in such a violent manner as to deprive a fellow creature of life , a wife of an affectienate husband , and tbe Land Company of a respected officer . We cannot help but contrast the conduct of the Sleaford authorities with those of Carlisle on a former occasion , under similar circumstances . During the election of 1841 for this borough , some disturbance took place , which ended Jn a man being killed , through a blow . received on his head . The person accused of striking the blow was tried for wilful murder , found guilty of manslaughter , and transported for fiiteen years ; but perhaps the reason for the difference in the treatment of the guilty

      parties may be discovered in the fact , that the person killed here , was a policeman ; whereas the killer at Sleaford was a policeman . We hope that the mem * bers of the Land Cempany throughout the country , will show that they think as much of one another , as the magistrates think of policemen , and furnish the means requisite to take the case to the assizes . The auditors gave in their report , expressive of the satisfaction felt at the manner in which they found tbe accounts ; hoping at the same time that those members who are in arrears with their local levies will come forward and pay them , The scrutineer , treasurer , and secretary , were re-elected ; Robert Gaddes and James Heaton appointed auditors for the next six months , and James Lightbody and Ni cholas Fish , committee .

      Cripplegate . —At the usual weekly meeting of this branch , resolutions were passed condemning the conduct ot the Sleaford magistrates , and a vote of thanks was awarded to Ernest Jones , Esq ., and a subscription was entered into towards bringing the killer of Dodson to justice and aiding the widow , Dumbee . — The Dundee Chartists and Land shareholders ' have passed a resolution , expressing their joy at tbe prospect of the speedy visit efMr O'Connor and Mr E . Jones , to whom a hearty Scotch welcome will be given .

      Da M'Douall ' s Tour in Wales . —Dr M'Douall will visit tbe following places during the ensuing week : —Cardiff , October 4 th ; Newbridge , the 5 th ; MerthyrTydvil , 6 th , ( where the splendid long room of the Angel Hotel has been engaged . ) Dr M'Douall will then proceed to Dowlais on the 7 th , ( the long room of the Plough Inn is engaged for him . ) Thence to -Tredegar , 8 th ; Newport , 9 th . I shall feel much obliged if the , friends at-Newport ' will inform me as goon , as possible whether Chepstow or . Monmautb . is the best place for the doctor to proceed to from Newport ? As he will be taking an easterly course , I extremely regret that I have no authority to arrange for his visiting towns ; west of Merthyr . Address : D . B . Morgan , Maltmill-square , Merthyr Tydvil .

      DDEBHHEiD , —The quarterly , report of this branch is in preparation and will be submitted to the members . Elland . —On Tuesday evening , a public meeting , was held at Mr Daniel Marsden ' s , Forresters' Arms Inn , which was addressed by Mr Bawden , of Halifax , on ' The Government , the Land , and the People . ' The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr Ambrose 'f omlinson , of Manchester . A number of new members were enrolled . Hull . —Mr West will deliver a lecture in the White Harfc room , Salthouse- ! ane , on Sunday evening next . Subject .: 'The Land and the Charter . ' Doors open at half-past six o ' clock . The shareholders will meet on Tuesday evening , October 5 th ,

      at the Ship Inn , Church-lane ( instead ot Monday , the 4 th ) , at half-past seven o'clock . N . B . The quarterly levies are due on thatnight . Hbddersfibld . —At the meeting of the member of the National Land Company , on Tuesday evening , Sept . 28 tb , the observations of Mr O'Connor in last week ' s Star , respecting certain individualsin London , who are endeavouring to break the publics confidence in the present directors , and wbo are preferring certain charges against them , having been read , it was resolved , —' That it is the opinion of this meeting , if the members of the National Land Company suffer every disappointed individual to call upon the directors to answer charges which they

      may bring against them , that the Company , from such undermining work , cannot remain long in the proud position which it at present occupies ; and that we , the members in the HuddersfieJd district , have every confidence in the discretion of the present directors , and request the publication of the names of parties endeavouring to cause a split in our ranks , that we may distinguish our friends from our foes . ' The next meeting will be held on Saturday , October 9 th , when a full attendance is requested , as it will be proposed to establish a Money Club in connexion with the Land Company ; and , as it will be the last meeting night previous to tbe next ballot , parties desirous of being eligible must pay up their subscriptions and local levies . Lbicbstsb . —On Thursday , September 23 rd , the Shaksperean branch of the National Land Company

      held their tea party at Mr : Biggs ' , King George the Third , Abbey-street . Mr Stodd in the ; hair . After tea , the chairman having made a few remarks on the object of the meeting , to ? congratulate the men of Nottingham for choosing Mr O'Connor to be their representative in Parliament , and having briefly noticed the prosperity of the Company , called on all presdnt to join in the favourite song , called ' Rally round him again and again . ' A call to which all heartily responded . The merry party continued their conviviality till a late hour when they broke up , hoping that it would not be the last time they would meet on such an occasion . Notice—Tbe quarterly meeting of the above branch will be held at Mr Biggs ' , King George lhe- Third , Abbey-street , at six o ' clock on Sunday evening , October 3 rd , when important business will be brought reforethem .

      Martlhbonb . —On Sunday last , Mr Pall opened our room for the winter season with a lecture on the ' Currency Question . ' The discussion was adjourned till Sunday , October 3 rd , at eight o ' clock . The members of the Land Company will meet at six o ' clock , at the same place , Coach-painters' Arms , Circus-street , New-road . PoRiBEA .--The shareholders are willing to cooperate with the fnends at Southampton , and other places , in carrying out the suggestion of Mr Sidaway , in holding a delegate meeting at Southampton , on the fourth Sunday in October . V 7 e take this opportunity to state that the members of this branch mee , t every Tuesday eveniue . at the Rose and Crown .

      tumborland-street , Portsea , at eight o ' clock . RoiHKRHAU . -We had a mosteloquent , clear , and lucid exposition of the National Land Scheme , on Wednesday , 22 n'd of September , from Mr John West , m the Court House . Mr J . Goathard , a fifty acre farmer , occupied the chair , and bore testimony to the truth of the Land not being half-cultivated , generally . , He ( the chairman , ) believed that if he had only half the quantitv of land , and was to expend the same amount of capital and labour upon it , he should have as much profit . Votes of thanks having been passed to the chairman , lecturer , and to the magistrate for granting the use of the Court House the meeting broke np evidently much satisfied with what thehad heard .

      y , ,, .. ... Reading . —At the usual weekly meeting of the members ef the above branch , Mr Gibson in the choir , after tbe letters of Mr O'Connor had been read , MrG . W . Wheeler being present , addressed the members on the progress of the Land Company and the Six Points of the Charter , which elicited marks of approval from all present . After a vote of thank to Mr Wheeler , several took cards of membership of the Charter Association , Several also took share in the Land Company .

      \ X R

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 2, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_02101847/page/1/