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    Thja description is subsequently corroborated by , tj ^ & f tatement that the general consumption throughput Switzefl ^^ is considerably greater , in proportion to its population , t | iaj \ that of acij lother European country ! A calculation of the proportional quantity of animal food consumed daily in Geneva-gives rather more tlran double the quantity consumed in Parisian

    average of ei g ht years being taken . Thus , 3 * 3 oqnoea J > gr individual daily , is the computation for Paris , and ' 6 * 65 for Geneva ; and the proportional consumption of wine In Geneva is double that of Paris . ( See Report , p . 99 ) . Another estimate of the condition of the population rnay be derivfed / frdjih the universality of education . We may refer , as a fair specimen of the whole , to the Education Report of the Canto *! of

    Thufgovia for 1834 . This document shows that one-fiftW tof the whole population of that canton is enrolled in the * elementary schools- A note by Dr Bowring exhibits a lametttable contract in the condition of Ireland , where , in 1821 , the number of children in the schools was only one in seveivteeA oftfoe entire population , ,, «} ^ TJiese are the natural fruits of a system of commercial ;

    freedom . Amongst the numerous evils that attend an opposite * , or restrictive system , we must never forget the demoraliaipg ^ ff ^ ct of smuggling ( demoralizing because practised in defj ^ j > Q £ of thel ^ ws , and thus believed to be in itself , and apart from consequences , a serious crime ) which is the necessary result of that opposite system . Nothing can be a $ trpugejr pfQof

    that it is quite impossible-to destroy the contrapaaq , Jrade so lorjg ^ as there is a Preventive service to act as a Crjeqftiye , than the following statistical account of smuggling qij the French frontier , for which we refer to Dr Bownng ' s , rejK > rt as OU * authority . ,,. - , ;* The regular charge for smuggling through the three lines pf Freocli Custom-houses , is from 25 to 30 per cent . The rififc in

    not very great , and violence is not common of late yefrrs , ag the art is rather to evade than to overpower the custom-house officers . It is no longer safe to bribe them , in consequence of strict regulations recently adopted ; but smuggling does not decrease in the least degree . In one district , Dr Bowri , ag- w ; a » informed there was not a single inhabitant who was not titiher a smuegier or a Custom-house officer ! The choice waft ? Ho

    doubt , a matter of accident . The active smugglers redeivetshc francs a night , and their food . They are under the rrwm «( 3 » e meitt of the entrtprenVHr , as he is called , who is T&tipdtitiAbtef&r the vaftie bf th > property his subordinates are doiWe ^ ih ^ tc | l !( ts des ' tiiiatiofi . If the jDroperty be seized , the ttten get ' P ^ JWj » and have to suffer the personal punishment ^ Uoii ^ a oy ^ ih ^ Yi . W as their share of the bad luck . They carry on their profession

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    Commercial Freedom * # 17

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Dec. 2, 1836, page 737, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2664/page/21/