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Leader (1850-1860), 10th November 1860, Edition 1 of 2, Page 934, Untitled Article

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      In either case the result has been satisfactory ; either the land forces unaided have gained a signal triumph , or else the French interference , it ever made , has been withdrawn . As the week opened the probabihcy oertainly was that French interference had taken place at first . -With regard to the voting on annexation , instalments had come in from time to time in . favour of union with Sardinia . It deserves to be ^ noticed that at Yiterbo the voting was in favour of annexation , despite the prer sence of the Pope ' s body-guard of French soldiers . The final result m the kingdom of Naples was , ayes , 1 , 310 , 200 ; noes , 10 , 012 . In our number of the 25 thOctoberwe insisted that if a people have the right

      . , to manage their own affairs as they please , not as some other State or some particular family may choose to dictate , they have the inclusive right of calling in another people to help them . Wo aro glad to see that in Lord John Russell ' s despatch to our minister at Turin , dated the 27 th October , the " same view is taken . Lord John Kussell quotes Tattel to the effect that " when a people for good reasons take up arms against an oppressor , it is but an act of justice to assist brave men in the defence of their liberties . " And be it remembered that " an oppressor " is simply the agent ( whether a dynasty , an oligarchy , or an individual usurper , ) who seeks to prevent a people from disposing ol

      themselves as they choose , who stands in the way of self-government , and that " the liberties " alluded to can mean nothing but the right of a people to be governed how arid in what way they choose , and to dispose of themselves as they please . Lord John Russell , therefore , emphatically says in the document before us , " that the Italians themselves are the best judges of their own interests . " Various were the views that were expressed as the week opened , in reference to Lord John Russell ' s Italian despatch of the 27 th Oct ., one party hailing it with poaans of delight as a great State document in favour of liberalism , another " throwing cold water" upon it , as the production of a timeserving trimmer , " ever strong upon the stronger side . " The Times ( though it does not use the simile ) evidently thinks that Lord John Russell is one of those " patrons" described by Johnson in his letter to Lord Chesterfield , who stand byy passive

      speculators of a drowning man , and when he has reached the shore , encumber him with help ; while the Post seems to think that , for the Times to write in this way , is something like Mr . Pot reproaching Mr . Kettle for sableness of hue . But admitting this were so , it does not take the sting but of the Times' remarks , merely to show that it is charging its own sin upon others , if those others really have sinned in the same direction . There may be six of one to half a dozen of the other . Let us hope that in his epistolary compositions , that " complete modern letteivwritter , " Lord J . Russell , will mind his p's and q ' s better for the future . In our article above referred to , we suggested the precedent of "William the 3 rd , which Lord John ,, who has the whole British Constitution , at his fingers' ends , has , as we have seen , pressed into the service of the Italians , with no less a person than Vattel for

      the voucher of its orthodoxy . After the " total rout of the Bourbon army " on the Volturno , there was a hiatus in the Italian news , except an account of the meeting of Gf-aribaldi and Victor Emmanuel ^ at which the . man who has done all , salutes the man who has done next to nothing , as the '' King of Italy . " Strange , that the mere factitious prestige of accidental rank and position should reverse the natural order of things , and place the royalty of genius below mere conventional authority . At mid-week we learned from Turin that the returns received of the voting inUmibria and the Marches g ive very satisfactory results . Perfect order and enthusiasm prevailed everywhere . From . Sessa the latest advices stated that a large body of Bourbon troops remained outside the fortress of Gaeta , and that these troops have sent a proposal to surrender to General Fonti . At Rome large quantities pf atores and war material have arrived here for the use of the French

      army , The enrolment of foreigners for the Papal army haa been stopped . Great enthusiasm prevailed in the Marches and Umbria in favour of annexation . Beds for hospitals for the wounded had been Bent from Rome to Francis II . Anarchy reigned in the province of Viterbo . From Naples intelligence has subsequently reached us that there was a sort of pause in the proceeding in consequence of the French Admiral le Tinan having sent home for fresh instructions . Last week closed with conflicting accounts touching the affairs of Italy . It was denied that the Neapolitan camp in the neighbourhood of Gaeta had been bombarded by Admiral Persano , and that the French Admiral , Barbier le Tinan , had compelled him to desist , under pain , of bringing the broadsides of the French fleet to bear upon him .

      There was also a statement made from Rome that the Sardinians , instead of being victors , as the news from Turin afnrmod , had boon beaten at the Garigliano . Wo merely mention those conflicting accounts to show what discrepancies of news the telegrams abound with . In the Official G-axette of Rome a communication has appeared from General Laraorioiere . Aocording to the General ' s statement the Frenoh Government had promised to employ force to resist any attack of the Sardinians upon the States of the Pope . On the other hand , the Frenoh Constitutionnel peremptorily has denied this , and asserts that the words " by force" are an interpolated forgery , and that the Duke . de Grammoat had officially signalized them as Buoh . Here , then , is another conflict of statements whioh it is worth while to point out .

      •• Prior to going to press with this part of our impression , wo received intelligence that a body of 15 , 000 Neapolitan troops , with 4 , 000 hprBes and 82 guns , being pursued by the Sardinians , took refuge in the Papal States atTerraoina . At Oietema their progress was arrested by the Papal and Frenoh authorities , and they will be at onoe disarmed . We also learned from Naples , that King Viotor Emmanuel entered the city at half-past nine o ' clock on " Wednesday morning . An immense crowd of people assembled , notwithstanding the torrents of rain whioh were falling ; and universal joy is manifested . We learn from a Vienna source that the new Hungarian diet is to moot at Presburgh . In the Gorman provinces of Austria , dissatisfaction is rife , especially in the oentros of intelligence , namely , the towns whioh aro the " seats of learning , " and possess universities . The King of Sweden has delivered his speech on closing the session . The passport question , Whioh might well have occupied a prominent plaoe in it ,, was oonwpiowus by its abAenod ; it only tfetftrt tfith the « xoytA will * ' tQAboli » £ thjft nui »* noe .

      The promised communication from Austria , alluded to in our last , has appeared . Count Rechberg has addressed a circular note on the Wai-saw interview to the representatives of Austria abroad . This note states that the object of the interview was to bind more closely the personal and friendly relations of the three Princes present , and to concert the principles for the regulation of their conduct in view of certain eventualities . Count Rechberg , without . entering upon any details as to the nature of the arrangements concluded , announces that a perfect understanding wad established . He , however , makes it clearly understood that non-intervention in the affairs of Italy was agreed upon , and that although anxious to support the principles of order and European equilibrium , the three northern Courts will do nothing which might provolcea war .

      The relations of France and Switzerland are , at this present writing , in pretty much the same stato as when we last wrote . The representative of the former state , de Turgot ,. is not to return , to the latter ; but a charge rf affairs is left to take charge of affairs in his stead . In a free state men are emulous of serving ¦ the'ir country as niembei-3 of its legislature , as in England and America ; but in Spain it is the exemption from such service , not the service itself that is coveted ; at least such is the ostensible inference from the Spanish Congress having exonerated military deputies , who have been rewarded for services in Africa , from being liable to re-election .

      The details of the capture of the Taku forts have reached us . The attack of the Allies commenced on the 12 th of August , and on that day , and the 14 th , desperate fighting took place , which ended in the Tartar army being driven from its positions , and the Allies became masters of the enemies' entrenched camp . On the 17 th a bridge was thrown over the Peiho , in spite of a heavy fire from tlie enemy ; and on the 21 st the forts were carried by assault , after a desperate re sistance on the part of the Tartars . Two hundred and fifty English and two hundred French were either killed or wounded , including an officer . Of the enemy 1000 were killed , their bodies being found in the first fort taken , a general-in-chief being among the number ; tho remaining forts surrendered one after another . The same day the whole country as far as Tien-tsin was in possession of the Allies , who also became masters of G 00 " brass guns of large size and calibre . Tho allied army then took lip its position in echelon along the route pursued bthe ambassadors , who proceeded to meet the Chinese

      Commisy sioners at Tien-tsin in order to open the negotiations . £ o come a little to particulars : the initiative proceeding was an attack upon the Tartar cavalry by a body of the Punjabees and Marines , which eventuated in the capture of the out . er . intrenchmeuts of the enemy , together with the towns of Sin-ho and Tang-koo ; and these successes were followed up by operations being immediately directed against the northern forts . This attack commenced with a vigorous cannonade , which led to a long and desperate contest , the gun-boats coming in shore as near as was practicable , and bombarding and shelling tho place with terrible effect . Under this heavy fire theencmy's largest mngazme was blown up with a tremendous explosipn , spreading havoc and . rum in all directions Still the garrison persisted iri an obstinate defence .

      . until the storming parties who poured upon the shattered defences ot the Chinese , broke into the forts ; and even then the foe continued to resist with desperate resolution , until finally routed and driven out pellmell at the point of tho bayonet . The remainder of the north forts , together with the southern forts and the province of J ? e-cUe-h , fell into the possession of the allies on the 21 st . Quarter appears neither to have been given nor taken . The formidable nature of the fighting , and the losses of the enemy , may be inferred from the report that scarce a dozen of . the Tartar garrison escaped without wounds ; and as mentioned above , the dead found in the forts numbered 1 , 000 . There appear to Have ternuo

      beon what virtually amounted to three battles . Tho cllmency of tho Armstrong gun has received tremendous illustration in tneao conflicts . Earthworks and solid masonry wero ploughed up ana riven in a manner altogether unprecedented ; whole batches of gunners wore literally crushed and smasbod to atoms ; the shells , each ot wiiicii explodes into fifty distinct fragments , mark their track by a distinctly defined lino of havoc , clearing all before them . In our article ) on Oriental Politics , in our number of the 20 th , wo counselled that now wo were in for it , the war should , in mercy to both sides , bo brought to ns speedy a termination as possible ; and that the peace to bo made on aa easv terms ns possible should not be lightly broken , lh p wariB now in

      concluded by one victory . We hope tho poaco will bo maae accoru anco with our suggestions % and that a just and moderate but mm course towards the Chinese will ronderit permanent . A private teiogiana received in advance of tho forthcoming Ovorland Mail , convoys tuo intelligence that when Lord Elgin and Baron Gros , tho - Mglisli ana Fronoh Plenipotoritiaries , should have mot the Chinese Commissioners appointed to negotiate for ponce , the latter did not innko their nppwji anoo . The allies had , thoreforo , dotorn > ined on ro-oommoncmg Jiosu-

      Untitled Article

      934 : The Saturday Analyst and Leader . [ Nov . 10 , I 860

      Entertainments,

      ENTERTAINMENTS , ! entire

      Untitled Article

      Rqvax ENai-xsn Oi » jiKA ..- ^ Foui' operas , three ol Mw > m . oiigi «»* English compositions , and tho other an English version ot an entire foreign work , boBides portions of another foreign work m an ^ ngiwii drees , have to bo recorded as tho porformanoos of tho present wook , namely , Xw « w ,- Vhe Roso of Castile , and The NiffM JDanetn-si JL M Grown XHcmonds , entire , and portions of Trovatore . Those ; P ° «<> anoos bring into requisition , and afford ample aoope for fhe display-ot , c « o varied talents of the brilliant "Pyne and Harrison company , » uSm ° "" by all its new and talented acooBsions , inoluding , in addition to vn » giftod ftrtistes from whose names its designation s « O 1 ' » . V ,, . MiBsos Thirlwnll , Iluddart , anc \ Xefnor , and Madame !« ' «« ' and Messrs . Henry Haigh , G . Kelly , P . Distin , Oorri , WJo U , Alberto Lawronoo , Lyall , A . St . Albyn , Horncastlo , H , Whar on , i" « 0 , Durand . Tho production of Tho Night Dancers , I / odor a lttV ° '" . opora , boing flxod for Saturday , wo cori only notice tho foot wwwp sent number , postponing details till our next . A now bo ot w aotion" has also been inoludod . in the performances of SotuW . entitlod , The Ambusaado , in whioh Mies 01 am Morgan , Madame '^» W » M . Tftndria , theMe 8 » rfl . Payne , &q ,, appear . 9 W ? P < w *«* %£ « Sow utrepgtb , of the cotp ' fa MM * W ? understand that M > . » * " « » » op ^ w m m X 9 h .+ mfo > aw * will bo ehoptly produced .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 10, 1860, page 934, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2373/page/14/