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    Untitled Article

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    HEARTS OP OAK.

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    1)11. WAKDltOP ON TJIB i113ART.*

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    Untitled Article

    resistance ' might be cited . The council of Corsica found thatbetween 1821 and 1850 , there had been 4 , 300 assassinations , and in 1850 , 1851 , 1852 assassinations , or attempts at assassination , had averaged ninety-eight annually , ' . and this in a very small population . The inhabitants shielded assassins , and juries acquitted them on principle . There was only one way of dealing with the pest . The French Emperor instituted a more active gendarmerie , and forbade absolutely the gun and the knife . Now this beneficial exercise of his authority was completely volunteered , and he ought to have the full credit without that carping and cavilling which his acts , whether g-ood or bad , generally meet with at the hands of the English press . Few people , comparatively speaking , even now know of this change . Europe did not call for it . Whether native Corsicans were eternally murdering their cousins from generation to generation , or no , was not a matter of any general consequence , and the French E mperou anight have left the den of blood to itself without the slightest injury to his credit . Perhaps , indeed , the Parisian population and the London fashionables might have been even glad of some further variation of the Freres Corses , many of whom probably would never Lave known of such a thing as the Cbrsican vendetta but for Dumas' novel and the play . What Xot is Napoleon has done has been in the cause of order ami humanity , and from an interest in the native island of his family . The sovereign of the neighbouring island would do well to take some similar measure : At present all the i * ogiies and miscreants of Corsica make their way , if and when they can , into Sardinia , where fire-arms are allowed and used ; -where friends may shoot pheasants , or fiends , peasants , to make use of a careless misprint in a newspaper which once made , unintentionally , a murderer of Sir IipjjERT Peel ( the late ) ; either would do 5 we believe ; for the shooting in Sardinia . England may take a 'hint from the Emperor ' s decision when rampant Irish patriots demand the . unlimited use of the rifle for the fine Irish pisantry . We will not answer for King Mahox , but IiOi T is NvroLEOX would eye such a petition rather strangely , and might possibly even smile at the request . There are other improvements in Corsica of a late date ; not the least , that of fair roads and good diligence travelling ; hut still the French are unpopular , as conquerors and xiiicompromising reformers and disciplinarians are likely to be among the majority with whose old and bad habits they have interfered ; besides the universal detes- ; tation of the Italian races for police , gendarmerie , and meddling-, j whether of French or Austrian importation . . It is said that in some , of the towns the hotelrkeepers can scarcely be induced to furnish the officers of the French detachments with a decent dinner . Much may still be done for Corsica , which is not done as yet , though , perhaps , the island lias more chances now of enlightened huproyemenf ; than has ever fallen to its lot since the Roman Seneca proclaimed it odious . The inhabitants arc represented by modern travellers as still an idle , chesnut-devouring people , with a country naturally fertile , getting from the inhabitants of the neighbouring 1 coast the labour which they cannot be induced to give , or only give i sparingly . Labourers come from Italy in April ,- and return in No- J vcmber , to the number of two or three thousand , carrying back about one hundred francs savings each . The forests and magnificent marble quarries of Corsica are not utilised as they might and ought j to be . At the very highest estimate- not three-tenths of the island ! ¦ are under cultivation of any sort . Mud ) , then , is left to bo done in I the way of development and encouragement of native industry . Enormous duties were very recently , and probably are still paid to France on all imported manufactured articles ; and any manufacturing' spirit which may appear to be taking life in Corsica is rather checked than fostered , This is all bad . The island gives a fine opportunity for detached experiments , which tho French Emim ' . hor might not like to try , in the first instanoo , on natural French territory : lie apparently moans well to the country ; ho now has its |> opulation well in hand , and may do what ho likes with it . As it is , Corsica sooius to bo moro to him than Sardinia is , or Piedmont j was , to Viotoh E . - wMAXvicr ,, !

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    Sept . 29 , 1860 ] The Saturday Analyst and Leader . 831

    Hearts Op Oak.

    HEARTS OP OAK .

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    NOW that English oak iy no longer tho material upon which wo rely for tho strength of our ships , and when other nations aro equalling us both in tho extent of their navies , and tho construction and quality of their vessels , England must depend for her | naval supremacy upon her hearts of oak . Our great rival across j tho channel—for France , though our ally is still our rival in all ! that ^ relates to material progress— -is fast acquiring a largo and efilciont fleet , provided with all tho moat recent improvements in build , rig , machinery , and guns . Every improvement introduced in this country in immediately caught up and adopted by our enterprising- noighbouis . If wo abandon seventy-lours and take to j building 1 small frigates , the observant French mam immediately follows our example . If wo abolis . li tho clumsy paddlo for the screw , ho puts on tho nctow too . When wo ( Uncover an Aii . mstuo . vg or Wixrnvoimr cannon , ho has a similar wonponroady on the shortest notice . Our laut novelty in the way of iron-plated gunboats and Hoating' battorlos , though adopted later by our noiglibour , is in a moro advanced win to ' in the French dockyards than in ouv o \ v ; n ; In iluity ( in all that relates \ o naval architecture the Fronohmun in fairly ' keeping abvoant of us . Wit let us not , on that account , have , any foars for our naval supremacy . In nuyul material France has nove ' r boon fiir behind us at any period of history . There was not much to choose between tho French and English ahips which mot in conmet at Trafalgar , Had Nrasox and tho French Admivul exchanged loots before thoy began tho fight , tho result would certainly huvo uecu tho uamo , toy oven at that period England placed her roliiuieo 1

    ! upon her men and not upon her shi p * . " -England , " said Nelson " expects every man to do his duty . " And because every man did his duty the day was' won . This must always bo the condition of tilings while Englishmen remain what they are— a brave and hardy race , born with a natural genius for maritime pursuits and maritime enterprise . The Gallic cock does not take naturally to the water . It is not his element . He doesn't like it , and he is never comfortable in it . Everything he does , in that situation is done under a disadvantage . On the other hand tho . Englishman is a sort of human duck , who , if he be hatched on the banks of a river , or by the seashore , takes to water at once as his natural element . As Tom Campbell sings of the mariner of England , " His path is o ' er the mountain wave , His home is on the deep . " The first wild dreams of the English youth are about the sea . When Dibdiv was writing his glorious sea song's , and Nelson ' s victories , were electrifying the land , the greatest care of English parents was to keep their sons from running away from home and going to sea . Even now a sailor ' s life has a greater charm for boys of spirit and active disposition than any other pursuit . Every father who has a largo fainily of sons is anxious that one of them " may be a sailor . With the Nobility it is almost a rule that one ¦ member' of the family should be provided with a midshipman ' s commission . The Sovereign herself devotes her ¦ . second--son to the sea , and takes care that he shall be a sailor in real earnest . The naval profession is the only one in which we refuse to tolerate ornamental service . There are plenty of sham captains in . the army , and we trust our best blood and our dearest honour to their incompetence ; but we do not give ships to nominal sailors . The Prixce of "Wales begins his military career as a , full-fledged Goloriel ; but Prince Alfkid , in the navy , must enter as a middy , and work his way up through the regular stages of the . profession . The French . watch ; over their army with the same jealous care , for they feel that the army is their chief power ; and in organization : and military skill the French ariiiy is a fair match for the English I navy . There is no such avniy in the world as the French army , and there is no such navy in the world as the English navy . And this must always be the relative position of the two countries so long' as the two people retain their present habits , tastes , and characteristics . No amount of training will give an Englishman the faculty for military organization which distinguishesthe Frenchman , arid no amount of training will convert Frenchmen into good sailors . Tho soldier and the sailor , like the poet , are born not made . The natural genius for these occupations is not a thing to be acquired in the highest degree by any amount of either habit or exj > erience . If any of the home-keeping' denizens of London are alarmed by the extraordinary naval preparations which Louis Napoleon" ifc said to be making , we would advise them to go . down and take a look at the Imperial yacht which is now lying at DeptfimL As a vessel , she is in every respect a match for our own royal yacht , the '' Victoria and Albert . " But look at her sailors . They have been strolling about our streets for some days past , exciting wonder wherever they have gone . What pretty little fellows they are ! What dandy shirts they wear ; what natty enamelled hats ! How they remind us of ballet girls , dressed out for a hornpipe in a nautical pantomime . Pretty , truly ; but their slender knees are not made to cling to ; i , giddy maintop in a gale . Their delicato fingers are not designed to grasp a rough , tarred rope , and hold on , like grim death , when tho fate .-of the ship and its crew rests upon the strength , the daring , and the rugged skill of one man . There tliey trip alony , a batch of French " able seamen , " looking , at tho host , like the apprentices of nn English war ship . Tho l > iy \ " burly , Juml-iistod British tar , who comes lumbering' down the street , looks as if ho could eat one of them with ease . They aro like a litter of Italian greyhounds by the side of that huge English mastiff . Our rivals , then , whoever they may be , nmy build as many ivoncascd ships as they please . They cannot liuild sailors likvMuuv . In that respect Nature and our insular position will always ij ; iyc us tho advantage , if we only exevoiso the inoxt ordinary vigilance in keeping the material of our fleet up to the requirements and exigencies of tho time .

    1)11. Wakdltop On Tjib I113art.*

    1 ) 11 . WAKDltOP ON TJIB i 113 ART . *

    Untitled Article

    Dl ! i ( JOVJ < J . KliUtf aro entitled to special distinctions , and I ) r . Wardvop ' s claims aro so strong that a new and rcvhettl edition of his work cannot be permitted to pass without special notice . Three important function owo to him their establishment in science . Theso functions aro connected with tho circulation of tho Mood . 1 ( noons that tho muscles , besides being tho organs of active locomotion , powerfully influence tho circulation in tho arteries as well us in tint veins , thus performing tho important olHeo of increasing the quantity of arterial , as well us venous blood , within thu caviller i » l ' the heart . Moreover , tho lungs , as a reservoir , ro ^ uliito Hie supply of blood to tho heart , and % \ nw " prevent congestion within the , heart s cavities ; while tho sub-cutaneous voiiim perform tho ollieu oi n resorvoir , and prevent eoii ^ 'ostion within the pulnioniiry vessel !' . Tho first of these functions tho author lias cleiiuininnl od tho nuisculo-cardiiu !; the second , ' tho puliiio-mrclim '; and the tliinl , the vono-pulmounry function . By these discoveries Un < powers ol medical treatment aro enlarged , and the diseases of tliu heart : tli-Jinned of the fiitnl character generally . hii |*| m ) sc ( I . ^ ^^ " * ~ Ou 7 ho ' ^( ^ a ^ nWNt ^ rnt ^ th' IHnm *;* rftkr // .-. // / , eo ,, lu ial . tj "I ?""""'? the PulmvCurdlac , and t / ui \ Km-l ' nlmu ,, at'H F'i >» l / v , i -. iy . 1 " e « \\ i I op , J , i . A Now Killtlun . unrunilly UovIkoiI , wJUi cuiisMoimMu i \< l . \ U \ > u < , nu < l « . ;<» i'l . m , liclcx . —WUIInm Tliioloy .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 29, 1860, page 831, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2367/page/7/