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    qendarmes . The denial may be true or false , but the necessity for Sngit shows what the feeling of the French soldiers is known to have been . Be this as it may , certain broad facts remam co « fised and undisputed . The Papal Government knew there would be a demonstration and resolved to disperse tlie crowd with armed force No attempt was made to prevent the necessity of violonee or to warn the iuftocerit against iheumng- the p . nv . shrnent inflated on the guiltv . Without any adequate provocation , an attack was made on a niixed and helpless crowd , by the express -orders of the Government . Tn this attack many people were wounded , ami some received fatal injuries . The soldiers who executed these orders and inflicted these injuries , have been praised and rewarded for their conduct , even . bv the "highest" authority nr Rome . The emit , if guilt there be , lies at the doov of the Priest Governors , who have ¦ Jladlv assumed the responsibility . " The lesson given yesterday says the Monde , " has profited , "^ how and to whom , time will show . Hardly I thinki at any rate , to the religion of mercy and forgiveness , or to those who preach its doctrines and" enforce its teachings by such lessons . Trill * , March 31 , 1 SGO . fllHE Prince of Carig ^ an has met with the most ¦ fla ttering recep-- * - tion at all the principal towns on his route from lurin to Florence . At Genoa , the civil and military authorities met him at the station , and accompanied him oh board the Maria Adelaide , which sailed for Leghorn escorted by other vessels . The enthusiasm and cordiality manifested towards the cousin of . the king . ' . were equally intense at Leg-horn . The vessels anchored in- that port all displayed their colours . The ' Eiiglirfh and French ships of war offered homage to the Lieutenant of Tuscany by repeated * alyos / -i > t . artilierv and ' their captains went on board the Marm Adelaide to pay their respects to his Koyal Highness . Along the ^ aiKvay ^ line , from 'Leghorn to Pisa , the populace and the National Guard saluted the Prilice with the liveliest marks of respect . At Florence , every preparation was lnade to give him an imposing reception . From the President of ' tlie-Council of State , clown to the directors of the educational institutions , and . the departmen | al chiefs resident at Florence , all the public authorities of every' grade assembled to " receive him at the railway station , and accompany him to the 1 lttl Palace- Here he received the Councillors of ¦ State and inferior and ; ' municipal authorities , after which lie showed himself to the niunv " thousands assembled in the Piazza Pitti , and was saluted again and acritln with he-rty cheers and warm vivas by tljp rejoicing multitude . Central Italy now enters into a settled and established condition , after so mniiy months of uncertainty and of provisional direction . It co-ooerate . s in forming a State of upwards of eleven millions : ot . inhabitants , is highly privileged as to natural advantages and position , -. production * and climate , and is susceptible ot rapid development in the way of peaceful progress and politu-al greatness . The union of Tuscany anil the 43 miliau provinces with the baidinian kingdom , whiio removing the . danger of that antagonism ¦ wlni-u must almost inevitably have arisen in the course of tune , at the same time strengthens . both their material and intello < -Uuil iorces , . arid furnishes the elements of cohesion between the various peoples . If the union of order and liberty was ever necessary to an v State at anv time , it certainly is-to Italy at the present day . Jhe fallen . Governments have given it serious blow to t lie principle of authority . How could governments so hated and despised by the people . j ail to - inspire contempt for sovereignty , and insubordination to Jill civil rule ? Piedmont alone , during the past twelve years , of a 1 the Italian Governments , has been the one to cause the principles <• order to be respected . Her work is not yet col ft pi v to ; . ' ¦ lie has stiM to proceed with her labour of reconciling ordur with liberty ,, and making liberty subserviont to public order . Wo are m the happy condition of freedom from absolutism , and of having nothing to ( our . from exaggerated ideas of liberty , . cither m theory or m practice . Twelve ? voars' experience of constitutional . rec / intc lias funned tlio political ' habit * of tho Subulpino population , an . l fiiriiJHhoil us with - lisofiil instruction and example for the future . The < lign ) liod deportment of tho Tuscan and Jtimilian Assemblies , the models ol wisUom and moderation ollbred , and tho proofs of s . lf-rostnunt and sellsacrillco unvdo by tho peoplo < if Central Italy during tho pimfr year , show them to bo susceptihle of tho Hume union of freedom and order as onmolvos ; and I doubt not wo shall work harmoniously together under our bolovod Sovereign . Tho excommunication so bug talKed . of is suid to bo already liiu » ched > with tlio usual formality . It is dixentod against tho authors and promoters <>! tho annexation . In this w » v , ' it . embraces a tolerably wido circle . Not . fowur than twelve millioiiH of Itnlinns must bo included in its a . unthomns , and it would be difficult to calculate how many millions in other slates . Piedmont has done its , utmost to prevent LJmbria and tho Mnrehoa from rising . It would have cost infinitely loss effort to K « t , "P ° i demonstration there in favour of union with Piedmont , Hum it has done to avoid such demonstration ; yot tlio Court of Homo hurls her excommunications n » nin « t the power winch has iniulo most oxortion to guarantee the integrity of tho Papal Stoles . Iton . o h » s not tho excuse of hereby or schism U > allege agrainHt Victou Mm-VMVKL . Religion , in fact , hn * nothing to do with- tho q < iost » on j diiroroncoa of faith wo wholly . QBlranged from it . The Komugnoso , nnablo to enduvo the bud govevntrtont of tho Vow , hayo n *\ wl to beroloasod from h \» tomnovnl rule , nnd tho kuipr luifl pivon our to thoir oarneat pravorfl . Tho Popo , lmvin » » o toinpoml waupons with wliioh to protect ' his tompovnl dominions , is obliged to havorecourso ta spiritual arnifl , nnd prostitutes thorn to purposes utterly nntiepirltuiil . Tlio King ' s (^ uvornmont will , I doubt not , bo hilly ocjutU to

    the occasion , prove its strength by its moderation , and still cause its laws to be respected ^ , in spite of the threats and exorbitant pretensions of Rome . I confess to some curiosity and impatience to knovy tlie manner in wliich this lorig-talked ^ of excommunication would be given to ¦ the world . It has been said that it was to be announced in Saint Peter ' s , the church to be hung with black , and that f he pi-esenee of all the religions corporations of the capital of the Catholic world would be invited . I doubt , however , that tilings would be carried to this excess . Such a scene at Rome could not fail to excite the indignation of the populace . At present , the French soldiery are the only suppoi t of . the Pontifical Government , and it would be rather too " inconsistent that they should be called upon to quiet a tumult who . se origin must be ascribed greatly to the encouragement given by Napoleox III . to the peoples of Central Italy . History encourages us to hope for the best . The Italians have cheering domestic examples as to the way in which the thunders of the V . atican liave been received by princes and their subjects . All the Italian Governments , and Venice above . all , as being the nearest to Rome , have utterly despised them , nn . l obtained the support of the people in opposing them . Let the Piedmontese Government put a bold face on the matter , and it will have the nation with it . The people of the Peninsula , for many ages , have hated and despised the Governments which have huihbled themselves to Roine , and , on the other hand , have always been ready to stand by those who ha \ i opposed energetic resistance to the pontifical pretensions , and guarded the rights of the civil power . In the present question , in which the liberty of the people is opposed by the Court of Rome , the excommunication is a weapon as impotent as tlio mercenary i troops called together by that Court . The executioners of Perugia ^ ' and , still more' roceivtly , " of the Jloman City , can have no hope ot ! exciting alarm by their spiritual arms , employed in the service of an anti-national and detesU'd cause . . . . . ; The situation of Nice is at present very deplorable . A very large partv remains faithful to our King , and should . surely merit the . ' sympathy of France on this account , as being- likely to . prove devoted subjects " when circumstances compel them to submit to a change of soverei < ' -ns ; They are , howevei-, exposed ta insult , contumely , and . ; even pei-soiial violence . I . am far from blaming the French Govern ^ ' ment and have no wish to m&ke . it responsible for the violent deeds ; of those -who assume to be its agents , and who , while calling tkemselves Nice . separatists , are known not to be inhabitants , or at least , not natives of Nice . By their tumultuous proceedings , and the offensive and . injurious langunge which they employ they provoke ¦ reactionary tendencies , and endanger violent party collisions , llns : state of thino-s should be put an end to . , It is neither safe n <> r dignified for either the ; French or Piedmontese Government , and it . is raost prejudicial . to the . material interests of the town itself . . JNice i is a Citv ' uhich contain ? n large foreign population , attracted thither ' bv the " salubrity and mildness of tho climate , and who have hitherto enjoyed uninterrupted repose in the midst of a population reiprkably " pacific and obedient to the laws . Now , the aspect ot afbiirs is I totally ' . changed ' , but , I trust , only temporarily . The affairs of Nap les are pursuing the same melancholy course as heretofore A iie . w ministry has been constructed , ' tint no one knows anything of its programme . It-matters little , hdweyeri at ! Naples who the primo minister may be , or what the system ot , - government professed by the ministry . The life and sou ol the . Neapolitan Gov « . rm » CB . t . is the police . It is the police whurhnioyes : all the wheels of the machinery upon which the exercise of justice , by courtesy so called , depends , and which essentially cmlmuuM the policy of ' tho GoveriVment . Aiossa , tlio head of the police m Naples , Mnd MANisrM . o , in Sicily , are oniuipoto . it . Arrests political persecution , aiul discontent , have arrived to huoIi a height that it scorns as if open insurrection iniyht bo looked for from day today . Francis II fronhluj } himself little about this threatc-ning state ot affair * I 3 . it , 4 van if Tie wished to clian - jre hid course , and give some attention to tho wullbuing of his su'bjoot * , lie would ¦ inevt wil ! i no : little difficultv , summndf . d as ho is by Austrian agents and cloriowl "" ' bigots . Tlje ' followiug li «( , obtainod through a high rhamborkin ot , the Court of ' Nuphis , will show how completely tho Court , mill all = the chief advisers of tho king , . are in . tlio hands of the Jesuits , who monopolise c-onfussion in tl « o . kingdom of Naples , and thus , in olloct , direct the policy of thu Governniont ;—Monsignor t * M * iA > , tho con-I ffSRor of tlio king , Geneva ! Aciostino , Colonel bicviuuno , and i Chevalier 55 knon , the kind's . private HocroLanos . iw al « o tli « uiiuwtursl \ IuiU ' 'NA and Sfonz * all confess to Father Coht . v . J lie ijueon Consort conltiKsea to Father Lubtks ! , who cmno from Aquisgrnna on purpose , tho C ,, nto p'Aquim , niut thaCoiito ™ J ™»* ^ J ^ Z Luljano ; the princes and pri . icosso ^ related to tho lung , Oiiioial LaTouk . mid Gouoml « cai < ktta , oaptiun of tho buly guiiw , to Father C ' crci ; Gonoral Feuhaua to Father ok Kora , Go . ior . il djb i Sanoko , prefwst of tho police of tho royal pulacc , and Count Lu dcjm ., !« to Father Viau-antk , finally , tho Princw Bibionano , ' »•«•>«>»;»;• to Fathor Vinci . This li » t U a sufhciont uxphumtion of llio t * tiaordinary protection ucoordod by the Noapol . Uin aovenunont to tho Company of Jbhus , which society onjoys tho taotiou ot all the prisons nnd colleges of tho kingdom . . Hanovkh , April 2 , 180 Q . ! 1 N niY letter of last week I oallod attention to the equivocal tuotics I 1 of tho journals , tho uaknuwlddged organs of tho Wubhiuii or ! Boluvonian propugatuln . The more probable n breach betwoo the ' two groat Wostorn Powers bocomos , the -more rabid are tl use inoudiioimiH liirelings against Entflund , and tlio more benovolontly incHnod toffi ^ lio distinction is bo glaring , tho IUI «« hood bo

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    Aprii 7 , I 860 . ] The deader and Saturday Analyst . 335

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), April 7, 1860, page 334, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2341/page/19/