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    TUB SCHOOLMASTJiUt A.B11QAD.

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    proving the mechanism of which he is a part . Newton , it is said , after he ascertained the great law of attraction , never pronounced the name of the Deity without uncovering his head . Agreeing entirely with Dr . WhatEly , M . Bastiat says : " In proportion as intelligence is supei * ior to matter , so is the social world superior to the woi ^ ld which Newton admired , for the celestial mechanism obeys 3 a \ vs of which it is not conscious . Haw much more reason then liaye we to bow our head before the eternal wisdom , when we ascertain the consequences of the social mechanism ? In it the universal Idea prevails , mens agitat molem ; but in it , moreover , is this extraordinary phenomenon , that every atom is an animated being , endowed ¦ With that marvellous energy , the principle of all morality , of all dignity , of aHprpgress—Libeett , the exclusive attribute of man . " Not endorsing " every word in this passage , believi ng that we are not entitled to say positively that matter is not conscious of the laws it obeys , we quote it as indicating the leading object of M . Bastiat ' s great work . . . His political economy has a much wider scope than the political economy of our writers . It includes all wants , all exertions , and all gratifications , except those which fill the delightful regions of sympathy . At the same time , the principles which prevail in it are few . Want gives birth to exertion , and the gratification is the reward . Want , exertion , and gratification all centre in the individual , and as the exertion is only made to have the gratification , if this be intercepted the reason for making the exertion ceases . This shows the origin , of property , which , as Mr . M / Cullocii says , has a deeper foundation than the law of the land . A parent makes exeiv tions to supply his offspring's wants as well as his own ; . hence property ( not including land ) without the intervention of law , passes from parents to children . But parents and children form a family which has common wants and a common means Of satisfying them . Families form a community , communities make up the whole of human society . As the individual is born in a family or . makes part of a family , so all the individuals of the vace are born in society , and all have a common means of . satisfying wants . Brim in a family in en cannot be otherwise than gregarious . All are subject to simihir wants ., which stimulate exertions common to all . They begin in a family , extend to a community , and from one community to another . We aW thus ^ all . created to help one another , and what is called division of labour shows how the law operates . It is the natural results of man being born in a family . Now observation has taught us that the consequence of the common exertions dictated by common wants , is that a vast abundance of things are produced . which -, an isolated man could riot possibly pi'pduce , and each one now consumes more , or obtains more in a single day , than , by his unaided exertions , he could obtain in ten centuries . Population , however , is continually increasing ; the help : or services of the mass for each individual increases as the mass increases , and so , helping * each other , the power of multiplying enjoyment increases with population . ^ This is another great harmony , the result of painful wants prompting to individual exertion . Throughput society the wants and exertions common to the most distant people lead them , in process of time , b y trade or exchange to serve each other , just as the members of a famity and of a com ? munity serve each other . Their mutual services are every day paid or rewarded by their mutual E xchanges of one commodity—the representative of one service—for another , All , are served ; and remark , that great as is unfortunately the destitution of many individuals in our political societies , from political causes , the poorest beggar , the merest pauper , unless absolutely starved to . death , has more gratifications than any isolated individual , or even than sparsely-scattered savages , can command . Throughout society one design is apparent ; it is carried out in all its payts by similar motives , or one and the same exquisite mechanism . Such iei a brief notice of M . Bastiat ' s principles , and wo are glad to see . , that a translation of his work is announced by Mr . Mukeay . Though the author did not live to complete it , the translation , if reasonably well executed , cannot fail to improve our . political economy . It will enlarge the views both of writers and readers . M . Bastiat's great merit is to substitute man in his dissertations for commodities , and to repi'esent all exchanges to be of services , not merely of money ^—a mere measure of services ; nor' of goods , a mere means of gratification . We doubt , however , whether M . Bastiatms quite true to his own principles , when ho speaks somewhat slightingly of the English philosophers for attending exclusively to wealth . Iftha , t be considered as it ought to be , merely as an index to well being-, in a system so harmonious every single part must be * like any ¦ one bone of un animal in the hands of an Owen , a clue to the whole .

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    rpHK schoolmaster , wo all know , is abroad . The object however , 1 of his peregrinations nt this particular period , is not the destruction of ignorance , but the acquisition of scholars . The pupilhunting season is at its hoighfc . When wo behold a group of young children disporting themselves merrily at some Christmas party , wo look upon thorn with the same feelings of pity as wo watch a bovy of young partridges whirring through the air , on ., homo , late sultry August day . Poor hapless innocents , little do they wot of their impending fato , of the snares that surround their infant footstops . In the ignorance of childhood they never dream that a hundred hungry pedagogues are prowling around them , spoking whom they may devour , that whole columns of Tho Times nro filled with snaros laid for their capture and undoing , and that at this very moment , contracts arc being made with butchers for tuns of

    shinbeef , Latin grammars are being bought wholesale at trade prices , and birch twigs are being collected in the fields , all for their especial benefit . We have heard a great deal of late , about the dignity pf tuition , and the high , moral purport of an educational career . We have had valedictory dinners , congratulatory speeches , enthusiastic letters , elegant articles- in academic journals graced with classical allusions , and to crown all , a serious discussion in the public prints as to the exact degree of moral turpitude of some score of lads some fifteen years ago , and the consequent amount of credit due to the Educational Cajsar who came , and saw , and conquered the Harrovian savages in the year of grace 1844 . The worst , however , that can be said about this demonstration , is that it . 'has something of the " teapot and tempest" character . If , in ' like manner , Our tailor chose to send us a sentimental circular , informing us that he was about to retire from business , and that when he ; first took rip the scissors lie had firmly resolved to lay them down at the expiration of a stated period , following therein the rule which his great predecessor , Stui / tz , had set before himself , but had been prevented by fulfilling by a premature fate : well , we . ' should think the exhibition rather an absurd one . , and if we . did not subscribe to a testimonial to his sartorial merits , we should most confidently expect this gush of sentiment to be followed in a few days by a lawyer ' s letter , asking for an immediate settlement of our small account . Still , in this world , it is always well to look upon the actual as well as the aesthetic view of things . There is a material , and moixetaiy side to the educational question , which " parents or guardians" especially are painfully conscious of . By spine twist . in / . our moral nature , we never hear of " religious , moral , and classical- " -instruction , without thinking of the mystic figures £ s . d ., and a schoolmaster ' s account . Classics stand for pounds , morals are the shillings , and religionpoor religion—is the copper penny . . This base utilitarian view or ours is always confirmed at tliis season of the year by an inspection of the advertising columns in our daily papers .. At first sight , everything seems so -pleasant . We wish that-. we were boys aga . in , to-enjoy the delightful intercourse of one of the thousand happy homes that would then be standing open to receive us . . The royal road has , indeed , been discovered to learning , if not to wealth . Our wonder is no longer how any one acquires knowledge , but liow any one escnpes sioquiring it . We have often thought -that tire " Curiosities of Educational Literature" would form an instructive-volume . The--most wonderful reflection about all these scholastic advertisements is , that- they are intended for the eyes , not-of children , biik-of parents >• ho have been to school themselves , who have been in their own day erammed , iihd bullied , and birched . One would as soon expect a clown to believe in a . transformation scene , as imagine that the father of a family could believe in an establishment which " unites sclTOlastic discipline with the tender nurture of home . Our scepticism cannot , it seems , be generally admitted , or else this class of school advertisements would not ' be inserted ; and , inconsequence , a somewhat Curious light is thrown upon the ' character of the English middle classes , by the kind of announcements which induce them to commit their children to the cafe of strangers . Wo happun to have a copy of a recent Times before _ us ; and merely casting our eyes down the columns of school advertisements , we take two or three at hazard . We have altered the names , not to iiifiiefc an unintentional injury on any particular establishment } but any of our readers may convince themselves that our . extract ** are fair ones , by taking up any paper he likes at this season of the year . " At an established school , in a delightful locality , " we learn that " young gentlemen are boarded , and instructed in the classics and French , with all the branches of tuition calculated to form tho ' nifin pf business / and essential to tho accomplishment of a sound , useful , and commercial education . " The grammar of tho above sentence'is not very correct , and tho phraseology somewhat indistinct ; but then the charge . for all this is only twenty-six guineas a year ; and one reolly cannot expect to have ' eve ' rythingv The next advertiser goes in for cheapness . His terms are £ 20 , ( pounds not guineas ) . His school is highly ' respectable , his grounds are ' spacious , his diet liberal , nnd his instruction " includes the essentials of afirst-rate education . " Balaclava I ^ odge , in spito of its martial name , appeals to the sympathies of mothers . Here , we are delighted to loarri , that " tho pupils en j \» y the benefit of maternal core , as'Mrs . Bushy undertakes tho superintendence of tho domestic arrangements . Constant attention ia paid to health and comfort , and tho oaso and p leasures of home are combined with tho regularity of school lifo . 'V Omuaa informs anxiima parents that " his system of-education ' is emulative , and such as to ensure a desire to improve , without tho dread of correction ; " and also that " omnibuses run three times a day I ' vom the " Gnoon Man and Still , " to within live minuteo * walk ol his academy . " A clergyman who educates a hunted number of gentlemen ' s sons , " has happily a few vacancies , Hi © situation of his school , or rather home , is beautiful , romorkabjy hoalthy , and possosaos advantages rarely to bo met with . A solid education , baaed upon sound religious principles , parental core , and the comforts of homo may be relied on , " Wo ore not surpnaud to observe that this opening is peculiarly recommended to the attention of widows having sons to educate . Wo feel a suspicion too , ot the gentleman who make * " amends for lost time , " andean in hw own fumruatfo " receive a few pupils or introduce a visiting . ttitor , . tor a system , which by tho highest references , wins the inloKwt wl . tho * least willing , securing suoccbh for a proptwud ojtamuiation . Our a « imration , however , is most of all oxoitod by tho wondrous proiiiiHOH o Mi . IIighiplioht Ilraas . tho owner and master of ArundeJ College ,

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    Jan . 14 , I 860 ] The Leader and Saturday Analyst . 39

    Tub Schoolmastjiut A.B11qad.

    TUB SCHOOLMASTJiJB . ABROAD .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 14, 1860, page 39, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2329/page/11/