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    w . T ^ HE Treaty of Zurich , which has this week been ¦ signed , is a worthy successor to the Peace of VUlafranca ; like that measure , it appears unsatisfactory to all parties concerned ; and so far from being a guarantee to the peace of Europe , appears likely only to increase doubt and suspicion as to the motives and policy of the high contracting parties .

    The friends of Italian freedom may in vain examine its clauses to find anything there which may appear confirmatory of Louis Napoleon ' s magnificent promises at the commencement of the late wai \ All that is vouchsafed to the deceived patriots is a recognition of the sovereignty of Victor Emmanuel over the people of Lombardy , in return for which concession the resources of the new State are to be burdened with an enormous debt * though the fortresses , for the construction of which the larger part of that debt was raised , remain in the hands of Austria , to overawe , the infant kingdom ,

    and to form the head-quarters whence at any time a hostile force may be once more poured into the fertile plains of Lombardy . The people of Central Itajy , and their aspirations for a reasonable and constitutional form of government ^ are entirely ignored , unless they are . to be considered in the light of the chattels or appanages of the personal property of the Hapsburg princes . The rights of the Dukes of Tuscany , Modena , and Parma , are , we are told , reserved , notwithstanding the voluntary abdication of those petty tyrants . The two contracting parties are to join their

    efforts for a reform in the administration of tbe States of the Church , which , with their inhabitants , it is proposed to retain under the rule of the wretched old priest , who is termed , in seeming irony , the Vicar of Christ . The treaty takes no note of the present state of Italy , with its well established constitutional Governments administering law and order ; the prosperity and happiness of the Italian nation have-not been deemed subjects worthy of any consideration—all that one high contracting Power has striven for has been to obtain as large concessions as possible to

    forward his own ambitious views , while the object of the rival deapot has been to give up no more than he was compelled . We have yet to loarn what reception the news of the Zurich treaty will meet with in the Italian States , b , ut the accounts of the last week speak of general hopefulness and . enthusiasm throughout victor Emmanuel ' s newly-annexed pjfovmoes . Throughout the whole of these States we learn that the insoourity and lawlessness which prevailed previous to the disappearance of the Grand-Dukes and the Austrian troops have given place to

    tranquillity and order , which appear to be universal . At Parma , Farini is determined that justice shall bo dono upon the miscreants who have brought shame upon the patriotic oause by their brutality \ and it is gratifying to learn that the assassins belong , to a smajl group of red republicans , and meat with no sympathy from the body of the citizens , which , indeed , their previous baa character would prevent . Qn his visit to Genoa , King Viotor Emmanuel hits been received with the most loyal enthusiasm , and has spoken in terms less

    ambiguous and more hopeful than he employed on former occasions . He " doubts not that with resolution , union , and perseverance , the wishes of Italy may be fulfilled . He would , we cannot doubt , rather decide the vexed question in the field , but he hopes that good may even result from diplomacy . Garibaldi , meanwhile , w ith his now compact and disciplined force , watches the frontier of the Romagna in the momentary expectation of a collision with the mercenaries of the Pope—a consummation devoutly wished by the gallant young volunteers that follow the renowned free lance . The successor of St . Peter is pottering over schemes of retribution and fiery chastisement of his wavward children ; and has daily

    interviews at his convenient retreat at Castel Gandolfo with the Ambassador of France . The King of Naples is placing his army upon the war footino' and moving his forces also to the frontier , whether as a mere precautionary measure , or in order to take an active part in favorir of the Holy Father , time perhaps will show . In connexion with the frequent -visits of the Due de Grammont to Pio JNono , it is worthy of remark that the French ruler has refused to receive the deputation from Bologna this week , while those from Tuscany and Parma have been courteously treated and dismissed rejoicing . To th « Tuscans indeed we learn that he reiterated the

    declaration of non-interference which has so often been made ; but as yet the unfortunate Romagnese have nothing more than the prospect of such reform as their loving Sovereign may vouchsafe to them under the com-, bined protection of Austrian and French bayonets . Events at the present time , however , march rapidly , and should Garibaldi be so successful again as he has been before , Victor Emmanuel may , perhaps , resolve to take such decided steps as may occasion one at least of the Zurich clauses to be wiped out of the new treaty . The overland mail brings us news which is

    chiefly of the unsatisfactory kind . Clironic disturbances occur in Central India , and in a recent Smeiute , a valued officer has lost his life . From the frontiers of Nepaul come ever and anon despatches teUing of the plundering forays of the desperate followers of the N " ana Sahib ; it is also now evident that to the lukewarmness or treachery of our ally , Jungh Bahadoor , must we trace the continued evasion of the arch traitor , whose successful defiance of our efforts is undoubtedly doing harm by weakening the prestige of British power . The American minister has reached Pekin and has been well

    received ; the Russians too have long ago exchanged the ratifications of their treaty with China , and it can hardly be doubted that they have acquired groat influence which will hardly bo exerted for the benefit of other European States . It remains foi * England to strike , at once such a blow in vengeance of the bravo , men ' s blood spilt at the Peiho , as shall produoe fear and respect , which alone will restore us to the position wo bold , before . It is to bo hoped that a British force will proceed at once to action , and few Englishmen would bo displeased if our ministers wore to dispense with the 18 , 000 men whioh our faithful ally has promised after Christmas to spare us from Ms overgrown preparations for " peace " or war . These enormous armaments of the French ruler ,

    we may remark , have roused our sluggish authorities ; and our naval and military reports teem with the announcements of new ships > batteries , and arms . Old admirals , too , have rushed intc print , and given advice to those m authority which they will do well to take into then' earnest consideration . . Foremost in our national defences should be considered Englishmen themselves ; and we rejoice to find that the old spirit of the country is reviving ; the volunteers of Britain bid fan- at no distant period to become as numerous and efficient with the rifle and sword bayonet as were

    their gallant ancestors with the bow and bill at Cressy and Agincourt . Companies of well-drilled and stalwart riflemen greeted their Sovereign m martial guise on her homeward journey ; and some of these have already attained such proficiency as to enable veteran officers to declare them fit" for service against any troops in Europe . The great metropolis alone has the disgrace of allowing this national movement to become within its precincts a mere vehicle of civic jobbery and corporation fuss , ending in no result , save that of extracting sovereigns out of honest men ' s pockets . the ol

    An interesting domestic topic is progress the « n-eat ship and the incidents therewith connected . Royalty , in the shape of the Prince Consort , has condescended to inspect her vast proportions ; and the younger Buonaparte has boarded , admired , and " eaten a hearty breakfast" therein . It has not passed without comment that though , the visit of Prince Napoleon was timed to be coincident with that proposed by Queen Victoria , singularly enough , they did not meet ; indeed , her Majesty did not go to the ship at all , nor did her august spouse encounter the imperialist representative .

    , Conspicuous among the speech-makers of the week have been the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the late head of the Admiralty , at the railway directors' dinner on board this said monstrous ship . Gladstone , as usual , was eloquent and Pakington was practical ; the ornate periods of the first coinp-ised a description of the charms of serving one ' s country in England , where , if you do your duty , both queen and nation applaud ; a description of the commercial progress of England , whoso mercantile fnnu Tko nH ^ ihiited to wise legislationand an auriDuteu t irfo ^ « v . —

    ^ . , oreatnoss ne - ^ e . « .- » - » admission that over-taxation prevailed , and must be lightened to the peasant and the artisan . J . ne ex-First Lord waxed warm upon tho injury done to the character of tho House of Commons by recent disclosures of corruption . The vile system of bribery he indignantly denounced as demoral-SiWto tto People and disgraceful to the represenfative system of thc . country . lie alao spoke of the groat iise tho Leviathan would have been to himself and his colleagues during tho mutiny in

    n Aaai n the builders' grievance must be spoken of af rankling , and still unsettled . Thia week , however , hopeful signs really appear—two of the largest nrms have recommenced operations , withdrawing the offensive paper . On the other hand , tl o moil ( oxocpt the paid agitators ) are said to be willing to witl / diw the " nine hours " simulation . The St George ' s-in-the-East scandal has resulted in tho trial of one John . Peterson , yesterday , at the Middlesex session . . The , judge , however , in the exercise of a wise discretion , stopped the oase , and tho prisoner was discharged .

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    —— — "" IIMD . A AND INDIAN PROGRESS- ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE- ggSJSoSlteiiB :. V ::. " ::. " . " :: ! l £ REVIEW OF THE WEEK- The State of India . 1174 France .. • ™™ home intelligence . page Indian Finance 1174 Germany ... ± lou COMMERCIALTL Great e Eaete ™ -: ' ::::::::::: i ^ SSSS ^ ofSSSSS :::::: ii 75 LITERATURE- Uniform Weightsand Measures . 1184 Naval and Military • • • J }« Postscript " 76 NotefJ of the Week ... nsi Money Market and Stock hx-^ I ^ ff v . v . \ v .:::::. \\\* lifo public affairs gg £ BowMl 8 -: ' ::::.::::::::: SS gSSSTt ^' K ^" :: ; ::::::: "J The National Defences ,.. 1160 The Peace of Zurich .... 1177 &enalS Price List of Stocks and Shares .. 1186 Law , Police , and Casualties 1170 Lord Brougham and Social Sci- FINE ARTS— , . , „„ £ * M 7 S ^ lS ^ n > V" * 1180 General Home News ... 1171 ence 1177 Kuskinand the Turner Gallery ... 1183 Joint Stock Companies llbO TheProgressoflnterference .... 1171 The I- ^^^ fe ;; »« MUSIC A * I > THE DEAMA- Gener ^ Commercal News Fo ^ nlnSntT . ' . V . V . V .::::::: 1178 Political Foreshadowing 1179 phi-Asttey ' s 1 MB

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    THE LEAD Ell .

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• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1859, page 1167, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2317/page/3/