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    might answer for a Protestant , would never do for a Catholic country , in which the people are accustomed to o bedience , and that the material prosperity of a people could be founded by a despotic system alone in Spain , as In . France . . \ . Letters from Melilla , on the Riff coast , state that efforts had been made to ransom some Spanish officers taken by the Arabs , or to effect an exchange of prisoners ; bat the Arab chief refused to give up his prisoners unless the cannon taken from him were given back , adding , that in case his demand was not complied with he would shoot his Spanish prisoners in sight of the for-The bridges and embankments of the Seville and Cordova Railway have suffered great damage by the

    late storms and inundations . late storms and inundations . LOMBARDY . Telegraphic news from Milan , which comes through Paris , states that a popular movement has broken out in that city threatening to the Austrian dominions , that insurrectionary cries are heard , and that the Austrian authorities have thought it necessary to patrol the town . A letter from Milan , in the Opinione , says : — " The population complains of the conscription and the new money . Bread and cigars , the objects of the first

    neeesof Albasin , on the Amoot river , in 1680 , ia the war wit ] Russia , and who were removed to Pekin . These boy are taught the Russian language , and any documen coming from Russia is sent to this school to be renderec into . Chinese , as welt as such Russian books or writings which the Emperor of China wishes to be informed o £ . ' According to a decree of the Emperor , the serfs ia the mines held on leases from the State are to be free men in the space of six months . MONACOA correspondent of the Times informs us that during the Russian war—in 1854 or 1855—the needy descendant of the GrimaldU ceded his principality to tha United States . A convention was concluded on the subject between the Washington Government and the Prince

    of Monaco . " The convention was never ratified ^ " saya vay informant , " because some of the European Governments entered a protest against the transaction . " There is reason to believe that General Cass , who was then the representative of the United States at one of the Italian Courts , carried on the negotiations with the Prince and his official advisers- Some years ago the place of rendezvous for the American cruisers in the Mediterranean was Port Mahon , in the Island of Minorca , bat , for some reason which is unknown to me , they received notice from the Spanish Government that their presence was not agreeable . They afterwards went to Spezzia , and while cruising about ia the neighbourhood the ' cute Yankee captains were greatly struck by the " capabilities" of the port of Monaco .

    PORTUGAL . The Count de Pavia , the Portuguese Ambassador in Paris , is at present in London . The Continental Review says : __ " The Belgian papers have announced that he is unwell , but there is reason to believe that his illness is of a political character . The French Government is annoyed at the mode in which the affair of the Charles-et-: Georges has turned out . The French Minister at Lisbon has complained , in the name of his Government , of the

    obnoxious clause in the King ' s speech , and insists upon a note being inserted in the Lisbon official paper to the effect that ' the documents which are to be laid before the Cortes with respect to the whole of that affair will prove that Prance did not use any sort of pressure to induce Portugal to yield . ' His Portuguese Majesty refuses to comply with this second humiliation , and until the affair is settled , it is thought as well that M . do Pavia should pass his leisure time either in London or in Brussels . "

    THE PIU 2 JCIFALITIES . Letters from Bucharest state that on the 28 th an . attempt was made on the person of the Kt ' " ^^ " - A jectile was thrown , but happily nobody was wounded . Advices from the same place of the 25 th ult . state that the 17 th of December is fixed for the close of the electoral lists . A letter from Vienna , however , draws a very unfavourable picture of the state of feeling in the Principalities . The agitation , it is said , caused by the approach of the elections , has lately assumed so alarming a character that the three Kairaakans named by the Sultan have been under the necessity of resorting to rigorous measures to prevent the disturbances which were on tha

    eve of breaking out among the partisans of the different candidates for the post of hospodar . In Moldavia there are no . less than six candidates . The continued presence of the Turkish commissioner at Jassy tends very much to keep up this agitation among the people . The Democratic party claim complete emancipation from all suzerainty , and " the authorities have been obliged to call out the armed force and arrest the most turbulent among them . According to accounts from Vienna , the Austrian Consul-General at Jassy has refused to siga passports issued by the Kaimakanio of Moldavia with the heading of ? ' United Principalities . " There is no doubt , adds the writer , that his Government will approve of what ho has tlouo . /

    HOLLAND . A letter from the Hague states that the Minister for the Colonies has just presented to the Legislature a bill relative to tho emancipation of slaves in the Dutch East India colonies . As by the vote of the Legislature in 1854 these slaves becomo fret ) on the 1 st of January , 18 ( 50 , the present bill ia morely to regulate in time the manner iu which that emancipation is to take place . muuuu ju iiiuvu unit viuuMuijKibiuu la \ , < j iiuivc juui-u .

    DENMARK . The Flunsbuvg Gazette states that great dissatisfaction prevails in Iceland , where the people are desirous of governing themselves . The committee- on finance of the Second Chamber at Copenhagen declares that the time has arrived for according to them the right of managing their own affairs . AUST 1 UA . A Vienna papor contains the following strong remarks ;— " Tlio oppressed nationalities , know that tho French , when In foreign countries , nro arrogant , impu > ( lent , and oppressive , and consequently thoy uro not very likely to dosiro tlioir activn support . Two foreign policy of Franco is essoutially aggressive , for England , lurkoy , Austria , and Portugal have In tlioir turn boon ottackod . Can this state of thlngn Juat ? Jh our ophiiou it cannot , nrnl tho French Government will UimvoU to romombor Hint tho nntloncio of Kiiropo haa nlroudy boon triod to tho utmost . " TJita appeared in an independent liftpor , which JU ft'o . iuontly oniloU to accouut by tUo authorities for

    sity , have undergone a rise in price in consequence of the change of money . People say that after the battle of Novara , it was not a peace that was concluded , but an armistice for ten years , which is about to expire . The preference cigar is that called Cavourino ( from the name of Count Cavour ) , a Sardinian cigar smuggled into the country . The police are Alarmed at these symptoms . Some disorders took place at the School of Fine Arts , which ended iu the expulsion of several pupils . "

    SWITZERLAND . The negotiations entered into between France and Switzerland ou tho subject of the Valley of the Dappes still meet with serious difficulties . The Swiss Federal Government showed itself very well disposed to cede to Franca the territory in question ; and the military authorities of the Confederation have expressed favourable opinions on the subject , but since then the national susceptibilities have found voice , and raise against the projected settlement an opposition which will not easily be put down . This opposition meets with an echo abroad . An article published in the Gazette 3 filitaire of Vienna gives to the Valley of the Dappes a very great strategical importance , not only for the defence of Switzerland , but also for that of Italy .

    SARDINIA . Speaking of Villafranca , a correspondent at Nice writes : —" The very nature of this retired port , with its splendid bay , is calculated to awaken mistrust in others , and inspire mischievous ideas in Russia , even if they do not exist , and if Villafranca has . been really patronised at St . Petersburg with the sole view of facilitating tho movements in the imperial navy . In this out-ofthe-way port , the ships of Russia dispersed over the south might concentrate , with the best prospects of being unpercoived by those powers who have nothing to gain by the extension of Russian influence over the members

    of the Greek Church in these waters . It could not be supposed that the sudden concentration in tho bay of Villafranca of a strong Russian squadron would at the present moment give moderation to tho politicians of the Ionian Isles , pr would improve the relations existing between tha Sultan and Li 3 Greek subjects . Not an objection could bo raised by the most fanatical Russophobe to tho fact of Russian vessels repairing at Villa- * franca , nnd of thus availing themselves of resources otherwiso condemned to decay . But it certainly id desirable , iu tho interest vf all tho great powers save Franco , that tho number of Russian vessels iu tho port should bo subject to restriction . "

    Another letter says : —" The first vessel to euter tho Sardo-Russian port wad tho sloop Pulkan , and sho was soon followed by tho liner RetrUsan and tho brig Castor . Tho rest of the squadron , which will for a time bouudor the command of tho Grand-Duko Constautine , must havo already reached Villnfvanca . According to tho Genoa papers Russia is to boar half the oxpuiise of the fortifications which uro to bo constructed at Spezzia , and in return sho is to bo allowed to keep hor men-ofwar in that port during tho winter season . " Sovon Russian vessels of war were oxpocted to arrive fttNico on tho 21 st or 22 nd hist . According to the Sardinian despatch , those soven ships , with tho two which havo already arrived , are to form a squadron ' for tho protection of tho commercial interests of Kussiu in tho Moilttorrnnaan . "

    A corrospondont of tho Daily News writes from Turin : — " Sir James Hudson , tho Miniator of Queen Victoria , has returned liltluur from Scotland—I bttliovo from a visit nt the induction of Lord Malmosbury . No wan is bettor calculated than Sir James to keep nliyo tho friendship which bhoultl oxist between Groat Britain jind Piedmont , wooing tho grout uoullilonuu wuioU lie insinros In both Govominonlrf . Ho nosaossoa n thorough knowledge of thla country , uiul of the vest of Italy ; and Aw P 0 * 10 Infty 'iftvo-eouvineo ( l yoiu Miniator of Foreign Affairs of tho iiocossity of uttbotuully aiding tho Italian oftuso , If b . o wishes to rcmovo ono of tho ligmxuieut ami

    most perilous causes of an interruption of the peace of Europe . That eminently national party amongst us , of whom I have frequently spoken , and who would desire to see Italy arise gradually by her own strength , turn their eyes always towards England , a power which must regard this design with favour , as one both just and advantageous to all the world , except to ; grasping aggressors . "

    TURKEY . A telegraphic despatch from Belgrade , received in Vienna on the 25 th , announces that the Ottoman Commissioner , Kabouly Effendi , had arrived there the evening before , and had been immediately received iy Prince Alexander . The despatch adds that the garrison of the fortress of Belgrade had been augmented by a battalion of Nizam . It is inferred from this that the Porte does not see without disquietude the convocation of the Skuptechina , or Servian Parliament . Agitation in Candia is said to be increasing , on account of oppression and violence of the Government-The inhabitants are buying arms ajid ammunition . Sami Pasha , fearing a general rising , has applied for fresh reinforcements .

    Government intends increasing the taxes in the whole empire , especially on tobacco , and to establish a tax on landed property . We have news from Constantinople , via Marseilles , to the 24 th of November . It announces that the Sultan had intimated his firm determination to maintain the actual Cabinet , with Blehemet Pasha at the Admiralty . The news from Caudia is bad . The attitude of the population is still threatening . The telegraph from Constantinople to Rodosta is in operation " . BELGIUM . The Belgian Chamber of Representatives has adopted unanimously by sixty-five votes the ensemble of the Imprisonment for Debt Bill , the iinal vote on which , had been postponed .

    The Belgian association for . promoting reforms in the customs duties has just met at Brussels for a fourth time . A resolution was adopted unanimously at the first sitting that it was necessary to continue the most active exertions , by petitioning and agitation , in order to "bring about , even during the present session , the changes which seem imperatively called for .

    THE lOXIASt ISLAXDS . A letter from Corfu of the 23 rd'says ' : —" The Perseverance troopship sailed last evening with the 3 rd Buffs for Alexandria , en rottfe for Calcutta ; their departure from this place was much regretted . The Terrible , with Mr . Gladstone , from Trieste , is expected to-morrow ^ Our island was never so full of English families as this winter , and others are expected . " Advices received from Corfu to the 27 th ult . state that the ten deputies of Corfu have protested against the statement of Sir John Young , thcit the inhabitants of Corfu desire incorporation with Great Britain , and have expressed , at the same time , their desire of being annexed to Greece . This protest has been forwarded to the Colonial Minister , Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton .

    ROME . A letter from Rome says : — " As there are many contradictory reports in circulation respecting the conduct of tho French Government in the Mortura affair , it may be us well to give you some reliable information on the subject . Neither Franco nor any other power has ofiMully intervened in favour of the parents of the boy , but both the Duke do Grarnmont and M . von Thiele ( tho Prussian Minister at the Papal Court ) have endeavoured to persuade Cardinal Autonelli to restore tho child to his natural protectors : The Frencli Ambassador was very urgent , but his eloquence was en pure jwte , for ho could make no impression on the stony heart of tho Roman Minister .

    Five men lately wont m ft carriage to tho railway station at Bologna , at . which thoy alighted , nnd demanded of the ofiiciuls all the cash in tho strong-box . This being politely delivered . to them , thoy re-entered their vohielu with their prize aud drovo off , no one attempting to stoj ) them . Thoy wore masks . Thit ) occurred about two in tho afternoon .

    Russia . Advices from St , Petersburg state that tho Emperor has not ratified tho project of tho commission charged to l'Qgulale tho question for emancipating tho serfs in Poland , on account of its being but Uttlo in accordance with tuu spirit which dictatod the Imperial decroes on tho subject . It is , therefore , presumed that tho rules adopted in tho other parts of tho Russian Empire will be likewise applied to Poland . I » a vocout treaty bctwoon Russia nnd China it ia Htipulated that there shall bo a monthly mail

    communication between Kluohta , ou tho Russian frontier , and Pekin , the communication to bo effected in fifteen days , for tho convonionco of tho two Governments , as woll ns for tho wants of tho Russian ecclesiastical mission at Pokiu . This mission consists of ton persons—novor more—but may bo less , from death or othor causes . They rositlo within tho city of Pekin , noar tho imperial palace j havo a C 1 \ Iuqso guard of honour , but aro unreatrlottul in their movoinonts . Tho Chlncso have a school of twenty-four young men solooted from tho dodooudauts of tho Cossacks made prisoners (\ t tho ennturo

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    y o . 454 , December 4 , 1858 , ] THE LEADER , 1311

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 4, 1858, page 1311, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2271/page/7/