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tion-which has been sent home . by the Indian Government , that the transfer of notes of the Government Four and Five per Cent . Loans be registered in England , and that the interest on all notes so registered be made paj'able by drafts on the Indian Treasuries . In some quarters it is believed that the Council of India coateinplate acceding to the latter portion of therecommendation , but not to the former . The one , however , will inevitably pave the way to the other . The drafts on the Indian Treasuries -would , of course , be readily convertible
It is likewise a fact in favour of the many railways which are projected , and will unexecuted , from the Atlantic shore to California , traversing the Kocky Mountains , from Halifax to English Columbia . These summit levels teach " engineers greater daring : ; and the Alps , Cordilleras and Ghauts , even the hiighty Himalaya itself , win no ' longer be considered bounds to the railwav system The summit of the Northern Bengal Railway , at Darjeeling is as high as tliat of the Copiapo liailway , — Building News . - IsDiAx Loans . —It is known that the Council of India have under serious consideration the
rccommendai-nto cash . here . Investments on English account in tlie Indian local Government loans will doubtless be stimulated as soon as the official announcement shall have been communicated ,, and the prices yf the Government paper in the Indian markets will thus , doubtless , be considerably enhanced . Tho consequent improvement in the credit of the Government in India will be roeo " .-nised as an important advantage , the more especially considering that Great Britain is now virtually liable for the financial engagements of that Government .
FnorosKD Docks ax Bukxiiam . —M . Hawkslmv , C . E ., is at present engaged in laying down a plan for the formation of docks and shipping places at Burn ham , on the Somersetshire coast , opposite Cardiff . Vessels can ran from one place to the other in a single tide , and to save the railway transit from Bristol to Duruham . This is so important an item that a considerable trade is springing up tnere . Land has just been let for an entire new street , the esplanade is being widened , and gas 13 being laid down . The Collikks' Strike in Wi : st Yorkshire . —At Garforth Colliery all the hands have gone in at the 15 per cent , reduction . At Manston Colliery three-fourths of those who struck have resumed : work , at their
employers' terms ; and 011 Wednesday a considerable number went in at the Allertou Colliery . At all the . other places some men are at work , partly colliers and partly top men and common labourers . -Ejectment notices have been served at Wliitwood , Kothwell Ilaigh , aud Stanley Collieries , and -will expire next week . The Bank of Austiuj . — 'Ike Times correspondent at Vienna says in his letter , dated the 9 th : — " In tlie Imperial Ordinance of the SOth of August , 1858 , it was said , that the old notes of lOOOti . were to be withdrawn from circulation by the 30 th of June , 1859 , and the Bank to-day makes known to the public that it is pi eon-red , to give new for old lOOOfl .
notes , at the rate of 105 new florins for 1 U 0 of the old currency . In the Times of the 4 th instant is a telegram from Vienna , in which it is said that the National Bank of Austria has resumed payments in silver at the rate of 103 new for 100 old florins . The resumption of cash payments by the Bank has hitherto been merely nominal , but if there is meaning in tho notice to-day issued by that institution , it has taken a step in tho right direction . It must bo well understood that until this morning the U \ ^ f ^ p a A *^ # # % ^ ^ 0 ¦ —* ** — ^ ' .
^ I' Bank has not taken any of its old notes at the legal rate of 105 . Persons who have succeeded in getting new notes for old ones ut lOOOfl . will liavo " <> difhoultjr In obtaining silver for their paper nt tho hard casli department of tho Bank . Tlie Austrian papers linvo received a hint from tho authorities to refrain from criticising the measures of tho Bank . Tho hint , or rather tho order , is snid to have been given by desire ot the Minister of Finance . Wo learn from . Venice that great excitement prevails there in consequence ot tuo not ¦»
the vine in the colony . " The manufacture of wine , " says ¦ " is increasing in a considerable ratio every year , and ' soon that article will be classed among our leading exports . Our wines improve greatly , both in strength and flavour , by being kept , and next year it is likely some very fine samples will be exported . " The Cloth Trade dt Tuscany-. — The following account of the cloth trade in ^ Tuscany is given by the Annalesdn Commerce Exterieur ;— " The greatest part of the cloths used and sold in Leghorn come from Saxony , Brandenburg , and Silesia , their prices varying , according to quality , from 7 fr . to 14 fr . a metre . A considerable export trade to the Levant , principally of light colours , is carried on . Black cloth is almost the only kind used
in Tuscany . The superior qualities , from 18 fr . to 25 fr . a metre , are imported from France . Kerseymeres and fancy stuffs , to use as a substitute for cloth , are furnished by Belgium and France , but inferior qualities of such articles are manufactured in Tuscany . French cloths are only used in the Grand Duchy by the tailors who , two or three times a year , in order to make purchases , visit Elbeuf , Louviers , ftheims , and Paris , where they also supply themselves with articles for waistcoats and trousers . " The trade with France is , however , seriously injured by the competition of Saxony and Western Prussia , the importation into Tuscany from the first-named country not amounting at the present time to more than l , 200 , 000 fr . a year . Leghorn exports Prussian and Saxon cloths to Egypt , Tunis , and
Morocco , to the amount of about l , 500 , OOOfr . There is also a trade carried on to about the same amount with Constantinople in ready-made articles of clothing , about one-fourth of which are procured from France . It is almost impossible to state , even approximatively , the total amount of the import of cloth , into Tuscany , as no Customs returns are published . They are brought into the Grand Duchy both by sea and land , those intended for home consumption going through the Customs formalities at Florence , Lucca , Pisa , Sienna , &c . Several kinds of foreign cloths have lately entirely disappeared from Tuscan commerce , in consequence of the progressive improvement in the native manufactures , the principal establishments for which are at Porto , Pistojja , and Arezzo . "
Postal Communication to Australia . —The question of steam postal communication has been again discussed , and it is understood that a proper representation of what is needed and wished will be transmitted to Europe from the Government by the next mail . The course to be taken is exactly that which ought to be taken . The home authorities will receive precise directions as to the kind of contract which the colonist * want , and will be left to seWt the carties and to cattlo details . TheTe will be , ere very long , a Panama line for Sydney , and a Ceylon line for Victoria , so that each colony will have first news in its turn , and both will have a fortnightly mail . —Sydney Morning Herald .
Extension in the Welsh Ironworks .- —The improved tone of the Welsh iron trade lias encouraged the ironmasters to carry out those alterations and extensions which were either contemplated or in progress at the time of the panic . Several fresh veins of coal are also about to be -worked , as well as some new mining undertakings . The Aberdare Iron Company are now rebuilding t-wo of their largest blastfurnaces , and a new blast engine has been erected at the Gadleys Ironworks , in the Aberdare Valley . New furnaces are in progress at Blaenavon , and the extension will give employment to a great number of additional hands , and alterations are also to take place at Tredegar . Improvements are in contemplation at the Clydach Works .
Pool , fromjjhe Foreign-office , in reply to a request for information whether the importation of salt into China is prohibited . It appears the manufacture of salt is a strict imperial monopoly , in China . —that at Shanghai and Ningpo cargoes of salt , brought by British merchant vessels in 1846 and 1848 , had been refused admission . The Foreign-office has since received no other information as to whether salt would be allowed to be imported at any other of the Chinese ports opened by treaty , and such " being the case , it is evident that British merchants importing salt into any of the Chinese ports must do so at their own risk . *
HUDOEESFIELD CHAMBER OF CoSIMERCE . The USUal monthly meeting of this chamber was held on Wednesdav ; J . Haigh , Esq ., in the chair . A letter was read from Mr . Hastings , of London , calling tho attention of the chamber to the approaching meeting in London of the general committee on mercantile legislation , which was appointed at the last meeting of the National Association , in pursuance of a recommendation by the department of jurisprudence ; the meeting to take place on the 17 th and 18 th instant . The letter referred to an organised attempt in London to oppose Lord John Russell ' s Bankruptcy Bill with which the committee has been entrusted , and requested the chamber to send a delegate to the meeting , as it was
desirable to have a strong muster in ' support of the bill . After some discussion it was agreed to request T . Mallinson , Esq ., now in London , to attend as the chamber ' s representative . On the suggestion of Mr . Kayner , it was resolved to invite E . Akroyd , Esq ., M . P . for lludclersfield , to attend a general meeting of the members of the chamber , to be called at the end of this month , fully to consider the Bankruptcy Bills now pending , so that both he and the council may know how to proceed in future stages of the bills . On the motion of the chairman , it was resolved that the chamber recommend the National Association to hold its next meeting in Bradford , by way of aiding the Bradford Chamber of Commerce in their endeavours in the same direction . —JMtcncJiester
Guardian . Ink Highest Railway in the World . —The Pabellon and Chanarcillo extension of the Copiapo Railway , in Chili , is so far advanced that a trial trip has been made on 12 miles , by Mr . Jaggert , the superintendent of locomotives . The engines , with a pressure of 1001 b . to the inch ^ easily moved round curves of 500 feet radius , and surmounted inclines , some of which have a gradient of 170 to 324 feet in the mile , and at "length reached the terminus , which is an elevation of 4075 feet above the level of the sea—a loss height , of course , than that tn ivhich Trevethick worked the stationary engine in Pasco , but said to be one thousand feet higher than anv other locomotive
ljas reached . Doubtless the great engineer , when traversing the Andes , contemplated the day when the locomotive engine -which he had invented—and George Stephenson was then studying in England—would be employed to pass the gorges of the Cordilleras , where the lama is now the only beast of burden . "We know that Trevethick did contemplate the application Of the railway on this coast , and proposed , soon after his return , a railway to work some of the rich copper deposits of Alacama—a result which is now realised . ' The value of the railway for crossing the snow-bound passes of the Andes , and uniting the coasts with the verdant plains and pampas of the inland , can scarcely be estimated , and it will be tlie greatest means
for making profitable the resources of tlie rich desert of Alucania . The Copiapo Railway is the only one in the world that has paid quarterly dividend : ? , and other railways are in progress , or projected to work the Coquimbo , Huasco , and Chnnarcillo district * in Chili . It is said that the summit lovul of tho Copiapo extension is higher than tho only ono in tho world—that of the Great Indian Peninsular Kail way for traversing tlie Western Ghauts . The Bore Ghaut incline is ono of the grandest works in the world . Tho summit of tho Scemmering Pass , on tho Vienna and Trieste Kuilwaytho highest in Europe—is about 3000 feet above the level of tho sea . The highest summit in North America is tho pass of tho Bluo Mountains , by the Bultimoro and Ohio Railway , about 2700 foot high . As tho Valparaiso and Santiago Railway only crosses tho Cordilleras de la Cueata , it does not roucli tlio elevation of
Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank . —The statement that a call is about to be made upon the shareholders is entirely without foundation or excuse . The liabilities have been reduced to 275 , 0001 ., which is the sum now due by the Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank to the Clydesdale Bank ; and the manager for the Clydesdale holds ample assets in his hands not only to meet all the lia- * bilities , but to form a fund for distribution to the shareholders . —Scotsman . The Wesibkn Bank . —Tho North British Daily JfatY says ;— " The amount paid of tho lost call is now about 7 OO , 0 O 0 Z ., a sum which speaks well for the ability and willingness of the shareholders , and for the activity of the liquidators . "—A meeting has been held in the Lord Provost ' s chambers with the view of concerting measures fox the relief of those shareholders who arc
rendered " entirely destitute" by tho failure . A deputation from the committee goes to-day to Glasgow to arrange -with the committee thero established as to future proceedings . It was mentioned that upwards of 12 , 000 / . had been already raised in that city , while the amount raised in Edinburgh was under 600 / . In addition to this , a committee of benevolent ladies has been employed for some weeks in collecting subscriptions , and there is nearly 900 / . already in hand . „ .. ' Population op Morocco . —The population of tho empire of Morocco alone is stated to amount to about 15 , 000 , 000 of inhabitants , including 2 , 300 , 000 Berbor ? , 8 , 560 , 000 Moors , 1 , 450 , 000 Shellooks , Inhabiting the Atlantic chain , 740 , 000 Arabs , 840 , 000 Jews ,, 120 , 000 Negroes , 600 . Christians and ronogadoa . —Shipping and Mercantile Gazette , Importation of Samp into China . —A communication has been , received by Mr . James Beaaley , of
Livertlio Copiapo Railway . Tho elevation of 4076 foot is not , however , the topmost height of the Copiapo Railway , for when the extension is commoted two miles further , it will have reached 4471 ) fuot abovo tho level of tho Pacific . Some of tho extension linos from Ulo Janeiro cross the Sierra dus Orgiics , and in time they will reach tho mountain regions of Minas Goraos , but at present the Copiapo Kail way l >« s tho claim of being tho highest railway in tlio South American continent . Tho opening of this lino is not ft more curiosity , but it is a useful example for tho promotion of other undertakings . Tluw , for instance , in Chili itself it will onoournge the prosecution of tho grand lino projected to unite Santiago and Valparaiso with Buenos Ayros , by -way of , Koearlo , and of -which part of tho system in completed , or in progress , and tho rest survoyod . It promiaoa , likewise , tlie continuation of tho railway system of tho Brazils , from the coast to tho inner feeders of tho Amazon and tlio Plata .
change in tho currency , but there nave « .. » v disturbances worthy of mention . The pcoplo still recKoa in the "lira , " and affect to ignore the new currency . In consequence of the moaiuro of tho Bank , ol wnitn mention has boon made above , thero was a very strw * u £ improvement on 'Clmngo . Credit Bank shares rojo full 5 per cent ., and all otlior kinds of stock wore w great demand . - _ Tub Suijmaki-nk Tm . nanA . wi . —Wo have a noto roin Mr . Courtcnay , tho secretary of tho Submarine ioiograph Company , acquainting us with tho "" P ""™ ( not that diroot communication between London im » Paris h « s boon re-established . nf Avstuian Railways . — A despatch from Vienna 01 Wednesday ' s dalo states tliat tlio shareholder * 01 « Francis Joseph Hallway liavc condoned tho fusion yun tho Loinbanly lino . Tho exchange , will take 1 . la . eo < o » tlio footing of twenty-Ovo Jftwnola Joseph shares ngninec
sixtoou Lombard bonds . t Bank ov ExauAmyf—U is understood that tho now Deputy-Governor will bo Mr . Alfred Latham , 01 uw firm of Arbuthnot , Latham , mid Co . Tho buooomot rf Mr . Sliortlold JTenvo ns Governor will bo Mr . «« »« / Dobroo , the prosoiit Deputy-Governor . ll » o oiecuw takes place in April .
Untitled Article
1236 T HE LEAD E B . [ No . 451 , November 13 , 1858 , I
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 13, 1858, page 1236, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2268/page/28/
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