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not extend their patronage to it by giving the guarantee of G overnment , which I consider necessary to attract capital to India . The guarantee of a certain rate of interest is absolutely necessary . Suppose the Government gave a guarantee to an unlimited extent of railways , would the results you speak of be accomplished in less than five hundred years?—I would not advocate an unlimited guarantee . I would work through the principal existing channels of commerce , and I would penetrate them with railways in the shortest possible time . I would guarantee the revenues of the country to a reasonable extent ; of course taking the most important lines first .
Are yon not aware that seventy miles of the Madras railway is open , and that cotton is still carried to Madras by tbe road that runs by the side of the railway ?—I have heard that so stated , but it is not likely that for a small portion of a journey the natives will transfer their cotton , from their carts to the rail . Are you aware that orders have gone out to the Government in India to make good roads to the principal stations of those railways , so > as to form feeders to them ?
—I am not aware of that ; Taut I should not think that would answer the purpose you have in view . I think the feeders to those main lines of railway communication must be by railways themselves , but of a light construction . I think that where the country is rich enough , and where the minerals are sufficiently abundant , any road at all in connexion with the railway ought to lie a railway , and that if a tramroad were contructed , the produce would overwhelm it ; you would only have to do the work over again .
Do not you think that the work on hand in rauwaj'S in India at present is as much as can be done at once ? — No , I think not ; I think a great deal more might be done . I am aware that one of the reasons for limiting the present exertions , with regard to railways , is the prevailing idea that sufficient dead weight could not be sent out : but I am satisfied , from inquiries I have made , that that difficulty would disappear , and that the rails and rolling stock , or whatever might be necessary to be made in England for the extension of railways , ad libitum , might he sent out as fast as the embankments and bridges could be made in India . I think the resources of this country are quite adequate to supply ; to any extent all that might be required .
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DIFFICULTIES ATTENDING THE PURSUIT OIVTHE BEBEL SEPOYS . From an . officer at the Camp Jugdespore , a letter dated the latter end of May gives a lively and faithful picture of the difficulties General Lugard meets with in getting at the rebels , and the skill and resolution displayed from the highest to the lowest of the force employed to overcome them : — " General Lugard has met with , formidable difficulties in his attempt to crush the rebel force lurking in the jungles . General Lugard very nearly succeeded in drawing them out on the 20 th of May and getting in their rear ; but the rebels saw their danger , were too fast for the General , who only succeeded in killing about 100 . The weather appears to be sadly against Europeans ; indeed , it may be
said , against all living creatures . The thermometer stood on the 22 nd of May , in one tent , at 110 deg . ; in another , 114 . deg . ; and outside it rose from 144 deg . to 150 deg . General Lugard was daily losing men from coups-de-solti 7 , and if he had not moBt fortunately got two old-seasoned regiments with him , the 10 th and 84 th , he must , ere this , have given up the attempt to destroy Mumeer Sing ' s gang . As it is , the belief is that General Lugard hopes in a few days to bo able to mako a combined movement upon them , wliich will then close their career . The general impression
is that General Lugard could drive them out of the jungle whenever he pleased , but then the result would be that the rebels would retreat to other jungles , to Mirzapore , and other places , where wo could nothopo to overtake or drire them out . And for this reason , that our troops cannot march without tents , baggage , ammunition , and rations , while the onemy takes nothing with him , flies beforo us , and when passing through a village plunders the residents of their stores of foodwhich they eat ns
, they are flying on the road . This was proved in oSSiSV ° ° Sing but very recently ; no troops could have pursued quicker than General Lugarcl ' s , but except in making the rebels drop everything it was , ri vain . What is wanted most is a corps or : ! S | W irr ° Bular cavalry , with a couple of guns , fn 7 n 0 * V ? . < luick caniels-tho latter is required 1 *? ; wo fugitives get into u village , whore nothing « £ „„/? ^ " avail lo dialo , lgo them . The * bcenuy-riueod cavalry regiments arc not the tiling ,
they will not go ahead . The Sikh cavalry ttev&r was good ; the Sikhs are far better as infantry , and even as infantry they require plenty of good European officers with them . The rebel Sepoys do not care for the Sikhs unless
backed by Europeans . Where the Sikhs chiefly shine is in holding posts . One of General Lugard ' s chief difficulties is his weakness in infantry to scour the jungle -with ; the heat is so terrific that double the number of men is required to supply the places of those who fall out from exhaustion . In the cold season , no doubt , General Lugard could do [ the work well with his present force ; for instance , General Lugard brought thirty-two men of the 34 th Foot round the jungle -when he met Colonel Corfield ' 8 force at Peeroo . In that march of sixteen miles only two came into camp with the column , thirty fell out exhausted , and many had to
be carried . Information has leached -us here that the rebel Sepoys collecting at Sandah declare their intention of joining the Jugdespore gang , but General Ii ugard hopes to have settled with the latter before they make their appearance . 3 ? roin private but important sources we learn that General Lugard is to command the DLnapore division ; that the Governor-General was ill , but a recovery , under skilful medical attendance , was ' expected soon ; that the Shannon's men are to go to Shagatty , and that when there they will be under Captain Vaughan ' s orders . Sir H . Rose ' s capture of Calpee is considered by all a great matter ; no end of ordnance found there , and active pursuit is being carried on . "
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MEECANTILE MARINE SEKVICE ASSOCIATION . A very spirited meeting of shipowners , masters , and seamen , was held at the Jamaica Tavern , "West India Dock-road , yesterday . Captain Strickland was called to the chair , and with , rough-and-ready eloquence , full of genuine feeling , set forth the objects of the association , which were twofold : —1 . To raise all classes connected with the mercantile marine to their proper position in the social scale ; to elevate masters , mates , engineers , and seamen in public estimation , and in practical efficiency . 2 . By means of an act of incorporation , to establish , schools for the education and training of boys : to give rewards for able and brilliant
services ; and to provide refuges for aged and worn-out seamen . The speaker forcibly pointed out the hardships and injustice sustained by masters in having to go before a tribunal composed of magistrates and persons connected with the Board of Trade -when accidents or loss occurred to their ships . Such tribunals , composedfor the most part of men who know nothing about the special dangers of navigation , had power tc suspend the master ' s certificate , perhaps , for six months , "by which proceeding the master ' s family was thrown out of bread , and the master ' s character for seamanship unjustly injured . He strongly objected to the
present system of examination . He was quite favourable to proper nautical education , but lie could by no means approve of the practice of the examiners puzzling smart , able seamen with " crack-jaw" questions of no practical value , and refusing them their certificates if they could not answer them . He hoped to see colleges for sailors established—balls of examination , in fact , similar to those at Hamburg and other foreign parts— - so that sailors might go there and show vbat they could do . He hoped every one would come forward with subscriptions to promote such national objects as those contemplated by the association .
Mr . Moore read a portion , of the report to show the progress of the Society and the machinery it has organized . He was satisfied , from the feeling displayed at the Treasury , when tlio deputation had an interview with Mr . Henley , that if proper unanimity were shown by the mercantile marine they would get their charter . Government had consented to Mr . Crawford's motion for a Committee next session to inquire into the working of the New Shipping Act . Every question could then come under discussion , and every complaint bo brought forward nnd investigated . He quite concurred with Captain Strickland in
thinking that the present examination system wanted amendment , mid it would he their own fault if noxt session they did not get this and other objections se right . After detailing the progress of the nsaocintion at tho various groat centres of oommorco in England , Ireland , nut ! . Scotland , and tho enthusiasm with which the deputies hud bceu received nt tho various meetings , the speaker concluded by calling on the meeting to take care that the association mid its groat objects were not suffered to languish for want of adequate funds , Tho meeting , iiftcr pnflsiiijj re-solutions and cordial votes of thanks , llu-n Hopurnlcil .
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l'HOVINUIAT , MABKliTS . London , Fuii » av . —The colonial produco mnrkots ' hnvi ' been generally iirm throughout tlu > week , with increased activity in some- of tho principal uiticlos . "Where prices havo been weak , it lma arisen nnoru from un inllux of supplies than from any falling oil' in Hit ! actual demand . An sugar , a cousuk-mblc business has been
done , at rather advancing prices , the markets having been to some extent influenced by the result of the Dutch Trading Company ' s sale in Holland , wliich established an advance of p . to lfl . on the valuations . Coffee is
offered less freely , and holders look for higher prices , especially for native kinds of Ceylon . The tea market remains inactive , but at 9 £ d . there have been moderately good buyers of common Congou . Iu rice and saltpetre transactions are ^ limited , "but quotations firm . Spices are rather more in demand for export , and cassia lignea is 5 s . per cwt . dearer . Manufacturing products , in general , meet a g-ood demand . At the quarterly indigo sales the competition has been well sustained , and in other dyes a good current business is doing . The colonial wool sales are progressing with increased spirit , and the advance Is now quoted fully Id . on all descriptions . Jute has again sold largely at full prices , and cotton to a fair extent at q ^ uite late rates . At Liverpool , the latter article h . aa been rather adversely influenced by the late heavy arrivals . Oil seeds continued very firm , and in demand . Seed oils , though confidently held , are less active . Tallow has further declined Is .
per cent . Manchester , Tbiday , Jplt 23 . —The most favourable indications in the week for manufacturers has been a decided increase of purchases by the home houses , and also for tbe American markets ; but , on the other hand , the Indian markets are not looking very favourable , particularly as there is at this moment an immense amount of goods on the way thither . Some sacrifices , therefore , may be expected in tbis branch ; but we believe they will principally be confined to Calcutta , as the Bombay market Is unquestionably good . On the whole , however , no very great losses are apprehended that will not be compensated by the profits in other branches . A fair business is , tinder these circumstances , doing in goods , and , on the whole , "holders are firm .
With regard to yarns , there was an attempt at Tuesday ' s market , on . the part of buyers , to obtain , an advantage in price , founded upon the favourable character of the growing crops of cotton in . America ; but it only succeeded in exceptional cases . Spinners were firm , and qualities suitable for the Chinese and German markets were stiff . Considerable quantities might have been sold for Germany at Is . 8 d- per pound lower than the terms required , but tie offers were declined . Spinners and merchants were influenced by the fact that at the fair at Frankfort cotton goods were Bold out , and forward contracts entered into . A steady demand for yarn is therefore expected from this quarter . Employment is increasing in the districts of which this town ia the centre , and from all aides we hear that the improvement in the various branches of trade is based upon a legitimate dema nd . ;
The following is the report of the Frankfort fair alluded to above , extracted from the JBerlin National Zeitung : — The fair has been a very animated one , and the demand was well sustained throughout A great number of buyers made their appearance , as Tvell for the home trade , as for the Levant , Russia , Poland , Sweden , Denmark , and America . The supply of goods was larger than in any previous fair ; notwithstanding this circumstance , tho fear that the supply would exceed tlie demand was not justified ; in fact , in some kinds of goods it was not adequate to the demand , and many manufacturers went home well provided with orders for later delivery . Business in furs was Letter than expected—prices wer « about 10 per cent , lower than last fair . Transactions in all sorts of leather were very lar
ge , ana prices consiaeraoiy nigner ; many buyers could not got as much as they wanted . Woollen cloths were rapidly sold in spite of the large stocks . Manufacturers had to raise their prices a little , no such decline having taken place in the raw material this season as lad been anticipated ; still , as their demands were not unreasonable , buyers did . not hesitate long , and especially good qualities were soon cleared . Lighter cloths , especiall y zephyrs , were largely bought for America , at considerably higher prices . In all these goods the demand exceeded the supply . A largo business took place in mixed woollen and cotton stuffs , but except for novelties , prices arc low . AH eorts of cotton goods , hosiery , trousers stulls , calicoes , Silcsias , domestics , and sliirtings were in exceedingly good demand . Tho same may bo said of English manufactures , silk goods , and small wares . The fair was therefore satisfactory in every respect . It was attended by about 8400 strangers . ~
L . EKD . S , July' 22 . —Tho stock of goods in manufacturers' aud merchants' hands are light and unimportant ; and as buyers aro appearing , while there is a good general demand , tho probability ia that the trade of this district will rapidly improve . The operatives , indeed , are almost wholly in full work . Tho goods principally in demand are tlioso suitable for tho approaching winter season . Trices arc tending upwards , the value of tho raw material having improved . linADKonn , July 22 . —The wool market on Monday was dull , and the purchases were principally in small lots for tho execution of immediate orders . Buyers were waiting , in fact , to » seo if tlie advance in the London market would be confirmed . Noils and ahort wools went off well . Yarns were rather dull ; and there ara only moderate orders for export descriptions . Tho principal demand , indeed , ia for spool yarns for homo consumption . The cotton trade is extending in this town , the foundations of another mill haying just boon laid .
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No . 435-, July 24 , 1868 . J THE LEADER , 723
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Leader (1850-1860), July 24, 1858, page 723, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2252/page/27/
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