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    were very dull . Several of tho Antigua noters have been convicted and sentenced— -twenty-five to two years ' jmprisonroent ^ each , and others to various terms of imprisonment , with fines . JLitbraky Pension . —The Earl of Derby has shown his regard for the interests of learning' by bestowing a pension of 100 ? . a year on Mr . W . Desborough . Cooley , a literary labourer of long standing , now visited by infirmity . The act of his Lordship is the more gracious , inasmuch as the favoured individual has never courted patronage or popularity , bat toiled incessantly the unattractive and uphill road of erudition . —Atkenoeum . The National Gallery . —The Observer believes there is no longer any doubt respecting the . appropriation of the entire building in Trafalgar-square to the purposes of a National Gallery .

    How to Make Soldiers . —We understand that the High Sheriff , Mr . Thomas Smith , in his address to the grand jury at Winchester Assizes , on . his health being proposed , after alluding to the entire want of military ardour in the lower orders in comparison with other nations , suggested to the magistrates whether it would not be desirable that a system of drilling the children in all the parish schools , by teaching them to inarch in line , be adopted , which would , at all events , improve them , and it might also instil into them and into the minds of otheir elder brothers some military spirit . And , in order to carry out this throughout the kingdom -without expense and loss of time , he suggested that the police should be allowed to devote about six hours during one year only—that is , half an hour in each month , in teaching the children to march in line , after -which they would do it for their

    own amusement in preference to any other ; - atid one of the eldest boys would be able and -willing to attend to them , especially if he received a trifling ; present occasionally . These suggest ions were favour-.. ably received and responded to by some of the niagistXrates . —Berkshire Chronicle . This Architectural Museum .- —The sixth annual * conversazione of the Architectural Museum was held at - the South Kensington Museum on the 15 th inst ., the President in the chair . Tlie report { which -was read bv Mr . Scott , the treasurer ) called attention to the fact that : the present funds will not permit the society to follow » up , with the activity demanded , the noble objects which 4 they had in view j and it earnestly exhorted all lovers of art to aid the institution with the requisite means . Several speeches were delivered before the meeting separated .

    The " Chamber of London . — -The moneys received by tho Chamberlain of the City of London in the year 1857 on account of the duty on coals was 141 , 792 / . ; from the duty on wine , 7199 f . ; and for one year ' s charge on the revenue of the corporation , 11 , 500 ? . On this account (" duties and payments" ) there was a surplus of 186 , 130 / . over . the payments out of it . The Ministerial Whitebait Dinner will take place at the Ship , Greenwich , to-day ( Saturday ) . Parliament , therefore , will probably be prorogued early in August . The Moors . —The Ayr Advertiser is of opinion that the sport this season will be better than for some years past . ¦ ¦

    Lady ByiiWER Lytton . —According to a letter jn the daily papers from Mr . Robert B . Lytton , son of Sir JEdward Bulwer Lytton , Lady Lytton has been liberated from restraint , and is about to take a tour on the Continent in company with her son and a female relation . She was never placed in any asylum , but was merely kept for a time in the house of a medical friend . Mr . Lytton states that his father directed him to act with the utmost kindness and consideration to his mother , so that she " should not be subject to restraint for one moment longer than was strictly justifiable . " Dr . Conolly , the physician appointed by Sir Edward , wns of opinion that the course taken was perfectly proper ; while Dr . Forbes Winslow , who was consulted by her Ladyship ' s legal advisers , conceived that it would not be right . to detain her , though he expressly declines to condemn Sir Edward for the step to which ho had recourse .

    The Atlantic Telegraph . —The Atlantic Cable squadron again left Qucenstown , for a third attempt to effect the great object , on Sunday morning . —The United States steam-frigate Niagara was off Cape Clear on the 18 th . instant , at four A . M ., and her Majesty ' s steamer Agamemnon ¦ was off Kinsalo at eleven a . m ., on the same day , with the cable , A . Russian Prohibition . —A . notice from the Board of Trade appears in the Gazette stating that a despatch has been received from her Mnjesty ' 8 Charge" d'Affaires at St . Petersburg , announcing thnt the importation of various " medicinal substances" into Russia has been prohibited . Among the excluded articles arc Morison ' s Pills and Kevnlenta Arabica .

    Tub Eari .. of Carlisle is a New CHAnAcrion . — The Earl of Carlisle ( says a contemporary ) hns been employing his time , since ho resigned the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland , in the consideration of theological subjects , and the result has boon the production of a work , entitled " The Second Vision of Daniel . " The work is « paraphrase of the prophetical writings , and in likely to create some excitement amongst theologians . A Clkrical Athlete . —A good deal of talk hns been catued at Rochester by the performances of the Rev .

    II . F . Phillips , curate of St . Margaret ' s Church , who , at a fete given to several hundred school children , jumped and ran a race in a sack , amidst great applause and shouts of laughter . The rev . gentleman came in the winner , and many of his competitors were completely knocked up . Fire . —A fire broke out last Saturday on the premises of Madame Paninska , artificial flower-maker , Mountstreet , Grosvenor-square . A Madame Sappas , one of the inmates , was so severely burnt thqjt she was conveyed to St . George ' s Hospital in a very dangerous state . The firemen recovered from the ruins property to the amount of 13 , 000 / , belonging to the Countess Millelague , who lived in the house . . ¦ ¦

    Testimonial to Mr . George William Bridgeman . —Mr . George William Bridgeman , the medical officer of the sixth district of the parish of Marj'lebone , having lately thrown up his appointment , the poor people who had "been under his care determined to present him with a small token of the high esteem they felt for him both in his public and private capacity , and of their regret at losing his services . Each person , on the average , gave one penny , and there were between four and five hundred subscribers . "With the amount thus collected a very handsome Bible , magnificently bound , was purchased , and the presentation took place on Tuesday evening at Clergy House , Portland-road , ¦ when the Rev . James Aiiios , after a feeling speech , handed the Bible to Mr . Bridgeman . That gentleman made a reply , in which he expressed his appreciation of

    the deep value of such a demonstration . The company then separated . Amongst those present were the Rev . Mr . Gray and the Rev . Mr . Stafford , together with several ladies and gentlemen who had greatly interested themselves in the matter . —The following inscription appeared in a fly-leaf of the Bible . — " This copy of the Sacred Scriptures , purchased from small contributions , was presented to George William Bridgeman , Esq ., late Medical Officer of the Parish of St . Marylebone , as a token of the high sense with which they have been led to Tegard his professional , skill , and of the most sincere gratitude for his unvaried kindness , ready selfdenial , and generous sympathy , by some of his poor patients . July , 1858 . — ' They cannot recompense thee , but thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just . '— Luke xiv . 14 . "

    A Novel Equipment of Constabci-ary . —A useful addition to the equipment of the Berwickshire constabulary has just been made , at the suggestion of Mr-Giffocd , the chief constable . The addition is a very powerful field glass , about three inches in diameter , with one slide . It is conveniently worn by the constables at the left side , slung with a strap over the right shoulder , and is capable of commanding a clear view of an object at a distance of twenty miles . Berwickshire is the first county in the kingdom that has adopted the use of this auxiliary in the art of thief-catching . —North British 3 fail . Church Rates . —After three days' contest , a proposition for a church 'rate at Portsmouth has for the first time , been rejected by 208 to 196 .

    The Parish of St . Ci / ement Danes . —A rather stormy special vestry meeting was held on Friday week , in the parish of St . Clement Danes , in consequence of some statements made by the rector before a Committee of the House of Lords , 1 o the effect that the inhabitants of the entire parish are "infidels and Socinians . " The rector was in the chair at the meeting , and denied that he meant to stigmatize the whole parish . Still , lie added , vice and infidelity prevail to an alarming extent in St . Clement Danes , and the people inhabiting the streets in the neighbourhood of Clare-market are of a most lawless character . He was once nearly murdered by some women there . After some discussion it was agreed that the rector should offer an explanation in writing to tlie satisfaction of the parishioners . At the same meetinjr , attention wan called to the infamous dens in "VVych-street . It was determined that an attempt should be made to abate the evil .

    Bfr . AucMMUTY Glovkk on Parliamentary Reform . —The deposed member for Heverley addressed a large assembly at the Literary Institution , Southwark , on Monday night , on Parliamentary Reform . One . of the jury who convicted him took the chair , and expressed his great regret that tho evidence which now exonerated INJr . Glover from the charge of returning a false property qualification had not been submitted at tho trial . Much sympathy for the ex-member was expressed by tho meeting . Errata . —Our teaders must have been puzzled last

    week at an announcement in our Miscellaneous columns that . " Mrs ., London , tho authoress , was dead . " They must have thought that here indeed was " an illustrious unknown ; " but the truth is that n had been substituted for u in the first syllable . Tho lady in question -was Mrs . Loiulon , tlie wife of tho lato Mr . Loudon , tho horticultural writer , and herself the author of some works of mark . —In tho last paragraph of the u Gatherings from tho Law and Police Courts" C 20 th line ) , for " thinking that sho would be about to rotwrn , " read " obliged to return . "

    Tub Crystal Pai-ack . —Tho poll of subscribers , which was demanded on tho question whether the Crvstal Palace should be opened on Sundays to all who

    hold stock in the concern , has ended in a very large majority in favour of so opening the building . A gentleman favourable to Sunday opening lias also been , triumphantly elected to the post of director . Motes in the Sun and Air . —In the ordinary lio-ht which exists between the brightest sunshine and darkness , the atmosphere seems , so far as appearance goes pure and harmless . When the sun shines , however through narrow channels , into this seeming void the rnotes in the sunbeam show that the atmosphere is anything but transparent : countless myriads of minute atoms of matter are constantly floating in the atmosphere , and entering the lungs of young and old . Here then , is palpable evidence of the necessity for sanitary

    care . The semi-opaque nature of the air we breathe is evident ; and far smaller particles , which the eye cannot see , are constantly rising from the surface and floating around . In ill-paved streets , and back yards in similar condition , on which waste water is allowed to remain and saturate the soil , when the drainage from , cesspools also further pollutes the earth , exhalations fill the air and poison the system of those wlio are unfortunatelv obliged to inhale this important necessary of life when so adulterated . Those who , in the cleanest and best ventilated houses of the metropolis , have noticed the thick layer of dust which in one day covers tables , books , and the surface of every other object , can form an idea of the large quantity of these floating atoms which

    enters the mouth , both during day and night , at every respiration . If the dust on the walls and floor of a room in which tobacco has been smoked tie swept up , and then carefully packed away , on examination , after some time , it will be found that the tobacco fumes are still perceptible to the smell . "Window hangings , carpets , and other fabrics , will absorb the gases thrown , off by tobacco , sulphur , and similar matter . In the same way the bad gases arising from overcrowded sleeping-rooms , bad drains , &c , pervade and lodge themselves to a considerable extent on all surrounding objects , and poison those motes which are made evident to us by the sunbeam ; and which , when the bright sunlight does not make them visible , are still surely performing the neverceasing work . Although in ships at sea , on mountain tops , on moors and marshes , the motes , showing the never-ceasing operations of nature , glisten in the

    sunshine , there is . a difference between the wholesomeness of such dtist and that which rises in the houses of polluted courts , in the neighbourhood of crowded graveyards , in ill-ventilated assembly-rooms , over-crowded barracks , and other places . The particles of dust loaded with fever and contagion are readily borne upon the breeze from ill-conditioned and hidden places to those adjoining , and of course , to a certain extent , adulterate the better conditions of the atmosphere . Dangerous nuisances are floated on the air , and this circumstance , together with the sight of the motes in the sunbeam , ought to be a lesson to us that large masses of the poor cannot be neglected with impunity , and should teach us that it is necessary to preserve the' atmosphere from pollution . It is a ready medium for subtler matters than those we have been pointing to , whether in the country or the town . —The Builder . .

    The State of the Thames— -Tho Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to consider Mr . Goldsworthy Gurney ' s plan of purifying the Thames , have reported the result of their deliberations . They are indisposed to recommend the adoption of Mr . Gurney s plan , which is , to carry the sewers so far into the river that tliey would discharge their contents below low-water mark ; and they remark , in conclusion , that " it is their decided opinion that no plan ought to be adopted in regard to the sewage of the metropolis that does not provide for one of two things—either that the sewage shall be carried down to some point in the river sufficiently far from the metropolis to prevent tlie sewage from being brought back in an offensive state by the flowing tide , or else that tlie sewage shall be deodorised , and that only the purified liquid part of it shall be discharged into the river . "

    At . lugkd Suicide . —One of tho Galway pilots committed for trial for running tUo Indian Empire steamer on the St . Marguerite Rock , in Galway Bay , has apparently committed suicide . He was found rigid , but still warm , and the belief is that he took strychnine . The Crown solicitor is engaged in nn inquiry , and as yet nothing certain is known . The man -was an Englishman , named Burgess . Suicides . —An inquest has been held at Kew on tho body of Thomas Cannon , aged sixty-four , tho once celebrated pugilist and ex-champion of England , who had committed suicide by shooting himaolf through tho head ,

    under circumstances of great destitution and miser }* . The jury returned a verdict of insanity . —Jane Nightingale , tho wife of a man who had been employed as a cellarman at a tavern in North Woolwich , has drowned herself in a fit of despair caused by poverty . Her husband was out of work , and the family was reduced to much distress . A few dnys ago , the wife drcsaed her children in their best clothes , and , linving bid good-by to oach , threw herself into the river , and wa s drowned The husband , on hearing of tho act , inflicted a severe wound on his throat with a razor . His life , however , was saved , and ho was loft in tho care of the police—Charles Gurney , butler in tho family of Mr . Wilkinson .

    Untitled Article

    708 _ __ ___ T H E L E A D E _ R . [_ No . 435 , ^ 11 Lr 24 , 1858 .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), July 24, 1858, page 708, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2252/page/12/