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    receipts of the corporation for the year 1856 amounted to 254 , 741 ? ., -whereof 227 , 125 ? . is classed as ordinary , and 27 , 616 ? . as extraordinary receipts ; while 215 , 9447 . is given as the amount of its ordinary , and 16 , 391 ? . as its extraordinary expenditure during the year ; so that while there was a surplus of 11 , 181 / . of ordinary revenue over ordinary expenditure , there was an excess of 18 , 744 ? . in extraordinary expenditure over extraordinary revenue , leaving upon the entire year ' s account a general deficiency of 7593 Z . From tables of revenue and expenditure for the ten years from 1847 to 1856 ( inelusive ) , it appears that the receipts of the corporation during that period amounted to 2 , 595 , 216 ? . ; whereof 2 , 007 , 442 ? . is classed as ordinary , and 587 , 773 ? . as extraordinary receipts . Per contra , it appears that during the same period the corporation has expended 2 , 578 , 928 ? ., whereof 1 , 780 , 111 ? . is given as ordinary , and 798 , 817 ? . as -extraordinary expenditure ; the surplus of receipts over expenditure during the ten years being 16 , 288 ? . The extraordinary receipts for the ten years show 92 , 700 ? ., the ¦ amount borrowed for the construction of the new prison at Holloway , and 443 , 000 ? . raised for the new cattle market . These two sums ( 535 , 700 ? . ) are treated as so much money actually sunk , and deducting 159 , 711 ? ., the sum standing to the credit of the City on the account , a sum of 375 , 989 ? . is left , which shows the excess of expenditure over income ; but to reach the actual excess a further sum of 540 , 000 ? . must be added , that amount having been raised upon bonds for the formation of New Cannon-street , and being still an outstanding debt , yielding no return . Thus , during the ten years , the expenditure of the City has exceeded its income by /

    915 , 989 ? . " Thb Rev . Charles Kingsley delivered at the Bristol Institution , on Monday evening , a lecture on the subject of social reform , in which he more especially insisted on cleanliness and pure country air as a means of elevating the working classes , and diminishing drunkenness . He said * ' he would have cities as workshops , warehouses , and places for business , but residences he wou 2 d have outside the city contaminations ; and he hoped and trusted that , ere many generations had passed away , we should see masses of working men ' s houses springing up on the hills around our cities , wheTe , without any greater expense-than living in the city 3 the workers will be enabled to enjoy light , pure air , the advantages of a reading-room , wash-houses , & « . But , it would be asked , will such improvement pay ? That was a sound and proper question , and , if it could be shown that the change would pay * it would be carried out . If the thing was right , as he believed it was , it would sooner or later be carried out because it would

    pay . Any right scheme would pay . " Joli / t Jueymen . —The hotel bill of the jury empanelled in the recent trial of Gentles and Reid at the Stirling Court of Justiciary was within a trifle of 70 >? This fact may help to dispel the popular belief that jurymen during the progress of a trial are doomed to subsist on such common-place fare as bread and water . Considering the number of days over which the trial extended , perhaps the score run up at the Golden Lion is not very unreasonable , which is more than can be said for a jury at Aberdeen , who ran up a bill of 17 ? . between the hours of seven in the evening and ten of the morning following , or of a jury at Inverness , whose bill for toddy alone for one night was 8 ? . —Alloa Advertiser .

    Pedestriamsm Extraordinary . —James Lambert , ' the English pedestrian , ' has performed , at Boston , United States , the astonishing feat of walking a thousand miles in a thousand consecutive hours . The feat ( say the American papers ) began on Tuesday , July 28 th , at ten a . m . At first , it was an easy matter , and ho was in the habit of walking two mile 3 consecutively , beginning at the latter part of one hour and walking for a part of the next , thus obtaining an intermission of about an hour and a half . But , after a while , tired Nature began to require rest , and he vraa fain to yield to her demands at the end of each mile . As ho went on , lie became more and more tired ; his muscles began to swell and give him pain ; he slept very soundly in the intervals of hia task , and the belief became prevalent that ho could not endure to the end . It was necessary to use a great drum and other very loud noises to wake him , and his walk was more like the insensible actions of a machine than the inspired movements of a human being . During the last few houra , he required some assistance in turning the corners of his path , and , whereas at the first he would accomplish a mile in twelve or fiteen minutes , it now took him half an hour or more . On the last night , the hall was filled with people ( including several ladies ) anxious to witness the conclusion of the task . A brass band was in attendance to cheer the spirits of the pedestrian , and to enliven the spectators . The task wos completed with comparative ense , and , to sliow that he had somo strength still remaining , Lambert ran round the course , 196 feet , two or three tirnea , amid the cheerw of the spectators and tho music of the band , which now ployed « Yankee Doodle , ' and other inspiriting aira . An umpire then mounted a chair , and announced that , " James Lambort , having completed the task of walking one thousand miles in ono thousand hours , is the winner of one thousand dollars . " Lambert also ascended a ladder , and said that lie had promised at the outset never to leave tho hall until ho had accomplished the feat , and thanked tho crowd for their

    iympathy . He then retired to rest ; but it appears that it will be imprudent for him to indulge at present in much sleep , after his long deprivation of continuous repose . Mysterious Nocturnal Explosions . — -For a long time past , small packets of lighted paper , containing gunpowder and other explosive substances , have been thrown into the area of No . 28 , Bryanstone-square , and a great many panes of glass have been broken by the explosions . Between nine and ten o ' clock a few nights ago , the dwellers in . the street were startled , by hearing a loud report . The premises being afterwards searched by the police , a thick brown paper parcel , tightly bound with strong twine , and tilled with gunpowder , was found in the area , A burnt fusee , lighted probably by a cigar or pipe previously to being tkrown down , was attached to the packet . This material , in the packet was of a precisely similar description to that which had been used on all the former occasions . This outrage , it seems , has been practised for the last two years and a half , and , although , a police constable has been stationed all night , for some months , at the door of the house where the mischief was perpetrated , the culprit is not yet detected . At the first explosion , as many as forty squares of glass were smashed , but since that time , the number of broken panes has gradually diminished at each successive explosion . A Letter from Berampore . —The following is an extract from a letter from Colonel Campbell , commanding 90 th Light Infantry , dated Berampore , August 2 : — "My time is so taken up with the novelty cf everything connected with the service here that positively I have not a moment to spare , and every day endeavour to learn the Indian customs and forms " as regards the army . The 90 tli left the Himalaya steamer for Chinsurah in two boats towed by steamers , large covered vessels , and we remained six days at Chinsurah , and got on extremely well , —no drunkenness , no sickaiess , and the regiment all I could wish , so clever and orderly . I implored them daily not to poison themselves with bad spirits , "but to buy beer , and during six days I had only

    three cases of drunkenness in eight hundred men , and only four men sick , who came so from England . "We have had no casualty since leaving England . I was hurried off from Chinsurah , and embarked the regiment again in steamers towing boats , and we have been four days coming here . My instructions were to land here quietly and expeditiously , and to disarm the 63 rd Native Infantry and the 11 th Irregular Cavalry , to take also the horses of the latter , also to disarm some native Artillery here . The total force considerably exceeded mine , with the additional advantage on the native side of three hundred of the most splendid cavalry I ever saw ; as regards men , horses , and equipments , I never saw anything equal to them . The regiment was landed by me seven hundred and thirty strong , and I ordered the Commandant here , who is Lieutenant-Colonel of the 63 rd Native Infantry , to parade the whole of the troops .

    He wished to put it off until to-day , but I Tvould not grant an hour . The Sepoy regiment came out on parade ; I drew up the 90 th opposite and on one flank , and ordered them to lay down their arms : they obeyed ; and then ordered them to take off their belts , which was done ; and having secured them in carts and upon elephants ^ 1 kept the regiment of Sepoys standing upon parade until the 11 th Irregular Cavalry came up , and they came from a distance of live miles off , not expecting to find an English regiment , but only a detachment of the 35 th Regiment , ono hundred and eighty strong , whom they were prepared to fight . Their commanding officer wished to put off the parade until today , the same as the others , but I refused . Fortunately I did , for not n man would have been here this morning ; they would have gone off with hordes , arma , and ammunition . They Beemed thunderstruck wliea they discovered our men , and had no idea that their fine horses were to be taken from them ; if they had thought so , they -would have gone off in a body . They told the Sepoys afterwards that they were cowards to give up their arms , and that if they had waited until they enrne up they would have fought us , but that my men were so placed that they could not escape . The cavalry obeyed orders , to lay down their arms , but with a much worse grace than tho Sepoys ; they looked at each other , and then put them on the ground . I collected them , and found all the carbines and pistols loaded . I was standing opposite to thorn . 1 then ordered all tho belts to bo taken , off , and this was not approved of ; somo broke their swords , others throw their pouches into the air , but still tho order was obeyed . Having collected'them , I surrounded them with my mon , and ordered them to load their horses off to a safe place I had selected for thonv , and where they were turned out loose- Tho men then pulled off their long jack-boota and spurs , and pitched them away . Tho regiment had not mutinied , but no doubt would have done so , and of course I treated them as a regiment having committed no crime . They are splendid men , but savage beyond expression . Their swords arc liko razors . The Political Agent there had no idea that wo should have succeeded in potting this regiment together , and told me that wo had done tho heat service yet done in India since the outbreak . Hu has reported our valuable service to tho Government of India , and I have roportod direct to the Coimnniiderin-Chiof . Had I delayed as requested until morning not a mun would have beon found . Wo are atoaminc

    up the Granges , the weather terribly hot , mosquitoes most barbarous , heavy rains . I have to disarm and dismount another Irregular Cavalry regiment in two days' time if they have not already gone off . I -want to come near some mutinous Sepoys ; they shall rein ember the women and children if I do . " The Main Drainage of the Metropolis This subject was discussed at great length at a meeting of the Metropolitan Board of Works , on "Wednesday , when resolutions were agreed to expressing regret that Sir Benjamin Hall had rejected the plan B * without communicating to the Board the reason of its rejection - declaring that open sewers are inadmissible ; and appointing a committee for the purpose of drawing up a written communication to be made to the First Commissioner , preparatory to a conference with him .

    FlTNKRAI * OF THE LAT 3 B EARL i ! ITZWILMAM . . The remains of this nobleman were removed from Wentworth House , near Rotherham , on Monday evening . Thev were buried in the family vault at Marham on the following day . Bursting of a "Water Pipe . —Considerable alarm was created on the night of Friday week among the people residing in the neighbourhood of the valley lying between Cowley-lull and Denton's green , Liverpool , by the sudden bursting of one of the huge Rivington water

    pipes , by which Liverpool is supplied . All the small brooks , ponds , and ditches in the neighbourhood were soon overflowing , and in two hours , there was an extensive river of about two hundred yards wide . Mr . Clarke , of St . Helen ' s , at once proceeded to the hydrant at Mossbank , and there stopped the progress of the water ; but , for some time after , the stream continued to rush out , as the breach was made near the centre of a Yalley some two or three miles long , and it did not subside until Saturdav evening .

    Volunteer Corps for India .. —A public meeting was held on Thursday evening ] at St . Martin ' s Hal ) , Long Acre , relative to raising volunteer corps for India . Between four hundred and five hundred persons ¦ were present , mostly young men of the artisan class . It was agreed : —1 . That a regiment of volunteers be enrolled for special service in India ; such regiment to be called the ' British Volunteers . ' 2 . That such Teghnent be composed of young men of approved moral and physical qnalifications . 3 . That the period of service be determined upon at the time of the candidate ' s attestation . 4 . That the officers of the corps be appointed , in the first instance , by the Commander-iii-Chief , and all future vacancies in ensigncies be selected from the non-commissioned officers of the corps , subject to the approval of the Commaiider-in-Chief . 5 . That the necessaTy arms , accoutrements , &c , be found by the Government . 6 . That the proposed corps be placed on the same footing in every other respect as lier Majesty ' s army . 7 . That as soon as a sufficient number of names be enrolled , these propositions be submitted to her Majesty ' s Government .

    Gholaij Singh . —The death of Gholab Singh is confirmed . Department of Science and Art . —The annual distribution of the national medals for drawing among th » students of the Schools of Art of the United Kingdom took place , in the Manchester Town-hall , on the evening of Friday week , under the presidency of Carl Granvillc . The exhibition of the prize designs by students in all the Schools of Art in the kingdom had previously been opened at the Manchester School of Art . The collection comprised upwards of five hundred specimens , filling three largo rooms . On the occasion

    of the prize distribution , the principal room of the Town-hall was completely filled "with ladies and gentle . men . Lord Granville was accompanied , as the deputation from London , by the Right Hon . "W . F . Cowper , M . P ., Mr . Redgrave , and Mr . Cole . On the pl . itform were also the Bishop of Manchester , Mr . W . Diirgan ( of Dublin ) , Mr . Chectham , M . P ., Mr . R . N . Phillips , M \ l \ , Mr . Josph Whitworth , Mr . W . IFairbairn , and most of tho gentlemen who have been engaged in promoting tho Manchester School of Art and Iho Exhibition of Art Treasures . Several speeches of considerable length were made ; but the pressure on our spaco forbids our giving any extracts from them .

    The Defence of thb Colonies . —A ' Circular Despatch' has been issued from tlio Colonial-oflice to the Governors of colonies , in which BIr . Labouchere snys : — " I am desirous that you Bhould tako every opportunity oft impressing upon your Government that it behoves thorn not to neglect that reasonable amount o f warlike preparation during peace which it is desirable should be evorj'whero maintained . It i- - » obvious that tho state of defence in which each colony is maintained must have a great influence upon

    the general resources of the empire during war . They will bo a source of weakness in so far as it is necesaury for tho land and sea forces of the mother country to defend them against aggression , and a source of strength if , while they arc able to repel any ordinary effortn of an enemy ' s squadron , they will afford shi'ltor and support to our own forces . In fact , tho defuiiues of the colonies , from whatever source maintained , form part of tho defences of the empire , and it will be necessary that the Secretary of State for " War should have on record information as to tho state of defence in which each colony is kept . "

    Untitled Article

    996 THE LEAPEB . [ No . 395 , October 17 , 1857 ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 17, 1857, page 996, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2214/page/12/