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Leader (1850-1860), 6th June 1857, Edition 1 of 2, Page 534, Untitled Article

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      The recent stocms of thunder , lightning , and rain ., have caused immense damage to the crops in several of the departments . of Erafice . Besides the violence of the hail and wind , the rivers in many places overflowed , causing a large number , of vines to be swept away , and Bven throwing down massive buildings . ; A lamentable * event has' happened in the roads of Belle Isle . The English galiot John Edward , Captain Evans , was lying at anchor , when the French war cutter Amaranthe , which was on . guard , fired a shot , to make the Englishman show its colours . This was not attended to ; and a second musket , loaded with ball , was discharged -at the vessel . The result was that John Williams , a seaman , was instantly shot dead .

      The trial of the conspirators called the Francs-Juges has been concluded before the Court of Correctional Police . It was proved that they met by night to enrol members outside the walls of Paris ; that they wore masks , and were otherwise disguised . Their object was the establishment of a democratic and social republic , and their pass-words were ' Courage , ' ' Vengeance , ' ' Alibaua , ' ' Pianori , ' Milano . ' Of the forty-five arrested six were acquitted . Kavet , Desmoulins , Aucaigue , Franjois , and Joseph , proved to have been the chiefs of the secret society , were sentenced to periods of

      imprisonment varying from four years to eighteen months , and to pay fines varying from 500 fr . to 200 fr . The remainder were sentenced to imprisonment for periods varying from two years to six months , and to fines varying from 300 £ r . to lOOfr . It is not generally known that all members of a secret society are subject , by an Imperial decree , to be transported to a penal colony after the expiration of the sentence of tlie court . —2 'imes Parts Correspondent . Ferakh Khan , the Persian Ambassador at Paris , lias receweel the official news of the ratification at Teheran of the treaty of peace with England .

      Marshal de Castellane has been sent by the Emperor from Ii . yons to Geneva , to compliment the Dowager-Empress of Austria . A new kind of manure has been invented by M . Biches , a gentleman of some note in the agricultural world , it is a , chemical composition , the nature of whioh is still kept secret by the inventor ; but its mode of application is rather curious , the grain intended to be sown being mechanically coated with the compound previously to its being consigned to the earth . The

      richjprinciple being thus in immediate contact with the seed to be developed , the soil needs no other kind of manure . Four pounds of the compound are sufficient for an acre of land . According to M . Biches ' s experiments , the application of his manure would raise the present yield of France from 82 , 000 , 000 hectolitres of wheat to 410 , 000 , 000 . Dr . Stockhard , Professor at the Academy of Tharand , in Saxony , has lately pronounced in favour of this system . — Times Paris Correspondent . in

      A Signor Sirtori , an Italian patriot , residing France , and a noted opponent of Muratism , suddenly disajBpeared about the middle of last Slay , after having had an altercation with three other Italians , who advocate the cause of Mnrat . For some time his friends could not find him ; at length , they discovered the missing . patriot shut up in a lunatic aBylum at Bieetre , where it was impossible for him to communicate with any one . The friends addressed themselves to the authorities , and he was at once restored to liberty . There was nothing whatever the matter with him 5 but it is said that he was subjected to the restraint of a straitwoistcoat for three days . The explanation is to the etfect that a mistake on the part of a sorgent-de- villo led to his confinement .

      The second portion of the report of the Minister of War on the present state of Algeria has been published by the Jkfoniteur . The Minister , in his recapitulation ut the end , says : — " In whatever way I consider Algeria , as regards its native population , I have nothing but improvement to . announce to your Majesty . The country in a state of tranquillity ., roads in course of construction , increase of cultivation , public works in progress , crimes and transgressions diminishing , the Arab population more , inclined to obedience—every day , I may say , rewards our efforts with fresh succoss . Our moral influence even extends beyond our opuexo of action . "

      4 / 178 TRIA . Tho fittle Asjohdaahees Sophia died at Buda on the evening of Friday -week . The . Emperor ihoo continued his . progress through Hungary , receiving from < the loyally-disposed various demonstrations of homage dn accordance with the old , pictuneuqoe , and somewhat wild cuBtorau of the Magyars . In canwwraenoe , of fthe death of thoir infant daughter , tha BmpewirjwBdEhnpTOta weturrotUo Vdoana fieutec , titow oa » Uiw who , embe » jalea the a&ftyOftOifloxine from ( the iBank . of Vienna , hats onado n fuli loawfesaioa < of his guilt . Xfolosi tho greater part . of ( that sum in the lottery , to win in which he believed too ihad on infallible calculation . Ho also lost money in gambling in . the public jfitnds .

      XXUUAT , The Empress Dowager of itnerfa Aaffc Twin by railymy -to Snao , en / route tar Qouavm mad . Gewuiuir / , on itiho morning of the 20 th ult . , 'JDha Sandiniun anonarck , itke Princess ClotUdo , ana the Prince Carlgnano ,

      aocompanied the Empress as far as Susa . On the previous day , the King of Saxony and his daughter , the Duche . 33 of Genoa , arrived at the royal palace ; but they also departed on the 25 th . During her stay in the Sardinian dominions , the Russian Empress scattered about with' a free hand , not onlv money to the poor , but stars and crosses to the nobility and officials , from the highest almost to > the humblest . There was one exception , however , which has led to much comment ; Signor Hattazzi , the Minister of the Interior , received jio adornment . The har . v . est-in Piedmont promises to be excellent .

      A Papal notification , dated Ancona , May 19 , announces the cessation of the state of siege in the Eomagna , Ancona , and part of the province of Pesaro , being the only territoriea where it was still in force . All the prisoners uuder trial by court-martial are to be delivered . up to the civil authorities . Nevertheless , cases of resistance to the armed force and of offences against the Austrian military are still to be under the cognizance of the Austrian courts-martial . The city of Genoa has just escaped a grave danger . The nine hundred prisoners of the bagne had planned an attempt at escape , but fortunately the plot was discovered in time . The city was plunged into great consternation by the bare announcement . that the prisoners intended making the attempt .

      Great excitement has been caused in the city of Naples in consequence of the robbery of the most celebrated diamonds of Sicily , those of the Duchess de Savigliano , daughter of General Filangieri . The robbers are said to have left nothing but ths cases . The value is about 225 , 000 fr .

      RUSSIA . A company has been formed , and has received the Government concession , for a line of railway in Finland , which i . s to run from St . Petersburg to Tawastehus , and subsequently to Abo . Advices from Russia state positively that all the necessary preparations have been made by the Government for the commencement of the St . Petersburg-Warsaw line with its branch to the Prussian frontier . The works have indeed commenced at seyerul points . Several of tlie clergy started in the early part of May for Pekin , to relieve their countrymen who have completed their ten years of service in watching over the Russian settlers and Russian churches in the Chinese capital . The Muscovites in China are said to suffer less from persecution than any other Christian sects ; and this is attributed to their not endeavouring to make proselytes .

      The two Americans , Messrs . Collins and Pay ton , who have lately passed up the Amoor , in order to open commercial relations with the adjacent regions , have had a very warm and flattering reception . At a banquet given in their honour , they alluded to the cordial friendship existing between their countrymen and Russia , and referred more especially to the conduct of the Americans during the late war . As a reward for his fidelity to the throne , the Emperor has made M . Anthony Frenkel , a Jew banker residing at Warsaw , a Baron of the Empire .

      PRUSSIA . About forty families of the Neufchtktel royalists have emigrated from the Swisp canton to Prussia . They are watch work-makers . swrrzEnx . Ajs » . A terrible accident happened on Thursday -week in the excavation of the railway tunnel , at Huuenstein . The tunnel suddenly fell in , and almost the whole of tlie labourers who were at that moment at work ivoro cither crushed to death or stifled . About fifty aro believed to have perished .

      GERMANY . The common Diet of the duchies of Gotha and Coburg ( says a letter in the New Prussian Gazette ) has pronounced in favour of the complete union of the two duduiee . The only inodillcation introduced into the Government bill i » the insortion of the two articles of the conatidution which lay down that thoDuko , or in default the regent , shall give written oaths of obedience to the constitution , before any ofchor governmental act . After this vote the Diet was pioroguod for an iodeilnlto period by the Minister of State , M . von Seebach . Luther ' s mannuge-ring haa just boon found . It is of plain gold , with a cross in xiubioa , and beara inside the inscription " I ) . Martino Luthero—CalUarlna Bora . " The authenticity of tho ring , however , is questioned . A description of the real one wau given in « Yfoiik i > ublishert in 1741 and in a catalogue in 1817 .

      , 3 M . VG respectable inhabitants of Mooklonlmre-Schwerin MM . TutoIc and Wiggors , profoseora of the Rostoolt Umiveroity * > Sohwarte and Biuhine , merchants ; and a lawyer named Uttoruaard , of . the eamo town , -wororooontly condemned to five yeare' impwaopmont ity having concealed muuitions of wur . They had already boon submitted tp a . preventive impriuoiunont of nowiy bus years . Tho fQtnand il > ube haa aaow ordonod tho roleaee of those gentlemen without any petition for gracq JwiVinff boon sent In on thoir mart .

      TiOWTUOAL . Tho contract for tho railway between Lisbon and Oiportp lately . entered into with Bir Morton Poto luui boon definitively approved by tho Legislature , the

      measure having passed the Chamber oF Peers An rangement has also been made for a settlement of ttT claims of Messrs . Shaw and Waring in connexion win the works already constructed on the portion of theli between Lisbon ami Santarem . e SPAIN . Robberies of churches have been very frequent of hf in Spain—a fact which woifid seem to indicate tfmf Spaniards arc nut so entirely , «> r at n-ny rate not so di interestedly , devoted to the Church as they used to be . " " Some youths of Granada have been concerned in ., bread riot . The disturbance was soon suppressed by the troops ; but the city was declared in a state of sieee and several persons were arre .-tod , while others were eV polled from the town . BliLGIVJt . The Grand Duke Constantiue , on his journey lioni " from France , has visited the King of Belgium at Bra / scls .

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      CAPTURE OF A FORGER . Joim TirAKG Hauiiadi-nk , who has latel y made himself notorious throughout Huntingdonshire , by committing several bill forgeries , luis been examined on a churgcof stealing a horse from the stables of a ^ entleman living at . Bromham , in Bedfordshire , of whom he formerly rented a farm at Radwell . For some time past a lar » -e reward had been offered for the apprehension of Harradine on various charges of forgery , bnt without success , and it was generally supposed that lie had left England ! He had , however , after going through a series of strange adventures in different parts of the country , resided for several months in Bedfordshire , where the long beard which he wore , and other disguises , had prevented him from being recognised . After lie had 1 1 flue ted the robbery of the horse , he rode up to London , where he was seen by a policeman . 011 tlie 22 nd o ! " last month , riding through Whetstone . A few ( Lays afterwards , an advertisement appeared , stating that a cob had been stolen at Bromham , the description of which exactly corresponded with the appearance of the horse on winch Harradir . e had been seen riding at Whetstone . Having seen this advertisement , the policeman succeeded , after a time , ia tracing the horse to Rfdan Cottayes , Upper Holloway . He took it to Bedfordshire , where it was identified by the right owner . Harradine was apjrrehcnrted' in the neighbourhood of the Redan Cottages by another policeman , on the night of tlie day on which the horse was found . He was then taken to l > edfuid , and was recognised by the police ¦ superintendent th ' ji-e . He then made a statement , to the effect that lie never meant to steal the horse , and that lie came to Bedford for the sole purpose of giving himself up to justice . When before the magistrates , he repeated this statement , adding that he had for a long time intended to give himself up , as he was tired of his mode of life , and was very unhappy , his wife and family appearing to be more against him than am-body else , rle was committed for trial .

      The Attempted Wubdkk in Socthwakk . — Jomes Buckley , the man chnrged last week at Lambeth ( aa related in this paper ) with nearly murdering a servant girl , by striking her on the head with a hammer tnree times , was again examined on Tuesday . Mrs . Davis , the mistress , who hnd jumped out of window in her fright , appeared , and said she had known tlie man tor many years , and had declined nn offer of marriage from him . She had not given any orders to her servan to deny him admittance . The young woman stated tftat she gave no provocation ; and Raker , in reply to w « charge , said that ho had been in the Orhn-n L nd uiiiUKV , oinu w' »> •»« »•»•• - — - — . . , 1 . 1 . nn / l mi in Health ««

      Transport Corp * , had Buffered greatly , « £ the day before tho attack had drunk Homo apinU , wwjn appeared to make him mad . He expressed great botm J , and bogged for mercy . Mr . Norton sent lvta to ««• Houae of Correction for four months , with hard labow Falimuk 13 ank E ^«^^^^ IItNT -7 \ Ynd 0 dE the defaulting bank agent , who recently »^ opdod « J Fttlkirk , committed suicide on Sunday forenoon , by nmj Ing himself in thtatablo of tho H « rp Inn , ^ J ^ ^ O ^^^ ^ S ^^^

      the poaco . , T , __ ,.. „ russeu--Tim AaTBWPTKD W « Mvvjmu . in Ll " « ho ata » ds strbkt . .-Jmnos Geary , the young » _ >« J" murto charged at Bow-atroot with having atto « l { ° J 2 utrMf , his wife by cutting her tthroat , in J ' ^ ™ w . was brought up on Monday , « nd igata ^ ^ matidoU for a wocU . It was stn * 0 tl ;« t two ^ proffrosBOd very favourably within «> ° ^ T J th < W though unable to loavo the hospital at p . oHOnt , ia now every hope of her v ™™ " * ™™^ ** - ** A Dhunkicn ConmwTou oir . " ^ i oiorkqiwdl , Symonds , a wood-aoivyor , W ; ns ^™* ™ ltJ tflt on Monday , with a violent awmult on ^ unlB Whom ho cohabited . Wo b a ««« j d » J « , » ; yJj 0 b ho was taken into custody , llvcO . with ma 1

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      5 ^ T _ H E _ jL E A B ^ jg ,. [ No . 376 , Saturday

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      OUR CIVILIZATION , « .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), June 6, 1857, page 534, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2196/page/6/