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    i&jffeek cowt ,,-wl » nearer . lofifc sight of hi * jruarpascv or faltered in . hia execution of it ; tvhorhacL finatd » Bcientifie ^ grou nd for his acti ons * an end for his- enda ; -who only aSeftad ineobereaee » and . that it vfas be -wbo was iatxigning to such purpose with . ttcpJUAJfEBS . ' . ¦' . . : . -. '¦ Sbakapeaare * bioMelf was thet servmg-iaaan of the ruling philosophers ; lie TO& pafeDooued . by them ; , he lent them his name ; they hid their lamps under liia bushel ; they sapped , the basia of kingly and feudal tyranny ; they preached tenafi ® gospels through the- mouths of Hamlet and Brutus ; : they -wrote , irt private cabiaeta , pieces for the Globe Theatre , in which the real meaning : coald only be xead by the sympathetic light of some future century : — .: ¦ , ' ¦ - ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦; ' . . ' . . ¦ ; . .. . ¦ -. ; ; -.. ¦; ¦ . / ¦ '¦¦ ¦' . ' : . ••

    Driven from one field , they showed themselves in . another . Driven from tlie open dield , they fought in secret . " I -will bandy -with thee in faction , I will o'ermn thee -with policy , I will kffl thee a Imnclred and fifty -ways , " the Jester who brought their -challenge sawt The Elfeafcethao Eagjand rejected the Elicabetha-n man . She would hxve noo » otMs meddling with her affairs . She sent him to the Tower , and to the block , if ever . she . caught , him meddling with . them . She buried him alive in the heart of hia time . She took the seal » ofoffice , shetook the sword from hi 3 hand and put a peaia . it . She would have of him . a Han ofiLetters . And a Man of Letters he became . A Man of Bones . He invented new letters in his need , letters that would

    gp farther than , the sword , teat carried more execution in them than the great seal . Banished from the state in that isle to which he -was banished , he found not the baseborn Caliban only , to instruct , and train , and subdue to his ends , but an Ariel , an imprisoned Ariel , vrafting to "b& released , able to conduct his masques , able to put bis girdles round tlfe- earth , and to ** perform and point" to his Tempest . Indeed ^ the- theatre was called the Glob e b y Raleigh ,, wlo thought at the time of nisgeograpbieal enterprises . This is conclusive—at least Delia thinks so . We are a little puzzled , however , to know what was Bacon ' s share aird wirat KaleighV in the authorship of Shaksgearej at all events , it seems SiukspeOreyrtss not written by Colley Cibber .

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    YINETAUDS . AND WINE-CELLARS . A , Pilgrvmyein $ > Dauphine : Comprising a , Visit to the Monastery of tlie Grande Cluvr treuse , $ c $ c ~ By the Bev- G . M * Musgrave , M . A . 2 . Vols . Hurst and Blackett . Wb desire to "be on good teruas with Mr .. Musgrave , and shall abstain , as carefully , aa possible . from noticing his opinions , of politics or public characters .. He is quite firee to misunderstand French history , manners , and men ; no { jceat barm is done when he writes his worst concerning George Sand ; He . ^ specially , an . artist , an archaeologist , and a collector of agreeable gossip ; so that we have * found his two volumes very entertaining and doubt not that roanj readers will admit them to contain matter that will at once instruct and amuse . The tourist who treads in Mr . Musgrave's steps will find him a . cheerful companion and sl trustworthy guide ; stay-at-home people will welcome his chapters of purple picture and fascinating statistics of vineyards , and ' wine-cellara . These chapters would suffice to ensure the reception

    Mr . Musgrave ' s next observations were in Burgundy , or the Co * / VrT " When a regiment on march gains first sight of the Clos VonoE * 2 f * officer in command gives orders to present arms" to acknowledW tb ^ maey of tee grape- The Chambertiir estate comprises less than twentV ^^ * Golden Fields , or Golden Slopes , as the people style them . Near it TnT Clos Napoleon , After ample out-door inspections , Mr . Mus « rave vf , the pressoir , to examine the crushing machinery three hundrecfveELrq i'i a ponderous structure that exhibits no indications of decay its com parts , the tourist says , have been but slightly altered since the main STf the entire stem of a fine" oat—supporting the screw apparatus w , T twenty feet deep into the ground , before Louis XIV . -was born j BnfrtT richest wine does not-flow-from this machine ; it is the fruit of th fi crush , the bursting of the grapes under their own pressure when beanf ^ a vat , and left for hours to distil into the trough beneath . Little f tv * splendid wine reaches England . ,- it is frequently stolen on the wav ! w always adulterated . ' ' «* unosfc An interesting account is added of the famous liqueurs marto o ( . lt 4 \ ' tJ 5

    n ^^^ j . ., * ~ cu ,. . T"u ~_~ . r ,.... _ . :.. j .: ^_ m _ - > . ~ " aue ac e Grande Chartreuse . There arefour varieties . The principal is the El' - it is sold in bottles , put up in wooden cases , turned in bottle shape and' ^ ivi at a high price . The Green liqueur is as strong ¦ as ¦ Scotch wliiskvo curacoa , but with no flavour- of orange ; its aroma is apparently derrra ? from angelica plant , thymej and sweet balm-mint , compounded with variou others . The Yellow Liqueur is neither so potent nor so sweet . The Whit is called also the Balm of the Chartreuse . Upwards of fifty plants seed and flowers are used m the fabrication of these li queurs ; the chief basf * being the first shoots of the pine-tree , wormwood ( or absinthe ) , mountain pinks , mint , and balm , the essentials of which are distilled and mln » Ied with great art in the secret laboratory of the Chartreuse . °

    We can point to Mr . Musgrave ' s volumes as particularly rich in local sketches ; the reader who can tolerate an occasional obtrusion of opinionated levity will be interested and informed .

    of the book , which abaunds , however , in pleasant sketches , describing scenery , social habits , and incidents by the way . We are almost tempted to believe that Mr . Musgrave ' s political theories are only those of an artist allured by a gorgpeous perspective , or aa archaeologist enslaved by a reliquary show , and that . he . has . never read George Sand , and slanders her sincerely . So we refuse to converse with him on these topics , and diverge into the gardens of Meaux . One Bpecics of rose derives its name from Meaux , but hundreds are produced in that paradise of pink petals , where the Giant of Battles , the Field of the Cloth of Gold , and the Queen . Hose are among the conspicuous varieties . The smallest is the Pompon , a tree not more than twelve inches in height , with , a tiny tufted blossom . The Greeks scented their wine with the essence of the rose , so that a brief discourse upon " the woman of the flowers" fitly introduces a memorial of Epernay , where dwell M . Moet and Madame C / lacquot , sovereigns of Champagne . M . Moet has two palaces , on opposite sides of the same street , and in one of these he lodged Napoleon on the eve of the battle of Montmirail- In the other he dwells himself . Mr .

    Musgrave counted ninety orange-trees in his flower garden ; not far stands the rival castle of Madame Clicquot , seated upon a high hill , and holding its niachiculated and turretteel battlements in huge pride above vine-covered liills , the ruins of Chateau Clmtillon , and the exuberant clusters of AX , She possesses , it is said , fourfold the wealth of M . Moet , and her four daughters ace all married to opulent men .. M . Moet , however , is considerably rich , employs two hundred workpeople , keeps a stock of three million bottles of wioe , besides seven vast tuns , in which seventy Dukes of Clarence might have been suffocated , and stores with his champagne a labyrinth of well-ventilated vaults , some of which are fifty feet below the surface of the ground . Here Mr . Miisgrave pauses to remark that every pint and a half of Champagne -wineundergpes , before it finds its \ vay to the table , not less than a hundred ani fifty several processes of manipulation .

    At Rheims he . resumes , his notea on wine . Champagne is seldom drunk pure in England ; th e * Russians prefer It in its native state ; but for the British market * to every forty gallons of wine from five to ten . gallons of brandy is . added . The sweetening is artificial—white sugar from the Isle of Bourbon costing , in caskB , ninepence per pound . Mr . Muagrave drank some unsweetened champagne '; . " a more unpalatable drink under the denomination , of , wine . I never tasted . It was like Sauternc mixed with wormwood J' The finest quality on the spot was sold at four . shulmgs a bottle , tbe , commonest , or pink ehaiapftgnej at two shillings and ninepence . It is calculated that a . dozen of the finest llheiiaa growth could not be delivered London at le

    or a price ss , thaw sixty-eight shilling * the dozen . But Mr . ^ r ^ f ^ V ®^ observes , w * y properly , that when you have the best wine , you should hare the beat glaatres to drink it from ; and we hopcrour manufacturers may adopt tno pattern- of the specimen he brought from Kheims 3 in the broad ^ saucer-shaped glass the effervescence is speedily dead , as also in the old-fiiajioned long glasa-in tno form , of an inverted funnel . The stem B i 1 ¥ t ~?™ \ ** approaches the circular flat upon which it stands , should , be ^ eetly globular . As long as this containa any wine t a column ot nx « a aw i * secu « sceadi » and keeping up the sparkling action , not pleasant , U . th * crj-e alooe , but condu cive ta tbe flavour and cordial to the TOWTQ . ¦

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    HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH CONSTITUTION A . Concise , History ¦ oj ' the Enffttsfi Constitution . By Edward Howlej . London . 1857 . Longman and . Co . This book would be more interesting if it were less professional . It is the misfortune of men engaged in one pursuit that they parade that pursuit in the most ordinary events of life . 1 'he soldier judges civil afiairs invariably according to the articles of martial law . A learned schoohnaster is generally a pedant . Divines view the most trivial matters with a theological eye , whilst actors and actresses enter society with the strut and the elocution of the stage . Mr . Howley is no exception to the general rule .

    Had we opened his book and read the first few sentences of it without remarking the " of the Middle Temple , Barrister-at-Law" appended to his name , we should at onee have divined the author to bet a niemljer of the wig-and-gown fraternity . This is an objeetion , a strong objection to a book evidently written with the purpose of its becoming popular . We believe that even the History of the English Constitution is capable of being written in an easy , clear , and popular style , and , therefore , regard the work a failure -which is too incomplete for the incipient barristt ^ y and too overcharged with the jargon and mannerism of law-books to be acceptable to the general reader .

    If an Englishman be asked what is his Constitution , he would be puzzled to tell what it is . He would probably metaphorically answer , that it was a stately tree the growth of ages , whose roots had struck deep into the immemorial cu stoms and usages of the country , 0 verlaid , of co urse , with a stiff stratum of statutes and precedents , and -whose branches happily sheltered all who lived under it from the blasts and the heats of . tyranny . This is practically well ; but is it not an anomaly that those who oi \ joy the greatest amount of freedom of any people under the sun should not be able to define what their Constitution is . Ask an American , and lie will unrol

    to you a parchment sacredly preserved in the ai-chives oi his country , and containing not many clauses and sections . He will tell you , This is our Constitution ; it is this that we will ever preserve as the palladium of our liberties . It is surprising how incapable are even those studied m the statutes and usages of the country of giving a clear nnd comprehensible definition of the English Constitution . " As it substantially exists , " says Mi \ Howley , 41 it may be defined as the aggregate of the laws , that determine the political relations between the bodies that share in sovereign power and betweeu those bodies and all subordinate legislatures , together with the laws that regulate the political relations- between tbe sovereign bodies , the

    subordinate legislatures , and the individual members of the community . Aggregate off the laws ! What a hopeful prospect for the young student to be told that his Constitution is the aggregate of the laws that determine the political relations between bodies , &c , when he remembers the volumes upon volumes of statutes that encumber the shelves of our law depositors , and , moreover , when he is informed that the amount of mcoherency awl inconsistency ,. not to say contradiction , in these statutes is no great tliatic requites all the learning as well as all the practised acumen of a judge to bring these anomalies into harmony , and decide what is constitutional ana

    what lanot . . . Mr .. Howley begins his exposition of the British Constitution by an inquiry into the origin and extent of sovereign power . In . Lngtoud , vc » nu that from the earliest times this power has been considerably limited . J . ue trial by jury proved always a safeguard to tbe liberty of the subject . Contemporary with the Plautagonets , a . French gentleman or iioblemtunTas liable to be called before a single judge under tho luiUence ot the jen g and , being pronounced guilty , without any formal process of law , ^ & ^ put in a sack during tho night , and thrown into a river . It is true uuu . legal irregularities did occut even in this country under reguL out iorin , but the king- suffered for it in owe way or another , or obtained u »« eu J »» J for himself and bis , accomplices from tbe Parliament . Never was tlie iojj prerogative stretched to such unwonted length as by the mtatuateu Charles . I . This prince , under some fatal hallucination , persisted m cxwua

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    Sim TEE LEIDEB ; [ No . 369 , Sa-tuiuiav

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), April 18, 1857, page 378, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2189/page/18/