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    citizens of the United State 3 . ' - Tliev arc foreigners , therefore . There have been formerly foreigners in the Union wlio were not citizens of the United States , — -they were the German " redemptioners ., " who were sold before . their own faces without knowing it , because they could not speak the language . There is a difference between those men and the Itfegro , in the fact that the Negroes can speak tlie language , and that they are already m arked by their colour with a peculiar badge . Thus they better Inow their positioft , and can less- escape it . Arid the decision of the Supreme Court , which

    deprives them of any counteractive to the power of their owners , calls forth new dangers in the slavery question . Contemporaneously with this event , also , is the seizure and fining of two Negroes—British subjects—for leing at large in Norfolk , ¦ Virg inia , without authoritative leave . We do not at all anticipate that that last incident will give rise to difficulties . A similar case took place at Charleston ; and while this country suspended action upoirit at the instance of the Federal Government , the State Government , we believe , ultimately took up tke subject ; , and placed it on a better footing .

    The reception given by the New York Chamber of Commerce to Lord ISfAriER shows how anxious the Americans are to maintain a real understanding with the people of this country . But all these circumstances prove how important it is to have at the head of our own affairs a Minister that accords with the opinions and interests of this constitutional and commercial country , and acts in a manner that we can alL comprehend .

    To turn from the "West to the Easternmost part of Europe , we have a very curious occurrence ^—the issue of a notification , by the Turkish Government of conditions on which European foreigners sliall be allowed to colonize the provinces of the Ottoman Empire , more especially Roumelia . The conditions are advantageous . The emigrant will require , a capital of nearly 60 / . ; but with that he will have many of the advantages of a new country with the opportunity of an old . WTiat a seed to sow in that Mussulman-Christian Empire !

    and the Privy Council is invoked to decide that question-of buttons . The funv becomes tragic when -we sec the rising importance of the Fraud interest . It is becoming quite powerful , and even where fraud has not established itself , commerce is acquiring the new aspect very extensively . This week we have had exposures of the London and Eastern Bank , which carried on . banking transactions .-with India , and had a paid-up capital of 260 , 000 ? . In three yeays since its establishment it has lent to its own Directors and Manager 290 , 000 / . Then there is th& London and 3 * &l ? is Bank , viffiose tjffi&king operations appear to have been limited to a preliminary expenditure

    of 14 , 422 / ., and there the shareholders stop—and very prudent are they too . Sometimes shareholders go on to make dividends ; a very hazardous process in these days . Then there is the Australian Agricultural Company , with apaid-up capital of 380 , 000 / . and 700 , 000 acres of valuable land , yet , without immediate resources- —the shareholders suddenly discovering the activity with which they have collectively distanced the constable . Then there is the North of Europe Steam Company , with a capital of 500 , 000 / ., declaring a dividend of 8 per cent , on a realized loss of 50 , 000 / . ; the proceedings having been duly certified by an eminent accountant , and the Managing Directors having 1 expatiated on the flourishing condition of the enterprise .

    The Board of Trade returns show au immense increase of our exports on the first two months of the present year ; although tlie exports last year were unprecedented in the aggregate . The wealth of the country , therefore , goes on increasing , and some persons we know are making enormous fortunes . There is a vast amount of disposable wealth , and it is thrown , about so carelessly that gentlemen may get hold of it , even when they are iu " Whitecross-street , to set up Banks withal . For it turns out , on . the final examination , of Mr . Esdaixe , Governor of the Hoyal British Bank , that John MenzieS , Esq ., was actually in " Whitecross-street when tlie Bank was first commenced , and he was first appointed to the Secretaryship . And our readers will remember that Mr . Menzies was rather

    among the victims than the victors . Yet the disclosures in the Court of Bankruptcy respecting that model bank continue with increasing interest , and the public is looking with great curiosity to the examination of Mr . ArsxEY Pjsxlatt , M . P .

    The interruption of diplomatic relations between Austria and Sai'dinia raises the question how we stand with reference to those two States . The letter of the l ? rench Envoy at Rome to Count Walewskt , whether of old or new date , throws light \ ipon the subject . " We seem to be implicated in some arrangements or managements in Europe not very consistent with straightforwardness , with the progress of constitutional government , or with English interests .

    A new idea— " the Scandinavian Idea , " —has attained sufficient proportions to alarm the Danish Government . It is a project for uniting all the sections of the Scandinavian race under one monarchy . And here again something is going forward to alter the relations of the Baltic States with ench other , if not tlieir internal institutions . Meanwhile , the two sections of the Bourbon family—Vaxois and Orleans—have split iigain , to Vhc express regret of IIunry y . They ciumot agree , it is said , about the fins which they will \ isc ¦

    when , they get at the monarchy again . Wo may laugh at the follies of foreign nations , but they might tell ua to look a , t home . Here we find a miserable beer-shop keeper ia Staffordshire penally condemned for obtaining money under false pretences—the man having screwed thirty pounds out of a farmer on the pretence that he would cure the man ' s family and flocks of witclicraft Witches abound iu Staffordshire and ¦ Warwick-Blare ; thoro were several in . court at the trial Ihiia that

    . we sec persons whoso property gives them a right , to the franchise , —a right denied to men that could turn such superstitions inside out , —are amongst the easiest dupes of tlio witches Nor is tho joko limited to humbler men or mere rustics and farmers Here is the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sitting iu grave judgment upon the question , whether or not iTicro shall bo eamUcsticks and crosses in certain churches , lace ot frince upon the drapery of those elmrclvcs i both sides attaching the gravest importance either to tho presence of the l » cc , or to its Prolostaat prohibition . "

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    POLICE SERMON'S ON THE MARRIAGE LAW . While legislators potter and compromise on the great question of a reform of the existing laws affecting marriage and the position of women , and while the constituencies are in the din of that contest which will probably end in an equal amount of pottering and compromising with , respect to this and other questions , the police-courts from day to day f » rnish us -with evidence of the necessity that exists for placing the relationship of husband and wife on some footing which shall not leave the latter in the position of a mere slave to the brutal tyranny or fantastical caprice of the former . The Hon . Felix Drawley , 31 . P . for the Scilly Islands , may protest before high Heaven—and the House of Commonsthat , if the indissoluble bond of wedlock be made dissoluble at any lower tariff than that now fixed by

    children , who were speaking of the end of the world She was " talking good words to them , " asT stated to the magistrate ; and the daughter wax < w ing she put her trust in God , when the hu = bam ? " who seems to put trust in nothing but Iris nu strong afro ,, leaped off the bed on which he was IviL swore at his wife " for talking to the children In » struck her on the top of the head , and knock ed her down . He then kicked her all over the bod v W , l dragged her about by the hair of the head Tl ~ e t , n a boy between fourteen and fifteen , interfered ™ i was thrown across the room against the wall so ' thatlite" nose Was broken . The daughter Avas also "t riously injured ; and the frightened children " ^ length got the aid of a policeman , who came in ?; , « , tosave Ii 1 e , and to hear the father threatening to •' lump Ins son s inside out . " to

    -Well , John Sweeney has got six months' hard labour m the House of Correction , and vIkmi iVp comes out he will have to find good bail for another term of like duration . But what then ? The tini- < will speedily arrive when John Sweeney will beat liberty again to enforce his own notions of religious fv eedom after his own fashion , because Mrs . Sweeney cannot come Tip to the price required for setting aside Heaven ' s ordinances . A , nd the Hon . Felix l ? rawlev wiil again edify his Scilly constituents , smd his uncle the Bishop will once more comfort the House of Peers , by standing up for the sacred character of that compact whose only sorvent is gold .

    The case is not unmatched , as ou r readers well know .. A day -or two after , a similar charge was heard at Clerkenwell , ending in the s ame ' sentence and other cases have "been brought forward during the week . But mere punishment -will be simply nugatory while the Honourables and . the Bishops have it all their own-way .

    law , morality "will straightwny give up the ghost . The same worthy gentleman ' s uncle , the Bishop , may assure the House of Feers that n grand convulsion of the universe has been expressly arranged for , if Parliament should aitompt to put asunder those whom the parish priest hath joined —\ inless in accordance ¦ with the aforesaid highly respectable scale of prices , determined by the wisdom of our ancestors . In vain ! Mrs . Smith goes before the Westminster magistrate- with a broken head , the complement of twenty years of ill-usngo from her husband ; Mrs . Barney O'Shallaghan—with one eye oufc and the other shut up—appeals to tlie Clcvlcenwell dispenser of police law against the violence of her lord and master ; and the M . P . and the Bishop are shattered to nieces by the rude , stern facts ,

    A case of moro than usual pertinence was heard at Worship-street towards tho close of last week . John Sweeney is a working man ( not that working men arc the only persons guilty of these outrages ) , and it would appear that Ivo entertains objections to religion . Ho enforces his infidelity in much the snino manner as tlmt in which religious bigots enforce their faith—by physical violence , and a prohibition of the right of discussing such matters . ITor his wife was one morning talking religion to her

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    THE ENIGHTSBRIDGE CHUECH CASE . The judgment of the Judicial Committee of tliaPrivy Council on the appeals of Liddell v . . Westerttvn , and Liddell v . Beal , from the Court of Arches , - was delivered last Saturday . The Lord Chancellor , Lord Wensleydale , the Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall , Sit- John Patteson , Sir "W \ H . Maule , the Archbishop of ' Canter- " bury , and the IHshop of London , were present . The judgment stated that their lordships have come to the conclusion that crosses , as distinguished from crucifixes , have been in use , as ornaments of churches , from the earliest periods of Christianity ; that when used as mere emblems of the Christian faith , ana not as objects of superstitious reverence , they may still lawfully

    be erected in architectural decorations of-churches ; that the w ooden cross erected on the chancel screen of St . Barnabas ia to be considered as a mere architectural ornament ; and that , as to this emblem , they must advise her Majesty to reverse the judgment complained of . Another question is , whether the stone structure at Sfc . Barnabas is a communion table within the meaning oi the Canons and the Rubric ; and their lordships are clearly of opinion that it is not . " With respect to the wooden cross attached to the communion table at St . Paul ' s , their lordships are clearly of opinion that it is not consistent either with the spirit or with the letter oi

    the regulations ; and they recommend that upon these points the decree complained of should be affirmed . Ab to the credence tables , their lordships advise a reversal of the sentence complained of . Next , as to tho embroidered cloths , it is said that the Canon orders a covering of silk , or of some other proper material , lmt that it does not mention , and therefore by implication excludes , more than one covering . Their lordships are unable to adopt this construction . An order that a table shall always be covered with a cloth surely does not imply that it shall always bo covered with the same cloth , or with a cloth of the same colour or texture . In tliiaca . se

    their lordships do not see any sufficient reason for interference , and they therefore advise the reversal of tho sentence as to the cloths used for the covering of ( he Lord ' s table during the time of divine service , both with respect to St . Paul ' s and to St . Barnabas . The last question id with respect to tho embroidered linen and lace used on the communion table at tho time of the ministration of the Holy Communion . Tholtubric and the Canons prescribe tho use of a fair white linen cloth , and both tlie learned Judges in the Court below have been of opinion that embroidery and luce are not consistent with the moaning of that expression having regard to the nature ( if the table upon which the cloth is to bo used . Although thtir lordships are not disposed in any case to restrict wilhin

    narrower limits than tho law has imposed tlie dhicretian which , within those limits , is justly allowed to congregations , the directions of tho Kubiic must lie complied with ; and , upon the whole , their lordships do not dis-cnt from tho construction of tho llubric adopted l > y the present decree upon this point . They thercforo advice her Miijesty to itflirm it . Aa tho judgment ift these cases have been materially altored , and such alt caution ! -ought to have boon made nt tho hearing in tho Arches Court , so much of tlio scnteiico of Hint . Court on each caso an awards coats against tho appellants must 1 >« revered ; and in those proceedings , as well as in the prtecut appeals , ench party must Lear his own costs . As tho various points -were disposed of , thoro was ; i alight attempt at applause : but this was at once chet'Ucd

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    290 T HE LEADER . [ No . 366 , Sattjkdat ' — - — ' ' —~~ . ' I ¦ _ _ _ j — — ~~ _ .. ——— - ¦ __ j

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), March 28, 1857, page 290, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2186/page/2/