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Leader (1850-1860), 24th January 1857, Edition 1 of 2, Page 82, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      should "be resorted to in the cftfce off the ^ breaking down tff * traift . * ' The Bring of rwskets hi an isolated # art oT tRe ^ otuifry woftld fcfc diicewiible for miles ; therefore file ft « -ni « l jJWcautfbtt Of tefation-masters would be to detain the trains Km&a the a&fcure of the calamity had been fcscerfcaiaed . -Again , sfaotiia a train , { which is not unfrequ / ent ) "bfealc 'down in & tunnel , the continuoas burning of the blue light would indicate the danger and warn approaching trains that none but the inhabitants are alloVred ti 6 lodge here . Again , at some two or tirttee Jfiilea beitoe reaching a Sharp curve a signal ro < iket waiT ! fir 6 d , tend not answered , it might * Wtth aafety 3 * 0-ciete 8 . -Bad fetich a precaution been observed some « ix yfcfefcs *> ygoWe ' at the station of Strafian , near BufoHa , it Wofeaa -have sa-vted the lives of many of out fellowc * eAtaVe * , and ftfiKrlHr IVO . -OOOiT . to the railway . " kw

      • Ke ^ M 3 sthoj » BEmatra Timber . —Some experimettts in a taeW process of bending timber were mad « on TtoeHday afternoob , on tihe premises of Messrs . Collinge and Co ., Bridge-ibad , Latttbeth . A great deal of carved wood Is required in ship-building , and in the construction Of attficles © f fnrnrtttre ; and hitherto the want h . as Keen supplied , Either f > y « very wasteful catting away of a straight log of timber Into the Bhape demanded , or by ah fanjtefrfect Metlidd of bending , which strained the fibre atod iseiiOTisly weakened the wood . An American soientif tJ'gentleman , however , recently discovered « new process . Which has been adopted by the United States Gov ^ rrjmeni , and which is said to effect a saving of fiveand-tweniy per cent , as compared with the former

      systett-. The -Invention haB been patented in this country ; 'bat , no dotfbt , tfee ' Circumlocution Office / Will take good Care to prevent its introduction into out national 'dockyards and workshops as long as it can possibly be kept out . Several heavy pieces of timber were successfully bent at Messrs . Collinge ' s on Tuesday , about twenty minutes being the time required for turning a log thirteen inches by Beven in thickness . A powerful 'end pressure forces the timber along a kind of groove . ; and , on . Teaching the curve at the end of the machine , the - wood is forced to assume that form . The action of bending expels the sap , thus immediately

      seasoning the wood ; the capillary cells are destroyed by being forced into one solid mass ; the fibres are made to interlace , and tie density of the wood ie increased by the bringing closer together of the particles . The result is entirely novel , and not a little surprising ; for the outer circumference of' the bent log , plank , or bar is precisely the same as it -was before , while the inner circumference is contracted . The operation is facilitated by previous steaming ; but , when once the wood has become ' , it will never return to its original straightness . This Amerioan invention has received the approval of Dr . Hooker , Mr . Pairbairn , Mr . Rennie , Mr . White , and other eminent [ English engineers .

      Mir > r > z , &-ckA £ 8 Education in the Wjsst op I&ngl * Aira > . —Some gentlemen of Devonshire have issued a programme , in -which they state that , while the education of the upper classes is promoted by the recent improvements in the universities and the examination-tests in public sohools , and that of the lower classes is zealouslyaided by the exertions of the benevolent and by Government grants , "the middle classes bear the whole cost of the education of their own children , and that they derive less aid from ancient endowments and from the public purse than any other branch of the community . " It is , therefore , intended to offer prizes for competition to boys educated in the west of England , with a view to employments in agriculture , arta , manufactures , and commerce , the objects aimed at being a good general education , in conformity with the common opinion , of Englishmen , that skill in farming , handicraft , and trade , is best acquired by practice .

      Persia . —The Shah of Persia has rejected the ultimatum forwarded to him by JFcrukh Khan . It is expected at Constantinople that a direct alliance will be concluded and published between England and the Imaum of Muaoat . —The British fleet has token possession of the Fort of Bushire and the island of Karrak . China —A despatch has been received from Constantinople , giving the substance of the Chinese news brought , by the Calcutta steamer . From this it appears that Yeh , backed up by the gentry and peoplecontinued

      , obdurate . The French Folly Fort had been talcen and destroyed . The Chinose had net fixe to the factories , and all the Aongs were destroyed . The Oriental , Agra , and Mercantile Banks were on fire , with no hopes of Bavjmj them . One fatal accident had occurred , Mr . O . T . Lane , nopliew of Sir J . Bowring , being killed by the laDing in of a wall . It was said the city of Canton would no longer be spnred , and that the discharge of lockets and shells had already commenced . Aitx

      coiAlwsed of the 4-ectofi , cfcuifchwardenB , mod vesHrymefc ' of the parish of fit . Jamea , Westminster , bad an interview last Saturday with Sir George Grey , m oider to ball his attention to the increasing number houses of ill-fame " and betting-offices in that part tof London .: tKiey stated that it is now the habit for disreputable people to hire the upper parts of houses , the basement ! floors of which are occupied as apparently respectable bBopB-p-fiQ that ' a lady oaever knows when she may < not : be compromising ier character When'she is mating purchases . Sir George Grey said that he would refer theterst complaint to the AWditaey-General . H added-: * - '" With respect to what has fbeen said about prostitutes fen the ; streets , and the power which exists under the Police Act of dealing Wf th tfhem , the law requires that ( some act should bo done to prove that the person isi

      inatica , ibreign language's , histories ; ¦» . Dba-wi *^ < aad the 'fibe arts ; 4 . Music s S . Houadhold econtHtfy-6 . ¦ Gteography and astrdaomy ; 7 * Natraral histotyc 8 . Chemistry ; 9 . { Physicsi ; 10 . Mechanics ; 11 . Abmk rattts for teaching the blind wnd the 3 eaf « rid dumb . The PHiijtppENBS . - ^ -A > , &arful hurricane ias 'devts * tafed these islands , and caused a 'lamentable destrncttbu of life and property by 8 ea and land . The storm ' was also felt at Borneo and the Moluccas , and as fartas-Java bat ia ? a iess violent degree .

      Jreally a jnrostrrute . It will taever do to place in the ; ( hands "Of the police the power to take up any woman : Whom they please to suppose to be a person of im- ( ( proper character . In our anxiety : to suppress a great evil , we must take care not to give such instructions to 'the police as might , when , carried out , prove injurious land annoying to persons of good character . " As to the tbetting-houses , the complaint was rather against the ' administration of the law than the law itself . Sir Richard Mayne ( who was present ) entered into an explanation of the difficulties experienced by the Jpolice = in obtaining convictions against the proprietors of betting-houses . Mr . Geesin ( one of the deputation ) , Baidbe had been informed that policemen were in the habit of frequenting gambling-houses . Sir Richard tMayne said he had not received a eingle complaint on the subject .

      Meeting of Parliament . —We -have reason to believe that the address in the Commons in reply to her Majesty ' s speech from the throne , will be moved by Sir John . Ramsden . —Globe . Mb . Thagkbkay , on Tuesday evening , gave , at the Marylebone -Institution , the last of his lectures on " the jFour Georges . " The " first gentleman in Europe' * formed the subject , and was remorselessly , but most justly , held up to the ridicule and contempt of the audience . The British Bank . — Several more shareholders

      were summoned in the Court of Bankruptcy on Monday , but "the cases were heard in a private room . The Commissioner then proceeded to hear claims to pTove made by several shareholders under the supplemental charter . Mr . Mellish appeared for the claimants , and said that he now proposed to proceed with a new case . He called Mr . Marsh to state his case ; and this having been done nd some further business transacted , an adjournment ' was ordered . A petition to the Court of Bankruptcy , on behalf of Mr . Humphry Brown , for the purpose of annulling the adjudication of bankruptcy in connexion with the Royal British Bank , was on Wednesday withdrawn , matters having been substantially arranged between Mr . Brown and the assignees . Mr . Bro-wn undertakes to give the most efficient assistance to the estate of the back ; and the parties appear now to have arrived at very amicable terms .

      Criminal Process against Admiral Seymour . — ¦ - We are indebted ( says the Morning Star ) to a correspondent fox the following statement : —At the usual meeting of the Bradford Foreign Affairs Committee it was unanimously resolved— " 1 . That Admiral Seymour has unlawfully destroyed human life in bombarding Camton . 2 . That this Committee resolve to co-operate with the Newcastle Committee , to proceed against Admiral Seymour for murder at the Central Criminal Court . 3 . Tliat as Sir John Bowring and Mr . Consul Paxkes were accessory to murder , the Committee therefor * resolve to institute legal proceedings against them . " ITew Educational Museum . — The Committee of Privy Council on Education have arranged to open the

      Now Educational Musoum at the new buildings , South-Kensington , in the spring . It is hoped that the museum . will afford great help to all classes of the public im carrying out the work of national education , and especially thoso engaged in teaching . The museum will exhibit , under a proper classification , all important hooks , diagrams , illustrations , and apparatus connected with education , already in use , or which may be publislxed from , time to time , either at home or abroad . The public will be admitted free , as a public exhibition , on certain days of the week ; and on other days , which -will bo reserved for students , opportunity will bo given to examine and consult the objects with tho utmost freedom . The objects exhibited at St . Martin ' s Hall iai 1854 , which were presented to tho Society of Arts , an 4

      by that society given to tho Education Hoard in order to found a museum , will form part of tho Educational Museum . Tho producers of apparatus , books , diagrams , maps , &c , used in teaching , will have tlio privilegesubject to certain regulations—of placing their publications and productions in the musoum , and thus making them known to tho public ; and wo undonstnnd tliat a unanimous dosiro to oasiflt has been expressed by all tho groat educational societies and publishers . A catalogue will bo prepared , whioh -will contain the prioo lists which exhibitors may furnish for insertion . Tbo books and objects will bo grouped under 1 ho following tlivisionB : — 1 . School buildings and fittings , fonnjj , ilesks , Blntee , pinna , models , &o . ; 2 . General education , including rending , writing , grammar , arithmetic ,

      mathe-TpR Treasures Exhibition at Manchester is making progress towards completion . Several noblemen and «« mUorwen have liberally contributed from their stores of fine arts and archaeological remains ; and tho Ittryal Academy h « a for the firat time departed from ono of its most rigid rules , and consented to allow a selection to bo made drom ita 'diploma pictures' —that ia to flay , from those pictures presented to the Academy l > y artists upon election to tho full dignity of Jioyal Academicians . llieeo works are supposed to give tho most complete illustration of tho peculiar characteristics of caoh painter . Deputation to Sir Gkokgk Gkicy . —A deputation ,

      Untitled Article

      CHANGES IN THE "WAR OETICE . Some changes in tbe higher offices of the WaT department will probably take place next vreek , with , the view of bringing the organization of the office to estate calculated to render the course of business more simple and expeditious . The office of Deputy Secretary will , like that of Secretary at War , be abolished ; and Sir Benjamin Hawes , who has most efficiently discharged the duties of the office for nearly six years , will now become permanent Under Secretary of State , Mr . Peel retaining the Parliamentary Under Secretaryship , and Colonel Mundy obtaining a mib " tary command . The office of Secretary to the Ordnance will also be abolished , as the Ordnance branch is now amalgamated with the army generally . We understand that Mr . Godley , now Director-General of Stores , will be Assistant Under Secretary to the department under the new organization — Globe .

      Untitled Article

      FRANCE . The lawsuit brought by the Princes of the House of Orleans against U . Valette for tho recovery of certain manuscript volumes -written by Louis Philippe , was decided on Thursday afternoon . The Priucea have been nonsuited and condemned to the costs . 'It \ f&B proved to the satisfaction of the court that the two first volumes of this ¦ work were mere copies ; but the third volume , being written in the handwriting of Count dc Girardin , secretary to Louis Philippe , Mill , by order of the tribunal , be handed over to the son « f the Count . — Globe .

      Untitled Article

      Mr . Roebuck in Liveupool . —Tho annual public meeting of tho Liverpool Financial Eoform Association was held in the Concert Hall , Lord Nelson-street , Liverpool , on Thursday night . Laurence Hey worth , Esq ., M . P ., took the chair , and the chief speech of tho evening was delivered by Mr . Roobuck , M . P . Tho gist of that gcntloman ' a remarks was , that you cannot expect to have Financial or Administrative Reform without first obtaining Parliamentary Reform . He denounced the income-tax as now levied , and attributed tho superiority of our navy over our army to tho fact that it is more democratic in its construction . Mu . Ru . skin . —A Conversazione was held by the Architectural Association in tho Hall of Lyon ' ss Inn , Ncwcnatlc-strcet , Strand , lnst evening . Mr . Ruakin delivered au address , which was listened to with deep interest and attention by an audience at once crovdert and Holcct . Tub Cai'k of C ! ooi > Iloric . —Tho latest news from tho Capo is of a pacific and reassuring character . Chystai , Palack . —Return of admissions for si x days ending Friday , January 23 rd , including EOason ticket . holders , G 584 .

      Untitled Article

      Leader Ojffice , Saturday ,, January " 24 . THE INCOME ^ AX . la-EtVt&XtO ' N TO' * £ TE CHANCEfcLO ' R Of ttlE ISXCHEQ / tfEft . A . deputation , headed by Major-Reed , " had . an interview yesterday ( Friday ) with the Chancellor of the-Exchequer at his official residence , -with , a view to urging a reduction of the income-tax . In reply to the remarks of various speakers , Sir G . C . Lewis said ;— - " The income-tax ia its present form might continue until a year after the 5 th of A $ > ril next , " " Government would not take any undue advantage of that . But lie must add with regard to the rate of the-income tax that it was a case not of taxation , but of expenditure . The question to be considered was , what would

      "be the expenditure of the following year j 1 With regard ¦ to the interest of debt , there would be , no doubt , some increase on account of the loans contracted during the war . Two millions of Exchequer Bonds would fall due next year , and the civil list aBd civil ex-¦ perises . would be about the same as -last . year . "Upon the expenditure the ways and means o ¥ the country must depend . The amount realised l > y the -income-tax -was very large , and the suggestion now made , unless some other tax were proposed— -which , he piesum ed the deputation did not contemplate— -would reduce it by eight millions . That was , " he was afraid , all he could say , and he had stated his views as fully andwitK as much candour as the circumstances in which he was

      placed would permit . " He also said that he had no desire to continue the malt-tax . A meeting has been held in Dublin against the vrar addition to the income-tax .

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      Untitled Article

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 24, 1857, page 82, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2177/page/10/