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Leader (1850-1860), 27th September 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 914

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      representatives from most parts of Europe—from Sweden , Russia , Holland , Germany , even from Vienna , ¦ from . " Piedmont ; Tuscany , Switzerland , France , Spain , and England . There have been some very interesting debates , in -which the several speakers have endeavoured ; to state or to diaeover the actual and the relative progress made by the several countries in the reform of their tarifis . A certain favour appears to be shown by the several Governments , who have in « wne cases assisted , and in others sanctioned , the-gpoutg of the-delegates to Brussels . Reftrrm , tfiwfefore , -pursues its passive course , notwithstanding the intrigues of courts and the coining commotions of the Continent .

      epithet given to it . About 3700 ori ginal and preference shares have been thrown upon the market since the commencement of last year ; of these , more than 2000 have actually been registered in the books of the company . They seem to have been- issneil by one of the clerks , whose- Mtkry has been stated at 150 / . or 300 La . yea . r-p and tfce motive to the Iraud is discovered in his outrageously expensive Babits . ! % » is the old story of John Samjeir , X W . CouBy and Davidson anil- Gordon ; . awl ibe type Gftlia class we rcHHsirber to have seen some ywfrs agw in George JBamicelL The remarkable fact , however , is that these gentlemen have positively obtained a footing in establishments having large properties at stake , and they have to a certain extent modified the manners and customs of London City . Who knows "where these adulterations terminate ?

      As to free trade 3 it is almost a past subject with this country , save only in one respect . To convince our farmers is no longer a duty before us ; they Iwtve taken that matter into their own hands , and are convincing themselves . A letter appeared in the Times yesterday from a Welsh farmer , Mr . Cakne , giving a most interesting and minute account of . the manner in which he has been applying the reaping-machine ,-what his difficulties -were , and how he surmounted them ; But when Welsh farmers have grappled with

      machinery , and their-working : men have laboriously and sincerely assisted them , we see that the very lever of free trade has been grasped in the agricultural hand . To say nothing of the proposal thrown out by Sir John Maxwell at the Carlisle dinner , that he would purchase all the refuse of Carlisle as soon as that town shall have procured the means of deodorizing and conveying it . ITow there is some hope that Carlisle may hit upon the means of fulfilling these conditions , for Carlisle already stands distinguished as tlieeteanest town in the kingdom .

      But England has to obtain the other half of the benefits of free trade . We get all that we can by adopting it ourselves , and we can double our own blessings , and those of other countries , by inducing others to adopt it . B ^ ence the great benefit of the Brussels gathering . An exceedingly interesting discussion took place at the Oldham Lyceum , led off by Lord Stanley , oh the general merits of education , -with Sir James Kay Shuttmswobth , and Mr . W . J . Fox

      as the advocates of the official , and the Manchester plan of education , the one giving a clipped form of religious instruction , and the other leaving religious instruction to the Church , and proposing secular education independently of creed . It is quite evident that if an exclusive suffrage did not keep out classes more intelligent than some that hold the franchise , the House of Commons would transfer its vote from J . K . Shutti / EWobth to W . J . Fox .

      Two familiar names have been removed from , the list of our military men—Hardinge has gone , and Colin Halkett ; botli good officers , both conscientions servants . Hardinge was a gentleman , and by the help of the qualities implied in that single word , in Parliament , in the field , in battle , or in office , with comparatively mediocre talents , he won an excellent repute . The tribe of English gentlemen is not multiplying ' in proportion to the population ; ' on the Contrary , it is rather declining than , otherwise . There is a sort of conversion of the good old stock into a very low form of Three per Cents .

      for English gentlemen are becoming lost in the crowd of jobbers in the market . Mr . Humphrey Bboww sends to the papers an explanation of the manner in which his name figureB among the directors and debtors of the Royal British Bank , and the explanation , indeed , lms some force . His liability originated with the transfer of a liability to him from another man who had alread y borrowed money from the . hank . Nevertheless , the fact stands that Mr . Humphrey Brown , a Member of Parliament , and , wo believe , a gentleman in every sense of the word , somehow or other finds himself amongst those who unite the offices of director and debtor to the same bnnk . Mr . John

      MAcGnKGOK , the founder , figures for 7000 / . Mr . John Gwinnr , a director , for about the same sum 5 one of the auditors is amongst the- numbers of thq debtors ; and Mr . Camebon , the quondnm manager , is on the wrong side of the books for i i ° 5 * n Bom 0 cases securities have teen ioag « a with the bank , which wore already mortgaged to tfeei * full ^ alue . J Upon the Wls of tins disclosure follows another : there haB been an « irregularity' in regis-And the irregularity is rather too big for the

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      _ * Road Garibaldi ' s letter concerning tlio raurdor of Cicoruncclrio and liia young children .

      The Birmingham Ho Ax

      THE BIRMINGHAM HOAX . Some further particulars of the swindle recently committed at Birmingham in connexion with , the visitors from Oude , and of -which a brief account was given in this paper on Saturday ' week , have been published in the Birmingham , Journal , -where all the letters of TVyndbam , the swindler , are given in full . This man continually addressed Captain Brandon , one of the agents of the Oudean Queen and Princes , informing him of the reception -which -was to be given to the strangers in . Birmingham , if they - would " deign . ' to come ; " reporting the progress he bad made in obtaining the sanction of the Mayor , the Superintendent of Police , lord Ward , and various distinguished persons ; referring to his " intimate friend , the King of the Sandwich Islands , " to whom he had been of great service when that monarch had been ill-used by France ; making obscure allusion

      to a regal chair which had been ordered by " his present Majesty of Oude ; " telling , the captain of the various arrangements for the reception he had made ; and stating that he would gladly " run up to town" on receipt of a telegraphic message to that effect from Captain Brandon . To all these letters no answer was returned . Oa September 5 th ( the first letter was written on the 29 th . of August ) , Wyndha-m writes to Captain Brandon , hinting that he sees many ways of improving his ( the captain's ) fortune , and adding , after an allusion to a Dr . Neumann , who had reminded him of " some discrepancy " in his statement about Lord Ward : — - " All that I tell you is truth . I am here upon another subject certainly , but I do aslc you , as a man and a gentleman , not to suffer me to look like a fool ; for , entre nous , it has already cast me 15 / . in wine and dinners , and I should not like to appear as a nonentity after all . " .

      On the same day , Captain Brandon wrote to the swindler thanking him for the offer of his services , should the Queen of Oude travel so far as Birmingham . Then follows another letter from "Wyndham , wlio writes upon the assumption that the ex-queen is really about to visit the town , and who asks to be favoured with . " her Majesty ' s monogram ot crest as early as possible , " as ho ¦ wishes " to get a medal struck to commemorato the visit . '' But his race was nearly at an end . " That dread want , " says the Birmingham Journal , " which has proved fatal to so many—tho -want of money—finished the career of Mr . " Wyndham . . .- Prom tho introductions he had so adroitly obtained , he might have had orders readily executed foT inconceivable amounts , if he could only have played out the game a little longer . But the inexorable Mr . Harrison ( the keeper of the hotel where the swindler was staying ) , and his demand for the 15 ? . for dinners and win . es , of -which Mr . "Wyndham spoke bo feelingly in a former letter , together with the limited

      supply of linen—two shirts and a * dickey—which -was scarcely -worthy of a royal representative , and which became painfully apparent , —these things interposed and ruthlossljr toppled over tho -wholo ingeniously constructed attomfj £ at imposition . Mr . Harrison demanded the amount of his bill , and a Mr . Collis was applied to for the loan of 5 / ., whi-ch Wyndham obtained , and for which he gave liis I O U . That 52 . was his ruin . Suspicion flashed across the mind of Mr . Collis , and inquiry through his London establishment confirmed it . On the evening of Tuesday , tho 9 th inst ., three days after the last letter was written , Mr . Collia , wlio had invited Mr . Wyndham to dinner , discovorcd wliilo out that tlio wholo affair was a swindle . Ho got hold of a policeman nnd rushed to his hottso ; but Mr . Wyndham , probably suspecting something , had gone off . They pursued liim to tho Clarendon , but the demands of Mr . Harrison had been of such a pressing nature that ho hail left thorc too , nnd disappeared . "

      After this , Wyndham absolutely had tho audacity to write to Captain Brandon , to " put him on his guard against a Mr . Collis ! " In liis lnst letter to tho Cnptain , dated September 14 , Wyndhnm complains that " tho Times has utterly crushed him in ' mind , body , and estate , ' " and that tho Times article ia " frightfully malignant , " and " contains no less than nineteen falsehoods . " Ho concludes : — " I ' ray lot mo hoar from you without delay . Suspense is torture . — -P . S . A letter will find mo at 8 , Monument-yard , City ; l » ut I give you this address en coti / idence " Wyndham , it scorns , is known in London , as a swindler , and ho appears now to bo thoroughly unmasked .

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      . . . ^ . ... ¦ . v . ' ; - - \ - . ¦ ¦ . " .. ; . . ' = . y ¦ " ¦ ¦ . :, . ¦• ¦ * ' . ¦ •¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ . ¦ " ¦ . :. " . ¦ ¦ ' v ' 914 ' T HE LE A . D E It . _____ t ?*? : ^ Saturday ,

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      THE WORKING CLASSES OF ENGLAND AND ITALY . ^ Thb fotovdng is the address of the Italian Corarnittoe fat England : — FBtESaos , —The above letter has been forwarded to no and tbongh the Society of the Friends of Italy no ' longer oxfets as a body , never had Italy more individual friends among Englishmen than at this moment We therefore lave responded to the appeal of the Sardinian working m « a by forming a committee , whose first work » to circulate the above letter among you as widely as possible , an < i to submit ta-your jud gment—toyour = ense of right and juatice-abrieftstateine t of the condition of Italy £ tfrtnts moment .

      The population of Italy amounts to 23 , 957 , 100 souls Of this number 4 , 730 , 500—the subjects of the Kins of Sardinia—are free men , governed by a free constitution enjoying free institutions and a free press . A standing army , wlose soldiers and officers have proved their worth side by side with our own ia the Crimea , a thriving commerce , railways and docks , public colleges and schools , are the outward signs of liberty that distinguish tho Sardinian States from the rest of the peninsula . If you move among the people , you find them happy and energetic , striving after moral and material progress . They 'know that their king keeps , lis word , and fhey try to win from him such promises as shall tend to the welfare of the masses . Victor Emmanuel and his 4 , 730 , 500 subjects , hare proved to the world beyond a doubt that the Italians can govern , and be governed t > y , themselves .

      The remaining 19 , 226 , 600 inhabitants of Italy have been for the last forty years , and are at this moment , subject to the dominion of a many-headed , monster , whose head-in-cuief may be called the Emperor of Austria . True , this individual has only usurped 8259 square miles of Italian soil , whereas King Bomba possesses 31 , 460 ; the Pope , 13 , 000 ; the Grand Duke of Tuscany , 6324 ; and the other little rulers of Parma , Modena , &c , 3597 : but so terrible , or so useful , has his Imperial Majesty of Austria rendered himself to all these princes , that they rule but at his bidding , and model their governments after his Imperial taste . The policy observed by all these rulers in . obedience to their chief , during the last forty years , has been to reduce all their subjects to the lowest degree of moral and physical slavery , by

      depriving them of means of intercourse by railroads , or of the interchange of thought through the medium of the press , by closing all schools and colleges where a liberal education might he obtained —( Cl We don ' t want knowledge , " said the Emperor Francis I . ; "it is quite enough if rrry subjects can read and -write" )—and by employing a wholesale system of spies and police , . whereby any person suspected of liberal views may foe 'detected and punished . -But the Italians have never submitted tamely to this hateful yoke . Every year has given fresh proof that their aversion is on the increase . Yearly revolts , and the three prin « ii > al

      Revolutions of 1821 , 183 . 2 , and 1848 , have sent thousands to the scaffold . The ; Austrian , Papal , and Neapolitan dungeons swarm at this moment with prisoners , whoseonly offence is that they have tried to set their country free ; aad a larger proportion of Italians wander in England and America , poor , famished , homeless , exiled , for that country ' s sake . Do you think all these examples serve to strike terror into the remaining population , that they resign themselves to the tyrant whom as yet no one has succeeded in overthrowing ? Noj that nineteen millions of Italians , if they are one in suffering and in slavery , are also one in tho desire to be a nation—the intention to rid themselves of their tyrants .

      It ia to assist them to do this that , among ; othpr efforts made , a National Subscription has been oponed at Genoa for th « purchase c-f weapons for those provinces which shall ilrst rise to drivo out the Austrians from Italy . The members of tlie committeo chosen to receive these subscriptions aro , Colonel Giacomo Medici , Antonio Mosto , merchant ; Agostino Gnecco , gentleman ; Antonio Oasareto , - working man . Among the 32 C 4 names inscribed on tho list up to the 12 th inst ., appear thoso of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi , proving that in this effort at least the people and their leaders arc unanimous .

      We know that by some of you tills appeal will be responded to at on « e—others may say , But why , if tho people are unanimous in their resolve , do they -want help from us ? Lot . them go to Italians—to their own fellow-swfferers . The Italians who aro both rich nnd liboial have been shot or imprisoned , or ex iled long ago ; and , moreover , do you know that in any part of Italy , except Sardinia , to know that any person living in tho same town with you holds liberal views , nnd not to denounce him to the police , is considered a erlmo of high treason , punishable by imprisonment for fourteen years—perhaps fox life . Road Felice Orsini ' s account of tho Austrian Dungeons in Italy" ( prico One Shilling ) . Read Mr . Gladstone ' s Letters on tho " State Prosecutions of the Neapolitan Government" ( published by Murray at Sixpcnco ) . Read tho Tracts and Records published by tho Society of tho Friends of Ttnly ( to be had of Holyonko and Co ., 147 , Plnot-street ) , * nnd judge for yourselves whether it It is possiblo that theso people can dis-

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 27, 1856, page 914, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2160/page/2/