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Leader (1850-1860), 16th August 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 775, Untitled Article

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      would judge us very , severely , and we should lose the . ground we have conquered by the deeds of 1848 and , 184 ft . The heart of Europe beat high with faith and of

      hope for- Poland for many years after the insurrection _ 1830 . The- inertia systematically adopted through mistaken calculation * of opportunity by the Poles , in 1848 and tho following year * , has silenced that throb of affection , and em opinion ; ( which I know to be without foundation ) is universally diffused , that Poland is dead , or Russian and impotent j and that opinion was one of theprinoipal causes that withheld the English people from compelling their own Government to change the would

      tendencies , of the last war . The same thing happen to . ua , wer © . we to betray the universal expectation . We have so often laid bare our wounds before Europewe have so persistentl y , repeated the story of our sufferings , and-of our . rage and menace—that we should have no right to . blame any one but ourselves- if Europe , wearied of always finding us wanting at the opportune moment , should say of us— -They are cowardly braggarts ; they deserve contempt , not sympathy or help . We must act , or perish

      " Whatever be the intentions , whatever the designs , of the Piedmontese monarchy , the initiative of the movement belongs of necessity to the people . Popular insurrection will be the only check to those designs , if evil ; the only means of giving a field for their development , if good " To inspire faith in the irresolute we must convince them of the possibility of arising , and leading after us the multitudes . Like the philosopher of old , we must prove the possibility of motion by moving

      Let those who come into the field to support the movement already initiated be received , whosoever they may be , as brothers and allies , not as masters . Deeds , not words ; sacrifices , not pompous and rhetorical phrases , or interminable discussions about programmes ; cartouches , not books . An enslaved people may he allowed to . be anything but ridiculous ; and we—the slaves of foreigners , of popes , of priests , of kings , of gendarmes , of everybody , and of everything—by talking always of arising , and yet never arising , are advancing towards the ridiculous with rapid strides . " Tbe letter concludes with a renewed exhortation to Mania to return to the ranks of the people .

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      CONTINENTAL NOTES . FRANCE . Monsignojr Parisis , Bishop of Arras , has just sent a circular to his clergy , which has caused a considerable sensation . The document treats of " mixed schools , " establishments- of education in which not only Roman Catholios but Protestant children are received and instructed . What course of conduct , the bishop asks , ought to be observed with respeot to institutions which have introduced " suoh a scandal" into their mode of teaching 1 ? The Right Rev . Bishop proposes simply to excommunicate the directors of these mixed schools , and to place an interdict on the establishments . When a director , yielding to the will of the parents , permits some of the children to learn an heretical catechism , and to frequent an heretical place of worship , Mgr . Parisis

      inquires—first , if persons in the habit of co-operating in acts of so reprehensible a character can be admitted to the sacraments of God ' s Holy Church ; and , secondly , if the duty of the pastors of souls is not to remove , by every legitimate means , Roman Catholic children from those dreadful establishments . In the eyes of the right reverend Bishop , the first of these questions cannot admit of any doubt . A teacher , male or female , cannot find indulgence " unless tho Protestant pupils are subjected to the same religious oxercises as tho Roman Catholio ; " and he adds that " there would be great advantage for them , in such a discipline , without any

      inconvenience to their follow pupils , and it ia to that poiut that all efforts should be directed . " The second point alluded to above he also answers in tho atUrmativc—2 ' itnng J ' aris Correspondent . The French soldiers in Algeria had an encounter on tho 18 th of July-with some unsubmitted fractions of the . grout tribo of tho Nemenohas , who had been destroying the corn of tho Bottlers . The resistance was onergatic , but tho Arabs were at length beaten , with the loss of 4 t > man killed , 180 tents , with all they contained , 2500 sheep ,. 600 goats , 20 horsea , 65 camelH , and 40 muskets . The Fronch Ions consisted of two killed , and 16 woundod , two of thuni severely .

      I he Civil Tribunal of the Seine has been engaged in a singular trial with roferonco to the publication of tho poHthumous works and correspondence of tho late celebrated A . hbo l-. uinennu . ia . By hialust will and testament , dated thai 28 th December , 1853 ( Hays tho Daily News ) . M . Lainennaiu lefts all hia papers and letters , except some relative to bcuuncs * transactions , the manuscript of an unpublished . iwori ^ , oalled ., •? Mwuiaiona , Critique * , et Pemiea Divonuut aur la . Religion et la Philosophic , " and the artieloH he had published in newspapers and periodical * , to M . Ik Forguesy with full ppwor to publish thoin , and to inaka such alterations in thorn as he might think lit—subject , -howav « r , to the condition . of life giving half of the < ppoilta to the toafcoior ' s nieoe , Mttdjimo do Kertangui , to who » v however , ha was not to . be bound . to . randaraoy

      accounts . In order to make as complete a collection of M . Lamennais' correspondence as possible , M . Forgues determined on collecting all the letters written by him to different persons ; but Madame de Kertangui maintained that he had no right so to do , hat must confine the correspondence to certain bundles of letters which M . de Lamennais himself had classified , and had specially mentioned in his will . As , however , M . Forgues persisted in his determination , she , on Saturday , applied to the Civil Tribunal to interdict him from executing it . M ; Forgues maintained that not only from the terms of his will , but from verbal instructions given him , M . de Lamennais meant him to have all his papers of whatever kind , with the exception of those expressly excepted in the will , and to make such use of them as he thought fit . He moreover represented that M : de Lamennais was particularly anxious that Madame de Kertangui and his other

      relations should have nothing whatever to do with the publication of his works and papers , inasmuch as he feared that from their fervent Catholicism , and from their being completely in the hands of the Jesuits , they would be tempted to suppress and modify parts of his writings and letters , so as to cause the opinions he entertained on religion and politics in the latter years of his life to be atisrepresented . The tribunal declared that M . Forgues' view of the trust confided in him by the deceased was correct , holding that the specific reference to the bundles of papers made in the will was indicative and not restrictive , and it accordingly dismissed Madame de Kertangui ' s demand , with costs . In the course of the trial , it appeared that M . de Lamennais , when on his death-bed , refused to have any priest brought to him .

      Signor Pianciani writes to the Daily News , to complain that his wife , a French lady , has been refused a passport to France because , having married a foreigner , she has herself become an alien . Alluding to his advocacy of the cause of the people , and attributing to that the refusal in question , Signor Pianciani remarks : — " It is a petty vengeance , but none the less a great piece of dastardly folly . " AUSTRIA . Some details of the cruel despotism exercised by Austria on the Hungarians are given by a casual correspondent of the Times , writing from Hungary . He asserts that the people are both pillaged and insulted . In proof of the first assertion , he says : — " The peasants ,

      and , indeed , all , are compelled to pay a capitation tax for every child , as well as for themselves , of a florin a head . They pay also a direot tax of a florin for every beast used in husbandry , and for every sheep , and for every pig , while the horses of luxury which the rich gentry and nobles keep are not taxed at all . One farmer to whom I spoke had six children , four oxen , thirty pigs , and one hundred sheep ; he paid , therefore , including himself and wife , a direct tax of 140 florins . I come now to the insults . The ancient colours of Hungary are three stripes of green , red , and white . The first has been erased from their banners . At this all are furious , and even those in the employment of the Crown barely conceal their indignation , for there is probably no people so madly attached to their country as tho Hungarians . To avenge and resist this insult as much

      as they dare , they have recourse to all kinds of ludicrous devices . Among others , in one town I was told of three young ladies who walked together arm-in-arm , one in a green dress , one in a pink , and another in a white , amid the applause of the people and the consternation of tho Austrian officers . A lady had just received from Paris a new bonnet with a wreath of very small red aud white roses , which had , of course , somo green leaves ; in this she was at the Opera , when an Austrian officer stared at hex and at it in so offensive a manner that her husband took such notice of his conduct as compelled him to desist . " Tho Concordat is very unpopular in Hungary , especially among the Roman Catholic laity , " speak of the Emperor as a weak , bigoted boy , " frightened by his mother ' s confessor into subjecting himself to the Pope . Both the Papal and tho Protestant clergy , adds the writer , are notorious for the most barefaced profligacy . SWEDEN . The special commission appointed by the Council of State to examine into the custom-house relations of Sweden and Norway , with a view to amalgamate tho two countries under ono joint tariff , has published its report , and expresses itsolf very Htrongly against tho proposed measure . —Daily New * / Stockholm Covresjtondtnt .

      RUSSIA . Apparently cowed by tho ro-tmtranco of tho English fleet into tho Black Sea , Russia him rcmovod ono of tlio riilttcultios which for a moment threatened tho resumption of tho war by evacuating tho Isle of Serpents , which is now occupied by tho Turka . Tho Russian Commander of tho city of Kurt ) ban announced to tho Governor of firzeroum that lie in reatly to hand over the plauo to the Ottoman tiuthoritiua . Anapa is occupied by tho Russians . Tho inhabitants have fled to tho mountains . The last advicos from St . Poteraburff confirm the news of the ' coronation having boon postponed from August 81 to September 7 , and expluiu it to havo been ho ordered out of sanitary considerations . General KiaselofT has boon nominated to tho post of Ambassador < at Paris .

      An Austrian paper- ( JOJXtaiiMKthfrfollowmg remarks on the result of the labours of the committee of inquiry now sitting under the presidency of Prince Wasailtacbikoflti and at present engaged in , examining the accounts of the commissariat during the late war in the Crimea : " If any one thing were better calculated than another to exhibit the colossal exertions of the Government during the late campaign in their true light , it w < Hrid' be . the results of this committee . On the other hands the dark

      side of the picture is shown so startling ^ - thatifr-is dit&r cult to attach credit to the most evident p * oo / s . .. Th « h amount of the moneys embezzled , and of the , deficiencyin general , is estimated at the round , sumof 90 , < XO 0 , OQ 9 roubles . The question here suggests itself irresistibly , —<• - Haw great , then , was the amount that was actually spent ? This is , however , a question that we are not in a position to answer , although public opinion estimates the expenses of defending Sebastopol , and of the whole Crimean campaign , at 1 , 000 , 000 , 000 silver roubles . "

      ITALY . Legal acts of opposition in the Legations ( says a letter from Italy ) multiply , and the resistance acquires every day more ground . The Municipal Council of Ravenna has , besides petitioning the Pope against the occupation of the country by foreign troops , made a formal demand that the municipal law of 1850 should not remain a dead letter . A reasonable memorial , in which it is asked that the right of election should be conceded as the only means of making known the true wants and the just demands of the people , was presented to the Council ,-signed

      by eight of the most distinguished members ; and an absolute majority of the Council then recorded their adherence to the principle by adding their signatures to the document . The memorial was subsequently transmitted to the Municipal Magistracy , in order that the Government authorities might participate in it . It must be added that the same Municipality of Ravenna had positively refused to execute the work laid down for it by the Pontifical Commissioner , Monsignor Amici , ~ in his recent economic provisions , against which an energetic protest was signed by the proprietors and merchants of Ravenna .

      The question of the sequestration by Austria of the property of Sardinian subjects has called forth an article , probably of Ministerial origin , in the Correspondance Italienne , of Turin . The sequestration took place in the early part of 1853 , on the ground of the alleged collusion of the owners of the property in the insurrectionary movement at Milan on the 6 th of February of that year . The persons in question denied their participation in the rising , and it is notorious that they were opposed to it ; but , in the course of the present year , the Austrian Gavernment promised restitution provided the alleged offenders would make their submission to the Emperor before the termination of the twelvemonth . This , however , would involve a renunciation of their position as

      citizens of Sardinia . The journal alluded to remarks : — " Piedmont has given prqof of a stock of patience truly admirable . These sequestrations have now lasted nearly four years , notwithstanding the benevolent interventions of England and France . The Piedmontese Government has shown itself conciliating with a neighbour who insulted it , and latterly it decided that tho Archbishop of Milan should be relieved from tho taxes to which he was subject for his possessions in Piedmont . Men of law agreed with political men that it was better to show generosity towards an adversary , in spite of the violent opposition of public opinion . Tho cabinets of London and Paris-Lord Palmeraton and the Emperor Napoleon—know

      beforehand what will bo the conduct of Piedmont in oase of the sale of the properties of Sardinian subjects . It is possiblu that the moat serious complications may result from it , but the responsibility must rest with those who provoko them-, for Piedmont has done all it can on its side to avoid them . Austria wishes to leave Piedmont in its right , preferring to remain in tho wrong itself : whoso fault will it be if so overstrained a political position should give rise to an embarrassment of which no ono can foresee the consequences V There are limits to the patience of governments as to that of inJividuala : they cannot be passed without trespassing on tho dignity and honour of tho country . "

      There has boon another military mutiny ia Naples , the 4 th Chasseurs , at Pesoara , having risen and killed tholr colonel and four other officers . Everything soonm at proaont to point to a speedy outbreak at Naples , where the people arc almost driven to tho point of madness by the madman who oppresses them . "A report , " says tho Times Paris correspondent , "has been , circulated , and has obtained a certain dogroo of credit ^ CHpecially among a portion of the Italian emigrants in . France , whence it Is of course communicated to Italy , to tho effect that tho French (» ovorniiiont puts forward a

      Murat as n candidate for the throne of Naples , and that England hat * been brought tc- accede to this nomination by the promisod cession of Sicily . I mention this report in order to discredit it . It will do-little good to tho cause of Italian liberty to have it supposed that England and Franco intend to impose a Government upon Italy . Their proper task is limited to preventing Austria from interfering to suppress tho revolution which menaoos the present dynasty of Naples . It has been stated , upon good grounds , that Count Buol has made a communication to tho Neapolitan Government to the

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      Axbvst 16 , 1866 J THE 1 E A D E B . 7 *>

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 16, 1856, page 775, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2154/page/7/