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Leader (1850-1860), 5th July 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 632, Untitled Article

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      August last year , the Credit Mobilier announced , with much ado , that it was about to augment its capital , and that the dividend for the end of the year would amount to at least 20 Ofr . upon 500 fr . shares . - It was at first said that new shares were to be issued ; afterwards , the system of obligations was adopted ; but in either case immense advantages were offered to the holders of shares in the company . Accordingly , the shares rose at the Bourse to an enormous extent—something like oOi ) tr . or 400 fr . in the course of a few days . The plaintiff , M . Goupy , led away by the flaming prospectuses , which , by the way , all appeared in the Moniteur , bought shares at nearly the highest prices . Two days before the settleof which the rise

      ment for the fortnight in the course had taken place , the Credit Mobilier announced that , m deference to the wishes of the Government , it would not issue any fresh obligations . Down dropped the shares , and poor M . Goupy was obliged to close his account by paying a tremendous difference . M . Goupy at first instituted a criminal prosecution against the Credit Mobilier for a fraud upon the public ; but this he was advised to abandon . He now brought an action for damages , alleging that the Credit Mobilier was in no way compelled by Government to abandon its project of issuing the obligations , and that it had done so fraudulently , in order to make money at the expense of its dupes . —Daily News Paris Correspondent .

      " There is no possibility of doubting , " says the Paria correspondent of the Morning Post , " that a coolness exists between the courts of the Tuilerie 3 and St . Petersburg . The Count of Paris has addressed to M . Roger ( du Nord ) a letter which concludes thus : — " As for myself , the time is not far distant when I shall have the right to make known my principles and my views . In the meantime I an b ound to inform some devoted friends ,

      such as you , but only for yourself , that I have been informed of what has passed in our family only by my uncle , the Duke of Nemours , and that if I do not now declare myself , it is because my age does not yet permit me to interfere . I have remained absolutely out of the matter . I have only one object in view—to render myself worthy of a possible career , and in order to succeed I have incessantly before my eyes the will of my father , the conduct of my grandfather , and the sacred principles which founded the constitutional monarchy . "

      M . Barbes , the Red Republican , after being expelled from Spain , has come to London . It is said that he desires to be recognized as the head of the revolutionary party ; but that Liedru-Rollin and M . Pyat object , and are jealous of Mm . The Legislative Session has come to a close .

      * TURKEY . The Presse cFOrient , of Constantinople , contains an article , " communicated by the Turkish Government , the object of which is to put public opinion on its guard against what are described as the false reports , which are continually put in circulation , of disturbances alleged to have taken place .

      TUB DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES . Some important news ( if true ) is communicated in a Vienna letter published in the Paris Constitutionnel , the writer of which says : — " The commission for readjusting the frontiers of Moldavia and Bessarabia finds itself absolutely compelled to ask from Russia a small portion of territory beyond what is stipulated for in the treaty of Paris . The Russian commissioners refuse , and have referred to St . Petersburg for further instructions . It is not thought that Russia will give away . The comrais-¦ ign was at Bolgrad from the 9 th to the 19 th ult . It has come to the conclusion that it cannot possibly trace out the new frontier without comprising the town of Bolgrad , in the territory to be ceded by Russia to Moldavia . "

      Aali Pacha , during his stay at Vienna , has succeeded in having it determined that the Principalities should remain separated ; but it appears that the Moldo-Wallachian population has declared itself in a sense opposed to this . Such , at least , is the latest news from Constantinople . SWITZERLAND . The Swiss Federal Council has pronounced in favour of the declaration of the Congress © f Paris regarding maritime rights in time of war . '

      AUSTRIA . The Emporor of Austria has recently shamed the English Government in a matter of religious tolerance and liberality . The ecclesiastics desired to suppress the amusements of the Viennese on . the Sunday . They proposed , that thoro should bo no aancc-muaic at the public gardens j that all the places of entertainment should bo closed j and that the people should he kept in the city , instead of wan&eringfe after their usual fashion , in tho neighbouring ! fields and woods . In like manner , the

      Archbishop of Canterbury suggested that there should be no Sunday bands in , Kensington Gardens . But Papal and despotic Austria has been more liberal than Protestant « nd free England . The Emporor refused to sour hto people into religion , and matters , remain as they were . A similar . triumph , has been' achieved in . . Bavaria . Sunday amusements were forbidden foretime . , ; but it was made so manifest that the effect had bean , hurtful rather than benefioUl , that tho Government resolved- to return to'the farmer system , of rational reoreation ., , ,,.,., .,

      A Protestant died lately at Meran ( says a letter from the Southern Tyrol in the Magdeburg Gazette ) , when the cure * refused to allow the body to be interred amongst the Roman Catholics , and insisted that it should be buried in a sepifcate portion of the cemetery . A great crowd then assembled to render the last honours to the deceased . The majority of the crowd consisted of Roman Catholics who conformed to the PrQtestant custom of walking with uncovered Lead after the coffin . On the following Sunday , the cure * alluded in sharp terms to this circumstance , and complained of the manner ^ in which the tendency towards Protestantism was gaining ground .

      The King of Greece las arrived at Vienna . It is stated that he intends shortly to visit Paris . The municipal laws of the Empire are about to receive certain modifications which will bring them back to very much the same state as that in which they existed in 184 S . The magistracy is to be the supreme municipal authority . The counsellors will be appointed by Government , but their salaries will be paid by the communities over which they preside . In general , Government will appoint the burgomasters , but in the capital and in the more important provincial cities , they will be nominated by the Emperor himself . The popular control over these functionaries which has existed during the last few years will thus be destroyed .

      * PRUSSIA . Count Orloff has recently visited Berlin on his way back to St . Petersburg . While there , he dined with the King at Sans Souci . The Russian General Rudiger died at Karlsbad on the 22 nd ult . of dropsy , without having had time to take a bath or drink any of the waters . His body has been embalmed , and is to Le sent to Russia . Mr . Sidney Herbert was present at the religious ceremony in the Evangelical church .

      RUSSIA . Some inundations have taken place in certain districts of the interior of Russia . Few particulars are as yet known . The Governments of Cherson , Ekatennoslaff , and Podolia ( says the Times Berlin correspondent ) , are declared to be no longer under martial law ; in the Crimea , however , it continues to exist , but will there also shortly be dispensed with . The force that is to be permanently stationed in the Crimean peninsula , after its evacuation by the Allies , is to be the third corps d ' armee , under General Wrangel , consisting of about 50 , 000 infantry and 8000 cavalry

      All the roads to Moscow are being put into a state of thorough repair . For the purposes of the coronation alone , they are constructing fresh houses in Moscow by dozens , and workmen are brought not only from all parts of the Empire , but even from abroad . It is computed that many of these houses will yield to their owners between twenty and thirty thousand roubles for the short period of the festivities . Whole streets are assuming a new look , as fresh stories are run up and the outsides adorned with gay decorations .

      Southern Sebastopol is to be made a first-rate fortrcsp , but on an entirely new plan . Nicholaieff ( says the Kalisch correspondent of the Oesterreichische Zeitung ") being in immediate connexion with the continent , " is to be the war port for the future fleet . " The Russian army in the Caucasus and on tho Turkish frontiers in Asia has already been reinforced . Tho Guard and Grenadier corps will remain at St . Petersburg and Novogorod ; Moscow will beuj ^ e great depot for the reserves , and tho six " active" army corps will form a great chain , extending from Odessa , across Warsaw , to the Baltic .

      The Chevalier Louis do Tegoborski , the well-known writer on Russian statistics , is mentioned as the successor of the late M . Tourkull . M . do Boutinieff is mentioned as likely to bo appointed Ambassador from Russia to tho Porte . Tho English have evacuated Kertch . The Emperor has empowered tho Minister of Finance to issuo two new aeries of State obligations , amounting to six millions of silver roubles , bearing interest from tho 1 st Julv .

      ITALY . Tho schoolmaster , Joseph Jacquet , whose case excited much sympathy in England a short time ago , from his having been condemned to six months' imprisonment by a tribunal at ChamboVy , in Sardinia , for what was termed blasphemy in tho indictment , but which was , in fact , nothing more than reading a . verse from the Now Testament ( Matthew , xiii . 56 ) , and therefrom deducing an argument adverse to the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception , has received an . unreserved pardon from tho King . Tho Duchy of Parma is now perfectly quiet . Tho state of siege will probably bo ruined in a short timo hence .

      Tho state of brigandage has become so intolerable in tho Romngna that certain communes have determined on petitioning the Roman Government on the subject , and accompanying their petitions with a declaration that , unless the civil power is employed for tho protection of their lives and property , they will not pay tho Government taxes . . Cardinal Cosonza , Archbishop of Capua , and Cardinal

      Priario Sforza , Archbishop of Naples , have both waited on the King of Naples to induce him to be more merciful in his political prosecutions , but in vain . Another prelate , the Bishop of Lecca , has been brought into Naples under an escort , accused of a plot against the state by the Commissary of Police , Creffi . Brought before the King , he was liberated , as he showed that his only crime was stating , what he knew to be the fact , viz ., that all those people now suffering punishment accused by Creffi were entirely innocent . The Bishop was set at liberty , and the Commissary of Police retains his position . —Letter in the Daily News . The Pope is said to be preparing a general amnesty in favour of political offenders . About the same time , it is added , sundry reforms are to be promulgated . The political trials at Naples are not yet finished .

      SPAIN . The disturbances at Valladolid appear to have been of a serious character . They originated in an alarm of scarcity , under the influence of which the mob opposed the embarkation of grain and flour on the canal . The Civil Governor was wounded in the head and side , and the rioters paraded the streets , crying , " Death to the rich ! " They burnt the city gates , attacked and pillaged several houses , and were only quelled by the proclamation of martial law—a step which was resorted to by the military authorities on their own responsibility , and in defiance of the directions of the civil authorities . Tranquillity is now restored . There were also riots at Rioseco , twelve leagues distant from Valladolid . The Queen has completely recovered her health .

      GREECE . The Minister of Justice at Athens ( says a writer m the Times ) has given orders for the printer and editor of the Minerva newspaper to be arrested on the charge of forging an ofiicial document . The " official document " was a private circular alleged to have been seat to the Prefects and Mayors of the districts which Mr . Smith O'Brien was to visit , the object of which was to leave him with the impression that Greece , morally and materially , enjoys the same Arcadian tranquillity and happiness ' which the Bishop of Arras lately attributed to the people of the Roman States . The matter was at length traced to the Mayor cf the Commune of Daphnesion , who has been arrested . Brigandage continues rampant , and forty pirates have seized a Government vessel near the Isle of JScaphos .

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      OUR CIVILIZATION .

      —<*—CURIOSITIES OF PRISON LIFE . The Nineteenth Report of the Inspectors of Prisons in the northern and eastern districts has juat appeared . Glancing over the " separate" prison reports ( says a summary in the Times ) , a few points are noticeable . At Cambridge , the separate system is highly approved , both at the town and county gaoL At Wisbeach , an absurd sacrifice of time is made by locking up the prisoners at dusk in unlighted cells . The consequence is that much timo is passed in bed—hardly the best place for the correction of evils of which idleness is said to bo the root . Opium-eating is very prevalent in this district , and the use of the drug is often apparent in its effect on the morals and intellect of the prisoners . Chester Gaol

      stands in need of many sanitary improvements . In Derby Gaol , the hopeless case of a young girl is noticed ; she broke all the windows of her cell , and has been constantly recommitted to the prison for various offences . Huntingdon Gaol boasts of a literary turnkey , who acts as schoolmaster to the prisoners , to the entire satisfaction of the chaplain ; taskwork appears to be much disliked in this gaol . At Kirkdale county gaol , an increase in the commitments of boys under fifteen is remarked , and there have been several recommittals . Tho separate stall system in the chapel of this pr ison has proved a failure , as it rather favours , than prevents , communication between the prisoners . In Lancaster Castle , an unfortunate debtor , like Mr . Dickona ' s " Chancery

      Prisoner" in the Fleet , obtained his "diechargo" at lastby tho hand of death . The age of the pcrBon and the circumstances of tho case are not stated . Attempts by friends of prisoners to introduce spirits into the dungeon assigned to debtors aro severely puniahed at Lancaster Castlo . Indeed , tho restrictions on debtors there appear to bo unduly severe in . comparison with other prisons . Thus , debtor M . C . is " locked up for smoking , " and debtor W . A . has his nlo stopped for two days for a similar indulgence . On one occasion , a bailiff of tho Liverpool County Court was found dead drunk outside tho Cuatlo-giites at lialf-past twelve o ' clock at night ,

      and with him a man -who requested tho warder of tho gate to tuke charge of the said bailiff . It turned out that this aobor companion , was actually a debtor in the custody of the inebriated catchpoll , who declined to avuil himself of so excellent an opportunity for effecting hia escape . On a second occasion , both bailiff and debtor arrived at tho prison considerably tho worse for alcohol . Tho want of suitable aaylums to receive juvenile offenders on discharge , " young in years , but old in crime , " is a remarkable feature in tho report on the Livorpool borough gaol , whore a prisoner wua flogged for "feigning an attempt to hang himaelf . " Tho system of overcrowding In thl » gaol is abominable , and the in-

      Untitled Article

      632 THE LEADER . [ No . 328 , Sattjbpay ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), July 5, 1856, page 632, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2148/page/8/