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Leader (1850-1860), 29th March 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 291, Untitled Article

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      which was disputed by Lord Clarendon ; and hence the difference . Since then , according to the Times Paris correspondent , " An arrangement has been , proposed by which the Allies should sign one protocol , while a second should be drawn up to which Prussia and the Allies should affix their signatures . This , fif I am correctly informed , has been adopted , and the Congress is now occupied in the redaction of both protocols . " In the meanwhile a telegraphic despatch has been or will be sent out , to suspend hostilities in the Crimea until further notice .

      Great dissatisfaction is felt by the Sultan afc the complexion , assumed by the Paris Negotiations with respect to the affairs of his empire . It appears to have been desired by the Allies to insert in the treaty of peace the Sultan ' s late decree ordering certain important re-forms touching the Christian population of Turkey ; but the Sultan objects to this as binding him to a certain form of administration in his own independent territory . Aali Pasha has therefore been instructed to oppose any such insertion : and it would

      seem , that the idea has been abandoned . Another difficulty has arisen from the question of the Danubian Principalities . When the Sultan was informed that the Plenipotentiaries were debating on the union of the two provinces , great excitement was felt at Constantinople . A formal protest , against even the discussion of this question , was sent by electric telegraph , after a great many efforts to the contrary on . the part of the French and Austrian ambassadors at Constantinople , and of the Sultan ' s own ministers .

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      Mu . Layaud at Aberdeen . —At the re-inauguration of Mr . Lnyard as Kecfcor of Mariachal College and " University , Aberdeen ( to which wo briefly alluded last week ) , ho addressed the students on the reforms which lie conceived were necessary to enable the Universities of that city to compete , not only -with Scotland , but with England . A union of * the Universities he oonceived to bo vitally necessary ; and ho stated that tho Lord Advocate , on the part of tho present ( Joverumont , has promised to introduco a bill and issue a commission . Ho believed that tho educational syatoiu in tho Scotch Universities is in some rospocta superior to that of England ; and , with roforuiH

      proper , ho " had good hopes Unit in no part of England will Scotland be aurjyusaod . " Mr . Layard announced two priced to bo given by himself to tho studontB—1 st , for tin owwuy " On tho infiuoncu of Liberty and Couunoroo ou Litoruturo and tho Arts , us illustrated by tho ( irook and Italian liopubiics . " Prize , a copy of his own works . To bo computed for by tho students in divinity , niodiohu ) , and lmv . 2 nd , " Whether Duupolio or Free Uovovniuontu arc mure likely to pursue tin ( iggrewsivo policy toward .-j other Htatos ; the di .-JOURiciiou of tho question , to bo illustrated by vufuroncoa both to ancient ; and uu / dena history / 1 Prize , u oomploto not of llnllam ' ij works . To bo competed for by tho Aria' OIuhhoh .

      Lancuhiuuk and ( JuKiiuiuK MicoiiAiSLaa' Iniatitu-TiONrt . — 'l'i » t > annual mooting of thu LanaaHhins aud Cheshire Association of Literary and Muuliuuioa ' Jnslitutiuurt , took phiou uii Saturday at thu MunoIwiBtoir Atlicmouui . Tho Bishop of Manchester prt'Hi « lv )( 3 , and wa « supported by Mr . Juinou Hoywood , M . I * ., Mr . Thonmn liw / Aoy , ]> ro .-jidont ; of tho Chamber ot Commerce , Mr . Oliver Hoy wood , Mr . Midoohu Rose , Mr . J . A . Niuuolln , aud other leading gontlomeu uf tho neighbourhood . There was a good uttondanoo of

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      between the Pope and Francis Joseph of Austria , with special reference to Hungary in general , and the Protestantism of Hungaiy in particular . " The Rev . M > . Thoresby presided . M . Kossuth , who -was received with loud cheers , remarked that the Concordat was , on the part of the Pope , a daring and dangerous manifestation of aspiration to universal supremacy , and , ou the parb of the Austrian Emperor , a shameful surrender of the most sacred rights of the crown , the clergy , and the people . To Hungary the consequences would bo very serious .

      That country had always displayed a bold opposition to Papal pretensions , both before and after the Reformation . After taking a general survey of the causes of the Concordat , of which he reserved the details for the next lecture , he proceeded to sketch the peculiar characters of tho Pope and the Emperor of Austria . Kingcraft and priestcraft were united in them for the suppression of liberty . In conclusion , M . Kossuth pointed out the troubles which the triumph of the Concordat iu Hungary might in time bring upon England , and quoted a remark made upon the subject by Oliver Cromwell . The meeting separated with three cheers for the lecturer .

      tional accommodation to the extent of 600 beds for patients may be provided at the county asylum , at Hanwell , at an expense not exceeding £ 67 , 300 be approved , and that the report , together with ' plans and estimates / be referred back to the committee , with directions to bring the whole matter under the consideration of the Secretary of State for the Home Department , in order that his sanction may be obtained , if it shall appear to him that this mode of providing additional accommodation for the pauper lunatics of the county should b 9 adopted under the direction of the Court . " i Mr . N . Laurie conceived that the extension should be much greater , and that accommodation should be made to the extent of 3 , 000 for each asylum . He remarked : — "It is said that drunkenness is the

      great cause of the increase of lunacy ; but what is the fact ? Drunkenness is on the decrease ; but reference to the statistical table appended to the report will show a cause of insanity which is greatly on the Lacrease , and that is distress—loss and anxiety in trade , to which causes from thirty-five to forty cases set forth in the tables are attributable . A great battle is being fought in this large town , by men and women , in keeping starvation at arms' length . " The motion was agreed to .

      LORD SHAFTESBVK . Y AT MANCHESTER . The Earl of Shaftesbury having ; accepted an invitation to attend a public meeting of the Young Men's Christian Association at Manchester on Tuesday evening , the operatives connected with the late short-time movement availed themselves of the opportunity of waiting upon his Lordship to confer witih him upon the nature of Colonel Wilson Patten's bill for amending the law relating to the fencing of machinery . The interview took place at the Albion Hotel .

      Manchester , on Monday evening . The operatives expressed themselve 3 desirous of not throwing any obstacles in the way of the proposed measure so far as it referred to the modification of the iaw affecting machinery , but appeared to have a vague idea that advantage might be taken of the opportunity for smuggling into the bill provisions nb variance with the Ten Hours' Act . Lord Shaftesbury said he did not think there was any cause for that apprehension ^ and he advised the operatives not to oppose the

      measure . The Earl afterwards proceeded to a meeting of short-timed delegates , at the Cotten-tree Inn , Ancoats , at which about two hundred men and women were present . Mr . Paul Hargravea took the chair , and Mr . Thomas Maudesley l'ead an address , thanking his Lordship for the services he had rendered to the factory operatives by his advocacy of a restriction of the 'hours of labour . The Earl of Shaftesbury expressed his gratification at learning the good results of the measure which he had been instrumental in passing ; and Lord Ashley afterwards briefly addressed the meeting .

      On 1 uesday evening , Lord Shaftesbury addressed the Young Men ' s Christian Association at the Corn Exchange , dwelling at some length upon the evils of what he termed diseased commercial activity , leading to that competition by which young men in shops are taught to make the worse appear the belter article , aud by which the customer is seduced in a , variety of ways .

      PUBLIC MEETINGS . ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM MEETING . A VOBLic meeting was held at St . Martin ' s-hall , Long Acre , on Tuesday night , in order , in the words of the advertisement , to " consider the necessity of a vigorous efforb to counteract existing abuses in the administration of the affairs of the country , to expose corrupt influences and favouritism in Government appointments , the consequent inefficiency of the public service , and enormous increase of taxation . " Mr . Smedley , the High Bailiff of Westminster , presided , but the attendance was very scanty . Mr . Bell , who attended as one of a deputation from the Administrative Reform Association , proceeded to defend

      that body from the charges which had been brought against it . He said it had been described as coming forward at the wrong time ; but , for himself , he had never heard of any reform being proposed , but some one said it was " the wrong time . " The ucfitness of many of the candidates for public offices had been shown by the Civil , Service Commissioners , who stated that out of 1 , 078 candidates for appointments there were only 676 who were at all capable of performing the duties of the offices to which they aspired , while 300 were rejected because they could not read , write , or spell , or were deficient in geography , or were otherwise totally incompetent for the public service . Mr . Bell concluded by moving a resblution

      condemnatory of this evil , and claiming the support of the meeting for the Administrative Reform Association . Mr . H . G . Robinson , who seconded the motion , regarded Administrative Reform as one of the stepping stones to Parliamentary Reform . Sir . J . V . Shelley , M . P ., moved by way of amendment an addendum to the resolution , setting forth " that a complete and permanent removal of existing abuses can only be expected as tho result of a reform of the House of Commons , including vote by ballot . " Mr . Fhilan , a chartist , then cam © forward , and at first experienced some difficulty in gainhig a hearing , tho Bailiff stating that the meeting was confined to the electors of Westminster j but tho auditory decided otherwise . He affirmed that the House of

      Commons corrupt , that tho doctoral body is corrupt , and that it is clearly the duty of the people ot England "to remove tho whole lot ; " and he concluded by moving a resolution in favour of a reform ^ of Parliament in accordance with tho six " points" of " the charter . " Some uproav succeeded : and , in answer to a question from a Mr . Davy , Mr . Boll defined tho objects of the Administrative ) Reformers to bo tho throwing open of all situations under Uovommont to public competition , aud tho abolition of tho existing system of making it ueocssary that candidates for examination should bo nominated

      by Members of Parliament . A few words wero addressed to tho mooting by a person calling himsel f a tutor , who stated that ho hncl oxainined candidates lor appomtmont in tho War Department , and that ho was convinced that " tho most intolerable corruption " Si ' n - ' . f \ Bo 11 ' havIn » 'icooptod Sir J . V . bhouoy h addendum , Mr . Finland amendment was first . put , and rejected . Tho original resolution , inoludiug tho addition , vros then put , and avjib iiIbo negatived , tho chairman observing , " Neither the original motion nor tho amendment is carried " The mooting accordingly broke up amidst much laughter .

      M . 1 COS 8 UTH ON THE AU 6 TMAN OONaOIUiAT . M . KoBButh , on Wednosday evening , delivered tho first of two looturoH , at the Spa-fields schoolroom liiXiuoutu-Btreot , Olorkouwol ) , on tho " Concordat

      FRAUDS ON UNDERWRITERS . A large attendance of members of Lloyd's took place on "Wednesday at the annual meeting in the Subscription Room , Royal Exchange , in consequence of notice of a motion for considering the present condition of the underwriting business . Mjr . Baring , M . P ., was in the chair . Mr . Watts rose and introduced the motion by a statement of facts and arguments . He called attention to the increased risk for which underwriters are now responsible . First , there is the great change made in the size of mercantile vessels ; the unwieldy and dangerous class of vessels now employed ; the clipper nuisance and danger ; the use of iron in the construction of large ships ; the difficulty

      of procuring competent captains and mates ; the impossibility of manning ships with ablebodied British seaiiien ; . the necessity of making use of undersized , drunken , outpoi't and foreign lubbers , quite unfit for . seamen ' s duties , thanks to legislative tinkering of the laws by ignorant statesmen , for the most part set hi motion by interested adventurers ; and , above all , the increased risk of collision , arising from the introduction of steam , and the reckless sacrifice of safety to speed . A shameless system of imposition was practised on the underwriter ; there was an organised system of premeditated fraud in the guise of claims for particular average , for damages by sea water , which was rapidly identifying itself with ordinary business , and against -which the underwriter had no sufficient protection . It was impossible to write goods to any

      port in the world without having a claim made for alleged sea damage ; and the extent and audacity of this system indicated a condition of commercial morality perfectly appalling . Shippers and manufacturers looked not to the profit of the markets so much as to the profit they could extract from the pockets of underwriters by manufactured claims for pretended sea damage . The proposition he had to make was for the meeting to agree to establish a board of investigation , to which all doubtful and disputed claims should be referred . The decision of thiB board should be binding , either for the claim to he " paid or resisted out of a common fund . He also proposed , that a x'egister of claims , tho names of parties , find the nature of the claims , be kept for the use of tho menVbers , The motion , on being put , was declared to bo negatived .

      FREIE TRADE WITH XTRA . NOE . An open air meeting was held on Tuesday at Hanley . It was convened by a now society , formed by gentlemen oounocted with the Potteries district , aud called the Anglo-French Free Trade Association . The chiof abject of the meeting was to discuss tho necessity of reducing tho duty upon foreign , especially French , wines , in order to obtain from Franco and other countries a reduction of the duty upon pottery . Mr . Olivoira , M . P ., had been invited to ntteud , and ho had several members of Parliament who aro favour

      able to tho objects sought by the association . Tlio procession from Stoke was joined by tho Hon . F . L . Cower , member for tho' borough ; Mr . Smith Child , M . P ., Mr . Olivoira , M . P ., Mr . M'Gregor , M . P ., and several of tho largo manufacture re of tho district . Mr . Alb ut , the ohiof bailiff of lianloy , proaidod ; and tho meeting wm addressod by Mr . Bodley , Mr . Smith Child , M . P ., Mr . Olivoira , M . P ., the Hon . F . L . Cower , Mr . 13 . S . Braugh , and Mr . J . M'Glrogor , M . P ., who ftpoko in favour of tho objects proposed by tho association . itoBolufciona in acoordanoo wore uimuhnouuly carrlod .

      TUia UANWJ ' XL AND OOLNKY HATCH LUNATIC ASYLUMS . A upooiul mooting of tho mugintraoy of Middlesex was hold at the Sosaion-houHo in Clorkeuwell ou Thursday , to oonaidor plans for tho onlurijomont of tho Hanwoll und Colnoy Hntoh AHyluma . Kir Alexnndor Spoarmiui moved , " That tho report of tlio committoo and tha reaomrnondutions therein contained , which suggottt tho moaeuroa by wliioh adcli-

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      March 29 , 1856 . ] THE LEADEB . 291

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), March 29, 1856, page 291, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2134/page/3/