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Leader (1850-1860), 23rd February 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 172

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      that advantage on other days ; that , though a day of rest -is an . institution of incalculable advantage to . man , we are not bound to observe it with an excess 'of gloom , and rigour ; that the want of innocent recreation on the Sunday has the effect of drawing working men into the gin-shop ; thatj however great a right Sabbatarians might have to spend their Sunday after their own fashion , they ought not to insist upon coercing others ; that , while the rich man has his Sunday olub and even his Sunday soirees , it is partial legislation to deny the poor man his Sabbath . recreation ; and that the immense number of the petitions against the motion was owing

      Chief ; at'home , are still forwarded to the Secretary of State to take the pleasure of the Crown upon them , oivwhether the- Secretary of State could disregard the recommendations o . f the Commander on the place , of action ? and whether the responsibility of the appointment of the Earl of Cardigan and General Airey rests with Lord Hardinge or the Secretary of State ? Moreover , was it , true that Lord Hardinge never received the * report of the Crimean Commission till it reached his hands , as a member of that House ? Lord Panmxjke repeated the explanations he had already given with respecfc to the report which he received last June , being too meagre for the Government to act on . The duties of the Secretary for War

      include the civil administration of the army—the Commander-in-Chief , subject to the approval of the Government , arranging allmeasures relating to discipline , patronage , and promotion . With regard to the higher promotions of the army , it is the practice of the Commander-in-Chief to obtain assent of the War Secretary- For the appointments of the Earl of Cardigan and General Ah-ey , he was as responsible as Lord Hardinge . —After a few observations from Lord Habdinge , wTio expressed his approval of the Board of Inquiry , Lords Grex and DijBBT / signified their satisfaction with the explanations that ; had been ajivren , and the latter withdrew his motion ; , after which the House adjourned .

      V- ' NATIONAIi EDUCATION . .. Jh tjhe HOTJSE iO ^ tCoMMONS , . ¦; .- , \ / ILord ^ OHKrKtfssfiijii gave notice that , on that day fdrtfcnighti he would propose resolutions on the subject of national education in England and Wales .. ¦ ¦ ¦ y :. y \ " THE'CRIMEAN 'RlipbKT . V ¦ . . : ¦ ;* Ktjiianswer to 'Colonel- North ; , Mrv Frederick Peel said that certain returns prepared by one of the Coni jnisiioners delating to the nature and severity of-the dfeeases in the Crimea , with the view of their forming pai-t of the report , together with some "remarks that £ he had made upon them ., were not included in the report , because the other Commissioner objected to their insertion , on the ground that they were not within the scape of the matters which the Commissioner were iappomted to investi ^

      . THE CAJAtTST SADDIiES ; Sfr . MoirsErjj , in answer to' Sir' JameS iFEKdpssoar , explained the circumstences connected vnth the uhsuitableness of the saddles and bite supplied to the iind Regiment of German Cavalry ; The articles in ¦ question were supplied according to a pattern approved of by the Commander ^ n-Chief . The failure of the Saddles arose from , the unavoidabler ' ijse ' , byHhe ebriti actor , of unseasoned wood . To prevent the like in future , the ; Gp-verninent iiad resolved to ; keep in stock a sufficient supply of properly seagdned wood . '' The bits wo aid' be discontinued . Tfrr . Mbnsell went into other ' ¦ . details relative to certain ^ &riicl « s of cl 6 thing Mso found to be unsuitable . - •'« . ¦

      . >•>¦ . t . ;; -. ¦ '; . STXNDAY OBSERVANCE , . , , ! Pre > 'ipus to the debate on Sir iTosB ; u " . A . Waj-mslet ' s motion , nearly an hour was occupied in the presentation of petitions for and . against , the contemplated opening of the . British Museum ., Sec ., pn Sundays . The Jailer infinitely outweighed the fprn ^ r , and may « a ; d to have poured in impeifjct tprrc n % : The , / appear to have emanated chiefly from ^ un ^ a ^ scK pol . teaehe ' and scholars , antl from reiigious . bpi ^ iea , ' Sojbae peti tions / fyoni . \ vwMhjg men in , yarjpus ' pltyceEj , in fa ^ ur . pf the opening ^ vere pressujiedy ' , ' T ^ eae . ' . , pW ? nta : p £ ; fche national mind , " says' the ' Qfdrjiiiig Jrost ^ ,, reapK ^ athe Housp in cabs a , nd trucks , an ^ p % e ' ^ . ^ vjulabie ' meaus , causing a good deal pjf ^ iexcitenie ^ lj . a ^ | hey rdjlle ' d , . along ParharnentTatreet ¦

      . , . , ,. ^ ^ ri JlpEBTTOKeaiithcit , before / Sir , ^ pshua Walmsrey proceeded , to move his , rosolutiop , he wished to ' put a question to the Home Secretary , jit appeared that the magistrates of Oldham—very . 'learned gentlemen , he ( had , np doubt— -had a niiftubrouglit ' before them laa ' fc , Monday charged with shaving on Sunday , and that , thqse learnqd pundits infl ^ cted ' a . fine of § s , for tho offence . He wished tp knpw , wh ether the" right hon . genljlonaau ' s attention jljad ^ ' been called to this extraordinary manifestation pif magisterial ' wisdom '?—% \ v 0 E ) 9 nara Geey said , his attentiojaMiad n , otj been ( ca , ][ l < ecl : i ; o ,. the ' matter , and until thai ; motaeht he lV 0 . fl hph . rd ' iiothuigjpf ik—Mr . HoBBTJi 3 ic Biwd ; he had heard of ifciisihqphle eperod , the JHouae , Sir . JpsjiiuA . ; " ^ XtMBLBv th « n moved ;—" Tliat , in the ion ofthis it would tho

      , ppi ^ . , H ; Ouso , promote jmoz' ^ , and ihtelJleotualjimprovement ¦ ¦ $£ tlie yoirkiilg" , otq ^ seB pf this mo ^ r , ojpbli ' s , if tlie coileotipnff' cif iisttttral history and pf art in , the British' WCiiBe ' um and the j ^ p-ti ^ naj , Galtery , were open to the friiblip iliapoctlbn ^ f ^ r' / pjiorning service on Sunday , 8 ?' 'A de ' flult ' ofy , ^^ it ^ . r ^ PP ^* * debate oriaucd , in . whiph the argu-% ; ii ^^^ ft | ij , Tbpt | i sides were exactly similar to those ^ P ^^ PMf ft ^ * Pccasj | on& . In favour of the mo' ^ i ^*^ W ^' ^ 'i . ^ P ^ ( fleooxided it ) , Mr . •^^ MMte ^ P f ^ j STAiji , TB-jr , Mr . HUyrooD , wad Lord »( fMWW iphyBfoal , intellectual , nnd ^ WSwSX ^ Worki % olaB 8 es would bo S ^ # ft # M - <»* morning service , ^ . WWW ^ ' them im driving

      to their having been got up by corporate bodies . Mr . Heywood , in the course of his speech , took a bold and ( as far as Parliament is concerned ) novel position ; He said : —" Twelve years ago , the subject of the creation of the world in sis days , involving rest on the seventh , was seriously discussed at the meeting of the . British Association for the Advancement of Science at York . ( Cries of 'Question /'•) . The gentleman who iutroduced the subject was Dr . Cockburn , the Dean of York , the father of the excellent Attorney-General . The gentleman who replied to- him was Professor Sedgwick ; and he never heard anything more triumphant than the answer of the

      Professor to the Dean of York , for he clearly proved that the creation : ofobhe world had taken millions and millions of year 8 > and that it was utterly impossible to , have created it , in any number of ' sixes' . that could be conceived ., ( Laughter ^ and cries of ' Oh , ohl' anid 'Question . 'l The United Secerders of Ayr , in a petition which they had , presented to the House , stated that the Sabbath had existed from the beginning of the world . They appeared to believe that the v ^ orld-was reaUy made ^ in six days , and that the Sab . ba . tk was coeval with the creation . Sir Roderick MurchjsoiL , or any other eminent man who under

      stood the subject , would tell them at once that there was no foundation for any such theory ; that it was an old Jegend , among the Jews , carried down to our day . ( A / laugh . ) . : The Legislature was placed in a diujcult position , inasmuch as a large number of the constituencieg wished their representatives to do sonaething . . which ^ vas contradicted by the ordinary re 3 tilts of scieritmc research . { Cries of ' OJi ! ' ) Jt was no secret that the , date of the first books of the Bible was now held to be later than it was in old time 3 ; m fact , it was doubted Ayhether Moses wrote the Book of Genesis at all . " ( Renewed cries of " Oh / oh J" and'laughter ?)

      On the other side , Mr , PELLATr moved , as an amendment on the original motion , " That , in the opinion of this House , inoro frequent opportunities should be afforded for week-day iaapection . of the National Gallery , ¦ Qovernment . museums , and wo vks of art ; also ,., that the British Museum should be open five days in the week , and especially on Mondays and Saturdays , those days being most convenient to the working classes . "; In opposition to Sir Joshua Walmsley and hia supporters , it was contended by Mr . Pella . tt , Mr . Baxteii , Mr . Ckossley , Mr . JSTapikb , Mr . Caibns , Mr . Roundem . Palmeb , . Mr . Edward BAj > i-,, Mr . Mxinsz , and Mr ; Wkjram , that the Sabbath iB , of divine origin , and must be kept sacred from work ; that the ultimate effect of granting what was desired by the motion , would be to authorise the

      opening , m theatres , shops , manufactories , &o ., and to lead to the extinction of the day of rest ; that there is , present a great desirovon . thepart of , large employers to trench on the Sunday of their labourers ; that the observance of the Sabbath has probably been at tho bottom of a , large , part of our national prosperity and even of our physical strength , not to speak of moi-ality and , religion ; and tliat the State is bound to uphold the general sense of tho oountry in thia respeot . —Lord Paimekston said ho did not think the more opening of two places of resort would of itself materially affect the pbaervance o £ the Sabbath , or infringe its sanctity .

      Rut the objoctora to the motion conceived that it was only a step to ( something else ; and , as the majority of the country wore against tho opening of places of omuaeinent on .-Sunday ,, and O 3 it vms most desirable to maintain tho repose and sanctity of that day , ho should , yote agniuet tho Motion . With regard to tho araondniont , ho recommended its withdrawal , m he knew that the trustees of tho Britiah Museum are most anxious to , . inako any avraugements which are consistent with the duo management of tho institution , for the purppae / of giving tho people additional facilities tp view it .

      The amendment having been withdrawn , after « reply frow Sh- Joshua Wat 4 msj . 3 sy , tlio House divided upon tho original motion , which waa negatived by 870 to 48 . The other business was di ^ ppsed of , and tho Houao adjourned .

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      T ... HE ¥ AB .

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      A . few dropping shots of war news continue to interrupt the mild talk of peace . The Russians still fire frorn the northern forts ; and General Luders reports , under date of the 26 th ult ., that the Allies continue to fortify the Bay of Kamiesch . He mentions , also , that some affairs of outposts have taken place on the left flank of the Russian army . The Allies are about to complete the destruction of the Russian ships sunk in the harbour of Sebastopol . The French artiller }^ it is state d has received orders on this subject . The ice has broken up in the Sea of Azof , and cruising has recommenced . Scurvy is ^ making great ravages iu the Russian army , A part of the pasUalic of Kars has been evacuated by the Russians , who have withdrawn a portion of their advanced posts , vhich . had been extended on the side of Erzeroum , so that Hassan ^ Kaleh has since been occupied b y the Turks . Great sufferings have been endured in consequence of snow and frost . The head-quarters of Omar Pacha continue at Redout-Kaleh . The force under his command amounts to 32 , 000 men , who are well provisioned . Some alarm was created at tfrzerourri by a report that three of the members of the council of the Government were ia cproespondence with the Russians , in consequence of which they had been banished from tlie city .

      lhe JJonau states that , when the news ot the Swedish alliance reached Russia , it was debated in council whether "war should not be declared against King Oscar ; but the negative "was finally determined on . THE COWARDICE OF TURKISH OFFICEBS . There has been a distribution of honours and rewards to the troops engaged on the Lagour , a distribution , which has offered an amusing illusfftitioji of the contrast between Western and Oriental Dotions . The officers who commanded in the action were ordered to send in lists of such of their subordinates as they deemed worthy of the Medjidie . Lieuteuaut-Colonel Ballard satisfied himself by a list of tkirteen xijimes . Osman Paeha , who had about the same number of killed and wounded , and whose force occupied a position scarcely of equal importance , sent iu two ' hundred and thirty / The requisition of each officer was strictly complied with . Under Colonel Ballard , the men of real merit alone were decorated . Cnder Osman Pacha , every officer who either was or ought to have been , engaged—those who run away , those Who remained at their post—all received the order of merit : Among the number were numerous pipebearevs to the principal officers ; but , under tho Turkish system , rewards to these men are more ludicrous than oincer

      m seeming m reality . An of any rank , when his troops are going into action , has his carpet spread xipon the gvouud they are about to leave , dismounts from his hoi" 3 c , squats down , calls for his pipe , wishes his men God speed , and endeavours , more or less successfully , to < loaclen terror by the soothing influence of tobacco . Tho Chibouque-jee , compelled by respeot to stand l > ehiud his * master * is , of course , far more exposed to danger than he , and servants of this class who will < lo their duty within sound of fire-arms , and will constantly bo ready with the solace so much needed by their employers , are not only highly valued , but tleservo decoration at least aa much as their employer * . To . gether with , the orders , some jewelled swords veiv sent to the officers of Osman Pacha : and of i ) ij f awords one has fallen to tlie lot of a colonol \ v ! u > sought refuge in a hospital during , tho wholo batllo u ' tho Ingour , and whom the Burgeons -vainly alleuii'l'M to dislodge . Accustomed to the bravery of every o ! : < m of our own troops , English readers will aoivrooly comprehend or credit tho cowardice of Turkish officers . Some of those under the orders of Oolouol Ballard sheltered themselves iu a houso during tho notion , and , when dix-eotod to . join their men , objected , saying that there was no oover , nnd that they would be exposed to fire on their advance . It in reported that Colonel Ballavd promised those men tho cover they required , and that ho actually afforded it , by taking them one by one behind him upon U \ hoveo , and thus conveying them to their yoata of duty . — SHmea Correspondent ( Mingrdia ) .

      this blowing ; ur of foht mcnor . As . General Codrington has communioatod to Lord Paurnuro tho annexed vivid account of tho explowiou of Fort Nicholas : — Sobastopol , Fab . 4-My Lord , —Marshal PolieBior informed mo a fow duyu ago that this day tfort Nicholas would bo destroyed ; and ho sent again to say that at ono o ' clook , p . m ., tho mines for this purpoao would bo nro . l . 'J ' view ovov tho wholo harbour is woll obtained from the interior slopo of the ltoclnn Hill , and from otlujr points within tho Ru »» ian linos .

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      London ConroiiATtoN Reform . —Some convorsntion took plaoo , at a Court of Common Council recently held , on tbo eubjeot of corporation reform , tho result of which appeared to bo ' tliat tho Qovernmont htts ' given an intimation that it has not yet been ablo to mftturo a Dill with a \ ioiv to that object .

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      ¦ ¦ l ? 2 TiMM XlE-AD E R . fflo * ' 30 ^ Saturday ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 23, 1856, page 172, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2129/page/4/