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    E NEW METROPOLITAN LEGISLATURE . don is formed into a Federal Municipality . i , indeed , at present only confederated for ain purposes . The several districts have ted their new vestries , and have sent their esentatives to the General Board of Works , 3 h will manage the Metropolis with referi to roads , drainage , &c . The members of Metropolitan Parliament have met , and 3 taken a business view of their position . y look first to their first duties , and show musual degree of scrupulousness in doing e duties properly . Their first care was to he salary of their chairman , then to elect They fixed the salary at a minimum , —

    is the fashion of the day . They deferred election of their chairman , but they laid ri the peremptory condition that he must up the whole of his time to the commis-They are looking at present only to cs ; they trouble themselves not with local ics , or the numberless duties that may nately come before a federal adminison of the Metropolis . Works at present all their minds , and they evidentl y desire ave a chairman efficient , and faithful , and p . he so-called " utilitarian" spirit of tlio clay , ; h runs always to the most material and owest view of uses , has tended much to iguish that healthy tone of action which es men " ambitious . " It is partly because middle-classes are not enough ambitious , ey call ambition a vice—that they leave ar to be assumed by those whom birth or th places at the head of affairs ; mid wu governed by an aristocracy of privilege ,

    use tho love of power has declined in the sts of the people . Hence , they can at 2 nt conceive no hi gher idea of a Board of ks with a working agent in the chair , me will expand the ideas of the new Moilitan Parliament ; and , if they choose an ent chairman ho may help the expansion . man has been named amongst the candii whtf would be efficient in his duties ,

    certainly most clear-sighted , and as independent as any man in the whole country—it is Mr . Roebuck . The public -rtrould like to see him placed there . But he is a man not without ambition . He is capable of seeing that the Board of WoTks is only the germ of the greatest municipality that the world ever saw . The new Council of Forty placed over our empire city , greater than that of Venice in

    extent of population and wealth , —a giant to a dwarf , —appears to us to have under-estimated its own position , except in the endeavour to bring its chairman under it with a crushing supremacy in the council over it ' s President . This beats "V enice : the Doge was not reduced to his full tractability before the lapse of centuries . Mr . Roebuck , however , has the spirit of a Marino Faliero , and he needs not fear the fate of that great man .

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    THE REGIUS PROFESSOR ' S SUBMISSION . Oue readers are aware that there has recently been a great stir at Oxford and in the religious newspapers about a book written by the Rev . Benjamin Jowett , of Balliol College . Mr . Jowett , who , luckily for himself , was made Professor of Greek just before the emeute began , is one of the best men and most influential teachers at Oxford . His book is a very able ( we believe it is undoubtedly the ablest ) commentary on the Ep istles to the Romans , Thessalonians , and Galatians—a commentary learned without pedantry , and as candid as it is possible for any one under the writer's circumstances to be . The commentary is interspersed with Essays , very beautifully written , and often very masterly , on subjects connected with the Life , Character , and Doctrines of St . Paul , and the nature and institutions of Primitive Christianity ;—the account of Primitive Christianity beino ; probably the most comprehensive , philosophic , and trustworthy thing of the kind we have . The whole work is marked by conspicuous excellencies and equally conspicuous defects . The excellencies arise from learning , philosophy , earnest thought , candour , real human sympathies , honesty of purpose . The defects arise from timidity , inconclusivcness , the enfeebling and mystifying influences of German philosophy—the tyranny of clerical obligations . You feel the pressure of the white neckcloth in every page , forcing the writer not only to stop short of obvious conclusions , but sometimes even to draw from his premises an opposite conclusion from that to which they obviously lead . Such is the character of the work which seems destined to make almost as great a commotion in the Church as Dr . IIampden ' s " Bampton Lectures , " or Mr . Ward ' s " Ideal . " On two points , however , Mr . Jowktt lias put aside that veil of mystic philosophy in which he generally envelopes dangerous questions , and has spoken out too p lainly for the endurance of his order . The one is the Conversion of St . Paul , the other is the Doctrine of tho Atonement . Ho has intimated pretty clearly that tho miraculous conversion of Ht . Pauc may have been only what is called a subjective fact , —that is , in plain Knghsh , no fact at all , but a fiction of the imagination . In regard to the Atonement , Mr . Jownrr , in effect , ' denies that God wan reconciled to man by the sacrifice of Ciiuisr—that IIo is capable of interposing fictions of wralh or mercy between Himwelf and Mis creatures—ot taking the sufferings of tho innocent as a propitiation for the sins of the guilty—or being moved , like a human conqueror , to momentary compassion . He ndinils , m short , that the common and orthodox doctrine of the Atonement is contrary to our moral sense , and to aJJ worthy conceptions of the nature of Gor > .

    j Herettporij Mr . Goxightlt , who plays the part of a sort of Informer-general against rising heresies At Oscford , arid Dr . Macbride , a good old man and excellent Head of a House , whom we regret to see mixing in the persecution o ; f free opinion , delate Mr . Jowett to the Vice-Chancellor , and the Vice-Chancellor , by virtue of the authority given him in such cases , calls upon Mr . Jowett to repeat his subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles , which , among other things , most distinctly affirm the common , orthodox , and , accoiding to Mr . Jowett , immoral and impious doctrine of the Atonement . Mr . Jowett thus summoned by the Proconsul to burn incense to the image of Cjesar , burns incense without the slig htest hesitation . This submission may seem at first sight calculated to excite considerable surprise , and even indignation . But the indignation , if pointed at Mr . Jowett individually , would be unjust . Membership of a national University is made to depend on the belief in Articles , which no one of the various sects in the Church of England believe , except perhaps the remnant of the Hig h-and-Dry-school ; and which even the remnant of the High-and-Dry-school believe in ignorance , which to them is bliss . Hence lias arisen a regular system of subscription in ' non-natural' senses , a system which the Newmanites iirst openly avowed , and carried to the most unblushing extent . Hig h Churchmen of course cannot conscientiously speak to the Article which sets Scripture ( that is , of course , Scripture interpreted by the reason of the individual ) above the Church , or to the Article which consecrates Erastianism by laying it down that General Councils cannot be summoned with , - out the consent of Princes , and cuts away the very root of the Hig h Church theory , by declaring that General Councils , when summoned , are liable to err . Some of them used to get over the words requiring the consent of princes to the assembling of Councils , by interpreting them as an assertion of the pregnant and relevant fact that the Bishops cannot get to the place of meeting unless Princes will allow them to have the use of railways and postchaises ! Again , the Evangelicals cannot conscientiously assent to the Canon ( subscribed with the Articles ) which declares that all the doctrines contained in the Book of Common Prayer , among others the doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration , arc agreeable to the Word of God . They therefore must blink or distort the obnoxious passages when they set their hands to the Canon . The official faith of the University is an organised hypocrisy , grown so familiar as not to touch the moral sense , of which Mr . Jowktt is an instance only , though he happens to bo a somewhat conspicuous instance . We arc not , inclined to use any hard language on the subject , nor do we think that any hard language would be justified . The connivance of society can , no doubt , modify tha import of an act of subscription , as well as of any other act of a public nature . But we do ,. in tho name of voracity and justice , cull for an immediate , change of system . Kuch divorcement between public profession and private faith is fatal to religion , and fatal to truth . Tho Church in which it prevails is not a broad Church , but a Church of fraud and t « juivocation , grounded not on extensive * toleration ol difference * , but on a pretended agreement , whore no agreement really « xihIh . It paosea our imagination to conceive , how tic people can be expected to look to such a Church , or to the Universities which it monopoly , for guidance or for truth . And to tl . iB moral , tested by Mr . Jowktt ' s nffiiir , we will add another which it suggests vritli equal force . Laymen must boldly , thoug h reverently , hi-

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    lts , and does he nevertheless persevere ? om the course of his march it is obvious it Omab Pacha's movement from Souchum ileh -was quite unsuspected by the Russians , i quite unprepared for . He carried the jour , occupied Sugdidi , fought , it is said , a ond battle at Khoni , and won it ; and still sssed on for Kutais . While Kars held out s was a bold and prudent operation , well eulated to compel Mouravieff to draw off m Kars for the defence of Tiflis . But , as Russian General doubted the ability of the xison to hold out , so he seems to have lbted the power of Omar Pacha to carry his project . The fruit was Kars . Now , aeral Mouravieff can leave a garrison there , [ , if the snow permit , hasten with the rest lis army to force back the Turkish General . i question is , whether the latter can hold grotind , and , if he press on , can he keep it , maintain intact through the winter a long of communications with the sea ? Supposing goal of Omar Pacha is Akhaltsikh , instead ? iflis , and General Mouravieff occupies it ; , how will it be possible for Omar Pacha to 1 his ground ? We confess we look on his tion with apprehension . "here is another aspect of the question , s has fallen , and Russia is victorious . The te is pledged to the war in Asia ; her ps are entangled in the matter ; she is in ¦ y way committed . The Allies really pro-3 d to back her ; will they keep their nise ? If they do , they will have to fight nguinary , a religious war ; if they do not , jast Turkish Armenia will run great risks eing conquered .

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    December 22 , 1855 . ] THE LEADER , ifBSA

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 22, 1855, page 1223, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2120/page/11/