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Heaven mingled with the flames from burning SSS and Stresses . 'The torrent of wateiy however , -was not strong enough to put ^ out-the yet stronger-conflagration , which continued to burn for ^ SSSVienna , dated the 2 Oth , and ^ mb-HWieti in the Independance Bei ge , gives some particulars of the operations of the Allies after they had established themselves in -Sebastopdl : — " According to the last-accounts from fiebastopol a portitm . of the allied army was engaged in sorting the ammunition and materiel found iu the city , and reestablishing the circulation through the principal streets , which -was intercepted by barricades . General HerhilloB , appointed governor of the place , was preparing a report on the state of the conquered works . Other parties were removing the siege guns on board the fleet . ] The main body of the army is stationed on the heights ( of the Tchernaya , which the Russians attempted to carry on the 16 th of August . Equal activity was observable in the Russian camp . The position of Prince Gorts- ' chakofF is very strong , and the capture ? of the hills , de- ' fended by his troops , would cost the Allies as much blood as the storming of SebastopoL His cavalry , which has ^ not seen-fire since the opening of the campaign , and is far superior in number to that of the Allies , occupies the plain of Simpherqpol . Letters from Odessa state that * convoys of provisions are constantly forwarded to the Hussion camp , vid Perekop . " ^ According to a . despatch from Sevastopol , dated c the 16 th , the Russians were fortifying the north a part , and constructing new batteries . The French j ware advancing cavalry and columns of infantry to- t wards Baktchi-Serai by the JBaidar road . There is a xumour that Sebastopol is to be razed , and the basins a to be filled up ; but this must be received with doubt . ^ : Oa the 17 th it was reported that the Russians were t throwing shells into the town from Fort Constantine . j Admiral PamphilofE" is reported to be killed ; but a j . rumour to the effect that Osten Sacken had blown o Ms brains out is not confirmed . Marshal Pelissier , ^ writing on the 19 th , says : — q " Out of the 4000 pieces of artillery found at Sebas- m topoL 50 at least are in bronze . Others were thrown -w into the port at the moment of the retreat ; I shall have iti them-sought for . We have already taken 200 , 000 eh kilogrammes of gunpowder from the place , and more IV has been found . The number of projectiles will exceed 100 , 000 . " w < The Presse d'Orient states that the Russians have sc destroyed all the forts and bastions south of the th roadstead , including Forts St . Paul and Nicholas . ° P Fort Alexander blew up , and Fort Quarantine was tr < set flre to . General Gortschakoff , on the 23 rd , reported that sti a reinforcement of 20 , 000 troops of the Allies had F 1 landed at Eupatoria , and that the division there , as raised to a strength of 30 , 000 men , had attacked the its Bussian infantry , which retreated over the heights of of Rusta . It would seem , therefore , that the Allies C < are bent upon following up their victory , instead of Wi sitting still and speculating . of The TuTks have made a successful sortie at Kare . w ' It is also stated—though this , perhaps , is only Cc another version of the same fact—that the Russians * h attacked Kare in two columns ; and that they were * h repulsed , and left several hundreds of dead on the f * field . The place , however , is still invested , and various accounts are given of the state of the gar- eai rison with respect to provisions , some alleging that ne there is a plentiful supply , others that the soldiers * h < are reduced to eating horseflesh . At Erzeroum , a ^ cholera has broken out , and M . de Castaing , the va French consul there , has fallen a victim . It is now ch > said that the Asiatic army is to bo made up to P ° 80 ; G 00 men . The Anglo-Turkish Contingent will go sia to Trebizond , and bo placed under the command of me © mar Pacha . A despatch from that city , of Septem- « c < ber Cth , says that the Russians have abandoned the neighbourhood of Erzeroum , and are at Malagu- the Mman . From Constantinople , vid Trieste , we hear cro that the Turkish troops intended for Asia have been on sent to Eupatoria . * ' ^ the THE FALL OF SOUTH SEBASTOPOL . for xuijs xausNCH opkkations . jj ™ The attack of the French on the memorable 8 th of ba September is described nt groat length in tho despatches art of Marshal Pclissier , and of General Niol , of tho Engi- the neera . We append the most interesting passages . The ofT , following paragraphs aro from General Niel's report;— froi " Near the fortiilcutionn of tho town , our trenches had Ca arrived within 40 motroB of tho Contra ! Bastion ( No . 5 stn of , the liuBsians ) , and within DO of tho Flagstaff Bastion boc ( No . 4 ) . Near tho faubourg of Kambelnnin , tho English , of 1 arwauied by the difficulties of tho ground , nnd by tho ' Jtoo of the enemy ' s artillery , could not approach closer grc than within 200 metres of tho Groat Kodan ( No . 8 ) , on tali w loh n their approaches wore directed mo ¦ e fort of M « l « lchofl' in tt 50 . mot . ros in longth , and huc lt > 0 metree in width ; its parapets arc 18 foot above the the i J" p ftnd in front of thom ia n aholx which , at the of point ( of our attacks , is six metres doop and seven wide , imi Aiio Urat wae armed with 02 pieces of cannon of various floi ig v- et or b- i- td , f' ! * 8 ^ I * I ' a 1 _ ' ¦ b its the its of of the the for each near the sian tho on VE tho for had they ofT , of groat taken mor tho of Sever
: . . ; calibre . In the front ^> art , surrounded by the parapet is the Malakhoff Tower , of which the Russians kept the ground floor , wliich * xsTdopholed . In the riorOf the Works the Russians have raised a multitude of traverses , beneath which , are « 8 rcellent blinds , the garrison found shelter and bed-places arranged two tiers on each side . A Russian engineer officer has been made prisoner , estimates at 250 © men the rison of the fort of Malakaoff , ctf which I have thoug it my duty to give you a description , in order that may judge of the difficulties which our soldiers have to surmount . " The front of the Malakhoff , which is 1000 yards length , terminates on our left by the Malakhoff Fort and on our Tight by the Hedan of 'tine Careening Port This latter work , which -at the commencement of siege was only a simple Redan , has been by degrees transformed into a strongly armed -redonbt . The outer fronts of the two redoubts of Malakhoff and tiie Careen ing Port were united by a curtain armed with 16 guns and in the rear of that enclosure the Russians had raised a second , which was nnited to the two redoubts . ' second enclosure , already partly armed , had not ditch which could prevent any serious obstacle . As the ditch of the first curtain and of the Redan of Careening Port , the Tocky nature of the ground prevented the Russians from digging it everywhere an equal depth , and on several points it could be crossed without any serious difficulty . In order to cross those ditches , which were very deep , we had invented a 'kind of bridge , which could be thrown across in less than minute by an ingenious manoeuvre , in wliich our men had been exercised , and these bridges were very useful to us . . . . . " The front of the Malakhoff was to attacked by three columns—that of the left , commanded y General M'Mahon , marching directly on the fort b the front opposite to us , was to take possession of it , and hold it at any cost ; that of the right , under General Du lac , was to march on the Redan of the Careening Port , occupy it , and to detach a brigade on its left , in order turn the second enclosure ; and that of the centre , under General La Motterouge , leaving the 6 th parallel , having more ground to go over , was to earry the curtain , after wards advance on the second enclosure , and send one brigades to the assistance of the first column , if should not have yet obtained possession of the Malakhoff Fort . " After stating that the troops of the Imperial Guard were given as a reserve to th . e Second Corps , and de scribing other arrangements fot- -throwing bridges over ditches , discovering mines , and , on taking the fort , opening passages in the rear for the arrival of other troops and artillery , General Niel proceeds : — " In the attack on the town , in order , to avoid the ob- stacles accumulated by the enemy at the salient of the Flagstaff Battery , it had been decided that the principal assault should be made on the Central Bastion , between salient and the lunette on the left ; that the column assault , -as soon as it had established itself in the Central Bastion , should detach a part of its force to- wards the gorge of the Flagstaff Bastion , the right front which would be then assailed by a Sardinian Brigade , which had come to take part in the operations of the 1 st Corps . Gen . Dalesme , commanding the engineers of 1 st Corps , had made arrangements for the attacks on town , similar to those which I have just indicated the attacks on the faubourg of the Karabelnaia . " At 8 o ' clock on the morning of the 8 th , two mines , containing 100 kilogrammes of powder , were sprung the Central Bastion . The explosion took place in middle of the bastion , and appeared to cause considerable disorder . At tho earne hour we fired , in ad- vance of our approaches on tho Malakhoff Fort , three chambers , charged together with 1500 kilogrammes of powder , in order to break the lower galleries of the Rus- miners , and to tranquilliBC our soldiers , who were massed in the trenches , under ivhich , according to tho accounts of deserters , all the ground was mined . " At noon precisely , our soldiers rushed forward on Malakhoff from our advance ! place d ' armes . They crossed tho ditches with surprising agility , and climbing tho parapets , attacked the en « my < to the cry of ' Vive mpereur V At the Fort of Malakhoff , the slopes on inaido being very high , tho first who arrived stopped a moment , in order to form , and thon mounted on tho parapet , and leaped into tho wotfk . The contest which commenced by muskot-shots was continued with tho bayonot , with tho butt ends , and . stones ; tho Russian artillerymen nmdo uso of thoir rammers oe weapons , but wore everywhere killed , tiUkan prisoners , or elrivcn and in a quarter of an hour tho French flag was floating on tho conquered redoubt . Tho Redan of tho Careening Port had also boon carried . after a very severe struggle , nnd tho contra column Lad arrived as far as tho Bocond enclosure . Wo hael everywhere taken possession tho works attacked . " " At tho front of tho Malakhoflf , Jtho . Russians made efforts to reconquer tho ivories which hael been from thorn . Returning on tho Redan with mi- oiis columns , supported by field artillery , they succeeded in retaking it , and in Forcing uh to ubanelon uocond lino of fortifications ; but tho first columns attack , supported by the Imperial Guard , remained immovable behind tho exterior wlopo of tho flrat lino . al attacks woro aleo attempted against tho Malak-
, only intewhere in who garht you had in , ; . the 1 < - < , i 1 This 1 any < to the 1 had * of i i « t f ' t v be « g y o n - « to v to tt hi at - a ] of ro it of 8 < sa - res 8 . t Di in as sta Ba nc the wfc col th < ass sat col prc caj the chi wh vei Th Bu gui of poc sist wh fail anc Sec tho 10 C con tho whi sufl but joir tha mei som loax tho bri { wit tho had foil tun ' Jtho i wisi I roa < coin jet , hoff . The dead bodies of the enemy became heaped uj ttly in front of the gorge : but the first division remains ite- perfectly firm , and at the close of the day we were mas ide ters xrf the citadel . " ' ere Respecting the desperate efforts of the Russians te in retake the Malakhoff ; Marshal Pelissier writes : — rho Formed in deep columns , they thrice assaulted the ar- gorge of the work , and then were forced to retire with ; ht immense loss before the solidity of our troops . " rou Of the struggle at the Little Redan , we read in the Lad same despatch : —" Three times did the Dulac and De la Motterouge divisions take possession of the -Redan and in the curtain , and three times were they obliged to retire > rt , before a horrible fire of artillery and the deep masses rt . that they found opposing them , when the two field She batteries in reserve at the Lancaster Battery came down , ses crossed the trenches , and , boldly taking up a position ter within haif-gunshot , succeeded in driving back the sn- enemy ' s columns and the steamship . A portion of these as , two divisions , supported in their heroic struggle by the ied troops of the guard , which was covered with glory on iris this occasion , established itself all along the left of the ay curtain , whence it would not be driven by the enemy . " to General Pelissier thus sums up his losses : — " Our he losses on this day are—^ generals killed , 4 wounded , ad and 6 with contusions ; 24 superior officers killed , 20 of wounded , 2 missing ; 116 subaltern officers killed , 224 ed wounded , 8 missing ; and 1489 non-commissioned offiise cers and men killed , 4259 wounded , and 1400 missing ; id total , 7551 . " m At * the conclusion of his report , General Niel gives the » n following interesting particulars of the Titanic efforts of ul the siege : — - "'Thus has ended this memorable siege , in wliich the means of defence and those of attack assumed ae tjolossal proportions . The Russians had more than 800 > d guns mounted , and a garrison the force and composition iy of which they could vary at pleasure . After the imid mense quantity of projectiles they expended upon us it i- is surprising to . see that they were still abundantly proto visioned , and I have reason to believe that they have left a more than 1500 guns in the place . The besieging army > r had about 700 guns in battery during the various g attacks , and upwards of 1 , 600 , 000 shots were fired . Our - approaches , which wejre in many cases cut through , the > f rock by meanB of gunpowder , had an extent of upwards t of eighty kilometres ( fifty miles English ) . We employed f 80 , 000 gabions , 60 , 000 fascines , and nearly 1 , 000 , 000 sand-bags . " I THE ENGLISH ATTACK ON THE GREAT EEDAJT . The annexed is the account given by the Times Correspondent : —" The cavalry sentries were posted at 1 8 : 80 . At 10 . 30 , the Second Division and the Light Division moved down to the trenches , and were placed in the advanced parallels as quietly and unostentatiously as possible . About the same hour , General Simpson and staff moved down to the second parallel of the Greenhill Battery . Sir Harry Jones , too ill to move hand or foot , nevertheless insisted on being carried down to witness i the assault , and was borne to the parallel on a litter , in which he remained till all was over . It was a bitterly ; cold day , and a stranger would have been astonished at the aspect of the British Generals as they viewed the assault . The Commaneler-in-Chief , General Simpson , " sat in the trench , with Ms nose and eyes just facing the , cold and dust , and his cloak drawn up over his bead to protect him-against both . General Joneswore a red nightcap , and reclined em his litter ; and Sir Richard Airey , the Quartermaster-General , had a white pocket-handkerchief tied over his esap anil ears , which detracted somewhat from a martial and belligerent . aspect . ... " The divisional orders for the Second , Division were very much the same as those for the Light Division . The covering party consisted of 100 men of tho 3 rd Buffs , under Captain John Lewes , who highly distinguished himself , and 100 men of the Second Battalion of the Rifle Brigade , 1 believe under the command of poor Captain Hammond . The soaling-ladder party consisted of 160 of the 3 rd IBuffa , under Captain Maude , whose . gallantry was very conepicnous throughout tho affair , in addition to the 160 of the . 97 th , . under the gallant and lamented TVelsford . Tho part of the force of the Second Division consisted-of 2 G 0 of the 3 rd Buffs , 300 of tho 41 st ( WelBh ) , 200 of tho 62 nd , and a working party of 100 men of tho 41 st . Tho rest of Windham'e Brigade , consisting of tho 47 th and 40 th , were in reserve , together with Warren ' s Brigade of the same division , of which tho 80 th and 56 th woro called into action , and suffered severely . Brigadier Shirley was on board ship , but aB soon an ho hoard of tho assault ho resolvod to join his brigade , and he accordingly c « me up to camp that very morning . Colonel Unett , of tho 19 th Regiment , was tho senior officer in Brigadier Shirley ' w absence , and on him would have devolved the duty of loading tho storming column of the Light Division , iuul tho latter not returned . Colonel Unott , Iffaonutt <> t we brigadier ' s intention to leave shipboard , had to dfloijw with Colonel Windham who ahould ^* SZZ £ U ui tho attack . They tam ^ u ^ C ^^^ j ^^ ^ co ^^ s ^ Bhdf ^ ^^^ : ^ MBiTt ^ wi 90 , andl . ewa 8 Htruck >» b « d ^ w ^ ^ I 3 SS XSfflS ^ I ^ * " ° fiith parallel
Untitled Article
SasygEMBER ^ , 1855 . J TH 1 1 EADEB . m > j
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 29, 1855, page 927, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2108/page/3/
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