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Leader (1850-1860), 8th September 1855, Edition 1 of 2, Page unpag., Untitled Article

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      A POLITICAL AND LITERARY REVIEW .

      Untitled Article

      VOL . VI . No . 285 . ] SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 8 , 1855 . ? n ™ E {^ p : vSxraSct "

      Untitled Article

      topol have been using enormous exertions to gel up a second line of works , not for the purpose of defending the south side of the town , but for the purpose only of holding it as lung as possible , , while they l'elreat over to the other side . It is true that the north commands the south part , but i should the Allies obtain possession of the south , they will be able , without entirely exposing their entire force in its occupation , to release no small part of the forces in their rear fur operations on the flank . It is there that the Russians seem to be prepared for a last desperate , effort , of course in no hope of being successful after they have failed at Balaklnvji , Inkermun , and on the Tchernsiya . In the last fight they were strengthened by reinforcements in the north ; those reinforcements will ' have had to share the half-starving fare of the troops that have been so long in the neighbour' hood ; and the accumulated numbers with which GoRTSCiiAKOFJt- threatens the flank of the Allies are a burden to his commissariat , his men daily weakening each other . Here is all the difference between the position of the Russians and the Allies , in the continually increasing difliculty of the Russians to keep up the bone of their forces by material supplies , while the Allies have unmeasured resources at home , with a perfectly open and easy transit ; and they aro using both . The passing of a second season in the Baltic without results is indeed a disgrace that there is no denying , and no excusing ; but in the North perhaps we may console ourselves by the manifest loss of ground on the part of Russia in finnnee . Dividing non- Russian Europe into three sections , the Eastern , the South-Western , and the Northern , the grand fact in this last is the financial posture of affairs . The want of money is here the screw under which the strongest powers are yielding . Even Prussia , with all her enjoyment of transit trade , has beon raising loans . And the German Governments all but avow that they cannot keep up their contingent to the federal force for want of means—a fact which implies that they cannot convert their peoples into soldiers , because their kings cannot pay for the process of conversion . Tho position of Austria becomes daily more critical , and it is not rend'orod loss so by tho ' desperate step into which her financial difllcultics appear to bo driving tho ltlinporor . It is , however , quite intelligible that Austria should bo I growing insane . That she desires to keep well

      fi ORTSCIIAKOFF , who at last publicly an-\ JT nounces through the St . Petersburq Gazette ^ " our fortifications suffer , " is contemplating a new attack upon the Tchernaya—the last desperate attempt to frustrate the far more formidable attack which the Allies are preparing against Sebastopol . A change of Ministry is impending in Vienna—Bruck's financial plan rejected , Bach at a discount . A Ministerial crisis is in progress at Constantinople . Spain having put down the Carlists , has instituted a reform of her tariff , reducing or suppressing the duties on cotton , paper , and wool . The Ukraine continues to be disturbed by a servile insurrection , the Pope stimulating the peasants against the nobles . King Oscar , of Sweden , is inspecting his fortifications , while the Crown Prince assumes the post of Viceroy of Norway ; and the Kino of Denmark comes over to visit and inspect . The Czar , it is reported , has given Nksseluode leave to travel "—whether for exile , or for a mission , or for what , does not appear . Naples Bhakes with , a growing revolt , encouraged , it is said , by Neapolitans in Paris and Muratists in Naples itself . King Ferdinand has a grand financial operation on hand , with other crowned coadjutors , to aid Russia in raising the wind . Sir James Graham proclaims , from Silloth , that he is always " the maintainer of peace . " Our Government keeps up a constant stream of iron supply for the Crimea ; the Baltic fleet is about to close tho theatrical season in the North ; Sir Ciiarlks Napier has exploded in the papera against his old friend , the iMaintainor of Peace ; " the Bank has raised the rate of discount to four per cent ., vice three and a half ; corn speculators are in a frenzy of gambling ; Queen Victoria is off to tho Highlands ; and the Cabinet Ministers meet weekly at the War Office . Europe certainly is in ferment enough j but dizzy as tho eddy makes the eyes that look abroad upon tho whole moving field , the present state of the current is decidedly favourable to the cause which wo have at heart—the peoples seem likely to have their day , as tho Kings are falling out . Russia is losing ground on the field both of arma and finance There is no mistake about that . Tho confession of Prince GoRTscaAKorr means a groat doul more than tho words imply . It moans , in fact , that tho fortifications are becoming intolerable ; and the Russians in

      Subaswith the Western Powers , we not only believe , but know ; for it is of the greatest importance to her that she should not proclaim a final breach with France and England , while France could at once establish a new dynasty in Naples by edict of the Emperor Napoleon , and England is forming an army in the territory of her ally the King of Sardinia . The difficulty with Austria consists in keeping well with both sides , without exposing herself to a twofold attack . Thus , if she is not thorough-going with the Western Powers , she cannot raise her finance . The cash has absolutely been refused to her in Lombardy ; but she is precluded from extorting it by compulsion , because to do so would blast any expectations that she has of retaining a friendly relation with the West , and obtaining money by the ordinary operations for that purpose with the good credit in Europe . Yet the state of Italy is such that she must keep up a large army , she must pay for it ; and the fact is that she cannot get money on the Bach-Bruck plan . In fact , Brock cannot work his finance on the political basis of the old Russian party at Vienna , which he has recently been expected to do . He naturally fails , and commercially the Austrian Empire is in as much danger as is his " Lloyd ' s Company" of Trieste . Tho last report , therefore , is , that Bbuck has resigned : his plan is rejected . This would almost inevitably place his party at a discount , and unless Bach should blast ^ his repute by sinking into the old official party which now takes possession of power , he also must resign and leave the Emperor to the direct heir * of Mistxjcbkicii , to the policy of the days of the late sickly Emperor , and to Russia . It is tbu . < through a financial crisis that Austria is put in a position which threatens to alter the entire strategy of Europe , and the events of the week appear tu render that crisis imminent . It is evident also that tho Kinu or Nafj ^ ka if about to speculate in some grand Russo-Austriaii and Guarantee Association of German and other Princes . Reports of this event arc freely eurrenl , and they are very probable . The bonstod resources of Russia have soon come ( o an end . Her barbarism prevents her bringing her uniloiiWoim great material resources into active sorvJC % ~^ r ^~ "T > ^ a scum of coal has lately been discovered tri ® - ^ X Ural Mountains , but the resource i * « t prj ^ nt ^ y ¦ , MS ) £ available because the means of ir « .. H . l ** & M £ lor corn an for coal . Slio parades it gr . j ^ ^ 1 ^ iM TJ . of " rouble * , " possible / or this or for tlu $ iv ^^ -Ul ^ ^

      Untitled Article

      "The one Idea which . History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down allthe barriers erected between , men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treatttie whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development ; of our spiritual nature . "—Hwnboldt ' s Cosmos .

      Untitled Article

      NEWS OF THE WEEK— pace , Tho War 854 Sir Charles Napier and Sir James I Graham 856 j The Italian Nightmares 857 The Present and the Future of Italy 857 When to Raise the Italian Tricolor 858 Continental Notes 859 An Irish Romance of Real Life ... 859 Our Civilisation 859 Naval and . Military News 860 Obituary 861

      Mr . Carlyle ' s Testimony to Mr . OPEN COUNCILluwiifcn ^ i . ' e SRI Archdeacon Denison 867 TwSJriTt 862 Tho Rev . Dr . Wolff ' s Letter 867 Postscript 862 Italy for the Italians 867 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— Peace of Utrecht 808 The " New Sort of Despotism" ... 862 Tho War 868 The Hope of Italy 863 liter ature-The Napier Disclosures 864 . LirtRATURt Justice in the Counties 865 Summary 869 The Kiurlish Manufacturers and The Newcomes 870 the Paris Exhibition 863 Arago on Thunder and Light-Why Examine Public Servants ? 8 G 6 ning 871

      Young Dumas on Love and Sentiment - . 872 THE ARTSThe Wizard at the Lyceum 873 Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 874 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSI City Intelligence , Markets , Ad-I vcrtisemcnts . &c 874-876

      (Contents.

      ^ Contents .

      Mtuix Of Tfje Wttk.

      Mtuix of tfje Wttk .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 8, 1855, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2105/page/1/