On this page

• Text (2)

  Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

  • 

    Untitled Article

  • 

    Untitled Article

• Transcript

  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

    Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

    Untitled Article

    would be considered a grave fact in the European system : the Hungarian M . P would be watched as illustrating the fehcitons cohesion of Austrian affairs . 2 SEr . Gk ^ vAir Duffy :, member for Ne \^ Boss , Ireland , in the English House of Com-* B * ons , haa thrown up the cause of Irisl nationality and is going to Australia , and th < © vent marks an important stage in the hisfcorj * of the Union which Pitt , to provide against "dangers from republican and Roman Catholic BFrance , accomplished in 1800 . It is remarkable that Ireland and Scotland have taker about the same time to reconcile themselves to the loss of their nationality . The Scotch united to England in 1707 , struggled wellnigh up to 1750 against the provincialisatior to which Iiord Somees had reduced them , the ' 45 was , after all , an attempt to " repeal the Union . " Our English press has beer making merry at Mr . Dxtppt's wailing fare-* well to his country , somewhat forgetting thai so short a time ago as 1846-50 the Irish repealers and republicans were in such strengtl that the English ' 'Government garrisonec Ireland with 70 , 000 soldiers , had martial la ^ n in two provinces , gagged the popular press ir Dublin , and was trying an agitator or two foi his life every term . It is too soon forgotter that Mr . Smith O'Brcbit , one of the nobles of Ireland , the darling of a race with feudal instincts , was one year ago among our crimina convicts in Van Diemen's Land , and that he is still an exile in a small house in Brussels witl other political refugees of all countries . The British journalist loses sight of the circumstance that all continental politicians have been educated in the faith , quite sound up till 1850 , that Ireland was to England as ^ . Iiombardy is to Austria , or Poland to Russia From the time tbat Heitbx II . got rid of the most dangerous of his Barons by sending' them off to plunder Ireland , the country was , till the other day , in a chronic state of insurrection—a rebellion was the periodical incident once every ten years . It is not forty years since French statesmen calculated as a matter of certainty upon striking England to the heart through Ireland . In 1798 a storm and a fool saved Protestant England from the neighbourhood of a Roman Catholic ally of Trance . In 1829 Ireland was again on the eve of successful rebellion—or so Wellington thought when he described to the House of Lords , whom he had to convert , the horrors of civil war , as the necessity for acceding to Catholic Emancipation . O'Connell , from that day up to within a year or two of his death , wielded independent sovereignty in Ireland , doing little more than feudal homage to " the Castle , " and at any moment he had but to whisper the word , and Ireland , headed by her priests , would have been in arms . His [ associates , who ranged themselves into the party called " Young Ireland / ' failed because he , still powerful against them , aided the English Government in withholding the priests from them , in precipitating the military and the law upon them . They were nearly all transported in 1849 , just after he died , and out of the country went with them the fiercest spirits that make a conquered nation restive . Oipie man of the " treasonable" confederation escaped " law and order" and Lord Clarendon . Released from prison , he recofiimenced the vv ^ 6 rk in Ireland . ' But aban d ^ ttmg tjjp ojld ' c ^ ea of revolution a # d of " repeal , " tho utmost * independence" he now agitated for was . in tho shape of an independent Irish party in Parliament , whose otnetf ; it Bhpruld be to wring from competing W ^^\ 'S ^ Qi ^ n 9 ;[ . fk ( ^^^ . ' : ' . ot r Tenant Bight * 'jfiotn the . « o / pprettaed -peasants of trelansdv * > H&tio doubt hoped for more : but he 111 "" ¦(' " - •¦• » -- - ¦•• . » ' ¦ - .-. *¦ v ¦»• ¦«•« •¦ w' -. iw ¦ . «« 1 UnvJrtii *" ¦

    . > was resolved to be " practical" and reserved . . After four years' struggle he finds even this . too much to aspire to ; that English factions have bought up his confederates ; that no r " Tenant Right" is possible ; that the bishops . are calmed , by British diplomacy operating Lc on them through Rome via Louis ZSTafo-> leon , into genteel disdain for Irish nationr ality ; and he leaves the country in disgusti the Ireland of to-day is no place for an Irish 5 nationalist . The Scottish Lion ' s self-asser-- tion is not more ridiculous or more hopeless i than the ambition of an Irish gentleman i refusing to recognise that Dublin is as much a provincial city as York is , and that Ire' . land has about as much nationality as Jersey l can pretend to . : we , something more than Liberals , have I never quarrelled with the men , whether in i Canada or in Munster , who have de-- manded freedom from England : we know ; that Englishmen have not the liberty that men ought to have , and while not sympai thising with rebellion in Ireland , we join I with Irishmen in insisting on the concession t to that country of political and religious i equality . But , for the present , it is not our : business to do more than recite the circumi stances which have baffled Mr . Duffy . In i the first place , the famine of ' 46 , which subl dued Peel into Free-trade , and the " exol dus" which has been in permanence since i 1848 , have nearly halved the population , the i classes remaining being the non-revolutionary » classes . The country that was left was not strong enough , whatever the grievance , to j support independent movements . But the > grievance daily diminished . The working of i the Encumbered Estates Court reformed the . landowners as the emigration eased the land tillers;—the railways ; including the tubular bridge across the Menai , connected Ireland by the intimacies of trade and intervisiting to England ;—the island became a province , prosperous and apathetic if not contented . , The Ecclesiastical Titles Bill of Lord John Russell interrupted the process of international fusion ; the religious element was presented in the virulent shape , and then there arose a national independent Irish party in the House of Commons—tho party , L the Irish Brigade , which was strong enough . in ' 52 to turn the balance against Lord ; Djbrby . But Lord Abeddeen resumed the policy of Sir Robert Peel ; ho declined to apply the act , which became a dead letter , and is all but forgotten . Tempted by Lord Aberdeen ' s sagacious offers of place and career , the mem hers of the Brigade joined the Coalition , ceased to bo mere Irish members , and are " getting on . " Mr . Durpy , left behind , heading now but threo or four faithful followers , denounces , ere lie departs , the corruption of M . P . ' s , and the subserviency of Catholic bishops and priests to Protestant masters . In truth he ia conquered by circumstanced . Rebel in heart and intellect to the English supremacy , a man of his stomp cannot subside into the routine of decent citizenship . But all this may bo tho beat for his country . It would bo more picturesque were Scotland an independent nation , but wo trust the Irish province will at lenst bo na prosperous as Scotland has become , and that iu the imperial interests all theac national distinctions will bo forgotten . Mr . Duffy has lived nnd leaves with dignity—the last of his class and creed . Too much confounded with too Cejtic confederates , he hay , among the many Eugliah Liberals to whom ho has become known , been better understood as a man of calm , courageous , self-reliant character , noyd f exaggerating , always practical . In , thp l < t > ng list of brilliant Irish men who have battled with England , his name must ever ocoupy an t ' « W 4 UriilJM » 44 lJftlMtfM ' . 'rtWMfcAlHm ^ . Vft ^ 'v **^ . !^*^ ' *'' - ' ¦''• " •*•'• ' " "' ¦ ¦ '

    , I eminent place . At thirty he had so imi pressed himself on his contemporaries , that he had founded tv creed in politics and a school in literature , trained a poet in Datib and an orator in Meagiier , and established the journal , the Nation , which is European in fame ,. which conquered O ' Conn ell , and which is identified with the modern history of the country . In the land to which he is going his eager and conscientious nature will iind liberal work to do . We cannot believe that so keen and accomplished a person will think of constructing any pure Irish party : he goes as a colonist , where he will enjoy perfect freedom and find a fine career ; and it ia the Colony , in its magnificent progi'ess and porfect self-government , which he will adorn and serve .

    Untitled Article

    MARSHAL RADETZKI AND LORD JOHN RUSSELL . (/ Vo »» a Correspondent . " ) Between the despots of Southern and Northern Italy there is this remarkable difference : the first , unwilling that polemical discussion should render his subjects aware that his system of go' vernment is censured through the world , annihilates the press ; while the Austrian Marshal affects to challenge the free opinions of foreign papers , especially -when they come from England , although the Parliament , and sometimes even the Ministers themselves , indiscreetl y raise their voice and disturb the Marshal ' s favourite occupation of ' arresting , transporting , flogging , hanging , and confiscating property for imaginary or political offences . The Gazzelta Officiate di Verona , the Gazzelta di Venezia , the Gazzetta Officiate di Milano , the Gazzelta Officiate Austriaca , with three ' or four other papers which , though apparently unauthorised , are in reality the organs of the Austrian Ministers , arc now uttering ^ violent denunciations against the paltry and insignificant observations suggested by Lord John Russell . Austria fears that even those remarks , if secretly communicated to the Lombard demagogues , might raise their hopes , therefore Radetzki , making them a pretext for offering to the Italians ne \ r philoso-1 phical doctrines of his otvh on public international right , has , at length , condescended to honour Lord John with a reply . The Marshal ' s first nnd favourite aphorism is , " that when the sword has decided , there enn be no further question about right , therefore no appeal can be offered in favour of tho Italians , who must henceforth be ruled by violence . " The second is , that " foreign statesmen nnd governments have no right to interfere with the internal administration of other states , " although the Marshal ' s excursions into the Ticino and the Papal States are practically rather at variance with his theory . The third , that " statesmen who have proved tin- }' are not wise enough to rules their own country should not criticise foreign governments , " must , after Lord John ' s exertions in favour of Austrian policy , be regarded as shocking ingratitude . While the fourth , that " parliamentary forms arc a failure , as the experience of England shows , : ind that idle and unbridled speech creates confusion and embarrassment , therefore the be « t form of government is that which makes the many obey and one rule , " is an op inion in which our ally beyond the Channel will perfectly ngrce . The fifth paragraph asserts that Lord John hna cxuggcruted all that relate * to Itnly , whether north or south . We luivc , howovcr , quoted sufficient for our purpose , and shall , therefore , leave the remaining arguments for the Marshal to mnnnge as he best can . ., The epitomo wo have given of Radetzki h straightforward political wisdom , which resolves itself into action , is a positive antithesis to the coquetting liberalism of Lord John and Lord Paiincrston , which evnponites in words . In fact , after miniflterinl and cx-miniMeriiil speeches have been circulated in Itnly , new barracks have boon prepared , new regiments of spies have boon trained , new garrisons 'havo beon < juarlcr < . « d on private oitiaenB mid . on tho municipalities , and ( us thoiigh to abstract public attention from political misery by prlvalte sorrows " nnd mourning ) every measure to provost the fearful ravages of the cholera has been either purposely neglected or Bfcriotly forbiddort . That a man almoet ninety m ¦ J

    Untitled Article

    < wn THE XiEADER . [ No . 284 , Saturday ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 1, 1855, page 840, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2104/page/12/