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Leader (1850-1860), 24th February 1855, Edition 1 of 2, Page 174

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      SSSd ^ Wiy , ' ^**^™ ^ attacks wit&in herown te *» - ttties •<***©• ffla 5 * taftr * b * t orderyiiaeTi at tWs'mWttWrt , I * u Jteprtf tfe say , exisfci iron * one eatoeinfty *> ff *** t < s « rt <^^ lie <>« Ker . Wi * h these observation * it is not mv idtfcntto * fusilier to detain yourierdsbips , ,- escep * to i ^ we ywa that , is moving tfee second' reading ofOttos * tfBL I ao . « y solely with the intention of eHgtaffc&tg upon he * Majesty ' s serviee a body of men w **> sbafl beeapaWe * f > discharging more-folly and mwe immediately flste ¦ dadiesj and of-sapporting- th * hardships of war ; I have « y objectum , as I said before , to- limit % for w period of tOneeyeara , feeling riot tfce- slightest' doubt tfcafr when « iat : peri » d * as elitpsed , showld it unfortunately be araeessary to eoattnue the operation ; of tie act , yosr le ¥ dsMp » wiB grant that extended power as willingly * fl yo « Wifl giant the power for -which we now ask . "

      TW Earl of EttBNBOBOUO * . —" Perhaps I maybe ftBbwedte explain that I did not speat of withdrawing ansingle European regiment from India , or of employing *! fcm «* -the Crimea . " . Lor * SEajcmbsbttbt complained that the mihtaa regiattttts-tfad been completely disorganiaed by the sergeants * f"tfce 4 ii » who had been sent to enlist militiamenfor « Keir regwOteHts . In-consequence of this system , a » well As ; of the violation of ; the original understanding on w&ks&tfae force had been raised ; an impression now pre-** Se # that the mHkiaas s body had not been faisry ¦

      swmteft : ¦ ; •• - iMtdGteer qoite agreed witb : Lord Malntesbiiry m thinking' i * at the departni-erroTn the original understsnding had had a very prejudicial effect on the militia . Instead of enticing away men from the militia into the line , the proper way was to increase the army in » legitimate manner , by holding owt sufficient inducement tfr men to enter at once into the regular service . In reference to what he could not help calling the wild fcndextravagant suggestions of Lord Ellenborough with regard to a campaign in Asia , he was glad to find Lord Pairinnre gave them no countenance . With regard to Poland , too , and her nationality , he trusted that the present war would not be diverted from its original oifefectinto a scheme for the restoration of that kingdom . iNo man felt more for the fate of Poland ; but the Poles , by thwir incurable dissensions and divisions , had ruined their country . ¦

      After some farther discussion , in wMth Lord Cox . - * < 7 ttE 3 TER and Earl FiTZWiLt-iAM took part , Lord Pat . * ' - ireKBij incidental to some remarks , explained the system of-pttrchasing- discharge , and re-entfering the army . "Wlten be- ( Lord Panmure ) first went to the Wan-office , the existing regulation was , ' that if a man purchased his ¦ discharge * he was allowed six months for further con- ^ Tsiderhig the step he was-about to take , and , if he rejoined the service before that period expired , a portion of the money was repaid to him , and his former year of servitude tften counted towards his pension . When be was Secretary at War he extended the period given for consideration to one year , and he understood from the < 3 omn * ander . in-Chief that it had been still further

      prolonged , and -was now two years . So that , at present ; if ^ man pmrbftsed ^ his- discharge -an d-repented ^ of the step ¦ daring the Tiext'two consecutive years , he might return to-the-army , and his previous service would be reckoned a * am integral part of the whole term , at the expiration *> f winch lie was entitled to a pension . This system , he- thought , already presented a sufficient- opening to toten-wk © had retired from the service and afterwards wished to return to it ; and ' even if they were now , to propose- that . aiT the men who bad' purchased their discharge should , without restriction , be allowed to rejoin Wite army , and reckon theiTformer service towards a pensMmy an experience of six years at the War-office convinced Mm that the force likely to be so obtained would foeof ' vetytrhtnrg worth indeed . Durrng the whole of that periotfof isix years he did not believe that there were more

      than sixty or seventy men-hv each year who purchased tfteir discharge ; and when they remembered that the cost of a discharge was 20 / . for the infantry , and 807 . for the cavalry , it was easy to understand that the Mends 'of private solfliers , looking at the class to which they generally belonged , would experience considerable JHfflcnltyitt raisingettherof those s \ trhs . Again , men who had purchased their discharge after fourteen . years ' service , would , ho apprehended , be somewhat too old to entfcrt agahr : A man who joined the army at eighteen wtmld' be thirty-two years of age when ho had served fcMtrteen years 5 and if he purchased his discharge this year tte might bo a very good soldier , but if he offered himself' after he had attained His thirty-llftli or thirtysrxthv yearf ho would be ' rather too old to bo invited to re-enter the service .

      Tftte tnlT was then read a second time . The standing ; orders were then suspended , and tho bill went tnrough the remaining stages and was passed , oer-Saih words beioginsertod on the third reading , on the notion of'tord Fanhukk , limiting , the operations of the Mfl to three years . ., Qa , Xi » e 9 day' « n 4 Wednesday the finst second readings Wtta moved ii * tthfi ; Hou 80 of , Commons by Mr . F . Pnwb , Nf 4 ., ^ SbMi ome . in 4 ) 8 t unnece ss ary ) skirmishing between OAwjajP ^ weUr ^ od Lonl Seyeaoar , respecting the de * > lrahAity . « & keiiviMM in tka JUouatlioldcuvalcy , the&ill iw I ^ B e ^ tk ro pri x jJhoth , etaoaa ,,

      RESIfiWAWON OUT SMt JAME 8 GRAttVM , B « t . GfcABSTONE * AS » MR . ' vtWrnWEXSKKSi The rumours of dissension in the iCabinet which were flo - atfng about in the early part of the week , were confirmed on Thursday . Afrer a few unimportant questions had been put , . . . - - . ' . " . ¦ ^_ . Lord PAEHEESrow said—Sit , I Have to state to the House tllat whfch I beEeve is generafly perfectly well fctrown already , that three members of her Majesty s Government have intimated their intention to resign the offices which they have hitherto held ; I refer to the Chdncellor of the Exchequer , the First Lord of the Admiralty , and the Secretary of State fot the Colonies . These officers now hold their ' offices only until their successors shall have been appointed . Under these _ circumstances , and considering also that these three officers are members of the Government in this House , I trust that hon . members will not think I am pressing unduly upon

      their indulgence if I propose to them not to enter upon the public business to-day , except in the case of those orders of the day to which no objection whatever can be made . IT anything is in the least objected to , of course we shall not press it . To-morrow my right hon . friends will attend in their places , and state to the House the grounds upon which they have come to the decision which I have now reported . I therefore propose that tb ^ e H ° ouse should adjourn without going into other business , after the orders of the day are disposed of . Mr . DisRAKM : I merely wish to state that I have heard with deep regret —(" . Henr ,. Hear" and laughter )—that before ten . days have elapsed the Government which We had hoped would have been a strong one is partially of the

      dissolved , and that-notwithstanding the presence noble lord , who was generally considered to be anobstacle to the formation of a strong Government , is a iirillculty which no longer exists . Of course , after the statement of the noble lord opposite ( Lord Palmerston ) , and in the absence of the right hon . gentlemen whose conduct and that of the noble lord will be canvassed on the proper occasion , it will be improper to say more . I only wish the noble lord to understand that I think I am expressing a pretty general feeling , both of this House and of the country , when I say that I have heard the official statement which has been made ' to-night oftfte partial ^ dissolution of the recently-formed" Government with deep regret and with some consternation . Tlie members who had motions" on the papers for that day consented to postpone them , and the House adjourned ; Mr . Koebuck ' s motion berag postponed until the followine dav / vesterday ") . ~ — ¦ - ^

      DAY OF HtTMILIAHOS AND Pf tATEB ^ On tb « . motion of the adjouammeBt of the House of Lords on Thursday , the Earl of Rodjen- said there wo * a general impression that our army : in , the Crimea was wasting away . Unless a special day of humiiiatioa and prayer was appointed , we should certainly draw down upon the country the most disastrous consequences . When he had alluded to the subject before , the EarL of Aberdeen had expressed an objection to it . The- Earl of Aberdeen explained that he had not objected to the appointment of a day for such a purposo , but be had objected to- the-introduetionof- * -Bpecial prayer- in . the liturgy for ordinary use . This ex-plaaation was satisfactory to tha Earl of Koden > and Earl Gbanville stated that it was the intention of tho Government to advise her Majesty to appoint a day for the puxpose of prayer . .

      THA 1 > E WITH IHJaSZAv Mr . Collier , in asking for some returns , called at > - tention to tlie conditions of the trade foraierij- and still carried on betweeH this country and Knasia . Tiie staple commerce of that empire consisted chiefly of row produce , and whoa the war commenced , it waa believed that we could inflict a lieavier injury upon our enemy by stopping his trade , even than by Our efforts in the field . The rosukliad disappointed our hopes in both directions . As far as < & * & commercial attack on Russia . was concerned , we bad . fulled altogether . Ten Millions of British . money had been paid in gold within the last ' twelve months for Russian produce . Against eleven railliona last year i and the rouble ,, that pulse of Russian

      commerce , which had fallen in value on tke first outbreak of : war , had since risen to pa * . The fact was , that no effectual blockade had ever been established * nor could now be said to exist over the ftuesiafe ports in the Dlaok Sea . Documents ,, which he . cited at some length , proved that the exports from Russia had increased rather than , diminished since the beginning of the war For the omission to eatafclieh / a blockade in the Blaok Sea , tiw Admiralty wa » accountable ^ and he challenged an explanation of their neglect . In tho Boltio , a blockade had , indeed been raaintoinod by aeo , but its

      effect was ovaded . by a system , of land carriage , carried on- tUrough Prussia . This , state of thugps he contended , was diafpEaoaful . Wo should either vender onn blockade ^ nffaotml , or -abandon k > altogether . Koconamendiug the foraier alternative , he AmgHed , on the ^ question of inters nali . xial law , thAt tlm trade thrswgk' Prussia was of . a . character wl ^ tiifc belUgpvent notieaa were oatitledi . to : rcqube . or , if neoeaaaTys , to compels neutral / ipowera to abandon .. A practical , stoppage , ofi ki »( trade . w < mld « e ^ riously-onif ^ le tke reeouroeif oeth ^ -CaaBy And wm . worth . tJie . effbxto and » aorttk « 9 wifich . mi ^ H be teqwlred . to ' aot coatpliah . it . Wo might en £ ooce a . tight o * 8 © axch ,-oBi

      we might prohibit the importation of 2 iss ^ aH produce into this coontry . Tfee ebj « etionB to tteb latter policy we * e tarofold—ottey thsot it would be ine ^ c ** al ; the other , tbat Jt ^ wwdd injure ouistflvesi He denied the former , and , admitting the latter ; he insisfied that we nmst be > i * ei » a * ed io > swbmit to the necessary saeri ^ ces of wwry ' « ' .. ¦ . • ' . ' ¦ ' " ' Mx . lAvttmEtd addweed a maltkttdeof feotB and detaiis corrobewatiBg tfee c © ftolusions s « rib * a *« ted by Mr . Coilk « . M * . CA « ww « aWi said , wtoeft , a * the" expiration of a peace of forty yeorsr we fo&ad owrselves involved in a European cosset , it became ^^ cessaryt © consider what ought to be Hhe oomwercial policy of thSs eountrj ' , and to regard the oouose to be pursued with -reference to the

      enemy with whom w « were about to contend , to our aUlesv and to netftral Powers . The declstration of war \ r&B accompanied by a declarattoH of policy on-our-part , not waiving our beUSgereat rigfets , bat suspending a portie » of them . Mr . ColBer had alfeged that the course adopted had been totally ineffective ; bu * he ( Mr . Cardweli ) would shew tbst it had been far from ineffective . Mr , Collier had indicated the peculiarity of the Russian trade , which was sustained in peace by British capital employed in raising the produce of ftuseia . The . natural corollary was that time should be allowed for British subjects to bring that produce 'home . Time had , therefore , been given in the Baltic afcd in the White Sea . Wdth regard to the Black Sea , the blockade , he admitted , had not been enforced in a satisfactory manner ;

      bat the general re&wlt of out operations had been to annihilate the Russian commerce , while our ships were unharmed * Again , there was reason , to believe that the manufactures of Russia had materially suffered , as our blockade of her ports had put upon Russia the very pjressure which Mr . Collier was anxious to inflict upon this country in the supply of raw materials . Mr . Cardwcll referred to statistical details , showing the diminution of the exports of produce from Russia and of the imports of cotton . The depreciation of the rouble had been appealed to , but an argument drawn from the exchanges was , he observed , but another form of the argument to be deduced from the general results of _ Commerce , and , as : the exchanges were , liable to a variety of disturbing canses , it was safer , in his opinion , to rely upon other indications : By our blockade , then , we had produced a considerable effect upon Russia .

      Was it in our power by other means to inffict a greater injury , and would not those other measures inflict a greater injury upon England ? Blockades operating upon neutrals produced a . maximum of / pressure upon Russia and a minimum of pressure upon oaWelves , whereas commercial restrictions at home would have an opposite effect . Mr . Cardwell then examined at considerable length the remedial suggestions offered by Mr . Collier and Mr ; Mitchell , insisting upon the evils attending the enforcement of the right of search , and upon thefrauds inseparable from a system of certificates of origin . It appeared to him , he said , remarkable that at the end of twelve months of war we had inflicted so much pressure upon the enemy with so smaM an mjury to our own commerce ; and this result he-thougbt justified the mode of" aggression" whichhad ^ beetradoptedby the -Government .

      Mr . J . L . Ricardo adopted the views ' , and arguments of Mr . Cardwell Their main point was that , by shutting out the produce of Russia , we could so coerce and intimidate and impoverish th » EmpeTor as to compel him to make peace upon such terms as we should dictate . The whole amount of the exports of Russia to this country was but 7 , 0 ' 00 , 0 'Q'OJ ., and supposing the profit to be 10 , or even 15 per cent ., the loss at the utmost would be only 950 , 00 &L , whereas the Emperor of Rttssia with a stroke of his pen shut out 6 , 000 , 00 W . worth of com . After some remarks on the ineffectual nature of the blockade

      , Sir J . Gkatiam : explained the causes -of the delay of tho blockade in the Black Sea . Prom an honest desire to gtvoinformation , he'had answered questions upon this subject prematurely . The facts were , that orders for the blockade in the Black Sea were issued in May , tho mode being left to the discretion of the English and French Admirals , who came tb the decision that it should be carried into effect ^ m the Bosphorus , and notice wis communicated to tho respective ambassadors . They ,

      however , had great doubts as to the legality of the notice , and upon a full consultation with tho authority at liomo it was rejected . Three months were thus lost . Then tho expedition to tho Crimea took place , in which tho whole naval force of the two Powers was emp loyed , so that it was not until a lato period that the orders could be carried into effect . At present , Ivo believed that every port in tho Black Sou , except tho mouths of tho Danube , was closely blockaded . The motion f 6 r the returns was aftTBCd to .

      Till !) OKI MICA COMMISSIONERS . In reply to Mr . Warner , Low ! PAUttRnsTON said thftt tho commissioners who have been sent out to tho » eat of war possess power to effect any changes in tho arrangcinonts anbJQctcd to thoir inquiries of which they might approve , with tho exception of immediately dismissing any officer of whom tlioy might disapprove . BBC Ail . O 9 J . OUO XiOCAX' . 'i In answer to Mr .. Craven Beakeloyv Lord . PaUbbkston

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      174 " g-flfcR ; LE 1 BBK , ISatijkda ^

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 24, 1855, page 174, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2079/page/6/