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Leader (1850-1860), 27th January 1855, Edition 1 of 2, Page 74

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      war ! " is the cry in every State of the great ?^ ers , save that of Prussia , vhere the deluding echo cries " Peace !" While the public business of Sardinia is suspended in the demonstration , < r f griefY ***?™ although thus publicly ~ « e * 6 i * ttrfed , for « ied « fli of Queen Adei ^ idb , whereas followed 3 « r mother-in-law , Queen The ^ Pa , to the to » b , the war movement . begins to Jftet Italy . AuJ « w , concentrating he * Jforces , ^ withdraws th <»* rom Tuscany . France has withdrawn some of her

      troops from Rome . On the way through Elorenee they received the compliments of the Grand Duke , expressing friendship for the Emperor l ^ AtoXEJN and his army ; significant demonstration in tne younger Austrian house which has been so far ¦ behind the elder branch in generosity and boldness . His French guard being thus weakened , the Pope is strengthening his own military resources . Austria and France are evidently preparing , while confronting formidable enemies , to take the chance of what may occur in Italy . Naples , it is said , has been , or will be , summoned to declare on which side she intends to be , and if on ours , to

      lend us 100 , 000 men . Meanwhile King Ferdinand is torn between fears at the approach of conflict , and hopes based on the recent enunciations of the Immaculate Conception . His youngest child , just born , is named by that dogma , and the house of Naples is strengthened by the birth and baptism of a little girl christened " Immaculate Conception . " Spain , blessed by her new constitution—may the guarantees be carried out!—and threatened with

      a Carlist insurrection—may the threat be immortal , and never become deed!—is said _ by an American paper to be relieved for the time . from the pressure in respect of Cuba . Mr . Makct , it is reported , has prevailed over the balancing inclinations of President PnsacE , over the impetuosity of Mr . Cu 8 HrKo 7 over the foresight of Mr . Buchanan , and has resolved hot to seek the annexation of Cuba in a legitimate way , leaving that necessary stamp to the filibustero interest . Fudge I There has been no change at all .

      London witnessed the execution of capital sentence on Monday morning . Barthelemy was hanged-for the-murder -of-Collard , the man-that stopped him when he was flying after the murder of Moore . The motive of the first murder still remains a mystery . The fact whether Barthe " - lemy believed , or did not believe , religiously , has become a controversial question between the authorities of the prison and his Roman Catholic priest . The motive to his crimes remains a

      mystery—a mystery the writer of the letter signed " Sophie , " which he held in his hand . He died " game , " and if philanthropists may question the moral benefit of capital punishment , there is no doubt that few criminals are able to undergo it with so little discomfort to themselves , so little horror for the bystander , as the stout Frenchman ; whose faith , such as it was—and he seems to have been faithful to it—carried him by a straight path into the nooae ?

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      INDIA , CHINA , AND AUSTBAXIA . Fbom a telegraphic summary of the Overland Mail , wo learn that—The mission of the Burmese Ambassador will , in all probability , lead to a treaty . India trade Is dullmoney is Beared , and freights ' have recaptured four Is in groat distrpss , of imports over The prices , of wool arc the gold fleWs are )

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      PabuameK * reassembled , after the Christmas recess , on Tuesday ; Very few members were present , owing , probably / 4 the comparatively ™ ? ° * £ ^ *™ f rl fixed , & possibly , in c «» quence of « " ^ W ^ evere weaSer . La * d Cardigan , was present itt ,. tfee House of Lord * , and . attracted much attention .

      NdfflCES OF MOTION OK THE WAR . ; . Tfce evenfctf was conspicuous for the variouAJBotices of mrtioB ^ wtetive to O » e war- -In the H « u « , * f Commons siMit notices we *» given , by Mr . DrunWiond Mr . Collier , and Mr . Koebuck ; and . n the House of Lords by Earl Grey , the Earl of Ellenborough , and the Earl of Winchelsea . These notices -were given for Thursday , but when Thursday came , the announcement of the Ministerial crisis put a stop to all business . In the House of Lordsthe resignation of Lord John Russell was _

      dn-, nounced by the Duke of Newcastle ; Earl Fitzwilham attempted to elicit some reasons for the resignation , but was overruled by the Marquis of Lansdowne , who thought explanations should only come from Lord John Kussell himself . . In the House of Commons the same announcement was made by Mr . Hayter , and it was agreed that Mr . Roebuck's , motion should have precedence of those already on the papers for yesterday .

      PUBLIC HEALTH . Introducing his promised bills on Tuesday , Sir Benjamin Hall reminded the House that towards the close of last session a bill was introduced for the purpose of continuing the system of the Board of Health , with certain modifications , and an intimation was given that a select committee -would be moved for at an early period of the present session for considering the manner in which the act of 1848 had been earried out , and for determining what alterations should be made . The House of Commons , however , decided that the system should be put on an entirely new footing ; and it was enacted that the department relating to the public health should be presided over by a member he had that

      responsible to that House . As accepted responsibility , he did not consider it consistent with his dutv merely to move for a select committee , and then leave the < £ iestion wholly to that committee ; but he deemed it more convenient and more proper to bring in a bill making such amendments of the act of 1848 as he conceived to be advisable . Sir Benjamin briefly reviewed the various bills and amendments that have been passed during the last few years . It is ; unnecessary for us to enter upon such details , but the main objections to the standing act of 4848 may be stated . Plurality of votes ; the combination of inspector and contractor for local works in one person ; the power to force local officers upon local boards , without the power to enforce

      the payment of salary , are instances of imperfect working which provoked a resistance amounting to positive obstruction and nullification of the whole law . It is the aim of the present bill to place the several parts of the public administration , central and local , into harmonious , jrelatira The provisions" of the new bill consist of 170 clauses , and may be divided into three parts—the first relating to the constitution of the General Board of Health ; the second , to the manner in which the act is to be adopted and applied ; and the third , to the powers and duties of the local boards . It is proposed that the General Board of Health remain substantially as it is at present . The new act , however , up to a certain point will not be compulsory . The act

      may be adopted' by a general meeting of the inhabitants of districts which may be in favour of it ; but in cases of divided opinion tho poll would bo employed , and the Board would act or not , according to the decision . With respect to places having no defined boundaries , a petition signed by one-tenth of the inhabitants would cause an Inspector to visit the placo , and tho Board would act on his report . With regard to the compulsory application of the act , power would be given to the General Board of Health to put the net into operation in places in which it should appear from the Registrar-General's Report that the mortality exceeded 28 in 1 , 000 . There would also bo power to attach portions of places , in which the mortality was found to be excessive , to adjoining districts in which tho act was already in force . With respect to tho Improvement Bills on Water Supply , gas , and markets , that bad been

      introduced since 1860 , Sir Benjamin Hall said that tho total within those years was no less thun 428 . He had been informed by those who were best qualified to adviso him as to tho probuble cost of prosecuting these bills that if he put down tho sum of 2 , 000 / . for each , exclusive of the exponsos of opposition , he would be quite within the mark . Therefore , a sum of not loss than 856 , 000 / . had boon spent in tho prosecution of private bills from tho year 1850 down to tho present period . His proposition was , that where tho local boards desired to acquire land , either in or out of their locality , for purposes ' of drainage works , wator supply , and tho like , it should bo in their power to acquiro it without tho necessity of coming before a committee of tho Ilouso of Commons . For that ond tho Lands Clausen Consolidation Act would , tinder certaiu restrictions , bo incorporated with tho present bill . It is now proposed to put a atop to building houses buck to bnck . Slaughter-houses could

      notJwcNult without a license . Local boards would be o 6 inpetieil **««! te an annual statement , in order that tatepaye ^ nijghiSj know to what purpose their money - * tf » WpliMi » The Board of Health had sanctioned the raising dt * « um of 1 , 585 , 477 / . on mortgagej for their purposes ^ « ndiO » bill contains a provision to the effect that , tieilioard shall make an annual statement to Parliament % tp" * rhat they have accomplished .. If is further proposed that the bill shall continue for two years , an * 4 bence to the end of the next session of Par-Hamej ^ W ~* rtiH * iiofe 4 t , will have had an ample trial . fjCfce ^ bitiNtii * B > introduQdfl . did not at all interfere-with me met&polh , t * t Sir Bi ^ amin Hall had another to facilitate the removal of " nrileances" which would affect the metropolis . « ost materially . It was found that on outbreakthe tiiiinili niiTiiiiit n' - ' T — —"' ° — " *»*

      necessary occasions—such as the cholera — various departments became very active , but very useless . They were all at sea , and very little was done ; directly the illness abated , even activity ceased , and no better provision was made for the future . Some very disgraceful mismanagement was exposed . Recently , in Lambeth , a parish containing 139 , 000 persons , and property of the rateable value of 500 , 000 / ., proposals were made to medical men to treat diarrhoea patients for Is . 6 d . each , and cholera patients for 2 s . 6 d ., -whilst a penny rate on the annual rental -would have immediately raised a sum of 2 , 083 £ , which would have met the case thoroughly . St . James ' s was deplorably bad , but other parishes had set good examples . The model-lodging house system had been found most productive to health . Sir B . Hall read Borne reports of

      Mr . Simon , which showed how valuable his assistance had been , and how gratifying were the results arrived at . Newcastle presented a very flagrant case . In 1846 the corporation obtained full powers to take every sanitary measure which would be beneficial , but when the period arrived , they took no steps , and the town became celebrated for its peculiar mortality , and those parts belonging to the corporation were decidedly the worst . The cost to the town was 35 , 000 / . The success of experiments in the metropolis gratified the belief that similar results on a larger scale would be the consequence of employing similar expedients on a larger scale at Newcastle arid elsewhere . It is presumed that much opposition will be offered by persons carrying on offensive occupations , but it is proposed to empower local authorities to inspect places between nine in the morning and six in the evening . It is expressly asked , also , that houses unfit for human habitation shall be at once shut

      up . Some facts Were given relative to the condition of Wild-court , Drury-lane , which showed the necessity of immediate interference . "With regard to the non-performance of duties under the act , it is proposed— : as in the case of the surveyor of highways , who is liable to a fine of 5 / . for neglect of duty—that in every case where notice of a nuisance has been given , and no steps taken for its removal , it should be lawful for a justice , on the oath of one witness , to inflict 3 fine on the inspector or person appointed by the local authorities who should appear to the justice to be liable for such neglect . Sir B . Hall wished , also , that the House would insist on an annual account being made by the local authorities to the ratepayers , of the money paid and received , and of the ^ teps token by them under ffiu * 5 etr ~*~~™~ ' *" Mr . Wilkinson made a little friendly defence for the " Creators of Nuisances . " Some minor questions were asked and answered , and leave was given for the bills to be brought in .

      MEDALS FOR BALAKLAVA . Some discussion has taken placo on this subject , which , it will be seen in another column , has been by a general order decided in favour of the " charge . " The Duke of Richmond moved ( motion subsequently withdrawn ) for a return of the Crimean medal order . His object was to secure a clasp for Baloklava . The old plan was to reward only the commanders , but that system was exploded . He was eloquent in praise of the charge of tho Light Brigade , and also wished to know what course would bo pursued with regard to the sailor ? , and the survivors of those who had fallen .

      Tho Duke of NktvcastUe , in reply , advertod to tho difficulty of the proper distribution of medals . He announced that a clasp would be given for Balaklava , and that it was never intended to deprive of similar honours the sailors who had manned tho guns . It was also intended to give medals to tho family representatives of every roan who had fallen . Some delay must occur , but ho hoped it would not be attributed to neglect . Tho principle of giving medals to those soldiers who had not been actually under flro was strongly reprehended by tho Earl of IIardwicke . Tho Earl of Ellenborough reiterated this argument , and once more Curtius was mentioned in comparison with the Light Brigade Tho Duko of Richmond professed himself perfectly satisfied , and , placing himself in tho hands of the Duko of Newcastle on tho matter , withdrew the motion .

      NEGOTIATIONS AT VIENNA . In reply to Mr . La yard , Lord John Russell rocapitulnted all that is known to the public on this subject . In conch » ion ,. he stated two now facts : —On tho 28 th ult . Prince GortsclmkoIF stated , that ho could not adhere to tho Interpretation of tho " Four Points , " but would apply for instructions , which ho subsequently received . At the next meeting ho road a " memorandum , " to which tho other ambassadors would not listen , saying

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      TM * EBJA £ mRLIAMENT

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      THE LEADER . [ Saturday , ' " ' ===== ==:= s ====== ====

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 27, 1855, page 74, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2075/page/2/