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Leader (1850-1860), 30th December 1854, Edition 1 of 1, Page 1234, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      by 3 feet 6 , draining 44 acr « s , and constantly accumulating deposit . A wall having been built across the sewer , so as to direct the whole current into the pipe , this was found to take the whole ordinary sewage flow , together with heavy and continuous rain , ( but not storms ) , and to convey the stream thus concentrated at four-and-a-half times the velocity it had possessed in the wide sewer , so that the pipe , instead of accumulating deposit like the sewer , was kept perfectly scoured out by its own current , though , even after ninety-six hours' heavy rain , it only ran half full . Wherever it was possible to hinder deposit by thus piping old sewers , the saving of 20 / . per mile in annual , cleansing costs

      would , at 4 per cent ., justify an outlay of 500 / . per mile , which would go far to pay the expense of the operation . These were merely indications of one remedy amongst several which would be available , under the -varying circumstances of different sewers , for the prevention , of deposit . He would have other opportunities of setting forth the complete arrangements which we must ultimately adopt for the realisation of the principle— " Sewers without sediment . " In the mean time he venturedj with much deference , to submit these two maxims —• " Sewers without sediment , " and " the Concurrent extension of public and private drainage , " as embodying two fixed and guiding principles of the new policy to "be adopted in this branch of their operations ^

      Mr . Ward then proceeded to examine the scheme of Main Intercepting drainage , which in its present forni , he said , would prove " a costly failure . " But w < 3 must defer for separate notice his observations on this iniportant subject , as well as his observations on the Agricultural Utilisation of the sewerage , and on the various plans of precipitation , pipe irrigation , &c , now in course of trial for that purpose .

      Untitled Article

      LOTTERY SWINDLING IN SALFOKD . T « as police of Salford have discovered an extensive system of gambling , carried on in that borough by means of lotteries . Money or loan clubs have long been very common in Manchester and Salford , and in order to blind the police andother authorities as to their practices , associations of persons in Salford carrying on these lotteries have designated them , in placards and otherwise , " money clubs . " At one public-house , it was stated that weekly lotteries were drawn , in which as many as 10 , 000 shilling tickets were sometimes sold amongst the working classes , whilst the prizes yielded varied from 10 s . to 40 ?

      Working people went with their wages to this house in such numbers that they blocked up the passages and street leading to it . Attempts to suppress it were made by remonstrances , but the conductors found the system too profitable willingly to relinquish it , and the police ultimately found that more secret means only were resorted to , by hiring rooms for the lotteries , sometimes in one and sometimes in another part of the borough . Under these circumstances they last week made a seizure of the conductors of one of these clubs , together with the lottery wheels , racks , tickets , prize notes , and whole machinery while in operation .

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      THE COURT . The Royal Christmas has been passed at Windsor . The Duke of Newcastle was at the dinner on Monday , with Viscount Canning , who attended Prince Albert on a Bhooting excursion . Admiral Sir Charles Napier has been one of the later guests , and , of course , the Baron and Baroness von Usedom . The Royal Christmas Presents to the poor will bo distributed on Monday .

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      THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION . Tun Tablet thus records its satisfaction with the state and prospects of Roman Catholicism : — " The * Immaculate Conception , is now a solemn article of Catholic faith . On Friday , the 8 th instant , Pius IX ., with two hundred bishops before him , promulgated that definition , eo long sighed for by tho universal Church- " For Pius IX . it was a crowning day ; in spite of tho political etorma that whirled so Wack and so threatening about tho towering head of tho Catholic world , never did a Fopo see brighter or lmppier days . When her Hierarchy was rendered back to England and to Holland after three centuries of schisms ivnd of heresy , and

      when , farther off , between tho Paoifio and the Atlantic , the fair structure of a regular Catholic EpiBcopato was Irailt up in the United States of America—when , Austria abandoned her Josophan statues , ami bade the Church l > e free—when Gaul pat off her Gallicanf sm , nnd sued the Sovereign Pontiff to complete tbo work of rceon-Btructlng human eociety from tho ruins which Rationalism had made of it : —those , in sooth , were nil bright days 5 any one of them would have shed enough of eptondouron a Pontificate . Biit the 8 th of December , in the ye « r of gr « oo 1864 , was tho perfect illustration , and tho crown of all these Immortal triumphs . Was ever tho freedom of the Church imoro complete in every part of tho world ? In tho words of a writer In the Examiner

      of last week , Fiance , Germany , Belgium , Italy , and , we will add , England , Ireland , America , India , and Australia , ' pour into Rome their Episcopates at the Pope ' s bidding , without leave or license of the statewithout thinking or caring about the approval or disapproval of their sovereigns . The Pope issues his mandate , and it is obeyed , whether princes like it or not . ' This is just , and is it not grand ? Compared to it what grandeur , what power , what freedom , what extension has any of your earthly potentates—your kings and emperors of a petty domain ? It is a full meridian manifestation , of the supremacy of the spiritual order over the temporal ; and it is a happy circumstance and every way natural that the occasion of honouring the Mother

      has served so well to illustrate the triumphs of the Church of her Divine Son . Here the Catholicity and the Unity of the Church of Christ are brought at once under the eye and made palpable to the touch . So much genius and learning , so much faith and piety carried to Rome by men of so many different countries and climes , representing congregations separated by barriers the strongest , geographical and political , —separated by manners , customs , languages- ^ -differhig in interests , inclination , and in race , but all united as one man in reigion , having , like the first believers , but one heart and one faith , one hope , one * baptism . It is stupendous , and evidently the work of God . If not , why has human

      power effected , nothing of the sort ? Small wonder , therefore , that the enemies of truth , should feel disheartened and discomfited by what has been doing at Rome . The blear-eyed and the blind advocates of error are , naturally , ill at ease in presence of those dazzling splendours . But very lately the Protestantism of England , foaming and dishevelled like a drunken sybil , stammered and mouthed its malicious prophecies about the fall of the Cltirch and the Papacy . Now , however , those -who have eyes to see can see , and it seems pretty plain , after all , that the sorceress derived her inspiration as well as her fury from the fatlier of lies . " A gioan is . thus given for the heretics :

      " Heaven look down in pity on the poor Protestants of England . While the Bishops of the Catholic world are before the Holy Father , attesting the concordant consent of the Faithful throughout the universe on a most delicate and beautiful article of Christian revelation , the poor Protestants behold the primary elements of Christian dogma uprooted among them . In the English Church , the decision in the Gorhaua case has long since made it evident that neither the authorities nor the people have any fixed or settled opinions on the great subject of the transmission 6 f original sin , and the efficacy and necessity of baptism . Accordingly , it was only tie othei day that Lord Palmerston proclaimed before tlie peasantry of Hampshire tliat all children are

      born with good dispositions of mind and heart ; that they are Jaorn simply good * A plait * revival of the verysame Pelagianism against which Saint Augustin wrote 1400 years ago . They have nobody to teach them , and every man amongst them is a sort of a teacher . In spite of all the Bishop of Oxford and others have done and said about tlie Church , and the canons * and the articles , and the rubrics being in danger and disorder , they cannot assemble a Convention of one Ecclesiastical province , and if assembled , it could agree to nothing . Its articles travel off like . the . rainbow to widen tlie pale of tho Church ' s communion , and to prevent its members from going beyond them . It is a show of a Church . It is

      simply ludicrous to call this mimic creature of the State —tied up hands and feet , and gagged by tho State—it is silly to call this gorgeous plaything of the civil law a Church . Intellectually considered England is the land of scepticism , especially religious scepticism , the cold , dark region of endless and aimless doubt , without an authority to clear up , decide , or define anything . Its ideas are all shades—evanescent , shapeless , empty , and wan . Moantime everybody is teaching every other bodyevery man doubting and discussing , and this , thoy saythough it is never to end in . anything like truth—this ia enlightenment . Tho devil of prido haa so possessed tho nation that it would undertake to decide tho affairs of the world , human and divine . "

      Untitled Article

      The follow ing—which is properly a subject for Notes and Queries—is from the Oxford Vniixraity Herald . It shows clearly that " every facility is given for tho magistrates coming into court with clean hands ; but tho price is ruinous , and will , doubtless , excite tho horror of Ilonbigant , and the jealousy of Jouvin : " In tho courao of a town council meeting , two hills wore mentioned for gloves to tho judges , two pair of which were charged 80 s . caoli , and ono pair 21 , 2 s . The dlflVsrenco in price was commented on , and it was

      cx-GIVING GLOVES TO JUDGES

      plained by sevoral councillors , on tho authority of Mr . Lucas , that tho two-guinea gloves wore better in quality than those nt 80 s . On this , Mr . John Plowman asked why tho city should bo put to thin expense at nil ?—• Mr . E . T . Splera was doeiroun of knowing the origin of ho custom of giving them ?—Tho Mayor believed it waa that tho glovoB were given in Hou of tho personal attendance o * tho Mayor at the aBflisRca . If this wero ho as ho did not mind tho trouble nnd meant to attend , there was no reason why they should ho continued . In many places glovos were given on occasions when there

      were no prisoners , for trial ;; but this -was-never the case with Oxford , unfortunately . —Alderman Thorpe suggested that the gloves were given as a way of showing respect to the Sovereign . —Alderman Grubb -was of opinion that the city had nothing whatever to do with the judges ; it was a county affair . —Alderman Spiers regarded the giving of the gloves as indicative that the Mayor of the city gave up his power for the time being ; at all other times he was her Majesty ' s representative in the city , but when the judges came in ho gave up his own power to them . —Mr . Plowman moved that these bills be paid ; but that the custom be discontinued . Alderman Grubb seconded . —The Mayor said he could receive the first part of the resolution , but not the second . —Mr . Carr then gave notice that he would move at the next council that the custom be henceforth discontinued . "

      Untitled Article

      Mathieson , for nearly 30 years coachman to Sir Walter Scott , died at Abbotsford on Thursday last , at the great age of 84 or 85 years . He was brother-in-law of Sir Walter's faithful Tom Purdie , and wa 3 taken into the poet ' s service about the year 1804 , when Scott first set up a carriage . The pages of " Lockhart ' s Life" make frequent mention of the trusty and favourite charioteer . The bowling-green at Abbotsford was placed where it is in order that Sir Walter might listen of an evening to the voice of prayer and praise from the coachman's cottage .

      MISCELLANEOUS . A Retainer of the Great Sir Walter . —Peter

      Disgraceful . Frauds jk the London Docks . — Messrs . Ridley and Co ., of Crutched-friars , have issued a circular , explaining at some length certain frauds in the "demon regions" of the wine-vaults , which have mystified the suffering merchants for some time . At a " rummage sale" bad ' sour wine is purchased for nest to nothing . It is then carefully vatted , and deposited in open" spaces with valuable wines ; Here is one case given : — "Oh the 6 th of April last , the St . Katharine Dock Company had a rummage sale , consisting of sour port , French , Italian , and other wines . A Mr . purchased extensively , at prices varying from 5 s . to 17 s . 6 d . per hogshead for French , 30 s . per pipe for Italian ; and for about four pipes of port , in assorted casks , he ventured to pay from 11 . to 51 . per 115 gallons , the bulk of which he immediately removed to the vatting floor of the London Docks . On the 5 th of May

      the sour ports -were vatted , on the 12 th the French—in the St . KatharineDocks , and on the 30 th the Italian , in the London . All , without exception , were drawn from the vats into good port-shaped pipes , and forthwith sent to , and housed at the East vault , perhaps stowed amongst your fine 1847 's and 185 l's . Be tliat as it may , in a short time the Italian ( 3 3 pipes ) , port ( 4 pipes ) , and French ( 4 pipes ) , in all 41 pipes , were miraculously metamorphosed into' excellent port . Altogether , this year , six or seven such vattings have been nvade by one party . Thus about 70 pipes have been transmuted in this extraordinary manner : after being housed at the East vault they are tinned out ' fine port , ' worth 30 ? . to 38 ? . per pipe . " It is suggested that the officials , in the night , run off the bad wine , and fill up the casks with selections from the good—to the astonishment of tlio givers of " tasting orders , " who canuot imagine how tasters can take so much .

      A Striking Contrast . —While the Church of England in tho thirty years from 1801 to 1831—though in undisturbed possession of the whole administrative , legislative , and judicial power of the nation—had advanced its sittings only 18 . 6 per cent ., the Independents had in twenty years augmented theirs G 0 . 2 per cent ., tho Baptists 79 per cent ., and the Weslcyan Methodists 283 per cent . I — Voluntaryism in England and Wales . The New Cattjms Market . —Arrangements have been made with tho Great Northern Railway which will materially add to tho welfare of both railway and market . Gates will be made in the wall which divides both territories , so that the cattle coming to town will only havvo to alight from their fourth class carring-os nnd

      bo killed without trouble . Proper receptacles are being constructed for all classes who may arrive—good roomy buildings- —with tho roofs supported by iron columns , the capitals of which represent lieads of the particular animals destined for the departments . There is in connexion with these markets an arrangomont which , from tho humanity it displays , if for no other reason , deserves espccinl notice—namely , tho floors of Iheso marketplaces are raised just to tho height of the bottom of a cart , so that the animnlH , when sold , nnay walk from their' pens into tho vehicles without being subjected to tho ( in ninny instances ) cruel compulsion nt present practised . Abattoirs aro being organised in tho neighbourhood , and tho wretched scenes in tho streets will soon bo avoided .

      Pubmo LntjsAKircH and MirsntJMs . —A bill , just prepared nnd brought in by Mr . Kwnrt , Mr . llrothorton , and Mr . G-. A . Hamilton , proposes to repeal tho Library Act of 1 8 ^ 0 , but not to invalidate by such repeal anything done in pursuance of tho same act , nor to disturb ailrcady established libraries nnd museuniH . The object of the bill appears simply to extend tho bonefitn of tho menmire of I 860 to towns governed under local acts , nnd to pariahos . All libraries oponcd under this Act "will bo firoo of charge .

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 30, 1854, page 1234, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2071/page/10/