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Leader (1850-1860), 25th November 1854, Edition 1 of 2, Page 1113, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      November 25 , 1854 . 1 THE LEADER . 1113

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      EGYPT . Several changes have been made among the various functionaries , and with the best intentioas , the most important being that of Katib-Pacha , nominated Governor of Alexandria .. The administration of commerce is suppressed ; the Pacha having declared that he -will have no further connexion with commercial transactions , and that he has determined to leave trade entirely free . Artem . Bey , ex-minister under Mehernet Ali , has just been nominated President of the Tribunal of Commerce . This is one of the first steps in the reform of that branch of the administration .

      The peasants are to pay their taxes half in money and half in drafts upon the treasury . These have already come down from 25 per cent , to 7 and 8 per cent ., and will soon be at par . The last measure favours in a peculiar manner the government functionaries , who were paid in paper only . But the full and entire freedom of commerce is one of those measures vvhich must have an enormous extension , and which ia fact scarcely any one could formerly have expected .

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      SPAIN . Madrid , Nov . 21 . In the sitting of the Cortes , to-day , the Duke de la Vittoria made the following declaration : Gentlemen , —When the whole nation resolved in July last to recover Its rights and to destroy tie abuses which , had been introduced into the government of the state , I was called on by the heroic people of Saragossa , in order to authorise and support the movement -which , for the same object was effected in that capital and in the principal parts of Arragon . I went without hesitation to support and defend so noble a cause , and I of tered , in the most solemn manner , to use all my efforts in order that the national will should be accomplished . The Queen

      then appointed me President of the Council of Ministers , and I accepted that charge -with the firm resolution of giving It up as soon as the Constituent < 3 ortes should be assembled . This was one of the principal demands which I made to the Queen , and which her Majesty admitted ¦ without repugnance . The Constituent Cortes are now assembled , and the ministry over which I have the honour to preside is about to tender its resignation , in . order to leave to her Majesty full liberty of choosing her responsible advisers , conformably to parliamentary usages . Gentlemen , I avail myself of this opportunity to here declare , in the sanctuary of the laws , before God and before men , that I have no kind of ambition ; that the only thing which forms the object of my wishes is to live as a simple citizen , in obedience to the laws .

      This declaration was received with shouts of applause . Various motives are assigned for this act ; it is generally ascribed to policy as well as to patriotism . Espartero ' s candidate for the Presidency of the Cortes was defeated . San Miguel is too old to occupy the place to which he was elected .

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      There is still much talk of a Carlist rising . In consequence of the late remission of two years' service , the soldiers of the conscription of 1848 are now receiving their discharges , and it is said that in the course of December the army will be diminished by no less than 25 , 000 men . On this the Carlists arc reported to build their hopes .

      Tub lJitoTHKits-iN-LAW—and OitDKit . —It is stated that the Czar has sent to the King of Prussia ono of the trophies taken by the Russians in the Crimua . This is a strange present to a . sovereign who profesHua to bo noutral . If accepted , it will throw a valuable light on what the King of Prussia understands "by neutrality . It will bo an attestation by his acts to the sincerity of the words ho used to tho oflicor . s of the garrison of Stottin — " As long as I am King of Prusain , tho Prussian army shall not march against liussia . "

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      Ro . MK , —Wo take tho following gofinip of tho Church from tho letter of a ( Catholic ) friimd , now in Rome : " On tho 8 tU of next montli tho Holy Father will celobrato high mass himself at St . Potur'n , and afterward * will definitively pronounce the lirnnnonlnto Conception of tho Mother of God . Thorn will ho moro than n hundred bishoptt assembled . It will bo n Hplcu < li < l ni tf lit . Tho Pope i » alwo going to conaecruto St . PuuI ' h liunilica , arid all tho niimcH of the binhop . t -will bo inneriboil on u tnblut in that church , winch will bo oms of tho fluent in thu world when complete . Our Queen , if nh « worn Catholic , would bo Protector of Bt . I Wh . Of courno you arc nwaro that Hobort Ituiao Wilborforoe ban boon received by tho Pupal Nuncio nt Pariw , whither ho wan conducted by Dr . ClraJit , tho Blahop of Southward . It ia

      expected he will come here to be made a priest . Northcote is now -here preparing for Holy Orders . I don ' t know wbo edits the Rambler now . Cape 3 had it again till October . Robert Wilberforce is considered next in importance to Newman and Manning . He was the greatest theologian of the Establishment since Dr . Mill ' s death . Denison is now tlie most prominent man , though Thorpe is the leader of the remnant of the subscribers to the resolution of March 15 , 1840 . I expect the marvellous unity of the Church about the dogma of the Immaculate

      Conception will astonish Anglicans not a little . There are now here the Archbishops of Westminster , of Rbeims , of Prague , Capua , Lyons , the Primate of Hungary , the Archbishops of Malines , Armagh , Dublin , Tuam , Genoa , Turin , Munich , Vienna , Salamanca , Baltimore . The Archbishops of Paris and New York are expected . There will be about one hundred bishops here this winter . The first meeting takes place , I believe , tomorrow . The Bull is already prepared . Nothing is omitted to give solemnity to tlxe promulgation . "

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      Lokd Palmekston remains at Paris . He resides at the British Embassy . He sees the Emperor daily . He dines with the Emp " eror's Ministers . Nobody can make out what he is at .

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      DEATH OF LORD DUDLEY STUART . It is with most sincere regret that we publish a telegraphic despatch , received last evening from our correspondent , announcing the decease of Lord Dudley Stuart , which took place at . Stockholm on the 17 th inst . Immediately after his lordship's arrival in that city , about the beginning of October , he was suddenly attacked with a complaint resembling cholera , which ay as succeeded by typhus fever . From this alarming illness he recovered sufficiently , in less than a ; .. fortnight , to carry on . his extensive correspondence with almost his usual activity . He had a long audience of the King of Sweden , and ,

      attended the meetings of the Chambers , where his appearance was . observed with lively satisfaction by the majority favourable to an alliance between Sweden and the Western Powers . But unfortunately his enfeebled frame was unable to resist the severity of a climate to which he was unaccustomed . He was attacked on the 11 th inst . with an affection of the lungs , producing great difficulty of breathing , and although somewliat better on the 16 tb , he became worse on the morning of the 17 th , He then perceived that his recovery was hopeless , spoke calmly of his approaching end , and expired without a struggle the same evening . —Daily JSTews .

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      MAIIYLEBO . NE . The great borough of Marylebone is managed , in a 31 electioneering matters , by half a dozen , fussy fellows who are conspicuous at vestries . Immediately upon the news arriving cf the death at Stockholm of Lord D . Stuart , the half-dozen fussy fellows called on one another , settled that Sir Hamilton Seymour should be invited to fill the vacant scat , and at once made the offer to that acute ambassador . Sir Hamilton is not in town : his answer has not yet been received ; but if he accepts them , as no other Liberal will be likely to present himself , he will most likely be returned . The half-dozen fussy fellows never for a moment thought of consulting the electors !

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      OUlt YOUNG STATESMEN . Lonn Sta : nxky and Sir Robert Peel attended and addressed si literary gathering this week of the people of Preston , at tho institution for the Diffusion of Knowledge . Lord Stanley inndo n most effective , sensible speech . Relating the history of the institution , ho snid that it had failed in interesting tho mechanics , for whom specially it was intended ; and he asked what was tho cause of this failure as regards the working class ? Ilo did not exactly answer tho question , which , no doubt , is only to be answered by tho remark that thu working mini wuuU an institution which will nnmtio us well as teach him ; but hu suggested some means of corroding that great evil of tho ihiy . —tho division of society into separate if aiut antagonistic classes .

      Wo all know , wo all perceive that no « i « ty in tho present duy in in many rospeettt constituted very difltjrent . ly from what it wan in former times . Various causes have ojiorutcd upon it ; purliapa amongst thono cauhuh 1 , 1 m principal imd most apparent ban been that inorourtu of local communication which tends almost to dontroy , within , at leant , tho aron of this country , all mipumtiuiiH produced )> y Hpiieo . Now , on tho whole , thoro i , s , of oourHO , no doubt—( ho man would Ihj iiuj » . no who duniod it --thoro in no doubt that that iiiuronnori facility of communication has boon productive of vory great , buuiiflt to tho community ; hut , like every other boiiuut , in (|» irt world , it lius itrt accompanying tivlln . Anil one of thumi ovlla , 1 think , ian teudonoy , au increased loudoucy , wluou

      most people notice , and which has been very frequentlv a subject of discussion—a tendency to a disruption of local connexions and ties . I think we shall mid . if you compare the state of society now with -what it was fifty , or still more one hundred , years ago , that men in the same class , following the same occupation , though in different parts of the country , are in much closer and more intimate relation one with another than persons in different classes following different occupations , who reside in the same immediate locality . The tie of class becomes stronger , the tie of local proximity becomes comparatively weaker . Now , no doubt , other causes concur , though in a lesser degree , to increase that division between classes . There

      ls among the wealthy , perhaps , greater luxury and refinement ; there is among the working class—and 1 for one don ' t regret to see it—a more strongly-developed feeling of independence , which makes them reluctant to meet those who , perhaps , they think do not meet them on equal terms ; and there is no doubt also the pressure of severer labour upon all classes , consequent upon the increased activity of our age . But be the causes what they may , the result , I think , is certain . And what avjs want to do is , what it is important to do is , to find for this severance , for this disruption of local ties , aremedv

      which , shall be ellicacions and universal . The only remedy which I know is , so far as it is possible , to provide common pursuits , to provide common occupations and amusements , to induce different classes to meet one another niore freely , so as to make people think a littia less of their individual place and station in society , and a little more of their duties to society . Then , as to education , Lord Stanley seems to think we want no Parliamentary measure if classes would join in such institutions to educate on « another .

      A great deal is said of the want of a proper supply of schools for the working classes . Now , I am very far from denying that such a deficiency does really exist . 13 ut I believe , if we came to look into tlie matter accurately , we should find that our first and principal want is not so much a greater number , as ^ an invproved qualitv of schools . N " , in this matter Parliament may do something ; whether it will . is another question . GoA'eriiment inspectors may do a little in raising the standard of teaching ; but , after all , neither Parliament nor Government can do all that is wanted . The principal labour , the principal responsibility , must rest , after all , ou thu parents , and \ ipon no other persons . Well , what you have to So , then , if you want a better system of teacbin ¦<<

      for children—what you have to do is , to overcome thu apathy and indifference of the parents- Now , of thotiu parents there are many who / were themselves brought up in ignorance , and who therefore , as a general rule , cannot be expected to have much feeling of the advantages of education . But there arc many other . s who , having themselves received in their early days a more or less good elementary education , arc nevertheless quite indifferent to their children receiving the same , « ju this account—they say , We were'taught at school ; we learnt to road and write , we loft school , and after wo left school we found that no books were put in our vvay . It was only occasionally that we could got a newspaper . We hud no means ) of using tho . se acquirements which

      wo gained with so much labour ut school , and therefore they have been comparatively useless . " I have heard that language held before now , and 1 cannot Hay it was held untruly . You perceive what 1 am coming to . What 1 desire to uryo is , that if you want school instruction to bo properly valued , you must make it valuable . It is not valuablu unlc ** for the boy who has left school , for the young man , far the grown man of all ages , you provide atteh . mean * of continuing hi * education , or , at all events , of profiting by that -power which hu has gained of reading with (; atiu and pleasure t « j himself—unlcdrt you provide him with thu mean * of UMiny ; that power which in his ourly < luy » lie lm » uuquirud with mo much labour . Thin , then , in Lite principal object of institutions of thw kind . You himply books , you

      supply classes , you yivo instruction hy muam of lectures to tho utlult population . Onco hitci-CMt-grown men unit -vvonicn , fathom ami mothers , in tliis work of education , rely upon it , in a vory l ' tsw yoara , you will li « vu Huuh a duniund for touching hnprovvd in ( nudity and extended in quantity , an will compel tlie punning—or , what would bu wtlll butter , art would pupcxMudu thu puttalng <> l a parliamentary lnuiujuru on tho subjuut . lie admitted that the working man had but little time for reading and study ; but even in that little time ho considered ti great , iluiil might bo duno : nr » d hu condemned thy Sabbatarians who would prohibit intellectual recreation on tho Sundiiy . llv hmtaneuit casos of working muu who hud rlauii into fame ; mid ho iJut'iitiouL'tl u local hero .

      And if 1 wore to mention iikiii ofthi ; pnwunt dayv / hu ar « following , at leant ho fur a * liicluntry iiinl onergy tfoe . i , in thoHtoprt of llio . ne whom J liavti named , 1 beliuvu 1 might ulludu Id at leant oik ; individual , an liiliubitiuit of this town—a liuui who lojutf wan , auxl 1 beliovu J . i , u member of thin liinlitutlmi — u niiin who hurt obtained from Ihobowkri of tliirt in « til Htioii Ihutfreatiir part of the kuowh-iltfu wJiicJi liii at iinncnt . jio « rtl ;» . iii ; l—1 will not iiuiikj him , b <«;« ii . ti . ' i bulicvii 1 * 1 .-4 nimhinty h eijiml to hi ^ urqutruuiuiit . t ; but I may iitiinlion tlui ! ho in now at tin Uuivorttlty , ia uximctcd u > tuko a vory liigh di .-groo , uikJ

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      CONTINENTAL NOTES . Mb . Lkwis Cass , the U . S . Charge" d'Affaires to the Court of Homo , had an nudionco of tho Pope ou the 10 th , in which he delivered now lottor . 4 of credence raising him to tho rank of resident Minister at Koine .

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      Mahshai , Nakvaisx luis arrived at Orloann . It is aaid that ho intends to pun » thu winter in that city .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 25, 1854, page 1113, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2066/page/9/