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    Beveral 82 and 24-pounders , enfiladed the front of the "Russian position , and swept the slopes to the Alma . On both flanks the Russians stood in dark masses ; but their ¦ centre , although studded with artillery , was ¦ weak in . numbers and position . The plan of attack adopted by the Allies was extremely simple . While Marshal St . Araaud occupied the attention of the centre , Generals Bosq uet

    and Canrobert , in concert with Sulieman Pacha , were to turn the Russian left ; when this manoeuvre had succeeded , simultaneously with an attack on the centre by the troops under Prince Napoleon and Sir De Xiacy Evans , Sir George Brown with the I / ight Division , supported by the Guards and Highlanders under the Duke of Cambridge , was to turn the Russian right .

    This plan was frustrated in the execution . It is true that General Bosquet carried the Zouaves and regular infantry on to the crests of the cliffs , from which the shells of the steamers had driven the Russians ; it is true that Prince Napoleon led his brigade over the Alina , drove out the Russian riflemen from the gardens , and menaced the centre ; but ? the advance of the English centre , on the contrary , was delayed by the firing of the village of Burliuk , through which they

    were to march ; and when Sir George Brown arrived on the banks of the AlmaJ he found that the Russians outflanked him , that the difficult ground in his front had been rendered more difficult by the trees that had been , felled and strewed about ; and that his only hope lay in a direct advance and a stOTrri . The Light Division , closely sustained by its support , crossed the river at a bound , and . was soon entangled in the vineyards on the other side . Detaching three regiments

    to the left , Sir George charged up the steep in his front with the Seventh , Twenty-third , and Thirty-third . The slaughter was terrible . The men , however , entered , the redoubt or great battery , but were forced to give ground , so great was the loss of this brigade . At this crisis up came the support ; the Highlanders , exhorted by their cbief ; the Guards well handled , and as steady as on parade—still the same Guards

    as those who dressed at jTontenoy—pressed up the hill with a force and coolness which nothing qould resist , their" advance covered by the judicious firing of two guiis brought up and placed by Lord Haglan himself . It was now four o ' clock ; the Itussian left had T > een swept off the field , the centre had been split in two , the last charge of the Guards and Highlanders on the right had fairly overwhelmed the enemy , and ho fled , caTrying off all hi a guns but throe , and having lost some six thousand killed and wounded

    in . this torriblo encounter . Alike oatmanoauvred and out-fought on their left , snapped in the centre , and over-borne on their right , the Russian troops ran from the field , covered by their cavalry , partly in tlie direction of Buktschi-Serai , and partly toward , Sebastopol . Unfortunately the Allies were deficient in cavalry , and were thus prevented from converting the retreat into a . rout , Tho skill subsequently shown by the gonerals proved their worthiness of such an aruiy . Arrived ou tho Bolbek , they found that the field-works on the northern shore of

    Sobastopol commanded the landing-place , and tlius at once wero they deprived of one base of operations . "Without any delay , Lord Raglan suggested a flank march on BaLaklava ; aud the idea thua daringly conceived was as rapidly executed . On tho 24 fch tho Allies were on the Katchn ; on the 25 th they had turned Inkorman , struggled through a mountainous and wooded country , dofoated a Russian oorpa of 15 , 000 men ; and ou the 20 th they wore masters of Balaklava . Tho

    Kuasians , demoralised and dispersed , offered no resistance . On the 28 th the siege train was landed ; on the 4 th of October the guns in the siege batteries opened on Sebastopol . Eighteen days before those splendid troops stood at Old Tort—perhaps at this moment they hold Sebastopol itself !

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    THE FIRST FOOTSTEP OF AMERICA IN EUEOPE . The first step towards a great event in ZEurope , which , we -were probably the first to predict , las already taken place . The Ministers accredited to the principal courts on this side of the Atlantic have met in conference in a neighbouring neutral country , for the purpose of considering the present state of European affairs , with a view to the ultimate participation of America in any consultation to revise the treaties regulating the territorial relations and maritime jurisdiction of Europe and the world . ¥ e have

    long said that the stripes and stars would be seen in Europe as the standard of freedom : the diplomatist only comes first ; and the flag , hoisted at the residence of the Ambassador , may supersede the necessity for aims . We know well how difficult it would be to enlist an American army for the support of an abstract principle ; but America has acquired too many interests in Europe to leave them unvindicated ; she will assert them at first with her word ; but if her "word be denied ¦

    There are , of course , innumerable subjects which will lave to be handled by the American Ministers , whether in conference or separately . America has already determined some of those points .: her commerce must be protected ; wherever it appears . Eastern Asia must be left open for American trade , or for emigration . Cuba mast form part of the federation , by the wish of its inhabitants . These are a few amorigst the points alreadydetermined ; and America will know how to distinguish her allies from , her enemies . Nor can any countries on this side of the Atlantic find it safe to exclude from their

    councils one whose interests are so bound up with theirs , one which constitutes already a JPotaer in the world . In the affair of Cuba itself there ia substantial ground for calculating that the manufacturing interests of England , and ^ France would be greatly benefited by breaking up the prohibitory system , which the Spanish Government maintains in the island . The benefit to Cuba from such

    change would be manifest . Spain herself might gain by being released from a delusive reliance upon supplies which have not kept her quit of insolvency ., extricated from complicated differences , and set free with a round sura of money in hand . The trade ot America has by this time extended to the farthest recesses of the European seas , aud it is already a fixed American conclusion that the Black Sen . must not remain a

    Russian lake . The Western Powers of Europe profess to have come , independently , to the same , conclusion ; and they cannofc take it amiss if they find a powerful ally ready to support thorn . If wo anticipate even the most favourable turn for oventa in the sequel of tho great contest ; now extending on the Continent , wo cannot but foresee serious diflunilties at more than

    one stago . Supposing that Austria is honest , we cannot anticipate perfect facility in bringing her over to acquiesce in a necessary recognition of tho rights of nations , or of a truly liberal policy . Yet now that tho bonds of Europe have been cast looao by the violence of llusaia , when a general war compels all t"ho powers to hazard their influence , if not their oxiatonoo , in tho meUe . ifc will bo

    impracticable to silence or keep down nationalities ¦ which have rights of their own to assert . "We may preach the policy of alliance , tlie general interest of Europe , the virtues of moderation ; but Italy cannot forget the wrongs of centuries , nor can Hungary overlook events which have filched her constitution from her . If Hungary has duties to Europe , Europe forgot the reciprocal duties when she

    permitted Austria to put her thumb upon Hungarian rights . Since Austria has been betrayed by the accomplice that then made her bold , Hungary may perhaps perform a generous part , and forbear to strike in return ; but she will expect to recover her own ; and it will be necessary to make Austria comply with the expectation . It will leally be a circumstance of no small account for tlie

    Western Powers if they secure the support of America in practically enforcing that counsel . On the other hand , should Austria betray us , and evade the dues after she has gained her point , the support of America would not be less valuable . The councils by which the policies of Europe have beeii determined have , indeed , been bodies of the most anomalous kind . The arbitrary Governments have enjoyed an overwhelming preponderance . "While it is war time , England can make good her stand , and defend her own . On the field of battle her

    steel and iron votes have often carried the day . But when , the battle is over , and it is peace , the subject , of debate is referred to a Congress ; and then constitutional England gets outvoted . Or she does worse- —being outvoted , she conceals her want of power by truckling , and appears to connive at spoliation which she detests . She did so , ! Lord Aberdeen tells us , when she surrendered so much to Uussia on Turkish ground in 1829 . Let us hope that she did no worse when she surrendered Poland for partition . At all

    events , England would no longer willingly consent to the same , surrenders now . But she might he outvoted . At such a time , then , the support of America would be doubly valuable in regaining for liberal or constitutional England , the confidence of liberal and republican parties in Europe , and in counterbalancing the extreme of Absolutism . The diversities of the Congress would be neutralized by increasing the variety . Ifc would no longer be constitutional England , solitary amidst arbitrary Governments ; but in the Congress we should have represented

    arbitrary Austria , if still arbitrary , doctrinaire Prussia , absolute Russia , absolute and yet popular France , constitutional England , republican America . The flag which represents tho nationality of the world could not fail in that assemblage to afford shelter for a new spirit of European nationality . That the peoples can have power would bo evidenced by the representative in Congress ; and let us add , that it might bo no misfortune for the " Patriot" p arty on the Continent if Republican principles happened to bo offended in the person of the American , representative

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    WAR AS A MORAL EXERCISE . Tim war is a great moral exercise , without which this country would have been in a condition neither henltliy nor safe . Until wo woro engaged in ifc , wo wero ia a fool's paradise , believing that our peace would never bo interrupted , chattering about a return to tho military system of 1837 , and learning to think that so long as wo remained clever in trade and politioB wo need never fear tho barbarians . There was some notion that we might rely upon " moral force , " though how moral forco was to operate upon tho contumacious nobody could ever explain . So groat was tho reliance of tho doctors upon their nostrum , that throe of them tried tho treatment upon

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    972 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 14, 1854, page 972, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2060/page/12/