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    ' .. . . ' ¦:¦ • • ' .• V ' .-.- '¦ . - .. . .. . '' ¦ • :¦ ¦ ' ;¦ ' : . ¦ ¦ ' " ' ' ¦ '^JjC rt V-ri^rt'I **y _ ' .-• ¦ • .- ¦ ¦:¦ ¦: _ : :.. ¦ .- ¦' ¦ . '¦^ 3^ x1 i-4-l- : 'Xl : iX Jll*- ; ¦¦ I

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    and iMosheim , mtisfc . ba aware tlwt the six bishops of the towns and districts in tie immediate neighbourhood of Rome formed , even in the second century , part of what was then called the Church of Rome . They were integral portions of her presbytery , and " took part ¦ iirtlre e 1 ecfi ( 5 ir of her bishop , and in the important ftmcftrons of ecclesiastical dEcrpTine and aiftHhistpationi 'Oiae-df thesesub «* % » n bisi * ops * w » s ~ # i < eBiahopof Portus , the « ew hatfboor of tte > TibBf , ; opposite to Gatia , formed byTiajan . Hippotftos , m-almost all . the aneient a « oo «« t 3 (» c ^ pectin ^ i him , bea » s the title of J ^ p iscogus Portuensis : and we shall see lu , ter . that there never was any other tiadition about him . I will only say here , that his celebrated statue in the Vatican Library , found in the year 1551 , in the very ancient , cemetery near Rome , described ( jtbotit the year 400 ) br Pruaeirfros as the place of the burial at Hippolytas , -t ? Iie Bfslwpof'PortUB near Ostwy is SHfliciesrt to < p « yve lirtntoaave been that bishop : for lie . 'is irepreeented sitting on the episcopal chair or aafcfaedra , aad the Paschal cycle m-£ CHnbed on the cliair is a Westorn lionaan one . " But the book before us does ziot speak less dearly upon this subject . Without , entering here into the detail of the carious contents of the ninth Dook , I will only refer to tlie

    numerous passages in It where the anthor speaks of tiimself , m the singular , as of an influential and acifive-metAber of the Eowian clergy ; and he ages ffae word ' we' in acts of ecclesiastical authority exercised by the clorgyr as ; a body . Now > though Origen paida short visit to Rome ; abo *» fc . that time , when he wa » very y »* ng , he . could never have acted that part or used that language , . being simply a visitor from an Eastern church , if he Jiad been at Some , under CaTlistus , which , he was not . " Our first argument evidently excludes Caius , as much as the second ! does anyone who wsb ffobaBoaiMi clergyman At-the time . That learned presbyter of the > Church of Borne waa ia-Jeed , lifaa Bippolytns , a disciple of Sreneeus-. ; anad another york of our author , and one- wbieb decides the authorship of a -third , was ascribed in early times to Caius . But never wus ; aiiy work on the general Jiistory of heresies , said to have been written by this Roman presbyter . .. ¦ .. .. ' ' . "'iSpow an ordinary reader , ihndhrg so- considerable a ivork assignecTcorifidently to © rigen , . mtofofc -anrinfiKP thai . snm <> hnnk iififlm * tXistit . titlfi-was ronllv nwrihfl *! "tvi fchft l « arm »« 1

    Alestnndrianfey some-at least of the many ancient writers who treat ofhis literary achievements ; yet ' . tbOTei&Botihe slightestrecom that Orjgen ever wrote-a vrorkawider any like , title / *? Bat , perhaps it may be Clue same with Hippolytu ^ ,, y ^ hose-statadii -ami history seem alone to agrige with , onf book ? , On tlie , contrary , a . book of exactly the . same title ' is ascribed almost universally : to him , the Roman presbyter , arid' Bishop of Portias near Ostia . ' *• Eifsetfins ( fl . E . 22 ) , speaking , & ^ gical Aimafe , which go d < y ^ n to the ¦ ¦ ¦ first -yearof AlexaHder ^ veros ? ( 222 ) , a » d « f ; the •* ¦ PasclKiiCycle , ' which begins from the first year of that reign , mentions , amongst his works , that ' Against all tlie Heresies' ( TrpoS ndcraS ra S alpevtiS ) . Jerome ; does the same ,. * vhichiiirasfr be cortsidersel in tbiscase » as an independent testimony ; for he , vgives the titles of some wdrlts iiot mentioned by E « sebias ; , Epiphanius C Hser .. xi ,. c .. a 3 ;) = oiteS : the name of Hippolytus , with those of Clemens of Akxandria and of Ireniseiis , as the . principal authors who had refuted-thei Talentiniati heresies , the treaties on which occupiesi-sd prominent a part in' the book before us /

    • " Fin ally , the editor of the Chronicori Paschale , of the seventh century , quotes in the m ± trpduction to his compilation ( completed / by Mai ' s' discoveries ) , after the letter of Peter , Bishop of Alexandria ( who s-uffered martyrdom in 311 ) , on the Paschal time , and another of Alhanasitis on tlie same sufcj ect , a passage from rthe work ' Hippoly fus j ' . the witness of the truth , the Bishop of Portus near Rome , Against all the Heresies ( jrpa ? Triads ' ras xxlpt < r * K trvprayjid ) , ' about the heresy of the Quarfcodeciiaani ; and I shall prove in my jiext letter , that this passage must have existed ia our vfork , but that our present text gives us only an extract in this as in several other places . _ . : ¦¦ " We , may sum up the arguments brought forward hitherto in a few words . The book caunut have been written by fcWdgeri , nor even by Caius the presbyter , for it is written by a < bisbor > : besides nobody ever attributed either to the Alexandrian or to the Roman Presbyter a book with a like title . On the other hand , such a bookis ascribed by the highest authorities to- HJppolytus , Bfshop of Portus , presbyter of the Church of Home , who lived and wrote about 220 , as the ' Paseoal Cycle' and his statue expressly state . " As ix contribution to the " divorce" controversy , we may add tlie foQlor *? 1 - ang extrapts from one of M . Bunsen ' s chapters on tbe social life of the early Chx-istians :

    ''' The Law of Divorce is part of the Law of Marriage ,. and ought , in Christian states , to be in nrason- with Christian principles . We rtave seen Hvlurt tliese principles were in earry Christianity : the Goapel and the Episfcle&Bhow what th « y ought to be . The Latii * Clmvcb , seduced by-St , Augustine ' s sentimentarity and utter want of common sense-in points of law , has cut the knot by prohibiting divorce altogether , although such a prohibition is in glai-ing contrndittion with the clear precept of Christ , with the doctrine of tlie Apostles , and with thu discipline and practice of thb ancient Church . The consequence of this unbelieving dis-• cipiine has been , tliat in exclusively Roman Catholic states marriage has become to be considered as divorce . If you will make the marriage tie independent of its moral basis , the sanctity of the marriage life , you destroy what you intend to strengthen . Now the-principles and germs of Protestant legislation in the sixteenth century were right , and identical over the'whole of Europe . They may be reduced to the following formula . Marriage is indissoluble except by death : dearth is natural or civil ; civil dvath is incurred b y adultery , and l > y pertinacious , wilful desertion , when well established . This principle is proclaimed by the Reformation in England , and by all ecclesiastical ordinances of reformed govornments on . tlie Continent . But this germ was nowhere fully and consistently developed . In

    Raalantl the hierarchical reaction under James the First ( which commenced under Elisabeth , - and was not broken up by the monarchical voform of 16 B 8 « ind the following years ) produced one' ( if tifrc moat glaring contradictions in principle and practice w'lri ' ch the history of legislation cochibits . T « e Protestant principle , aa to adultery ( on the piirtof tlie wife ) , was maintained in acts of the highest legislative authority , but deniod in the courts of justice . Those courts judged according to the ineditoval canon law , which admits of no divorce . Thus , by strict l « vw , separation alone could bo pronouiiaed : the dissolution of tho mfttdmoniol tio re-. quired an Act of Parliament { ix in'ioileginm in tho classical sense of the term ); and divorce thus become , ns it has well boon snkl , tiio privilege of tho aristocracy , Tho principle of civil dcatl ) , sis the consequence of perthiiierotm , "ffilfuldcsertion j was entirely kst sight of inconrta of law , and not oven theoretically dovoloped in workH on jurisprudenae . Thus , tlie middle and lower classes liad no redress , in cither case , and tho lowc'Bt rotainoU tlio old Briton ( not Saxon ) custom of legalising tho dissolution pf mnrriago , in case of theipfidelity of tho woman , byatfictitions enle , which luu ) given ritjo to so many abanrd'fublca . The only couutorpowe to tho jpernioious consequences which ensued was tho sound moral state of tho middle classes , raised by tho puritan movement of tho miiltllo of tho seventeenth century , and confirmed by the morul sottlomcnt of tho constitutional monarchy in 1088 .

    * * * * * i * " Every one is now convinced that n reform is nccossary , and will soon tnke plnce , becnuao f ho public mind recoils from tlio luxlty of tlio principles of tho ln » t cent ury , and becuuao tho aystenn ( if tho aevfcrttwmth century is loaing ground daily . Tgnornnco of tho ancient ChuTch law , and rQJiotionary uvorsion to tho principle of mftrriMgo by civil contract ( ns it . oxisted in tho early Church ) , inoroly because that principle was je-establiHhod by tho Oodo Napoleon —tlieao , nntl nt ) tpopular licentbusnoss , stmnl in tho w « y of cflicicnt reform . Miury governments 'Bdam to JiaT « HtlU to lenra tlint Vrotestiint princes cannot uid Chriutinnity , na their ancoatova wcro CHlled to do three hunched yoara ngo by diotaturiul auta , much less by tho aid ot tho police Fno nuptial benediction ( lileo vonrlnnution ) is Btill considered by jurists of liiunniaan rcputlation and court theologians to bo mono ( sanctified nnd more sure of re » poct yrUoii imposed byn police litw , than whon freely requirod by tho parties , Every one , not aa ignornnt or ancient Church law us nivHoino projudiood and nniTow-niinilod mon , is nwaro tnnfc inafrinrwiiyoriginateH in tho well-conaklerod mutnul conoent of tho two partioa whon qunliMed to . fount w opmlijn , Wmt w to w » y , boing of ago ; and Una itu QunsuminnUuii , tho riaturiuconsoojuonca of that consunt , constHut , cn tlio lnynlory , tlio ' aaoramciuuin' in inurxinct ! , even acoording to thomoro upprovod theoiy of tlio Koinnn Czithollo cammists . Tho cjvll contraot ^ m well as tlio rolinous cerornony , ratlHea tho phidgo : tlio ono onfiaren Ha legal coi ) HftqaonccB , tl > o other hnllows > t in tho f « oo of tho conurugation , by prayer and moral admonition , fho 'State has nothing to do with tho second , wlion onto tlio principle of intolerance and State-religion is ntonmfoncd . It cannot thweforo admit of k vdigionu ceremony ,

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    "We should do our utmost to ericoTxraffe the Beautiful , for t 2 ie Uasful encouragee , ' .. ' . ' itself . — Goetece .. .. ¦ ¦ . ;

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    ' ¦ '" " ¦ ' ' ¦ > ' : . ¦ ' . " ' ¦ ¦' ¦ ¦ " ¦ '¦ ¦ ; ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦; . no . \ y .. . ¦; : - . ; : ' .. ¦ . -. - ¦ . ¦; . ¦ ° . . - . - . ¦¦¦ ¦ .. - . ¦ ,.. ¦ . ' ¦) '¦' . ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ . ¦ ' ¦ '¦ •• ¦ ¦ ¦/ ¦¦¦¦ . ' : :.. ' ¦ . : , ' ¦ .. ' . -. ¦ . - ¦ August ^ , IS— . :. MoNTias have passed a-wayv and what ia the result ? It is not oily that I was too satnguiiie , not only that I had indulged' in Splendid dreams , which I bave xitterly failed to realise , but I am like one fighting with the air . l £ l wring the truth—Bay own truth- ^ -froni my heart of hearts , it is not as a clergyman , that I can deliver it . I tried , as I said , to argue fxoin an hypothesis . 1 told ray congregation that if they believed ia < Ghristianity they eaust show their faith by their works . The doctrine 8 which / they . professed xneant nothing at all unless they were ^ exemplified arid vitalised ^ so to ¦ speak , in practice . But it has been a vain attempt . X find that io . preach

    social truths is regarded as a profanation of the pulpit . I waa < very mudi struck , the other day , by si visit ; paid me by a friend whom I had not seen since he bad taken orders ; He was atraEigely altered . - Ajt college : be had a-veputation for genius , rather than for cleYerness , but was , withal , atrociously idle . He had no ambition , '' -and the work . necessary < to obtain an M-A . ' degree was child ' s play . He had abundance of money , and could , therefore r indulge hia -whimsi He had ; rio vices 5 did not seem to care even for the ordinary amusements of the place , ; scarcely sought companionship , and was what 1 may call an " allowed" man . No one waa surpriaed to hear of , hia cojninitting what in other people would have ibeen denounced as extravagant or abaui ^ d . Well , I ha < L not seen . bin * for , several years , when , tLe other day , he culled upon me . He was dressed like a Eoman Catholic priest , and wore , over everything else , a ' Carmelite cloak . He said at once , that lie had come to talk to me abou-t my soul . He had beard , with intense pain , that having once taken orders I had departed from htold that if soul lost which

    my vows . Undisguisedly e me a was my words might have been the iiistxument of saving , the blood of that soul was on my bead . He told me , tbat though externally an inndel , 'lxe did not think that 1 was so at heart , and I ^ a ni convinced he believed it to "be his duty to spare no effort for my conversion . He did not persuade me , but I could not fail of being intensely struck with his earnestness . Every word was full of life—« each ono seemed to burst' like flame from a hidden Are of love and sympathy . Sometimes words fall loosely , aa if they had no connexion with the man < wh » nttei' 9 them , In this case every sentence was a portion of the living lieart . In other respects , too ,. ' s position was remarkable . He is one of a new sect in the Established Church . In a word , he is a High Churchman preaching evangelical doctrine . Ho pleases neither party . He ia decried , on one side , as a Methodist , on the other , as a Roman Catholic , ' probably , therefore , he is in the right—for the [ Evangelicals appear to havo the doctrine without the system , and the High Churchmen the system without the doctrine .

    I often tried to find out what people * aeant when , they soid that they uolioved in a future world . I never could put the betiof to a test , except on a death-bed , nnd there I havo seen mon writhing in spiritual agony . They had been taught the doctrine as children , had repeated it , pnrrotliko , na men , nnd it came back to them , hideously exaggerated by fear and delirium , on their death-beds . Whon I told my friend that I did not think there was much practical fnitli in Christianity in this day in mvy el / 199 , ho nthnitted the fact , and pointed to Christ's saying , that " Many fttro called , but few ohoaen . " If this is tho > truth , let us not ilineh from it . Jlaavcn ia reserved for a few . The rest are doomed to otornul torture .

    Anguflt tO , 18— . I am not writing Su favour of tho Roman Ctitholio Church , but I think that , if the Church of England nimed at worldly success , she would do well to follow the example of Homo . There nro multitudes of men ami women for whom tho Church of England finds no occupation . They neither ruta nor ( servo . Look , for one moment , at ( ho position of women . It religion was not made for women , it ia very certain that they vrovo made lor religion . With them life is aynonymous with love . Did a woman uunse to venerate , esteem , and love , and you destroy tho root ot her existence . As well tear the ivy from tho oak , and bid it grow without support , tret me . take an

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    substituted for the civil lajr of the land , having a rival effect . Christianity itaelf can expect little or no blessing from an act enforced b 7 the law in order to ensure civil consequences- in Prance experience shows tliat the respect attaching to the religious ceremony is in an inverse ratio to the police compulsion . The same results have , as before observed , ensued iu England since Peel ' s legislation . * ¦ *• * « 9 * # *? Sere again , accordrng to all appearances ,- England will take the . lead , next year perhaps , and on -prin ^ dples which every friend of Protestant Christianity and of humanity most hail imh thankfeiness . These indeed caa be no other tban those of the GospeL The sequel will be , that the Apostolical practieewill be re-estaWiahed as Chrfetian law , as-more or les& correctly formulised by our reformers . There is only one point on wluch any doubt can exist . According to St . Paul ' s advice ( for he ' Iaysdpwn no rule , except where he gives it as ' a word of the Lord' ) , as interpreted and applied by the ancient Chtrrch , the wife ought under no-ciratunstances to sne tor the dissolution of the matrimonial tie , eonsefuently not evea on account of the irefidelity of the husband . The universal feeling in the . Christian ¦ World is unnristakeably ia favour of man and woman enjoying a perfectly equal position , in a moral point of view , and every apparent deviation from this principle will be very uuyopular with the most respectable portion of society . But the question for the legislator to

    « ontsTder is ,-whether this Feeling would be well applied to the law of divorce , or whether St . Pad's ¦ advice , and tbe undoubted use of the ancient Church ( attested even by the Greek canons ) , be not founded ujon an eternally true appreciation of human nature ? So long as wonaan alo » e can bring ibith children , so long can the highest trust of society , namely , the securing the paternity , be imposed only upon woman .. Man cannot commit adultery In the strict sense ( corrupted by St . Augustine in the western Church ) , because he cannot falsify liis paternity . He may cause another's wife to commit adultery ; in which case the complaint lies with the injured husband . The question is , whether his own wife is to have it light of diriiriing more than ' -what sbe certainly onglit to have , the i-iglit of separation ; a Sotm . _ wl > ich contmentel legislation has foolishly rejected as papistic . No lawyer tyhp knows the history of canon law will maintain that the . form of' lemporary separation is of papistic origin , and every practical observer of the effects of such , separaiioii will acknowledge its expediency ,. " ;'¦ ¦ . ' ' ' '" ¦ ¦ ''¦ . "¦ . ' . ' : : . " ' ' \ ' . ¦ ¦ - '¦'¦>¦' . ' . '¦ ' ' . ¦'

    ' .. . . ' ¦:¦ • • ' .• V ' .-.- '¦ . - .. . .. . '' ¦ • :¦ ¦ ' ;¦ ' : . ¦ ¦ ' " ' ' ¦ '^Jjc Rt V-Ri^Rt'i **Y _ ' .-• ¦ • .- ¦ ¦:¦ ¦: _ : :.. ¦ .- ¦' ¦ . '¦^ 3^ X1 I-4-L- : 'Xl : Ix Jll*- ; ¦¦ I

    ¦ MHttfulin .

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    SBp-nKMB-Eft 2 , 1854 . ] TEi liEAD-JEHv 83 S

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 2, 1854, page 835, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2054/page/19/