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Leader (1850-1860), 26th August 1854, Edition Town of 2, Page 794, Untitled Article

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      to all "whom , it may concern , especially to local authorities , and telling ttem how to proceed for the removal of nuisances either by cleansing or the construction of -works , and how to enforce such removal where the jproper authorities are negligent or obstructive . Our civilisation is aptly illudteated this week an the " accidents and offences ™ department j $ f journalism . We do not , of < Bourse , lay voavki stress upon the explosion of < ftEe-3 amp in a < edEHery at Barnsley , by which four men were killed ;

      although it really is time that the object at which Davy aimed , and which has in our day been shown to he perfectly practicable- —the neutralising of tc fire-damp "—should be completed , or our civilisation lacks its boasted potency . The fall of a workhouse at King ' s Lynn also , without a rescue for all the inmates , is another slur upon our civilisation . Paijper palaces may fall , like contract houses ; but they do not build Royal palaces so . The condensation of trains on railways , by janarniog two together , goes on unchecked , Railway

      Board notwithstanding . Besides the accident On the ¦ North lyoridony thxoiigb the baek-sHding of a train which had been detached from its engine , iuere is a more shocking accident at Croydbri v -ff-here aballast engine > . \ r&splaceduponthelinej and ai excursion train from iDoyef ran into it after a fgshidn of wholesale slaughter and ruin known only to railway managers . In the meanwhile , domestic morals are vindicated by an " injured :

      husband , " , after separating from , his wife , erii ~ ploys a retired Uetectiye to spy upon her actions . The © elective , aided by a matron and a gimlet , professes to have discovered evidence of . the lady's lapses 5 and the vindicator of domestic morals brings before the courts and the newspapers one of the most curious cases ever recorded in . . » the annals of Crifn . Con . Morality never lacks its de-CendUnrs in this way !

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      " * Edinburgh , HoguCj Ajax , Blonlieim . " " t Uor Majesty ' s » lup Blenheim . — Lioutormnt V . A Close ; «) , J . Bull , mauler ; h . Wlldman , actin ^ -nutto ^ Lieutenant T . h . Ward ; David Orr , aoting-mntoj 1 ' . 13 . Nolloth , hrovot-mivjor , KM . ; Willlum Sanders , ih-Ht-lioutonant , H . M .: S . Wado , nasitttnnt-Hurgeon . " Her JVIiycaty ' tt uhip ^ Vj « x . —W . L . Savor , caplnin , K . BI . ; Thornna liont , iirat-lit-u tenant , lt . M . i IX . JL . 0 . Itobinaoi ) , mal o . " lior MiyoHty ' H nhir > Uoguc— -Chnvlcs Smith , mat <;; M , Singer , lioutoniuit , KM , 5 Captain Foabroko , KM . ; A . If . Bradford , sturgeon . " Hov MnjoHty ' rt uhip Edinburgh .. —Lieutenant G .. I . HurgoHH ; Ouptuin Dolttcoinbp , JIC . M . ; A . Tail , liuutcimiih K . M . ; K . J . ClHciB , pnnstd clerk , " " % AfmioiWo , Phlopothon , JMrion , Arrogant , . Aiuphwn , Valorous , Driver , bulldog . Ilecla . "

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      determined 4 o make , the iirsfe assault , as in the capture of Shis ithe 3 key * o the long fort -was secured . During 1 i&e next > £ o-Trr days the troops-were engaged in bringing up ammunition , baggage , and provisioffiBifrom the shore ; in foraging the island ; in filri « g ;> fi 8 na ibags , and , geaSng their battety in-order . The-mnin body of the asrmy rested upon'the spoilage of Skorpana , itmilt on an ^ eminence , about fouar-miles in lanfl , ana slotted witjh . red . windmills . Sfifeween the oaanp ari&cthe enemy ? BJto \ ver > atretch a long ^ wflley , with waiep ; % ing in iQxe bottom , and -some uocky grouna-iteyond . Jfeanvwhile about 1 , 200 marines of both nations , under General Harry Jones , had landed on the north of the island , and had cautiously proceeded inland , encamping on ground within range of the round forts . Their tents were pitched in a wood

      of juniper and fir , about 800 yards from the w . estern tower , and behind their position ran the main road leading to Bomarsund v By -the llth , both , camps were thoroughly established—the French camp being the larger was more scattered . They had set up a bakehouse and slaughter-house , and the "vrvandieres had opened their shops for the sale of coffee and spirits . The men . were in the finest spirits imaginable . The heavy siege guns were landed and hauled up over rough and difficult ground by the sailors of the fleet , who , headed by bands of music , hauled away with genuine heartiness . These guns were intended for the English battery .. Heavy planks ' were also carried up to form the platforms for the guns to run ; upon , and sand bags were piled up to protect the ' gunners . On the 18 th , in the early da \ yn the ifort opened on" the chasseurs as they crossed the valley . / . / ' . ' : . ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ : ' ; ' " : '; . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ . ' - ,,.. '¦ . . ¦ . ' . ¦ '¦"' : ' . -.: ¦ ' ¦¦ ¦

      Three French niortars and three long b ^ ass fieldpieces were now planted on their batteries , the latter point-bJank Upon the fort , while the mortars were fixed afc the base of a gentle slope . The-Krench now began the bombardment in Teality . After half an hour ' s practice they obtained a beautiful ra , nge , and kept up all day a tremendous cannonade , the shells bursting in the embrasures and over the r 0 pf , and the shot destroying- the facings of the embrasures at every round * By four -p . m . they ^ iiad silenced three of the guns , and a flag of truce was put out from a port-hole . General Baraguay d'Hilliers proceeded

      up to ¦ within ten yards of the fort , together with a company of Chasseurs as his guard . The enemy demanded two hours' respite to bury their dead . The General gave them one hour only , and the use they made of this was to gain reinforcements from the fort below , and to obtain a further supply of ammunition . The fire now recommenced with redoubled fury , the shells being most effective , in their descent , and the riflemen on the rocks pouring into the embrasures a deadly shower of bullets . The second tower , to the east of the first , was now compelled to come to , its assistance , and sent shells completely over the besieged fort into the camp of the , allies .

      THE FALL OF BOMARSUND . The first Baltic fortress of the Czar fell before the combined / efforts of the allies ! on the 16 thy and is thus the first considerable exploit of the war . Besides the official despatches , which , will be found below , the journals have published letters which enable us to present our readers with an account of the siege . The fortress of Bomarsund is built at thehead of . a bay on the eastern of the largest of the Aland islands . The main fort was a grim granite-built

      place stretching along the shore , and mounting eighty or a hundred guns in casemates . In the rear of the fort , and on high gtound overlooking it , were three round towers , one standing east , one west , and one in the centre ; the bay in front is semicircular , and the line-of-battle ships stretched across the entrance from east to west . On the Trestern shore of the bay tine Buasiane had thrown up a mud battery of fliX' guns , which , aa the allies had determined to land on that side , it ivaa necessary to take ; and early on the morning of the 8 th inst . the PJulegethon and Amphion moored near the battery but out of range of its fire , In half an hour it was destroyed . Every preparation was now made for landing , and by way

      of precaution the Edinburgh steamed ahead and threw three shells into the wood ^ to feel for the Bussiane . Bwt none wqre these , and at half ^ past fqur the landing of the troops bqgwn . By eiglit o ' clock the work of disembarkation had , flm ' shed , and tine celerity of this operation mu

      As oaoh regiment lamdcd , they formed into order on itUo rocky ohoro , and marched through tho thick pine forest and over the heights , their bayonets and tQd caps glistening In tho morning sun . Tho centre wing of the army encamped for tho night in and 9 rpu , n ( l a largo villugo at a distance of loss than two mUcj from tho tower -which they were destined to at ); aclc . This tower , from its highly elevated poaitloh ; commands a great portion of tho surrounding wungfersr , owl hwrq Gcnq ? al Rarnguoy d'Hillicre hai

      At 8 p , tn . another flag of truce was offered , and the Commandant of Artillery of Chasseurs . rushed in breathless haste to the quarters of the Oornmanderin-Oliief to inquire if the battery was to cease firing . " Cease firing ! " the general replied , . ' * Certainly not ; these men have not respeqted the object of theii truco , and they shall not receive the slightest consideration . . Continue the bombardment . " A terrific shower of shot , shell , and musketry , therefore

      eonirnpregnable , enabled General Jones to turn his guns \ jpon ttm-flBMtsfort , which he did upon the 15 th . From theiaea tfte attack was also carried on , the sfcips ^ ieBing ' the great fort at long range . Captain PeTham gallantly landed a ten-inch gun from the Blenheim * ; aoa ^ soaking the most of the deserted battery onttheehare , and covering his men readily with sand bags r soon rendered himself a source of greatt Bnriijynnce to the main fort . At the same time , Captain Ramsay landed three 32-pounders on the coas $ , 5 «( JdJBRizea away at the tower on that side . Jet Jthe middfesof the d&y the Hecla and Valorous went in'to aopport Capttin Pelham's gun ; the Asmode ' e , Bhlegethon , and Dariten , joineelin the bombardment , andas-it was the 15 th of August , fired shotted

      guns in honour of St . Napoleon . During this day the Russians managed to "fire the west round tower , and it blew up about eleven o ' clock . At half-past four the fire of General ' Jones ' s battery and Captain llatnsay's guns had silencea-the eastern round tower ; a flag of truce was hung out ; and our Marines and Blue Jackets coolly marched up and took possession . The next morning , the 16 th , the main fort showed little signs of holding out , but it did not give in . The batteries from the heights , and the guns from the ships began and continued a heavy'fire ; and about twelve ^ General Bodisco suraendered to Captain Hall of the Hecla . Soon after , General Baraguay d'Hilliers , Adniirals Napier and Parseval entered the fort , and the French Commanaer gave the Old Russian veteran back his sword .

      Thus , in eight days after setting foot oh shdre , the small army ; aided by the ships ,: reduced this fortress * and captured 2200 Kussjan prisbners . Four claysof preparatipn and something like ; twenty hours fire from a sixrguri battery sufficed to , dfestrby the main oTitwork ; eight hours firing from ' the Englishrbattery destroyed the second , ' and nothing remained for the main fort the nerct morning but to surrender . The official despatches were published on Tuesday siTid Wednesday ; and from them we gather the follovring :- — : , ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ' ¦ ¦ : ¦ " - \ . ' . '¦'¦' .: '" ¦ :: ¦ , ^ ¦' . ¦' : ' . ¦ ' ¦ ¦' . '¦¦ ( From the tendon Gazette . ') Admiralty , Aug . 21 . Despatches , of which the following are copies ^ have been received from Vice-Admiral Sir . Charles Napier , K . C . B ., Commanderrin-Chief of her Majesty ' s ships and vessels 5 ri the Baltic :-

      —¦ . - . ¦» ' No . 354 . " Balldpg i off Boraarsiind , Aug . 1 G . u ,- —At i o ' clock in tlie morning of the -13 th inst . the French battery of four XGrjoOnders and four mortars opened a spleridid file on the western tower , which commands the fortress of Bomarsnnd and the anchorage . A white flag was displayed , in the afternoon , which led to nothing , l ) ut on the morning of the 14 th the tower was surprised by the Chasseurs . General Jones ' s battery of 32-pounders was finished in the night and ready to ojen , but , not being wanted , was turned against the eastern tower , and on the morning of the 15 th he opened his & . The battery was manned by seamen and jnnrine artillery from the four ships named in the margin , * under tho direction of Captain Ramsay , of the Hogue , assisted by Commander Preedy , Lieutenant Somorsct , of the Duke of Wellington , and the officers named in tho margin . t Their fire was oeautiful . " 2 . At 6 p . m . one sido was knocked in , nnd th « tower surrendered .

      " In tho attack on the western tower tho Chasseurs , with . Slinid rifles , wore employed so Buccessfully , that it was difficult for the enemy to load their guns ; in tho attack on tho eastern tower wo had no Chasseurs , and they wore enabled to load their guns with more facility . " 3 . Our loss has been trifling , one man killed and one wounded , but I have' to lament the death of the Hon . Lieutenant Cumeron Wrottosloy , K . E ., who was mortally wounded by a cannon ball j and died twenty minutes after ho had bcon sent to tho Jiellcisle . " 4 . The enemy had G men killed , 7 wounded , and 125 were taken prisoners . I lmyo scrnt tlio latter to the Termagant .

      " 5 . JLI 10 loss of the French at tho western towor was alsotrifling . " ( 5 . Both batteries were admirably constructed iuiu adrnirably fpught , which nc « ounts for the small loss . Uenorul Jones api'uka in high terms of the conduct of the seamen nnd marine artillery , and tlio precision of tlieir fire . ' During tho time the oporationa were going on , General Paraguay d'HillJQrs was employed in estnblishin ^ lu ' s breuchioR battoiieo against tho great fortress , and tho French and English steamers , us pop margin , 1 supported by 'JVidont ( bearing tho flag of Iteur-Admiral JPenau ) , Duporrc , lidinburcli , and AJnx , ^ P ^ P ft ¦ well-directed lire from their aliell guns , and vury muah damaged tho fortress , whilo Captain the Hon , F . T . Jt ' elliam , of tlio Blonlieim , koi ) fc up n

      tmued all night from both sidea , but at hsilf-past five the tower fell into the hands of its brave assailants . Tho French immediately planted the tricolour upon it . When they entered the fort , it is said , they found the whole garrison , officers as well as men , raving drunk . Considering the provocation they had received , our allies acted with moderation , for only one Russian was bayoneted , and this because he had struck an officer ivfter surrendering . 1 h « loss of tho Russians was found to be very considerable .

      Iu the mean time the English encampment had not been left without some iron visitors . " The British Camp is a strango scene at tliis moment , " says one who -wrote on the 14 th . " Bound shot and shell aro plunging and bursting over it ; soimo of the officers are seated in their tents at breakfast , others aro malting their toilets on dressing tables of granito boulders , some ore writing letters on tho same rudo sort of table ; and although the wholo aflajr is fraught wJUJi danger , yofc it seuins to bo tho squrco of much merriment . Some diving as a ball whizzes over their heads , and popping it up again to resume their occupations , whether toilet , letter-writing , or

      breakti \ st . The enemy seema to have guegsed tho rango well , but fortunutolv no one hns been yofc hit in catnp , although thoronre inomentnrjly narrow escapes from thooxploding nhollfl . None of tho round shot bcoui to rkochot . U'licy bury thomsolvca iu tho soft soil , unless they tpuoh the granite mouutuin , boyoutl whiph the battery is firing . Tho firing is very fierce to-day up tho hill whore the . sand battery is being constructed , and sholls aro fulling thiolcly -where tho aand-bftge aro being lilled . Only ono iiceidonfc hua us yot occuwod , a marina hud his anltle crushed to atoms by a fragment of ahoU whilo working on tho hill . " But the rapid capture of tho west towor , beside d , iflp > qllin , g the Illusion jroflnocting graiiUo wwlla boijig

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      794 THE LEADER , X [ Saturday ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 26, 1854, page 794, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2053/page/2/