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    Untitled Article

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    Untitled Article

    It is , nevertheless , most desirable that jlasses placed in the position of the Bradford prool-combers should thoroughly understand their relation to the labour market , and should be able to make a truly independent choice on the subject of emigration . Documents exist upon the subject , and few towns are so far from some emigration depot as to be unable to obtain the requisite information . Mistakes may be made both ways . Many maybe tempted to emigrate who are unfit , while those who may be really fit may not know the fact . It does not follow that indoor

    occupations totally unsuib men for colonisation ; on the contrary , weavers have been found'to make very good shepherds ; we have heard of working tailors who have laid the foundation of a fortune by an intelligent enterprise in the building of iron cottages ; and the plains of Michigan could parade before us a very miscellaneous regiment of

    agricultural settl < ersTr-men . "who furnish a part < jf the supplies for the corn-market of this cpniitry- ^ wht )> began life in alV sorts- of em-• pioym ^ nt . If a * man ; ha . s tol erable- jae alth , and good understanding , Is not too © Id / and is adaptable , ~ her can ¦ usually find some einploynaent in a colony ; and besides earning enough : tp support himself , can earo . enough to corrimence laying the foundation' of a much better ibrtune . - " ¦'¦ . ¦'' ' ¦"' ¦ ¦ ' - "'¦ . ¦ . - . . '¦ ¦ . ¦ . •;¦ .. ' : ¦' ¦ ¦" ¦

    In Australia ; the most- promising prospects liewith . ¦¦ ' . the Regular labourers . Not the gold finders but tfese who arffcaeh theniseives to the ^ coiistaiitly-sidvaiiciiig ^^ vcoinmerce , say of South . Ausfoaliay j in whiih . there is aa incest sant social moveinientaipwards . Labouring men arei year by year , advancing towards the ppsitiion of landowners iand gentlemen ; and nuinbers whb entered tbfe colony as working mentor with ^^ ajposition yet m ore preearious , air ^ adyjsee that they are laying the jfpunda diioiv of anbereditiaryhdiise . ¦¦" . ' : .. ¦ ' ¦ ¦ 'Wowi ' the reasonfor the difFerence between

    they consume , —that is , have all they want and begin to be rich , —if they were in some colony instead of being in London , Bradford , or Bolton . 3 S * ow , besides the fitness of the man for emigration , and the fitness of the colony , there is also the fitness of the mode . Emigration is not difficult . The sum of money requisite can easily be ascertained by each person , according to the circumstances and the choice of a colony . It is probable that any man with well-understood character could borrow that money upon finding

    security for its return within a given period . This plan has been attempted collectively , and has always failed in that form . Emigrants have been sent over by our own Government , on condition of returning the money , sometimes in the form of instalments for the purchase of their own land . The returns have always been a mere fraction of the amoxint required The colony of 2 sTew South / Wales has lately made advances for thesame purposes— -taking but emigrants tinder indentures , which bind t ^ em to serve for a certain period , until they shall have worked but the amount of-the cost

    of their transit ; iTher& is every : prospect that this also will be only brie addecLfcp the list of failures . But it is < jiiite certain that in : ninei ; een

    emigration , the cost has been , reduced to the lowest point . There is nothing , therefore , in the snaj ) e of cheapness , comfort , safety , or health ' , which an emigrant can secure by the means of any association or intermediate trading agency ; the most he can do would be to save a little trouble , which he had better take for himself . If the intermediate agency coats him nothing , it adds so mueli to the outlay , and is dearer than the ordinary mode .

    the police court the other day ; of an emigrant society wMch-undertook .. to send out emigrants , and stumbled at its work , and of an emigration-agency firm which became bank > ru . pt before lit could fulfil its cpmpact ^ - tbus coming within , the scope of a penal law for the protection of emigrants— -can both be excused on grounds quite consistent with honest intention ., - It is supposed that the association of . persons in the interest of the wprkiiig-class might assist the

    intending emigrant , by looking after his interests > or by securing him a passage on cheaper terms with greater comforts . Now , the fact is , that all these points have been well con- * sidered , and have already been , secured either by the competition of traders speculating in the business of emigration , or by the care of Grovernment . Emigrants themselves have done almost nothing for their own interests . Some years since the emigrant ships to North America were positive . pest-houses , in which

    the emigrants starved and died of disease , in ships that were liable , to sink at every puff of wind- —and they did sink not unfreguently . They were , in fact , regarded merely as rotten lumber ; for they were ships which brought back timber , and which did not require to be very sea-worthy in order to float such a cargo . The nuisance was suppressed , not by emigrants , but by the direct interference of Q overnment ; and at this clay no emigrants possess sufficient knowledge of , shipping , of

    provisioning ' , or of other requisites for voyaging ; but it is supplied to them by the appointed officers of the Government . 'Ihus , while shipowners , -who make a trade of convoying emigrants , do much to render their vessels attractive , the Government inspector looks to see that the vessel is sea-worthy , that tho arrangements oro conducive to health , that the provision is sufficient and wholesome ; and the assistance of tho Government inspector can always bo invoked by emigrants to secure all thoso requisites under penalty . Already , by competition , and by tho endeavour of Government to facilitate

    "the colony arii the inother country is perfectly well known tp economists ; and the reason is not a vicious suggestion , although it has been soioetimes advanced for unjust purposes , The : reason is this . In a colony where land is abundant , but where labour is in a small pro-portion to land , and yet not too scattered to be productive , the price r of labour is higher than the price , off other thipgs in proportion ; in other words , a man having the command of plenty of land , and of many natural products , can make more by his labour than he consumes to sustain him *

    self or ; his immediate dependants ; and whether -he does so as a separate settler or sells his labour to another man the result is the same : more comes in than he consumes . In this country , where land is limited in proportion to the numbers of the population , the things produced by land are limited in proportion to the population . Although improvements in commerce have augmented the surplus , that surplus is gained by trading more than by labour ; ib being , in fact , the

    product of the labouring industry of other coutofcriea . Efere , therefore , there is a tendency , especially in . the commonest employments , for the labourer to consume mbre than he produces . The way for redressing that falsQ balance ia to diminish tho number of labourers in proportion to the work to be done . Some trades cannofc-be revived , and amvonget them arc thoso of

    wpolconabera andjynn . & 4 oom weavers . Nothing can induce people to buy band-loom stuff at handipQm prices , when thoy can bxiy power-loom stuff at power-loom prices ; and nothing can niak ;© a manufacturer omploy a wool-combor at wool-comber ' s prices , where he can do tho flame work at a less price . Amongst tho wool-combera and hand-loom weavers , aa well aa in , other trades , there is probably a larger proportion ^ ho could produce more than

    Untitled Article

    COTMANV Dit . Cotmait is much obliged to the Times ; for the leading journal has elevated that per ? son into a tcdistinguished" individual ; whereas he was " before only a strange individual , The most surprising part of his history * perhaps , is that he is really a physician . It is not surprising tliat he lias been a Russian officer , since the Emperor Nicholas has S . ntost indiseriminate swallow for American , citizens just at present ; and there are mis- * sions that can be bestowed , like the Island of Barataria , without any responsibility to the g i ver-- ¦ • '¦; . ' . ¦¦ ' • : ' . ; . ¦ . ' ¦¦ * . . . ^' . v . ; . : ;¦ ¦" ; . ;¦¦/ ' , "

    It is a great cotip in Europe , or it seems so , for the Eimperor to ] i ^ e American citizens in his public employ merit * Ke has had thenai befpre privatelyv More than One American has disgraced hims&lf- ~ n . o man catn ^ ( disgrace his country , unless : his country adopt his actibns --by actirigl as a spy for ! Russia , and serving to rpropagate Russian opinipris throiigh AmericaiL journals . Western sagacity , however , has detected these poor knaves j th 6 y have been . denouniced , arid whenever / they

    have been known , they have been repulsed with indignation and contempt . JPor in . trutlv there can only be one thing iripre repugnant tp , American feeling than the mean ^ d ^ spoiisuri of Russia < , and thafc one thing'is subseryiency to . ' the "; despotism . By the faulty of ; iEnglishnten ^ by one ¦ . of the most surprising niistakea of philaTithropy , before the Republic became independent ,:. slavery was forced , upon the American colpnies through English agency ; We have never sympathised with the

    subsequent attempt oi an almost equally mistaken philanthropy , which has endeavoured to force abolition upon the sUnion , notwithstanding all the horrors by which a sudden measure must inevitably be attended ; but \ ye have sympathised most heartily with , the indignation of Americans at the cant of an Irish exile , who thought to cua * ry favour with the republicans by praising the institution of slavery . If the Americans spurn subserviency to themselves , how must they abominate subserviency

    to the Russian despot ! They have spurned these detected' spies , and they laugh at Dr , Cotmnn , who is only superior to those spies because , with a goose-liko ostentation of dignity , lie comes as tho public agent of tho Czar . Tho history of tho man . ia curious , "We have already mentioned tine surprising fact , that he is a physician ; but we suspect that

    there axe moments which encourage the competent authorities to give diplomas upon an unconsidered impulse . Thus thero arc doctors wandering about the world miraculously indocti . Dr . Cotman went over to St . Petersburg , apparently on some speculation of making himself conspicuous , which is an easy thing to do if a man will consent to the conditions . Tho obscurest Member of

    Parliament might bo the talk of the world for nino days , if he would grin through a horso-collar at tho Speaker . If jet republican will lick tho loot of tho tyrant , the tyrant will pat him on tho back , and ticket him for tho worship of the fooliah . Dr . Ootinan went to Bt . l ' otorsburg on the licking expedition j some how or other forced himself , with Yankee energy , into tho imperial presence ; became a kind of ridiculous nuisance in St .

    Untitled Article

    804 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 26, 1854, page 804, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2053/page/12/