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Leader (1850-1860), 6th May 1854, Edition 1 of 1, Page 413

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      streets crowded with people , and decked oat with the pomp of a festal day , to the Imperial Burg , where the Emperor affectionately waited to receive her . On the 24 th , in the church of St . Augustine , she was married by the Archbishop of Vienna . Ten thousand wax Tights illuminated the interior of the church , displaying the crimson velvet hangings on the vails , and the brilliantly-clothed groups of counts , princes , barons , diplomatists , generals , statesmen , and ccnrt ladies , who filled the building . The bride , wearing a white

      robo , embroidered with silver and gold , her head encircled witli a diadem of brilliants , was led to the altar by her own mother and the mother ofthe Emperor . When the ceremony was over , it was announced by cannon to the town . Th « conspicuous strangers present were the Duke of Cambridge , the Duke of Saxe-Gotha , and the Prince of Schleswig-Holstein Glucksburg . Marshal Eadetzki receives the Grind Gross of St . Stephen ; Dr . Bach becomes Baron Bach ; Count Bnol gets the ( xrand Cross of Leopold , and Ban Jellaclich becomes a count . The Duke of Cambridge left Vienna , en Tuesday , for Constantinople , vid Trieste and Corfu .

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      The French Commander-in-Chief , Marshal St . Arnaud , has at length taken his departnre for the seat of war . He steamed off from Marseilles on Tuesday , in the Berthollet . Dressed in full uniform , he was accompanied to the ship by General Rostolan , General Faucheux , and the Prefect . Gay ctowds lined the shore , the forts fired a salute , and away went the steamer for Constantinople . Madame St . Arnaad has accompanied her husband .. " A telegraphic despatch is said to have been received by the French Government on Thursday night , announcing a victory by the Turks , and that Omar Pasha bad succeeded in cutting' in two the Russian array in the Dobruds « La . Th « despatch , towever , is not regarded as sufficiently authentic , and therefore was not published . " By a recent letter from Constantinople , it appears that , at a scirde given by General Baraguay d'Hilliers , the Hungarian General Klapka was an invited guest , and that as soon as he entered the room , all the Austnans present , the corps diplomatique included , went away .

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      The following is the text ofthe protocol signed at Vienna , on the 9 th of April , by the representatives of Austria , France , Great Britain , and Prussia : — "At the request of the plenipotentiaries of France and of Great Britain , the Conference met to hearjfche documents read which establish that the mvitatjpjr ^ addressed to the Cabinet of St . Petersburg to evacuate the Moldo-Wallachian provinces within a faxed time having remained unanswered , the state of war already declared between Russia and the Sublime Porte is in actual existence equally between Russia , on the one side , and France and Great Britain on the other . .

      "This change which has taken place in the attitude of two of the Powers represented at the Conference of Vienna , in consequence of a step taken directly by France and England , supported by Austria and Prussia as being founded in rigntt has been considered by the representatives of . Austria and Prussia as involving the necessity of a fresh declaration of the union of the Four Powers upon the ground of -the principles laid down in the protocols o f December , 5 , 1 853 , and January 13 , 1854 . "Inconsequence , the undersigned have at this solemn moment declared that their Governments remain united in the double object of maintaining the territorial integrity of the Ottoman empire , of which the fact of the evacuation of the Danubian principalities la and will remain one of the

      essential conditions ; and of consolidating in an interest so much in conformity with the sentiments of the Sultan , and by every means compatible with his independence and sove - reignty , the civ il and re li gious rights of the Christian subjects of the Porte . " The territorial integrity of the Ottoman empire is and remains the sine qud non condition of every transaction having for its object the re-establishment of peace between the be lligerent Powers ; and tne Governments represented by the undersigned engage to endeavour in common to discover the guarantees most likely to attach the existence of that empire to the general equilibrium ot Europe ; as they

      also declare themselves ready to deliberate and to come to an understanding as to the employment of the means calculated to accomplish the object of their agreement . * ' Whatever event may arise in consequence of this agreement , founded solel y upon the general interests of Europe , and of which the- object can only be attained by the return of a firm and lasting peace , the Governments represented by the undersigned reciprocally engage not to enter into any definitive arrangement with the Imperial Court of Russia , or with any other Power , which , would be at variance with the principles above enunciated , without previously delib « rat ~ thereon in common . "

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      Lord Raglan left Malta , in the Emuy on the 24 th of April ; and must be by this time at Constantinople .

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      The French fleet , which was riding at Deal , set Bail for the Baltic , on Wednesday , full of spirits and very confident that they will be able to knock the forts of Cronstadt about . A correspondent saya : 41 The Admiralty , treating their French frieirfls much better than they behaved to their own count rymerf , have had a batch of thoroughly tried , certificated , and most skilful pilots from the Tyne , in waiting for the Bquadron of France , ever since the 23 rd ult . These pilots know the Russian waters and dominions as accurately and its closely as they do every yard of the British shore . They report that , unless some totally unforeseen uccidont occurs , Cronstadt may be taken and silenced , the fort being built on unseasoned wood , and ' llwt the groat guns inuy nfter . vards be drained

      up the land to St . Petersburg in less than five weeks from the present time I ' "It is a p leasant surprise to hear of the unhesitating readiness with which the French attest our naval supremacy —one and all avow that whatever their armies have done on land has been equalled b y our navies on the sea . The French ships , nevertheless , are fine majestic vessels , tlieir spars and rigging are not so trim and sailor-like as our own , perhaps , but their hulls cannot be found fault with . On the 29 th ult . several English parties visited the ships . The men of the Tetge were at full exercise with the guns , brawny , fresh-looking , active fellows , and these great pieces of artillery were handled with a precision , savoir-jcure and celerity that would not have shamed the cleverest fellows at Woolwich , or on board the Wellington . The scene between decks was beyond descript ion : Twas as full as a fair , yet order and discipline reigned throughout : here a parcel of men cutting up and weighing

      out the meat , vegetables , bread , &c ., there the cook anfliis mates before the galley fire watching the simmering pots or hissiug spits ; on this 6 ide a smart Breton sergeant drilling raw recruits with the muskets , on the other side the gunners and lads loading and running out and in their guns ; beyond a drummer with his pupils ; sailors and soldiers mixed indiscriminately , and yet all attent , obedient , wiiliont noise or confusion . The squadron , despite of the bad weather which prevented a very frequent interchange of visits with the shore , spent a great deal of money in the town ; oilskin apparel , and English hosiery met with ready customers . A butcher received 1 OOOi for fresh meat , and one of the principal bakers had his bfeath pleasantly taken away by an order for 14 , 000 loaves . Grocery and vegetables were largely purchased , and though the French service is not reputed to be as well off as bars , there was no demur as to prices . "

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      A supplement extraordinary to the Journal de St . Petersbourg , of April 11 ( 23 rd ) , 1854 , No . 379 , gives the following Manifesto of the Emperor : MANIFESTO OF HIS MAJE 8 T 1 T THE EMPEROR . " St . Petersburg , April 11 ( 23 ) . * ' By the grace of God , we , Nicholas the First , Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias , King of Poland , &c . » &c , to all our subjects make known : Since the commencement of our difference with the Turkish Government , we hare solemnly announced to our faithful subjects that a sentiment cf justice bad alone induced us to re-establish the violated rights of the orthodox Christians , subjects of the Ottoman Porte . " We have not sought , we do not seek , to make conquests , nor to exercise in Turkey any supremacy whatever , that might be likely to exceed that infinence which belongs to Russia by virtue of existing treaties . 11

      At that period we already encountered distrust , then soon a covert hostility on the part of the . Governments o f France and England , who endeavovred to lead the Porte astray by misrepresenting our intentions . Lastly , at this moment , England and France throw off the mask , regard our difference with Turkey as a mere secondary question , and no longer dissemble that their joint object , u to weaken Russia , to tear from her a part of her possessions , and to bring down our country from the powerful jnwition to which the hand of the Supreme Being had exalted it .

      " Is it for orthodox Russia to fear such threats ? " Beady to confound the audacity of the enemy , shall she swerve from the sacred purpose that has been assigned to her by Divine Providence ? No 1 Russia lias not forgotten God I It is not f or worldly interests that she has taken up arms : she combats for the Christian faith , for the defence of her coreligionists oppressed by implacable enemies . " Let all Christendom know , then , that the thought of the Sovereign of Russia is also the thought that animates ana inspires all the great family of the Russian people—this orthodox people , faithful to God and to his only Son Jesus Christ our Redeemer .

      " It is for the faith and for Christendom that we combat ! God with us—who against us ? " Given at St . Petersburg , on the 11 th day of the month of April , in the year of grace 1854 , and the twenty-ninth of our reign . ( Signed ) " Nicholas . "

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      BRITISH TROOPS IN TURKEY . It was on Good Friday that the first British regiment , the 41 st , arrived—the flrst British soldiers that for hundreds of years have set foot on the banks of the Bosphorus . On that day the Himalaya brought to opposite the great barrack at Scutari , the soldiers cheering and the band placing " GUxJ save the Queen . " Many persons , Turkish and British , came over from Pera to see the redcoats laud ; and from the accounts of two who were present doing a stroke of business , we extract some passages : —

      " The troops were formed into small detachments as they stepped on shore , and at once marched up the hill to their new home . A regiment of Turkish infantry was drawn out in front of the principal entrance of . the building , and the Turkish band played a hearty welcome to the British allies as they stepped past . Turkish officers arid interpreters were in waiting to receive the troops . The Pacha of Scutari was also in attendance , whilst others had gone on bourd to welcome the , new comers . Our soldiers wore looking well , smart and active , and seemed glad at exchanging the close sfearnerfor the clean and roomy accommodation ofthe Turkish barrack . The first hundred men had scarcely entered the building before the British sentries wore already parading tip and down ati the four gates . Th is metamorp hosis aceoied rnnoh to puzzle the population of Scutari . "

      sentinels amidst the confusion of discor-dant sounds and un-» n ? nn 3 Se 8 *!? f" ^* around thela ' *** looking as cool and unconcerned and as much at home as if they were stands ing on the pavement of some English guard-house . The wholcof the 41 st were in the enomctis barracked , of which , though disperse ! and strolling about to keep oat the cold , they only occupied one-half . TJiough just ^ corne in , the regiment looked as clean and orderly as if they had been living in tliese barracks for many years past . " The men -were paraded ; and tfce scene filled the Turks with delight .

      "They thronged around the few Englishmen present who could speak their language , and expressed their admiration without reserve and in a very naive manner . Soine pf the soldiers asked with great humility , « Will these red-caatea soldiers be allowed to drill us ? If so , Inshallah 1 f&ey wilt make very good soldiers of us ! ' And their officers , twirunfe their black moustaches , every now and then raised their " hands , saying , ' Inshallah 1 ' which with them is an expression of unbounded delight and admiration . Some vent up to the men of the 33 rd , who stood looking , on while the 4 lst : were on parade . They pulled their sleeves , and endeavoured .-to engage them in conversation . Finding all their , attempt ^ fruitless—for the soldiers only smilecl E and shrugge ^ ithelr . shoulders— -they came bade and said reiy sadly , \^ fi || se 3 rd : very fine men and formidable sblo ^ eis . 'But they : cs ^ Ot : speak . We love theni as brethren , becausev- 'Sli ^ inte ^ ft *^ - fightforusi Truly , they are gallant men . Miy G ^ - ' ^ S ^^ them strength ]* Some women , t ^ stmnge to ; aSy ^ hadbroken through the customs of their country , ahdloitereclK about the entrances to tlie barrack-yard . " .. # ;¦ ] . ,. ; , . . f . iv , « Again ; here ia a testimony to the temb < e £ tit Qjx ? men : — ' "V " " - .- ' ¦¦ - -.-..

      " The first question the gallant fellows asked waa most ' creditable to them as British soldiers , for it showed tliat they ^ were not only in arms , butalso ' eager , for the -fray . * *¦!^ Wl ^ h were the Russians ? Having doubtlesBly been told $ fi& § h $ ? Czar ' s armies were threatening Constantinople , the ^ l % nt ' 33 rd and 41 st believed that the Russian ou ^ pw ^ mtlyBtibe ' very near " the capital , and that the Queen's trot ^ v ^ li | jtiot have far " to walk to'get at them . 'Otis wafc ' aju ^^ fe ^ eir evident disappointment" on being told tfiat ' th <^ ' ' e > i « D ^ p ^ rfei ' good way off , and that the allied armies- Wduld MSveTnany : days to march before coming , up with the ehemyi ' ' f 'Hadtthfr- ' fleet been fighting the Russians ?' Again they were doomed iiu 1110

      iv lijsupjjuiuiuicui , joi , n . rdvnpii ^ uu ... jut iVa . JFlgrjLUUfi and theFwry , no vessel .-of the . fleet ua ^; a ^/ ye % Be ^ ijt 5 vtfift ^ enemy . ; These matters being settled , thoiigh haril ^ ta tha ^ satisfaction of the soldiers , their thjonghts ^ r ^ e ^ ^^ the ^ mode and manner of existence and enloyment in tbi ^ straiige country , and eager questions were asked as to- the ; j irices pit ? wine and tobacco ; and great was thejrdelijjht Wh 1 p : Mfe | nijli * that these commodities were sold at phws whicb 7 'to > in « n fresh from home quarters and the blessings of customs aria excise , must appear fabulously low . " ¦ " '¦ . . " The men - all seemed very glad M landing , though oney of whom I inquired whether they , had made a prosperous j voyage , answered me in the affirmative with an 'Och . veea .

      sir , ' which had a strong Hibernian smack . ~ The regimental dog of the-41 st Regiment , with ' 41 ' marked on his side , wa » there wagging his tail , and evident ! j quite awareJthafclie was in Torkey . I should recommend the Scutari curs to keep out of his way , as he did not seem a . gentletrjEkti to be . trifled with , but as ah ally it may be presumed that he will not be exposed to much , insult . " The Turkish women's curiosity is greatly mov&d , ' and those assembled were pattering about in their yeUowrnorocoo boots and slippers , their eyes peering out with daark lustre from under the white yastmutb . 'Xnglis askier cioo Yusel ( The English soldiers are well-looking ) , was said by one near me ; to which another replied , ' Sakaliaro yok * ( Tliey have no ueardsl . "

      There were on April 20 th six British regiments at Scutari . With respect to Gallipoli , here ia a genuine bit of letter-writing by a corporal of the 44 th , and pub * lished ia the Times : — " We Landed at Gallipoli on the ILth of the same month , and I have to inform you that it is as fine a country as ever my eyea did see ; and as for cattle , bullocks do all the work that there is to do here , in the placp of horses ; and as for beef , and mutton , and bread , they are cheap . You buy a fin © sheep for 2 s . and 2 s . 6 d ., and the very day that I vrite this letter , I Bee a sheep sold for 5 d ., but -they were very young . " But I have to inform you that there is no inhabitants in

      the place where my regiment , and the Fiftieth , ana jborty third j and Rifles , und Forty-second are . There is no more English troops come up yet ; but plenty of French troops lay with us , a thing that was never Jcnown before ; English and French troops together , and drinking and going on as they are now . " Dear father , I suppose that you remind tho time that there was pressing . They used to tako a roan from a waggon when going on tho road to market . Well , that is the very same way with tho Turks . If a man have two sons and one girl , tho two ~ sons was taken from hiaa ; and any man that wus fit to use a firelock was taken to tho war . They are hard nt it about eighty miles from where wo lies at present , but wo expect to be in it red hot in about another month .

      " Dear father , I can tell the price of a few articles . Coffee is Is . per lb .. and bread ia Id . per lb ., and tea is 8 Jd . per lb ., und tobacco is 6 \ d . per lb . ; peat , 2 d . the real best ; but you c / innot get a pipe under Id . per pipes , and as for beer and porter thore is none . Black wine a . nd coffee you can buy ready-made , and as for shoemakers there ib none ; and there is no one to work tho ground , the finest land that ever you did see ; And as for water , the best water that ever I did drink ; and as for game there is plenty of nil sorts . Our officers go out a shooting every duy , and bring plenty of game homo with them ; und as for trees I never see less than whut . tlicro ia here . "

      Here is another view : — "The new tenants had come in before tho old ones liad gone out . Further on , at tho inner corner cf tho vaulted gate , two soldiers of tho dint walked about doing duty « a

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      May 6 , 1854 . ] . T ' EfE LEADER . 4 jrjj . _

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), May 6, 1854, page 413, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2037/page/5/